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List of Cyrillic multigraphs

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{{See also|Cyrillic alphabets|Cyrillic script}}

{{main|Cyrillic digraphs}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}

The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-{{angbr|ь}} are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with {{angbr|в}}, {{angbr|у}}, {{angbr|ә}} for labialized consonants; and sequences with {{angbr|{{serif|ӏ}}}} or {{angbr|ъ}} for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. See Cyrillic digraphs for examples.

А

{{Redirect|Ан|the Mongolian political party abbreviated "АН" (AN)|Democratic Party (Mongolia)}}

{{angbr|аа}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|aː}}

{{angbr|аа{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|aːˤ}}

{{angbr|ан}}:

{{angbr|аь}}:

{{angbr|а{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|aˤ}}

В

{{angbr|вь}}:

Г

{{angbr|гв}}:

{{angbr|гг}}:

{{angbr|гу}}:

  • Adyghe: {{IPAblink|ɡʷ}}
  • Kabardian: {{IPAblink|ɡʷ}}
  • Ossetian: {{IPAblink|ɡʷ}}
  • Also found in several other languages where {{angbr|у}} is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

{{angbr|гў}}:

{{angbr|гъ}}:

{{angbr|гъв}}:

{{angbr|гъу}}:

{{angbr|гъь}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|ʁʲ}}

{{angbr|гъ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʁˤ}}

{{angbr|гъ{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʁˤʷ}}

{{angbr|гь}}:

{{angbr|гә}}:

{{angbr|г{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

{{angbr|г{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|ʕʷ}}

Ӷ

{{angbr|ӷь}}:

{{angbr|ӷә}}:

Д

{{angbr|дж}}

{{angbr|джв}}

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|d͡ʒʷ}}

{{angbr|джь}}

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|d͡ʑ}}

{{angbr|дз}}

{{angbr|дзу}}:

{{angbr|дч}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|t͡ɕ}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|дь}}:

  • Yakut: {{IPAblink|d͡ʑ}}

{{angbr|дә}}:

Е

{{angbr|ее}}

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|eː}}

{{angbr|ее{{serif|ӏ}}}}

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|eːˤ}}

{{angbr|е{{serif|ӏ}}}}

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|eˤ}}

Ё

{{angbr|ён}}:

{{angbr|ёь}}:

Ж

{{angbr|жв}}

{{angbr|жд}}:

  • Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced {{IPA|ru|ʐd|}} (palatalized to {{IPA|ru|ʐdʲ|}} before {{angbr|ь}} and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound {{IPAblink|ʑː}} (devoiced to {{IPAblink|ɕː|}} in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation {{IPAblink|ʐː}} in these words (unlike words with {{angbr|жж}} or {{angbr|зж}}) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

{{angbr|жж}}:

  • Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced {{IPAblink|ʐː|}}. However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound {{IPAblink|ʑː}} (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).{{citation|last1=Yanushevskaya|first1=Irena|last2=Bunčić|first2=Daniel|year=2015|title=Russian|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=45|issue=2|page=224|doi=10.1017/S0025100314000395|doi-access=free}}

{{angbr|жч}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ɕː}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|жъ}}:

{{angbr|жъу}}:

{{angbr|жь}}:

{{angbr|жә}}:

З

{{angbr|зв}} :

{{angbr|зж}}

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ʐː}} (regular) or {{IPAblink|ʑː}} (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|зч}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ɕː}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Ӡ

{{angbr|ӡә}}:

  • Abkhaz: {{IPAblink|d͡ʑʷ}}

И

{{angbr|ии}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|iː}}

{{angbr|ии{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|iːˤ}}

{{angbr|ий}}:

{{angbr|и{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|iˤ}}

Й

{{angbr|йх}}:

К

{{angbr|кв}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|kʷ}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|kʷʰ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|kʷ}} or {{IPAblink|kʷʰ}}
  • Khanty: {{IPAblink|kʷ}}

{{angbr|кк}}:

{{angbr|ккв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|kːʷ}}

{{angbr|ккх}}:

{{angbr|ккъ}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qːʼ}}

{{angbr|ккъ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qːˤʼ}}

{{angbr|ккъ{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qːˤʷʼ}}

{{angbr|ку}}:

  • Adyghe: {{IPAblink|kʷ}}
  • Kabardian: {{IPAblink|kʷ}}
  • Ossetian: {{IPAblink|kʷ}} or {{IPAblink|kʷʰ}}
  • Also found in several other languages where {{angbr|у}} is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

{{angbr|кх}}:

File:Trigraf Кхъ.PNG{{angbr|кхъ}}

{{angbr|кхъу}}

{{angbr|къ}}:

{{angbr|къв}}:

{{angbr|къу}}:

{{angbr|къь}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|qʲʼ}}

{{angbr|къ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qˤʼ}}

{{angbr|къ{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qˤʷʼ}}

{{angbr|кь}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|kʲ}}
  • Abkhaz: {{IPAblink|kʲʼ}}
  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|qʼ}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ}} or {{IPAblink|ʟ̝}}
  • Avar: {{IPAblink|t͡ɬːʼ}}
  • Dargwa: {{IPAblink|qʼ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|qʼ}}
  • Tabasaran: {{IPAblink|qʼ}}

{{angbr|кьв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|k͡ʟ̝̊ʷʼ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|qʷʼ}}

{{angbr|кә}}:

{{angbr|к{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Adyghe: {{IPAblink|kʼ}} or {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʼ}}
  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Avar: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Chechen: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Dargwa: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Ingush {{IPAblink|kʼ}} or {{IPAblink|kʲʼ}}
  • Kabardian: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʼ}} or {{IPAblink|kʲʼ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}
  • Tabasaran: {{IPAblink|kʼ}}

{{angbr|к{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

{{angbr|к{{serif|ӏ}}к{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Avar: {{IPAblink|kːʼ}}

{{angbr|к{{serif|ӏ}}у}}:

{{angbr|к{{serif|ӏ}}ь}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|kʲʼ}}

{{angbr|кʼ}}:

Қ

{{angbr|қь}}:

{{angbr|қә}}:

Ҟ

{{angbr|ҟь}}:

{{angbr|ҟә}}:

Ӄ

{{angbr|ӄʼ}}:

Л

{{angbr|ллъ}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʟ̝̊ː}}

{{angbr|ллъв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʟ̝̊ːʷ}}

{{angbr|лх}}:

{{angbr|лъ}}:

{{angbr|лъв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʟ̝̊ʷ}}

{{angbr|лълъ}}:

  • Avar: {{IPAblink|ɬː}}

{{angbr|ль}}:

{{angbr|л{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

{{angbr|л{{serif|ӏ}}в}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|k͡ʟ̝̊ʷ}}

Н

{{angbr|нг}}:

{{angbr|нг}}:

{{angbr|нъ}}:

{{angbr|нь}}:

Ң

{{Angbr|ңв}}:

О

{{angbr|ов}}:

{{angbr|ое}}:

{{angbr|он}}:

{{angbr|оо}} :

{{angbr|оо{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|oːˤ}}

{{angbr|оь}}:

{{angbr|о{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|oˤ}}

П

{{angbr|пп}}

{{angbr|пъ}}:

{{angbr|п{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

{{angbr|п{{serif|ӏ}}у}} :

{{angbr|пʼ}}:

Р

{{angbr|рх}}:

{{angbr|рх{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

С

{{angbr|св}}:

{{angbr|сж}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ʐː}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|сс}}:

{{angbr|сщ}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ɕː}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Т

{{angbr|тв}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|tʷʰ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|tʷ}} or {{IPAblink|tʷʰ}}

{{angbr|тл}} :

{{angbr|тт}}:

{{angbr|тч}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|t͡ɕ}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|тш}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}
  • Komi: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}

{{angbr|тъ}}:

{{angbr|тә}}:

{{angbr|т{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

{{angbr|т{{serif|ӏ}}в}} :

{{angbr|т{{serif|ӏ}}у}}:

{{angbr|тʼ}}:

Ҭ

{{angbr|ҭә}}:

У

{{angbr|ув}}:

{{angbr|уо}}:

{{angbr|уу}} :

{{angbr|уу{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|uːˤ}}

{{angbr|уь}}:

{{angbr|уьй}}:

{{angbr|у{{serif|ӏ}}}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|uˤ}}

Ү

{{angbr|үй}}:

Ф

{{angbr|фф}}:

  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|fː}}

{{angbr|ф{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

Х

{{angbr|хв}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|χʷ}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χʷ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|χʷ}}
  • Khanty: {{IPAblink|χʷ}} or {{IPA|[xv]}}

{{angbr|ху}}:

{{angbr|хх}}:

  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|q͡χː}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χː}}
  • Avar: {{IPAblink|χː}}

{{angbr|ххв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χːʷ}}

{{angbr|ххь{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χːˤ}}

{{angbr|ххь{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χːˤʷ}}

{{angbr|хъ}}:

{{angbr|хъв}}:

{{angbr|хъу}}:

{{angbr|хъ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qˤʰ}}

{{angbr|хъ{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|qˤʷʰ}}

{{angbr|хь}}:

{{angbr|хьв}}:

{{angbr|хьхь}}:

  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|xː}}
  • Avar: {{IPAblink|xː}}

{{angbr|хь{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χˤ}}

{{angbr|хь{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|χˤʷ}}

{{angbr|хә}}:

{{angbr|х{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

{{angbr|х{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|ħʷ}}

Ҳ

{{angbr|ҳә}}:

Ц

{{angbr|цв}} :

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|t͡sʷ}}
  • Lezgian: {{IPAblink|t͡sʷ}} or {{IPAblink|t͡sʷʰ}}

{{angbr|цз}}:

  • In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for {{IPAblink|t͡s}} and {{IPAblink|t͡ɕ}}, equivalent to pinyin {{angbr|z}} and, before an iotated vowel, {{angbr|j}}.

{{angbr|цу}}:

{{angbr|цц}}:

{{angbr|цц{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|t͡sːʼ}}

{{angbr|цъ}}:

{{angbr|цә}}:

  • Abkhaz: {{IPAblink|t͡ɕʷ}}

{{angbr|ц{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

{{angbr|ц{{serif|ӏ}}в}} :

{{angbr|ц{{serif|ӏ}}ц{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Avar: {{IPAblink|t͡sːʼ}}

Ҵ

{{angbr|ҵә}}:

  • Abkhaz: {{IPAblink|t͡ɕʷʼ}}

Ч

{{angbr|чв}}:

{{angbr|чж}}:

{{angbr|чч}}:

  • Aghul: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃːʰ}}
  • Avar: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃː}}
  • Tabasaran: {{IPAblink|tʃːʰ}}

{{angbr|чъ}}:

{{angbr|ч{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

{{angbr|ч{{serif|ӏ}}в}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʷʼ}}
  • Archi: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʷʼ}}

{{angbr|ч{{serif|ӏ}}ч{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Avar: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃːʼ}}

{{angbr|чʼ}}:

Џ

{{angbr|џь}}:

Ш

{{angbr|шв}}:

{{angbr|шч}}:

  • Russian: {{IPAblink|ɕː}} (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

{{angbr|шъ}}:

{{angbr|шъу}}:

{{angbr|шь}}:

{{angbr|шә}}:

{{angbr|ш{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Abaza: {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʼ}}
  • Adyghe: {{IPAblink|ʃʼ}}

{{angbr|ш{{serif|ӏ}}у}}:

Щ

{{angbr|щв}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|ʃːʷ}}

{{angbr|щ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

Ы

{{angbr|ы{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

Э

{{angbr|эй}}:

{{angbr|эр}}:

{{angbr|ээ}}:

{{angbr|ээ{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|eːˤ}}

{{angbr|э{{serif|ӏ}}}}:

  • Archi: {{IPAblink|eˤ}}

Ю

{{angbr|юй}}:

{{angbr|юь}}:

Я

{{angbr|ян}}:

{{angbr|яь}}:

{{serif|ӏ}}

{{angbr|{{serif|ӏ}}у}}:

{{angbr|{{serif|ӏ}}ь}}:

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Cyrillization}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Cyrillic Multigraphs}}

Category:Cyrillic digraphs

Category:Trigraphs (orthography)