Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
| official_name =
| other_name =
| translit_lang1 = Name
| translit_lang1_type = {{nobold|Chinese}}
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|凉山彝族自治州}}
{{lang|zh-Hant|涼山彞族自治州}}
({{transliteration|zh|Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu}})
| translit_lang1_type1 = {{nobold|Yi}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ii|ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}}
({{transliteration|ii|niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho}})
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Autonomous prefecture
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| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Huidong, Liangshan, Sichuan, China - panoramio (6).jpg
| photo1b = 201908 Lewu Village from Higher Level of Lewu Spiral.jpg
| photo2a = 宁南县城 - panoramio (1).jpg
| photo2b = Sea of reed in winter - panoramio.jpg
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
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| image_caption = Clockwise from top left:
Huidong County, Xide County, Yanyuan County, Ningnan County
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| image_map = Sichuan subdivisions - Liangshan.svg
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| map_caption = Location of Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Sichuan
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| seat_type = Prefecture seat
| seat = Xichang
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| area_total_km2 = 60261
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| population_as_of = 2020
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| population_total = 4858359
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| demographics_type2 = GDP{{cite book |author=四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 |title=《四川统计年鉴-2016》|date=September 2016 |publisher=China Statistics Press |isbn=978-7-5037-7871-1}}
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 131.5 billion
US$ 21.1 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 28,276
US$ 4,540
| timezone = China Standard
| utc_offset = +8
| coor_pinpoint = Liangshan Prefecture government
| coordinates = {{coord|27.88|N|102.27|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-51_source:Gaode|display=it}}
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| iso_code = CN-SC-34
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| website = {{URL|http://www.lsz.gov.cn/}}
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{{Infobox Chinese
| order = st
| s = 凉山彝族自治州
| t = 涼山彞族自治州
| p = Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
| altname = Abbreviation
| s2 = 凉山州
| t2 = 涼山州
| p2 = Liángshān Zhōu
| lang1_content = {{lang|ii|ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}}
{{transliteration|ii|niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho}}
| lang1 = ii
}}
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{lang-zh|t=涼山彞族自治州|s=凉山彝族自治州|p=Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu}}|{{langx|ii|ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}}, {{transliteration|ii|niep sha nuo su zyt jie jux dde zho}}}}}} (Northern Yi: /nɛ˨˩ʂa˧/) is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern extremity of Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is Xichang. Liangshan covers an area of {{convert|60,261|km2|abbr=on}} and has over 4.8 million inhabitants as of 2020. It has the largest population of ethnic Yi (or Nosu) among China's prefectures. Liangshan contains a number of isolated villages high up on its cliffs, often known as "cliff villages".{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Ma|title=Kids climb vine ladder in 'cliff village' in Sichuan|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-05/25/content_25453124.htm|access-date=22 November 2016|publisher=China People's Daily|date=25 May 2016}}
Xichang has the Xichang Qingshan Airport and the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The prefecture also features a substantial network of railways for both passengers and freight.
Governance
= Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau =
The Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau ({{Zh|c=凉山州公安局}}) is the primary law enforcement agency of Liangshan. It contains an economic crime investigation unit, a patrol unit, a narcotics unit an immigration unit, a cyber-crime unit, a traffic police unit, a SWAT unit and a forestry unit.{{Cite web |title=凉山州公安局机构职能简介 |url=https://lsga.lsz.gov.cn/lszgaj_jgjj/201903/t20190321_16572.html |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau}} As of 14 December 2023, 19 of the 30 people on the Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau's most wanted list had been arrested.{{Cite web |title=凉山公安公开缉捕30名在逃人员,已归案19人! |url=https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/ggxw/202312/82427806.html |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=sichuan.scol.com.cn |publisher=Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau}}
In 2023, the Liangshan Prefecture PSB solved 4025 cases, the highest in all of Sichuan.{{Cite web |last=Jiang |first=Long |date=2024-04-23 |editor-last=Peng |editor-first=Jiang |editor2-last=Li |editor2-first=Binbin |title=凉山公安2023年“十佳人民警察”“十佳辅警”“十佳警属”揭晓,重启多名英烈警号 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/tech/2024-02-23/detail-inaiznvk7989199.d.html?from=wap |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Sina |publisher={{ill|Hongxing News|zh|红星新闻}}}}
== Line of duty deaths ==
Between 2004 and 2025, 30 officers of the Liangshan Prefecture PSB (including child agencies) have died in the line of duty,{{Cite web |title=柘元俊 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n9911732/n9984745/n9984757/n9984896/c9995231/content.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Ministry of Public Security Honor Roll}} of which between 2013 and 2023 10 of which were from the narcotics unit (along with narcotics units of child agencies) or in narcotics related incidents.{{Cite web |last=Wu |first=Guangyu |date=2023-06-27 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Yang |title=大凉山的“脱毒”之路 |url=http://www.news.cn/local/2023-06/27/c_1129718727.htm |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Xinhua News Agency}}
= Liangshan Prefecture Fire and Rescue Brigade =
The Liangshan Prefecture Fire and Rescue Brigade (凉山州消防救援支队) is in charge of firefighting and disaster relief within the prefecture. In 2025, the agency had a budget of 37 million Renminbi and operated 56 firefighting vehicles.[https://www.lsz.gov.cn/ztzl/rdzt/lszyjsgk/zfbm/xfjyzd/202501/P020250122610760145858.pdf 2025 Liangshan Prefecutre Fire and Rescue Brigade budget], retrieved 13/3/2025
= [[People's Armed Police]] Liangshan Detachment =
The People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment (凉山武警支队) is in charge of paramilitary law enforcement and disaster relief duties. It contains a special operations unit for counter-terrorism operations.{{Cite web |title=武警凉山支队连续奋战清理火场860余亩 |url=http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/army/content/2020-04/02/content_8160917.html |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.legaldaily.com.cn}}{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Jieyi |title=实战砺尖兵!武警凉山支队开展实战化练兵提升技战术水平 |trans-title=People's Armed Police Liangshan detachment conducts exercise |url=http://www.81.cn/wj_208567/10209654.html |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Chinese Military}}
== History ==
In October 20, 2014, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment's Meigu County rescued 4 people during a rockslide.{{Cite web |last=Yuan |first=Dongshan |date=2020-12-27 |title=武警凉山支队布哈荣膺中国武警十大忠诚卫士称号_四川在线 |url=https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/ggxw/202012/57999394.html |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=sichuan.scol.com.cn}}{{Cite web |date=2014-10-22 |title=四川凉山武警搜救泥石流被困人员救出4人(图) |trans-title=People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescue 4 people from rockslide. |url=http://gongyi.people.com.cn/n/2014/1022/c152548-25882940.html |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=gongyi.people.com.cn |publisher=People's Liberation Army Daily}}
In 2015, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescued 8 people during a traffic accident.
In 2017, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment rescued 4 people during fires.
In April 2, 2020, the People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment deployed 300 soldiers to assist in fighting wildfires.
The People's Armed Police Liangshan Detachment deployed 165 soldiers during the June 26 {{Ill|2020 Mianning Floods|zh|四川冕寧特大暴雨}} to assist with disaster relief efforts.{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=四川冕宁:武警官兵全力协助开展救援工作 |trans-title=People's Armed Police assist in disaster relief in Mianning, Sichuan |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-06/29/content_5522629.htm |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Chinese government}}
== Equipment ==
Terrain and climate
The Anning River, which runs into the Jinsha River (Yangtze River headwaters), is the main river in the area.
Owing to its low latitude and high elevation, Liangshan has a mild climate. Under the Köppen system, the prefecture belongs to the humid subtropical zone (Köppen Cwa). Winters feature mild days and cool nights, while summers are very warm and humid. Monthly daily mean temperatures range from {{convert|9.6|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|22.3|°C|1}} in July. Unlike much of the province, which lies in the Sichuan Basin, humidity levels in winter are rather low, but like the rest of the province, rainfall is concentrated in the months of June through September, and the prefecture is virtually rainless in winter.
=Cliff villages=
{{Redirect|Cliff villages|the village in Newton County, Missouri|Cliff Village, Missouri}}Due to the mountainous terrain, many villages that lie among the mountain cliffs of Liangshan Yi are isolated from the rest of Sichuan. They are called cliff villages as they tend to be isolated and lie at vertical heights of about {{convert|800|m|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=An|title="Ladders of heaven" gives new path to cliff village in China's Sichuan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2016-11/21/c_135845443.htm|access-date=22 November 2016|agency=Beijing News|publisher=Xinhua|date=21 November 2016|archive-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122154250/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2016-11/21/c_135845443.htm|url-status=dead}} Access to these cliff villages tends to be through vines of trees along the cliffs and steep ladders made of ropes. In 2016, the state run The Beijing News reported one such village called Atulie'er where children climbed up a rope ladder for two hours to reach their home from school, often leading to falls and deaths.{{cite news|title=Steel replaces vine ladders in China's "Cliff Village"|url=http://english.sina.com/china/s/2016-11-21/detail-ifxxwrwk1553334.shtml|access-date=22 November 2016|publisher=Sina News|date=21 November 2016}} In light of this, the local government constructed a special steel ladder (dubbed "Stairway to heaven") in November 2016 for people to climb up and down in a safer manner.{{cite news|last1=Wang|first1=Serenetie|last2=Hunt|first2=Katie|title=China: Cliff-top village builds steel ladder for children to go to school|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/26/asia/china-terrifying-school-run-ladder/index.html|access-date=22 November 2016|publisher=CNN News|date=26 October 2016}}
Subdivisions
Liangshan directly controls two county-level cities, 14 counties, and 1 autonomous county.
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! colspan="8" align="center" | Map |
colspan="8" | {{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Liangshan.png|width=600|link=}} {{Image label|x=1250|y=1040|scale=600/2500|text=Xichang}} {{Image label|x=860|y=1270|scale=600/2500|text=Yanyuan {{Image label|x=1310|y=1410|scale=600/2500|text=Dechang {{Image label|x=1350|y=2080|scale=600/2500|text=Huili}} {{Image label|x=1670|y=1990|scale=600/2500|text=Huidong {{Image label|x=1650|y=1630|scale=600/2500|text=Ningnan {{Image label|x=1550|y=1280|scale=600/2500|text=Puge {{Image label|x=1770|y=1240|scale=600/2500|text=Butuo {{Image label|x=1980|y=1120|scale=600/2500|text=Jinyang {{Image label|x=1740|y=920|scale=600/2500|text=Zhaojue {{Image label|x=1500|y=800|scale=600/2500|text=Xide {{Image label|x=1180|y=620|scale=600/2500|text=Mianning {{Image label|x=1610|y=510|scale=600/2500|text=Yuexi {{Image label|x=1660|y=210|scale=600/2500|text=Ganluo {{Image label|x=1900|y=600|scale=600/2500|text=Meigu {{Image label|x=2200|y=680|scale=600/2500|text=Leibo {{Image label|x=500|y=700|scale=600/2500|text=Muli {{Image label end}} |
Name
! Hanzi ! Yi !Yi Pinyin ! Population ! Area (km2) ! Density |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|西昌市}} |{{transl|zh|Xīchāng Shì}} |{{lang|ii|ꀒꎂꏃ}} |Op Rro Shyp |712,434 |2,655 |268.33 |
---------
|{{lang|zh-Hans|盐源县}} |{{transl|zh|Yányuán Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꋂꂿꑤ}} |Ce Mo Xiep |350,176 |8,388 |41.74 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|德昌县}} |{{transl|zh|Déchāng Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꄓꍣꑤ}} |Dep Cha Xiep |214,405 |2,284 |93.87 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|会理市}} |{{transl|zh|Huìlǐ Shì}} |{{lang|ii|ꑌꄷꏃ}} |Nyi Ddix Shyp |430,066 |4,527 |95.00 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|会东县}} |{{transl|zh|Huìdōng Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꉼꄏꑤ}} |Hop Do Xiep |362,944 |3,227 |112.47 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|宁南县}} |{{transl|zh|Níngnán Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꆀꆆꑤ}} |Nip Nap Xiep |170,673 |1,667 |102.38 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|普格县}} |{{transl|zh|Pǔgé Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꁌꐭꑤ}} |Pu Jjyt Xiep |155,740 |1,905 |81.75 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|布拖县}} |{{transl|zh|Bùtuō Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꀭꄮꑤ}} |Bux Te Xiep |160,151 |1,685 |95.04 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|金阳县}} |{{transl|zh|Jīnyáng Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꏁꇉꑤ}} |Shyx lo Xiep |165,121 |1,587 |104.04 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|昭觉县}} |{{transl|zh|Zhāojué Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꏪꐦꑤ}} |Juo Jjop Xiep |251,836 |2,699 |93.30 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|喜德县}} |{{transl|zh|Xǐdé Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꑝꅇꑤ}} |Xit Ddop Xiep |165,906 |2,206 |75.20 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|冕宁县}} |{{transl|zh|Miǎnníng Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꍿꆈꑤ}} |Rruo Nuo Xiep |351,245 |4,423 |79.41 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|越西县}} |{{transl|zh|Yuèxī Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꃺꄧꑤ}} |Vyt Tuo Xiep |269,896 |2,257 |119.58 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|甘洛县}} |{{transl|zh|Gānluò Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꇤꇉꑤ}} |Ga Lo Xiep |195,100 |2,156 |90.49 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|美姑县}} |{{transl|zh|Měigū Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꂿꈬꑤ}} |Mo Ggu Xiep |221,505 |2,573 |86.08 |
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|{{lang|zh-Hans|雷波县}} |{{transl|zh|Léibō Xiàn}} |{{lang|ii|ꃀꁧꑤ}} |Mop Bbo Xiep |223,885 |2,932 |76.35 |
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|Muli Tibetan Autonomous County |{{lang|zh-Hans|木里藏族自治县}} |{{transl|zh|Mùlǐ Zàngzú |{{lang|ii|ꃆꆹꀒꋤꊨꏦꏱꅉꑤ}} |Mup Li Op Zzup Zyt Jie Jux Dde Xiep |131,726 |13,252 |9.94 |
Ethnic groups in Liangshan, 2010 census
border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;" |
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! Population ! Percentage |
Yi
| 2,226,755 | 49.13% |
Han
| 2,155,357 | 47.55% |
Tibetan
| 60,679 (2000) | 1.49% (2000) |
Mosuo and Mongol
| 27,277 (2000) | 0.67% (2000) |
Hui
| 18,385 (2000) | 0.45% (2000) |
Miao
| 11,912 (2000) | 0.29% |
Lisu
| 9,121 (2000) | 0.22% (2000) |
Buyei
| 5,459 (2000) | 0.13% (2000) |
Nakhi
| 5,199 (2000) | 0.13% (2000) |
Others
| 8,751 | 0.22% |
National Priority Protected Sites
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture contains 4 National Priority Protected Sites
- {{Ill|Dayangdui Site|zh|大洋堆遺址}}, added in 2006 as part of the {{Ill|6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites|zh|第六批全国重点文物保护单位}}{{Cite web |date=2006-05-25 |title=国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国重点文物保护单位的通知 |trans-title=State council announces 6th batch of National Priority protected sites |url=https://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2006-06/02/content_297818.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613063259/http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2006-06/02/content_297818.htm |archive-date=2006-06-13 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Chinese government}}
- {{Ill|Liangshan Dashi tombs|zh|涼山大石墓群}}, added in 2006 as part of the {{Ill|6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites|zh|第六批全国重点文物保护单位}}
- {{Ill|Wangsuo Dashi Tomb|zh|王所大石墓}}{{Cite web |title=探秘四川德昌大石墓:“邛人”捡骨葬至今仍存疑 |url=https://www.sunyat-sen.org/portal/article/index.html?id=51060&cid=78 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.sunyat-sen.org}}
- {{Ill|Wuhe Dashi tombs|zh|伍合大石墓}}{{Cite web |title=探秘四川大石墓:至今仍有未解之谜-中国新闻网 |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/m/cul/shipin/cns/2018/04-11/news763890.shtml |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.chinanews.com.cn}}
- {{Ill|Boshen Wahei Stone Carvings|zh|博什瓦黑石刻}}, added in 2006 as part of the {{Ill|6th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites|zh|第六批全国重点文物保护单位}}
- Tea Horse Road, added in 2013 as part of the {{Ill|7th Batch of National Priority Protected Sites|zh|第七批全国重点文物保护单位}}{{Cite web |title=国务院核定公布第七批全国重点文物保护单位 |url=https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-05/03/content_2395234.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230610065845/https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-05/03/content_2395234.htm |archive-date=2023-06-10 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.gov.cn}}
- {{Ill|Ganluo Qingxi Gorge ancient road|zh|零關古道清溪峽段}}{{Cite sign |title=全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 甘洛清溪古道 |date=2018-02-21 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%94%98%E6%B4%9B%E6%B8%85%E6%BA%AA%E5%B3%A1%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%9D%E7%A2%91.jpg |trans-title=National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Ganluo Qingxi Gorge ancient road}}
- Dingshan Bridge and Lingguan Inscriptions in Yuexi{{Cite sign |title=全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 茶马古道丁山桥及零关题记 |date=2019-02-09 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%8C%B6%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1%E6%A1%A5%E5%8F%8A%E9%9B%B6%E5%85%B3%E9%A2%98%E5%88%BB.jpg |trans-title=National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Dingshan Bridge and Lingguan Inscriptions in Yuexi}}
- {{Ill|Dengxiangying Ancient Post|zh|登相營古驛站}}{{Cite sign |title=全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 登相营古驿站 |date=2019-02-07 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%8C%B6%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E7%99%BB%E7%9B%B8%E8%90%A5%E5%8F%A4%E9%A9%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%9D%E7%A2%91.jpg |trans-title=National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Dengxiangying Ancient Post}}
- Yalong River Trails in Mianning{{Cite sign |title=全国重点文物保护单位 - 茶马古道 - 冕宁雅砻江古道南河段 |date=2019-02-08 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%8C%B6%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E5%86%95%E5%AE%81%E9%9B%85%E7%A0%BB%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E4%BB%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%B4%9E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%9D%E7%A2%91.jpg |trans-title=National priority protected site - Tea Horse Road - Mianing trail south river part}}
- Songping Pass{{Cite web |title=松坪关古韵长(行天下) |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2022-10/13/content_25943569.htm |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=paper.people.com.cn}}
See also
- Asteroid 121001 Liangshanxichang
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.lsz.gov.cn/ Official website of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture government]
{{Clear}}
{{Sichuan}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Yi autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}