Librem 5

On August 24, 2017, Purism started a crowdfunding campaign for the Librem 5,{{Cite web |url= https://puri.sm/posts/purism-launches-librem-5-smartphone-campaign/ |title=Purism Unveils Plans to Build Librem 5, the World's First Encrypted, Open Smartphone Ecosystem Giving Users Complete Device Control |date=24 Aug 2017 |website=Purism }}{{Cite news |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/10/21/purism_cleanses_laptops_of_intel_management_engine/ |title=Wanna exorcise Intel's secretive hidden CPU from your hardware? Meet Purism's laptops |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=21 Oct 2017 |website=The Register |access-date=2019-11-15}} a smartphone aimed not only to run purely on free software provided in PureOS but to "[focus] on security by design and privacy protection by default". Purism claimed that the phone would become "the world's first ever IP-native mobile handset, using end-to-end encrypted decentralized communication".{{cite web |title=Librem 5 |url=https://shop.puri.sm/shop/librem-5/ |publisher=Purism |quote=The Librem 5 phone will be the world’s first ever IP-native mobile handset, using end-to-end encrypted decentralized communication over the Internet.}} Purism has cooperated with GNOME in its development of the Librem 5 software. It is planned that KDE and Ubuntu Touch will also be offered as optional interfaces.{{Cite news |url= https://www.zdnet.com/article/ubuntu-touch-lives-on-in-purisms-librem-5-smartphone/ |title=Ubuntu Touch lives on in Purism's Librem 5 smartphone |first=Steven |last=Vaughan-Nichols |date=2018-04-24 |accessdate=2019-10-08 |website=ZDNet}}

The release of the Librem 5 was delayed several times. It was originally planned to launch in January 2019. Purism announced on September 4, 2018 that the launch date would be postponed until April 2019,{{Cite news |url= https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-phone-battery-bug-purisms-librem-5-delayed-until-april-2019/ |title=Linux phone battery bug: Purism's Librem 5 delayed until April 2019 |first=Liam |last=Tung |date=2018-09-05 |accessdate=2019-10-08 |website=ZDNet}} due to two power management bugs in the silicon and the Europe/North America holiday season. Development kits for software developers, which were shipped out in December 2018{{Cite web |url=https://puri.sm/posts/2018-devkits-are-shipping/ |title=Librem 5 dev kits are shipping! |author=Sriram Ramkrishna |date=2018-12-18 |website=Purism}} were unaffected by the bugs, since developers normally connect the device to a power outlet rather than rely on the phone battery. In February, the launch date was postponed again to the third quarter of 2019, because of the necessity of further CPU tests.{{cite web |url= https://puri.sm/posts/massive-progress-exact-cpu-selected-minor-shipping-adjustment/ |title=Massive Progress, Exact CPU Selected & Minor Shipping Adjustment |first1=Todd |last1=Weaver |date=2019-02-21 |accessdate=2019-10-08}}

Specifications and pre-orders, for $649, to increase to $699, were announced in July 2019.{{Cite web |url=https://itsfoss.com/librem-5-available/ |title=Linux Smartphone Librem 5 is Available for Preorder |website=It's Foss |date=August 2019 |access-date=2019-11-04}} On September 5, 2019, Purism announced that shipping was scheduled to occur later that month, but that it would be done as an "iterative" process.{{cite web |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-shipping-announcement |title=Librem 5 Shipping Announcement |author=Weaver, Todd |publisher=Purism |date=September 5, 2019 |access-date=January 8, 2020}} The iterative release plan included the announcement of six different "batches" of Librem 5 releases, of which the first four would be limited pre-production models. Each consecutive batch, which consisted of different arboreal-themed code names and release dates, would feature hardware, mechanical, and software improvements. Purism contacted each customer that had pre-ordered to allow them to choose which batch they'd prefer to receive. Pre-mass production batches, in order of release, included code names "Aspen", "Birch", "Chestnut", and "Dogwood". The fifth batch, "Evergreen", would be the official mass-production model, while the sixth batch, "Fir", would be the second mass-production model.

On September 24, 2019, Purism announced that the first batch of limited-production Librem 5 phones (Aspen) had started shipping.{{Cite web |url= https://puri.sm/posts/first-librem-5-smartphones-are-shipping/ |title=First Librem 5 Smartphones are Shipping |date=2019-09-24 |accessdate=2019-10-08 |website=Purism}}{{Cite news |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |title=Purism's Librem 5 phone starts shipping—a fully open GNU/Linux phone |website=Ars Technica |date=2019-09-26 |url= https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/09/purisms-librem-5-phone-starts-shipping-a-fully-open-gnulinux-phone/ |accessdate=2019-10-08}} A video of an early phone was produced{{Cite news |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Librem-5-In-Use-Video |title=Purism Shows Off The Librem 5 Linux Smartphone In Action |website=Phoronix |accessdate=2019-11-04}} and a shipping and status update was released soon after.{{Cite news |title=Purism Provides Update On Librem 5 Shipping, Known Issues |website=Phoronix |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Librem-5-Post-Aspen-Update |accessdate=2019-11-04}}{{Cite news |last=Medley |first=Sam |title=Hands-on video of the Librem 5 Linux phone shows improvements, but there is a lot of work left to do |website=Notebookcheck |url= https://www.notebookcheck.net/Hands-on-video-of-the-Librem-5-Linux-phone-shows-improvements-but-there-is-a-lot-of-work-left-to-do.438741.0.html |accessdate=2019-11-04}} However, it was later reported that the Aspen batch had been shipped only to employees and developers. On November 22, 2019, it was reported that the second batch (Birch) would consist of around 100 phones and would be in the hands of backers by the first week of December.{{Cite news |last=Salter |first=Jim |title=The Librem 5 has been "shipping" for a month—but not to backers |website=Ars Technica |date=2019-11-22 |url= https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/11/the-librem-5-has-been-shipping-for-a-month-but-not-to-backers/ |accessdate=2019-11-22}} In December 2019, Jim Salter of Ars Technica reported "prototype" devices were being received; however, they were not really a "phone" yet. There was no audio when attempting to place a phone call (which was fixed with a software update a few weeks later{{Cite web |url= https://forums.puri.sm/t/is-phone-call-audio-working-for-birch-devices-now-maybe-after-these-fixes/8103 |title=Is phone call audio working for Birch devices now? (maybe after these fixes?)|date=2019-12-11 |accessdate=2022-08-25 |website=Purism community}}), and cameras didn't work yet.{{Cite news |last=Salter |first=Jim |title=Librem 5 backers have begun receiving their Linux phones |website=Ars Technica |date=2019-12-02 |url= https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/12/librem-5-backers-receiving-their-linux-phones/ |access-date=2020-01-05}} Reports of the third batch of limited pre-mass-production models (Chestnut) being received by customers and reviewers occurred in January 2020.{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/01/librem-5-phone-hands-on-a-proof-of-concept-for-the-open-source-smartphone |title=Librem 5 phone hands-on—Open source phone shows the cost of being different | last = Amadeo | first = Ron |publisher=Ars Technica |date=January 24, 2020 |access-date=January 8, 2021}} By May 2020, TechRadar reported that the call quality was fine, though the speaker mode was "a bit quiet", and volume adjustment did not work. According to TechRadar, the 3 to 5-hour battery time and the inability of the phone to charge while turned on was "A stark reminder of the Librem 5's beta status".{{cite news |last=Cawley |first=Christian |title=Librem 5 review |work=TechRadar |date=May 4, 2020 |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/librem-5 |accessdate=13 August 2020}}

On November 18, 2020, Purism announced via press release that they had begun shipping the finished version of the Librem 5, known as "Evergreen".{{cite press release |last=Hamner |first=David |date=November 18, 2020 |title=Librem 5 Mass Production Phone Has Begun Shipping |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-mass-production-phone-has-begun-shipping |access-date=December 19, 2020}}{{cite web |url=https://9to5linux.com/purisms-librem-5-mass-production-linux-phone-begins-shipping-to-customers |title=Purism's Librem 5 Mass Production Linux Phone Begins Shipping to Customers |author=Nestor, Marius |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=9to5Linux |accessdate=December 19, 2020}} Following its release, in December 2019, Purism announced that it will offer a "Librem 5 USA" version of the phone for the price of $1999, which is assembled in the United States for extra supply chain security.{{Cite news |last=Humphries |first=Matthew |title=American-Made Librem 5 Phone Costs $1,999 |website=PCMAG |date=December 6, 2019 |url= https://www.pcmag.com/news/372399/american-made-librem-5-phone-costs-1-999 |accessdate=2020-01-05}} According to Purism CEO Todd Weaver, "having a secure auditable US based supply chain including parts procurement, fabrication, testing, assembly, and fulfillment all from within the same facility is the best possible security story."{{Cite web |last=Rankin |first=Kyle |title=Librem 5 USA |website=Purism |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-usa/ |date=December 5, 2019}}

File:Librem5 headphone jack.png

The Librem 5 features an i.MX 8M Quad Core processor with an integrated GPU which supports OpenGL 3.0, OpenGL ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.0 and OpenCL 1.2 with default drivers;{{cite web |url= https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/07/purism-librem-5-specs-confirmed |title=Purism Confirm Final Specs for the Librem 5|date=29 July 2019 }} however, since the driver used is the open source Etnaviv driver, it currently only supports OpenGL 2.1 and OpenGL ES 2.0.{{cite news |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Etnaviv-Nearly-At-OpenGL-2.0 |title=Etnaviv Gallium3D Is Almost To OpenGL 2.0 Compliance}} It has 3 GB of RAM, 32 GB of eMMC storage, a 13 MP rear camera, and an 8 MP front camera. The left side of the phone features three hardware kill switches, which cut power to the camera and microphone, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modem, and the baseband modem.{{cite web |title=Purism Librem5 modem revealed, will provide LTE and GPS support |website=TuxPhones |url= https://tuxphones.com/purism-librem5-smartphone-gemalto-pls8-4g-lte-modem-bands-regions-speeds-gps/ |date=2 April 2019}}) The device uses a USB-C connector for charging. The 144 mm (5.7-inch) IPS display has a resolution of 1440×720 pixels. It also has a 3.5 mm TRRS headphone/mic jack, a single SIM slot, and a microSD card slot.

The Librem 5 is powered by a lithium-ion battery. The capacity of the battery was 2000 mAh in earliest development batches,{{cite web |url= https://docs.puri.sm/Librem_5/Known_Issues/Birch.html |title=Birch - Purism - Librem products documentation}} which was increased to 4500 mAh in the mass-production batch. The battery is designed to be user-replaceable. The battery is unique to Librem 5 and cannot be replaced by any other battery type. In addition, Purism ships replacement batteries only within the US unless combined with another device.{{cite web |url= https://shop.puri.sm/shop/librem-5-evergreen-battery/ |title=Librem 5 (Evergreen) Battery – Purism}}

File:Librem5 Azdle 09 desktop.jpg]]

The hardware features three hardware kill switches that physically cut off power from both cameras and the microphone, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and baseband processor, respectively. Further precautionary measures can be used with Lockdown Mode, which, in addition to powering off the cameras, microphone, WiFi, Bluetooth and cellular baseband, also cuts power to the GNSS, IMU, ambient light and proximity sensor. This is possible due to the fact that these components are not integrated into the system on a chip (SoC) like they are in conventional smartphones. Instead, the cellular baseband and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth components are located on two replaceable M.2 cards, which means that they can be changed to support different wireless standards.{{cite web |last1=Rankin |first1=Kyle |title=Lockdown Mode on the Librem 5: Beyond Hardware Kill Switches |website=Purism |url=https://puri.sm/posts/lockdown-mode-on-the-librem-5-beyond-hardware-kill-switches/ |date=11 March 2019}} The kill switch to cut the circuit to the microphone will prevent the 3.5 mm audio jack being used for acoustic cryptanalysis.{{Cite news |first=Lee |last=Mathews |title=Now Hackers Can Spy On You By Listening To Your Screen |website=Forbes |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/leemathews/2018/08/31/now-hackers-can-spy-on-you-by-listening-to-your-screen/ |date=2018-08-31 |accessdate=2019-03-13}}

In place of an integrated mobile SoC found in most smartphones, the Librem 5 uses six separate chips: i.MX 8M Quad, Silicon Labs RS9116, Broadmobi BM818 / Gemalto PLS8, STMicroelectronics Teseo-LIV3F, Wolfson Microelectronics WM8962, and Texas Instruments bq25895.

The downside to having dedicated chips instead of an integrated system-on-chip is that it takes more energy to operate separate chips, and the phone's circuit boards are much larger. On the other hand, using separate components means longer support from the manufacturers than with mobile SoCs, which have short support timelines.{{Cite web |last=Batto |first=Amos |title=Adding kill switches to protect your privacy is not as simple as you might think |date=2020-08-15 |url= https://amosbbatto.wordpress.com/2019/08/15/adding-switches-not-simple/ |accessdate=2020-09-03}} According to Purism, the Librem 5 is designed to avoid planned obsolescence and will receive lifetime software updates.{{Cite web |last=Rankin |first=Kyle |title=Librem 5 Longevity: Solving The Problem of Disposable Technology |website=Purism |url= https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-longevity-solving-the-problem-of-disposable-technology/ |date=2020-05-14 |accessdate=2020-09-03}}

The Librem 5 is the first phone to contain a smartcard reader, in which an OpenPGP card can be inserted for secure cryptographic operations. Purism plans to use OpenPGP cards to implement storage of GPG keys, disk unlocking, secure authentication, a local password vault, protection of sensitive files, user persons, and travel persons.{{Cite web |last=Rankin |first=Kyle |title=Your Own Personal Enclave: The Smart Card Reader on the Librem 5 |website=Purism |date=2020-08-15 |url= https://puri.sm/posts/your-own-personal-enclave-the-smart-card-reader-on-the-librem-5/ |access-date=2020-09-03}}

To promote better security, all the source code in the root file system is free/open source software and can be reviewed by the user. Purism publishes the schematics of the Librem 5's printed circuit boards (PCBs) under the GPL 3.0+ license,{{Cite web |title=Librem 5 schematic |url=https://source.puri.sm/Librem5/l5-schematic |website=source.puri.sm |accessdate=2020-09-03}} and publishes x-rays of the phone,{{Cite web |title=Librem 5 Phone – Birch |website=developer.puri.sm |url= https://developer.puri.sm/Librem5/Hardware_Reference/Birch.html#x-rays |accessdate=2020-09-03}} so that the user can verify that there haven't been any changes to the hardware, such as inserted spy chips.{{Cite web |last=Packham |first=Sean |title=A Different Kind of Transparency |website=Purism |date=2019-12-02 |url=https://puri.sm/posts/a-different-kind-of-transparency/ |accessdate=2020-09-03}}

{{See also|Phosh}}

File:Phosh, the GNOME mobile shell, developed by Purism and GNOME (2018-05).jpg |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem5-progress-report-11/ |accessdate=30 May 2020}} the GNOME mobile shell, developed by Purism and GNOME (2018-05)]]

The Librem 5 ships with Purism's PureOS, a Debian GNU/Linux derivative. The operating system uses a new mobile user interface developed by Purism called Phosh, a portmanteau from "phone shell". It is based on Wayland, wlroots, GTK 3, and GNOME.{{cite web |title=Phosh |url= https://developer.puri.sm/Librem5/Software_Reference/Environments/Phosh.html |website=developer.puri.sm}} Unlike other mobile Linux interfaces, such as Ubuntu Touch and KDE Plasma Mobile, Phosh is based on tight integration with the desktop Linux software stack, which Purism developers believe will make it easier to maintain in the long-term and incorporate into existing desktop Linux distributions. Phosh has been packaged in a number of desktop distros (Debian, Arch, Manjaro, Fedora and openSUSE) and is used by eight of the sixteen Linux ports for the PinePhone.{{cite web |last=Batto |first=Amos |title=The strategic advantages of Phosh for mobile Linu |publisher=WordPress |url=https://amosbbatto.wordpress.com/2020/08/05/advantages-of-phosh/ |date=5 August 2020}}

The phone is a convergence device:{{cite web |last1=Jose |first1=Manuel |title=Purism: A Linux OS is talking Convergence again |url=https://www.techdrivein.com/2019/03/purism-linux-os-convergence.html |year=2019}}{{cite news |last=Larabel |first=Michael |title=Purism's PureOS Proclaims Convergence Success For Mobile & Desktop Support |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PureOS-Convergence |website=Phoronix}} if connected to a keyboard, monitor, and mouse, it can run Linux applications as a desktop computer would. Many desktop Linux applications can run on the phone as well, albeit possibly without a touch-friendly UI.

File:Librem5 phone convergence - screen keyboard mouse.jpg

Purism is taking a unique approach to convergence by downsizing existing desktop software to reuse it in a mobile environment. Purism has developed the libhandy library (now replaced with Libadwaita) to make GTK software adaptive so its interface elements adjust to smaller mobile screens.{{cite web|last=Plazas |first=Adrian |title=The New libhandy 0.0.10 |website=Purism |url= https://wp.puri.sm/posts/the-new-libhandy-0-0-10/ |date=17 June 2019}} In contrast, other companies such as Microsoft and Samsung with Ubuntu (and Canonical before Unity8) tried to achieve convergence by having separate sets of software for the mobile and desktop PC environments. Most iOS apps, Android apps and Plasma Mobile's Kirigami implement convergence by upsizing existing mobile apps to use them in a desktop interface.

Purism claims that the "Librem 5 will be the first ever Matrix-powered smartphone, natively using end-to-end encrypted decentralised communication in its dialer and messaging app".{{cite web |title=Librem 5 |website=Purism |url=https://puri.sm/products/librem-5/ |accessdate=9 October 2019}}{{cite news |title=The Librem 5 from Purism: A Matrix Native Smartphone. |url= https://matrix.org/blog/2017/08/24/the-librem-5-from-purism-a-matrix-native-smartphone |work=Matrix.org blog}}

Purism was unable to find a free/open-source cellular modem, so the phone uses a modem with proprietary hardware, but isolates it from the rest of the components rather than having it integrated with the system on a chip (SoC). This prevents code on the modem from being able to read or modify data going to and from the SoC.{{cite web |last=Faerber |first=Nicole |title=Progress update from the Librem 5 hardware department |website=Purism |url=https://puri.sm/posts/librem5-2018-09-hardware-report/ |date=4 September 2018}}

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