Librem

In 2014, Purism launched a crowdfunding campaign on Crowd Supply to fund the creation and production of the Librem 15 laptop,{{Cite web|url=https://www.crowdsupply.com/purism/librem-15|title=Librem 15: A Laptop That Respects Your Rights|website=Crowd Supply|access-date=2018-10-25}} conceived as a modern alternative to existing open-source hardware laptops, all of which used older hardware.{{Cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/purism-librem-15-review|title=Purism Librem 15|website=Linux Journal|language=en|access-date=2018-10-25}}{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/23/purism-aims-to-build-a-philosophically-pure-laptop/|title=Purism Aims To Build A Philosophically Pure Laptop|work=TechCrunch|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2849795/purism-librem-15-linux-laptop-blends-high-end-hardware-with-totally-free-software.html|title=Purism Librem 15 Linux laptop blends high-end hardware with totally free software|work=PCWorld|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en}} The {{em|15}} in the name refers to its 15-inch screen size. The campaign succeeded after extending the original campaign,{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2873721/purisms-high-end-open-software-stuffed-librem-15-laptop-hits-crowdfunding-goal.html|title=Purism's high-end, open software-stuffed Librem 15 laptop hits crowdfunding goal|work=PCWorld|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en}} and the laptops were shipped to backers.{{Cite web|url=https://www.crowdsupply.com/purism/librem-15/updates/1605|title=Librem 15 Laptop: Shipping Update|website=Crowd Supply|date=2015-06-09}} In a second revision of the laptop, hardware kill switches for the camera, microphone, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth were added.

After the successful launch of the Librem 15, Purism created another campaign on Crowd Supply for a 13-inch laptop called the Librem 13,{{Cite web|url=https://www.crowdsupply.com/purism/librem-13|title=Librem 13: A Laptop That Respects Your Rights|website=Crowd Supply|access-date=2018-10-25}} which also came with hardware kill switches similar to those on the Librem 15v2.{{Cite news|url=https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/purism-puts-physical-kill-switches-latest-laptop|title=Purism Puts Physical Kill Switches on Latest Laptop|access-date=2018-10-25}} The campaign was again successful and the laptops were shipped to customers.{{Cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/purism-librem-13-review|title=Purism Librem 13 Review|website=Linux Journal|language=en|access-date=2018-10-25}}

Purism announced in December 2016 that it would start shipping from inventory rather than building to order with the new batches of Librem 15 and 13.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/growing-to-ship-from-inventory-in-2017/|title=Growing to Ship from Inventory in 2017|last=Weaver|first=Todd|date=2016-12-15|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-15}}

{{As of|2023|01}}, Purism has one laptop model in production, the Librem 14.{{Cite web |title=Librem 14 version 1 – Purism |url=https://shop.puri.sm/shop/librem-14/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |language=en-US}}

The Librem Mini is a small form factor desktop computer,{{Cite web|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/03/purism-librem-mini-linux-pc-specs-price|title=Purism Librem Mini is a FOSS-Focused Linux PC|website=OMG! Ubuntu!|date=18 March 2020 |access-date=2020-08-30}} which began shipping in June 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-mini-is-shipping/|title=Librem Mini is Shipping|website=Purism|date=23 June 2020 |access-date=2020-08-30}}

{{main|Librem 5}}

File:Phosh, the GNOME mobile shell, developed by Purism and GNOME (2018-05).jpg

On August 24, 2017, Purism started a crowdfunding campaign for the Librem 5, a smartphone aimed to run 100% free software, which would "[focus] on security by design and privacy protection by default". Purism claimed that the phone would become "the world's first ever IP-native mobile handset, using end-to-end encrypted decentralized communication." Purism cooperated with KDE and GNOME in its development of Librem 5.

Security features of the Librem 5 include separation of the CPU from the baseband processor,{{cite web |last1=Rankin |first1=Kyle |title=Lockdown Mode on the Librem 5: Beyond Hardware Kill Switches |website=Purism |url=https://puri.sm/posts/lockdown-mode-on-the-librem-5-beyond-hardware-kill-switches/ |date=11 March 2019}} which, according to Linux Magazine, makes the Librem 5 unique in comparison to other mobile phones. The Librem 5 also features hardware kill switches for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication and the phone's camera, microphone, and baseband processor.{{cite web |title=Purism Librem5 modem revealed, will provide LTE and GPS support |website=TuxPhones |url= https://tuxphones.com/purism-librem5-smartphone-gemalto-pls8-4g-lte-modem-bands-regions-speeds-gps/ |date=2 April 2019}}

The default operating system for the Librem 5 is Purism's PureOS, a Debian derivative. The operating system uses a new user interface called Phosh, based on Wayland, wlroots, GTK and GNOME middleware.{{cite web|url=https://developer.puri.sm/Librem5/Software_Reference/Environments/Phosh.html|title=Phosh|website=developer.puri.sm}} It is planned that Phosh/Plasma Mobile, Ubuntu Touch, and postmarketOS can also be installed on the phone.

The release of the Librem 5 has been postponed several times. In September 2018, Purism announced that the launch date of Librem 5 would be moved from January to April 2019, because of two hardware bugs and the holiday season in Europe and North America. The Librem 5's DevKits for software developers were shipped in December 2018. The launch date was later postponed to the third quarter because of the necessity of further CPU tests.{{cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/massive-progress-exact-cpu-selected-minor-shipping-adjustment/|title=Massive Progress, Exact CPU Selected & Minor Shipping Adjustment|last=Weaver|first=Todd|date=21 February 2019|website=Purism}} On September 24, 2019, Purism announced that the first batch of Librem 5 phones had started shipping.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/first-librem-5-smartphones-are-shipping/|title=First Librem 5 Smartphones are Shipping|last1=PurismBeautiful|last2=Secure|date=2019-09-24|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-20|last3=Laptops|first3=Privacy-Respecting|last4=Phones}} The finished version of the Librem 5, known as "Evergreen", was finally shipped on November 18, 2020.{{cite press release |last=Hamner |first=David |date=November 18, 2020 |title=Librem 5 Mass Production Phone Has Begun Shipping |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-mass-production-phone-has-begun-shipping |access-date=December 19, 2020}}

The Librem server is a rack mounted server, released to the public in December 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-server/|title=Librem Server|website=Purism|date=17 December 2019 |access-date=2020-08-30}}

Announced on 20 September 2018, the Librem Key is a hardware USB security token with multiple features, including integration with a tamper-evident Heads BIOS, which ensures that the Librem laptop Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) was not maliciously altered since the last laptop launch.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/introducing-the-librem-key/|title=Introducing the Librem Key|website=Purism|date=20 September 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-25}} The Librem Key also features one-time password storage with 3x HMAC-based One-time Password algorithm (HOTP) (RFC 4226) and 15 x Time-based One-time Password algorithm (TOTP) (RFC 6238) and an integrated password manager (16 entries), 40 kbit/s true random number generator, and a tamper-resistant smart card. The key supports type A USB 2.0, has dimensions of 48 x 19 x 7 mm, and weighs 6 g.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/products/librem-key/|title=Librem Key|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-25}}

{{main|PureOS}}

Initially planning to preload its Librem laptops with the Trisquel operating system,{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/production-and-shipping-update/|title=Production and Shipping Update|last=Rahl|first=Jon|date=2015-05-17|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-26}} Purism eventually moved off the Trisquel platform to Debian for the 2.0 release of its PureOS Linux operating system.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/weekly-update-on-librem-production-2015-09-18/|title=Weekly Update on Librem Production 2015-09-18|last=Weaver|first=Todd|date=2015-09-18|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-26}} As an alternative to PureOS, Librem laptops are purchasable with Qubes OS preinstalled.{{Cite web|title=Best Qubes Laptop is the Secure Librem 14|url=https://puri.sm/pages/best-qubes-laptop-is-the-secure-librem-14/|access-date=2022-02-13|website=Purism|language=en-US}} In December 2017, the Free Software Foundation added PureOS to its list of endorsed GNU/Linux distributions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-adds-pureos-to-list-of-endorsed-gnu-linux-distributions-1|title=FSF adds PureOS to list of endorsed GNU/Linux distributions|website=Free Software Foundation|language=en|access-date=2018-10-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=47784|title=OpenNews: Фонд СПО признал PureOS полностью свободным дистрибутивом|website=www.opennet.ru|access-date=2018-10-25}}

In 2015, Purism began research to port the Librem 13 to coreboot{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/freeing-the-bios-the-memory-init-stage/|title=Freeing the BIOS: Memory Init|last=Moberg|first=Larry|date=2015-07-20|website=Purism|access-date=2017-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105174255/https://puri.sm/posts/freeing-the-bios-the-memory-init-stage/|archive-date=2017-01-05|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/2015-08-14-librem-13-weekly-progress-update/|title=2015-08-14: Librem 13: Weekly BIOS Progress Update|last=Moberg|first=Larry|date=2015-08-14|website=Purism|access-date=2017-01-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/2015-08-21-librem-13-weekly-progress-update/|title=2015-08-21 Librem 13: Weekly BIOS Progress Update|last=Moberg|first=Larry|date=2015-08-21|website=Purism|access-date=2017-01-12}} but the effort was initially stalled. By the end of the year, a coreboot developer completed an initial port of the Librem 13 and submitted it for review.{{Cite web|url=https://review.coreboot.org/#/c/13026/|title=Gerrit Code Review|last=Laurie|first=Duncan|date=2015-12-22|website=review.coreboot.org|access-date=2017-01-12}} In December 2016, hardware enablement developer Youness Alaoui joined Purism and was tasked to complete the coreboot port for the original Librem 13 and prepare a port for the second revision of the device.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/diving-back-into-coreboot-development/|title=Diving back into coreboot development|last=Alaoui|first=Youness|date=2017-01-05|website=Purism|access-date=2017-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113171235/https://puri.sm/posts/diving-back-into-coreboot-development/|archive-date=2017-01-13|url-status=dead}} Since summer 2017, new Librem laptops are shipped with coreboot as their standard BIOS, and updates are available for all older models.{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/coreboot/|title=Downloading and installing coreboot on Purism Librem devices|website=Purism|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-02}}

Purism calls a collection of these six components, involved in the boot process, as PureBoot:{{Cite web|url=https://puri.sm/posts/pureboot-the-high-security-boot-process/|title=PureBoot, the High Security Boot Process|website=Purism|date=25 February 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2022-06-10}}

1. Neutralized and disabled Intel Management Engine{{Cite web |last= |date=2017-10-19 |title=Deep dive into Intel Management Engine disablement |url=https://puri.sm/posts/deep-dive-into-intel-me-disablement/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Purism |language=en-US}}
2. coreboot
3. A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip
4. Heads, which has tamper-evident features to detect when the BIOS or important boot files have been modified{{Cite web |title=Heads - Purism - Librem products documentation |url=https://docs.puri.sm/PureBoot/Heads.html#heads |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=docs.puri.sm}}
5. Librem Key, Purism's USB security token
6. Multi-factor authentication that unlocks disk encryption using the Librem Key

PureBoot protects the users from various attacks like theft, BIOS malware and kernel rootkits, vulnerabilities and malicious code in the Intel Management Engine, and interdiction.

{{Portal|Free and open-source software|Manufacturing}}

• Linux adoption
• System76
• Pine64
• Coreboot

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Paul |last2=Krales |first2=Amelia Holowaty |title=Librem 13 laptop review: physical security for the paranoid |date=2017-08-23 |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/8/23/16163906/librem-13-linux-laptop-review-security-kill-switches |publisher=The Verge |access-date=2018-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021114326/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/8/23/16163906/librem-13-linux-laptop-review-security-kill-switches |archive-date=2018-10-21 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last=Wallen |first=Jack |title=Purism Librem 13 review: This Linux-based laptop takes your privacy to the next level |publisher=TechRepublic |date=2018-03-26 |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/purism-librem-13-review-this-linux-based-laptop-takes-your-privacy-to-the-next-level/ |access-date=2018-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925021500/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/purism-librem-13-review-this-linux-based-laptop-takes-your-privacy-to-the-next-level/ |archive-date=2018-09-25 |url-status=live }}

{{cite news |last=Byfield |first=Bruce |title=Librem 5 and the Challenge of the Free Phone |publisher=Linux Magazine |year=2018 |url=http://www.linux-magazine.com/Online/Features/Librem-5-and-the-Challenge-of-the-Free-Phone |access-date=2018-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904033844/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/purism-librem-5-january-2019,37216.html |archive-date=2018-09-04 |url-status=live }}

{{cite web |last=Holwerda |first=Thom |title=Librem 5: a security and privacy focused GNU/Linux smartphone |publisher=OSNews |date=2017-08-24 |url=http://www.osnews.com/story/29979/Librem_5_a_security_and_privacy_focused_GNU_Linux_smartphone |access-date=2018-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829124356/http://www.osnews.com/story/29979/Librem_5_a_security_and_privacy_focused_GNU_Linux_smartphone |archive-date=2018-08-29 |url-status=live }}

{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Ardash |title=Open Source Smartphone Librem 5 Will Officially Support Ubuntu Touch |publisher=Fossbytes |date=2018-04-25 |url=https://fossbytes.com/librem-5-ubuntu-touch-support |access-date=2018-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143819/https://fossbytes.com/librem-5-ubuntu-touch-support/ |archive-date=2018-06-12 |url-status=live }}

{{cite web |last=Faerber |first=Nicole |title=Progress update from the Librem 5 hardware department |publisher=Purism, SPC |date=2018-09-04 |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem5-2018-09-hardware-report/ |access-date=2018-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014141736/https://puri.sm/posts/librem5-2018-09-hardware-report/ |archive-date=2018-10-14 |url-status=live }}

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• [https://puri.sm/products/librem-5/ Official website]

{{Linux devices}}

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