List of Cyathus species

File:2012-10-22 Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Willd 274333 crop.jpg is the type species of genus Cyathus.]]

Cyathus is a genus of fungi in the family Nidulariaceae. Along with the genera Crucibulum, Mycocalia, Nidula and Nidularia, they are known collectively as the bird's nest fungi due to their small nest-like fruiting bodies containing egg-shaped peridioles. The genus Cyathus was monographed by mycologist Lloyd (1906), and later Brodie (1975, 1984), and their species concepts, especially those of Brodie (1975), are followed by most mycologists.

Taxonomic characters

Image:Cyathus striatus Buller.jpg

The differentiation of Cyathus species is based on observable characters, such as fruiting body shape, coverings and plications of peridia, and microscopic characteristics such as the anatomy of peridioles, and the size and shape of basidiospores. The following characters are used to help identify Cyathus species:

Shape
Size
Color
Peridium
Plication means being folded in pleats.
Setae are rigid bristles made of compacted hyphae that are sometimes found at the mouth of the peridium.
The emplacement is the rounded mass of hyphae at the lower, narrow end of the fruiting body which attaches it to the growing surface.

Microscopic characters

Tunica: a thin membrane that is the outermost covering layer of the peridioles.
Cortex: in this article, the cortex refers to the tissue layer comprising the wall of the peridiole.
Spores:

Species

The following list of species is compiled from Brodie's monograph (1975) and subsequent revision (1984), as well as articles written since then describing new species or reducing others to synonymy.

File:Cyathus helenae.jpg

File:Cyathus olla.jpg

File:Cyathus poeppigii.jpg

File:Teuerling.jpg

Species authority !rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;"\|Distribution !rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;"\|Dimensions (mm tall × mm wide) !rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;"\|Characteristics !rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;"\|Spore size (μm) shape
class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;"\|Etymology
C. africanusBrodie HJ. (1967). "Cyathus africanus, a previously undescribed Bird's Nest Fungus". Canadian Journal of Botany 45: 1653–6. H.J. Brodie (1967) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|4–6 × 6–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|experidium not plicate, woolly, hairs of equal length knotted into tight curls; endoperidium smooth with faint or irregular ridges; peridioles 2–2.5 mm in diameter, silvery with tunica \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6.5–8.5 × 8.5–12 ovoid, with a distinct apiculus
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. African
C. amazonicus{{cite journal \|doi=10.5248/110.73 \|vauthors=Trierveiler-Pereira L, Gomes-Silva AC, Beseia IG \|year=2009 \|title=Notes on gasteroid fungi of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest \|journal=Mycotaxon \|volume=110 \|pages=73–80\|doi-access=free }} Trierveiler-pereira & Baseia (2009) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Brazil \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|9–11 × 5–7 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|experidium finely plicate, woolly, hairs yellowish brown; endoperidium distinctly plicate; peridioles 2–3 × 1.2–2 mm, dark gray and shiny \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|14–19 × 12–16 subglobose
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. Amazon
C. annulatusBrodie HJ. (1970). A previously unnamed species of Cyathus from the Cypress Hills, Alberta". Canadian Journal of Botany 48: 749–50. H.J. Brodie (1970) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Cypress Hills (Canada) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–10 × 7–12Brodie, p. 179. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|pale brown, covered on exoperidium with tomentum; basal emplacement small and inconspicuous; endoperidium pale buff, shiny, lightly striate; lip of peridium with deep brown ring 0.5 mm wide; peridioles 1.5–1.75 mm, roughly triangular with shiny tunica \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|15.5–17 × 15–19 ellipsoid to ovate or roughly spherical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. badius Kobayasi (1937) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Japan \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8–10 × 6–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium dark brown, fruiting bodies arising from wooly base 3–mm in diameter; peridioles lenticular, 2.3 mm long by 2 mm wide by 0.6–0.9 mm thick, silvery-lead colored, with tunica.Brodie, p. 160. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|15–18 × 11–13
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. badius (dull brown)
C. berkeleyanus (Tul. & C. Tul.) Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Widespread distribution in the tropics: West Indies, Florida, Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil, Hawaiian Islands \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–8 × 4–6Brodie, p. 178. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium hairy in fresh specimens, but wears off in age, leaving surface smooth and plicate; inner surface variably plicate; peridioles dark brown, 1.5–3 mm in diameter; typically elliptical, with a thin tunica. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–9 × 4–7
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. bulleriBrodie HJ. (1967). "Cyathus bulleri, a hitherto undescribed fungus of the Nidulariaceae from the West Indies". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 94: 68–71. H.J. Brodie (1967) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|West Indies, Hawaiian Islands, Mexico \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–9 × 5–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium with fine tomentum and long, converging downward-pointing hairs, plicate in upper third; ectoperidal surface plicate, silvery; epiphragm white with vertical tufts of hyphae; peridioles 2–2.5 mm in diameter with thick tunica, silvery when fresh, dark-brown when old. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–8.5 spherical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. cannaLloyd CG. (1906). "The Nidulariaceae". Mycological Writings 2:1–30. Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Tropical locales: Jamaica, Costa Rica, Barbados, Mexico, Mauritius \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–8 × 6–8Brodie, p. 158. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium dark brown, scabrous with short tomentum; endoperidial surface smooth, white; peridioles with thin tunica on upper side. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–9 roughly spherical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. from Gr. canna (a reed)
C. chevalieri Har. & Pat. (1909) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Oubangui \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Up to 20 × 5–7Brodie, p. 177. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Resembles C. striatus \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8 × 5 ovoid
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. colensoi Berk. (1855) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|New Zealand, Australia \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–7 × 5–6Brodie, p. 156. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Cups bell-shaped, smooth with fine hairs pressed down on exoperidium; peridioles approximately 2 mm \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Some ellipsoid, 10–12 × 8–10; some subglobose, 9–12
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|W. Colenso
C. confusus Tai & Hung (1948) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Yunnan (China) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|11–17 × 5–9 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exterior surface light cinnamon colored, shaggy; interior surface light buff, smooth; tunica thick. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–10 × 5–6.4 elliptic or narrowly obovate
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. confusus (confused)
C. cornucopiodesRen W, Zhou TX. (1992). "New species and new variety of Cyathus". Acta Mycologica Sinica 11: 23–7. T.X. Zhou & W. Ren (1992) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. costatus Lloyd (1936) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Puerto Rico \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|2.5–3 mm diameterBrodie, p. 172. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium covered with dark, strigose hairs, ribbed, plicate; peridioles small (1 mm), black. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|16–× 5– elliptical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. costatus (ribbed)
C. crassimurusBrodie HJ. (1971). "Cyathus crassimurus sp. nov from Hawaii". Canadian Journal of Botany 49: 1609 11. H.J. Brodie (1971) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Hawaii \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5 × 6–7 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Golden colored, plicate, external hairs; radially wrinkled dark brown peridioles. Has a two-layered cortex and long narrow spores.Brodie, p. 181. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|17–20 × 11–12 ellipsoid, very thick-walled (2.5–4 μm)
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. crassus (thick) murus (wall)
C. crispus H.J. Brodie (1974)Brodie HJ. (1974). "Cyathus crispus, a new species from Ghana". Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 1661–3. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Ghana \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Golden-colored, plicate peridia covered on external surface with curls of hyphal hairs \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. earlei Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Tropical or subtropical: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Hawaii \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–7 × 8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Dark brown exterior, silvery (almost white) interior surface; tomentum of short hairs; peridioles up to 2 mm wide, thin tunica on upper sideBrodie, pp. 157–7. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|12 × 10 to 22 × 12Brodie, p. 157.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|F.S. Earle
C. ellipsoideus H.J. Brodie (1974)Brodie HJ. (1974). "A new plicate Cyathus from India".Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 247–9. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Mysore India \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Pale colored and plicate; has peridioles and spores with an ellipsoidal outline. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. elmeri Bres. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Philippines \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–10 × 7–9Brodie, p. 167. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Peridioles ash-grey, powdery, 1.3–1.5 mm in diameter; thin tunica (100–150 μm thick). \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|18–22 × 10–12 ellipsoidal
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|A.D.E. Elmer
C. fimicola Berk. (1881) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Puerto Rico, Mexico \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|2–3 × 4–5 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Pale, with strigose matted hairs; peridioles small, black, 1.5 mm \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8 × 16Brodie, pp. 169–70.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Venezuela \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|153 × 5–6 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Narrow, conic, dark brown, inner surface striate, out surface only faintly striate; peridioles black, 3 mm with thick outer wall. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|20–32 roughly spherical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|C. Gay
C. gracilisBrodie HJ. (1973). "A new species of Cyathus from the Philippines". Canadian Journal of Botany 51: 1393–4. H.J. Brodie (1973) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Luzon (Philippines); Brazil \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|4–7 × 8–10 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Peridium slender, obconic, thin-walled (0.2–0.4 mm); outer surface umber- or rust-colored and covered with conical tufts of hairs, not plicate, inner surface same color as outer or lighter; epiphragm pale buff with brown hairs; peridioles 2 mm in diameter, circular.Brodie, p.165–6. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|20 × 10 ellipsoidal
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. gracilis (slender)
C. griseocarpusBrodie HJ. (1984). More bird's best fungi (Nidulariaceae) (A Supplement to 'The bird's best fungi'). Lejeunia Revue de Botanique, Nouvelle série Nº 112. H.J. Brodie (1984) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. helenae H.J. Brodie (1966) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Alpine and boreal, and dry areas of Idaho; Brazil \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|15–19 × 12–14
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. hirtulus B. Liu & Y.M. Li (1989) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|18–25.5 × 7.5–9
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. hookeriHooker (1854). Journal of Botany 6: 204. Berk. (1854) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|India, New Zealand, Yunnan (China) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|up to 14 × 10Brodie, p. 159. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Bell-shaped \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|J. Hooker
C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|West Indies, Florida, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Philippines \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8–9 × 7–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Pale fawn color, when young covered with tomentum organized in nodules; peridioles about 2 mm in diameter, with a thin tunica. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|10–× 16 ellipticalBrodie, p. 166.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. inter (middle) and medius (middle)
C. jiayuguanensis J. Yu, T.X. Zhou & L.Z. Zhao (2002) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. julietae H.J. Brodie (1967) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Jamaica \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–8 × 7–8Brodie, p. 161. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Pale brown or yellow, obconic with straight sides, thin-walled; exoperidium not plicate, covered with very fine hairs; inside wall smooth, glossy; narrow basal emplacement; epiphragm pale brown or yellowish; peridioles black, elliptical, wrinkled on upper surface, 1.5–1.75 mm long; thin tunica, single-layered cortex. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–9 × 5–7 subglobose to ellipsoid, thin-walled.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. from the name Juliet
C. lanatus (H.J. Brodie) R.L. Zhao (2007){{cite journal \|vauthors=Zhao RL, Jeewon R, Desjardin DE, Soytong K, Hyde KD \|title=Ribosomal DNA phylogenies of Cyathus: is the current infrageneric classification appropriate? \|journal=Mycologia \|volume=99 \|issue=3 \|pages=385–95 \|year=2007 \|pmid=17883030 \|doi= 10.3852/mycologia.99.3.385}} \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. lijiangensisZhou TX, Zhao LZ, Zhao RL, Chen YH. (2004). "Bird's nest fungi from China". Fungal Diversity 17: 243–51. T.X. Zhou & R.L. Zhao (2004) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–9 × 3–6 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Obconic or funnel-shaped, outer surface covered by greyish-white hairs and narrow tufts, plicate externally and internally, lip not setose; peridioles 1.5–2 × 1.5–1.8 mm, depressed, mostly round or ellipsoid. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|15.5–18.5 × 11–15
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|British Guiana, West Indies, China, India, Africa, South America, Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Islands \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–10 × 6–7 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Dark brown color, inner and outer surfaces plicate; peridioles 2 mm wide or more, deep brown to black, shiny. Synonymous with C. cheliensis \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|16–22 × 10–12
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. limbatus (bordered, or fringed)
C. luxiensisChen YH, Yu J, Zhou TX. (2003). "A new species, a new variety and a new Chinese record of Cyathus". Mycosystema 22: 345–8. T.X. Zhou, J. Yu & Y. Hui Chen (2003) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. microsporus Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|San Domingo, Cuba, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Hawaii, Florida \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–7 × 6–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Obconic, exoperidium no plicate, at times hairy; endoperidium smooth or with faint ridges, but not plicate; peridioles black, about 2 mmBrodie, p. 157–8. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–6 × 4
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Gr. mikros (small) and spora (seed)
C. minimus Pat. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|4–5 × 4 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium covered with hairs pressed-down. Interior surface smooth. Peridioles approximately 1 mm, with a thin tunica. Single-layered cortex, 50 μm thick. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|18–20 × 10–12
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. minimus (smallest)
C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Brazil, West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, Congo, Philippines, Thailand \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–10 × 8Brodie, p. 176. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|dark brown, fading with age, outside hirsute, faintly plicate; inside walls widely plicate, silvery-colored Peridioles are black and shiny, with a thin tunica, cortex one-layered but may appear two-layered \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|20 × 12 ellipsoid
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| for Jean P. Montagne, French mycologist
C. nigroalbus Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Samoa, Fiji \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. novae-zeelandiae Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|New Zealand \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. olivaceobrunneus Tai & Hung (1948) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Yunnan (China) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7–8 × 6Brodie, p. 173. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|16–19 × 8.6–10 ellipitic, rounded at both ends
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. oliva (olive) and brunneus (brown)
C. olla (Batsch) Pers. (1801) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Common, widespread \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|10–15 × 8–10 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Flared outwards towards the mouth; exoperidium grey, fine-textured; endoperidium smooth; peridioles large, up to 3.5 wide, irregularly shaped, with tunica.Brodie, p. 155. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|10–14 × 6–8
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. olla (pot)
C. pallidus Berk. & M.A. Curtis (1868) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|West Indies, Mexico, South America (Brazil and Peru), United States (Georgia and Florida), Hawaiian Islands \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–7 × 5–7 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Crucible shaped, pale buff-colored; thin and friable peridium walls; exoperidium covered with long down-ward-bent hairs; peridioles dark grey to black; 2 mm diameter; with a thin tunica. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|7.5–15 × 4–8.5 Mostly ellipsoid.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. pallidus (pale-colored)
C. pictusBrodie HJ. (1971). "Cyathus pictus, a large-spored bird's nest fungus from Mexico". Canadian Journal of Botany 49: 1613–4. H.J. Brodie (1971) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Mexico \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8–9 × 5 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Outer surface with fine hairs clumped into small mounds; cinnamon brown when dry, dark brown when moist; the mouth has a distinct red-brown band (0.2–0.3 mm wide) immediately below the rim; inside wall smooth, not plicate, lead-grey; emplacement large (7 mm); peridioles situated deep in cup, black, irregular shape (1.75–2 mm wide × 2–2.5 mm long), with depression on upper side; no tunica. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|26–32 globose
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. picted (painted)
C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul. (1844) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Warm countries: West Indies, South America, Hawaiian Islands, Asia, Africa, China, Florida \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|6–8 × 6 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Narrowly obconic, felty or shaggy, reddish brown to dark brown, almost black in age; both inner and outer surface deeply fluted or plicate; peridioles black and shiny. Synonymous with C. megasporus \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|30–42 × 20–28 ellipticalBrodie, p. 171.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Poeppig, the collector
C. pullus Tai & Hung (1948)Tai FL, Hung. (1948). Science Reports of the Tsinghua University Ser. B 3(2): 160. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Yunnan China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. pygmaeus Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|United States: Washington State, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, California; Santiago (Chile) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|4–4.5 × 3.5–4 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Exoperidium greyish brown, smooth, with appressed hairs; peridioles about 1 mm, with thin tunica. Synonymous with C. gansuensis \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|12–14 × 8–9
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. pygmaeus (dwarf)
C. renweii T.X. Zhou & R.L. Zhao (2004) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8–10 × 5–6 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Obconic or cup-shaped; outer surface brownish, with yellowish to pinkish hairs and narrow tufts, strongly plicate; peridioles 2 mm diameter \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|21–31 × 10.5–13.5 ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. rudis Pat. (1924) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|New Caledonia, Amboina \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–10 × 5–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Conic; striate on inner surface, with reddish squamules on outer surface; interior surface silvery-white; peridioles black-brown with thin tunica, 1 mm wide \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|9–12 × 5 elliptical
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. setosus H.J. Brodie (1967) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|St Lucia, Trinidad, Guadelope, Jamaica, Mexico, Bolivia \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|8–10 × 7–8 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Mouth of cup has stiff, dark setae 0.5–1 mm long; outside surface with fine appressed hairs and some longer tangled hairs; inside surface barely plicate, silvery; basal emplacement narrow (1.5–2 mm wide); epiphragm thin, white to pale buff; peridioles angular, black, shiny, 2.5 or more wide. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|17–24 × 10–14Brodie HJ. (1967). "Cyathus setosus, a new member of the Nidulariaceae from Jamaica". Canadian Journal of Botany 45: 1–3.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. setosus (bristly or hairy)
C. sinensisImazeki R. (1950). "Fungi collected at Mt. Wu Tai-Shan. Botanical Magazine of Tokyo 63: 93 6. Imazeki (1950) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Kyushu Islands (Japan) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–6 × 2.5–5 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Peridium with obconic shape, woolly exoperidial surface (hairs tufted), cinnamon-brown color; inner surface smooth, lead-white; peridioles grey, 1.3 mm wide, 0.5 mm thick. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|12.5–18.5 × 8.3–10.3 ellipsoidBrodie, p. 164.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L.sinensis (Chinese)
C. stercoreus (Schwein.) De Toni (1888) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Worldwide \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. stercorarius (of dung)
C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. (1787) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Widespread in temperate regions; Europe, America, India, Japan, China, Mexico \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|18–20 × 8–10
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. subglobisporus R.L. Zhao, Desjardin & K.D. Hyde (2008)Zhao RL, Desjardin DE, Soytong K, Hyde KD. (2008). "A new species of bird's nest fungi: characterisation of Cyathus subgloblisporus sp nov based on morphological and molecular data". Persoonia 21: 71 6. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Northern Thailand \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Ivory-coloured fruiting bodies covered with shaggy hairs, plications on the inner surface of the peridium and subglobose basidiospores. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|
C. triplex Lloyd (1906) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|West Indies, Florida, Venezuela, Hawaii, Philippines, Thailand \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|5–6 × 5 \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|Outer surface smooth, covered with scabrous hairs, inner surface smooth, silvery white; peridioles 2 mm with very thin tunica. \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|16–22 × 12–14 ellipsoidBrodie, p. 163.
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|L. triplex (threefold)
C. yunnanensis B. Liu & Y.M. Li (1989) \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|China \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\| \| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|14.5–22.5 × 10.5–18
style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;"\|

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

{{cite journal |author1=Barbosa MMB |author2=Cruz RHSF |author3=Calonge FD |author4=Baseia IG. |title=Two new records of Cyathus species from South America |journal=Mycosphere |year=2014 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=425–8 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/5/3/5 |url=http://www.mycosphere.org/pdfs/Mycosphere_5_3_5.pdf |format=PDF|doi-access=free }}

}}

=Bibliography=

{{cite book |author=Brodie, Harold J. |title=The Bird's Nest Fungi |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |year=1975 |isbn=0-8020-5307-6}}

Category:Nidulariaceae

Cyathus