List of Earth flybys

{{Short description|List of cases where spacecraft incidentally performed Earth flybys}}

File:Mdis depart anot.ogv during its 2005 flyby]]

List of Earth flybys is a list of cases where spacecraft incidentally performed Earth flybys, typically for a gravity assist to another body.

Missions

class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:white;"

! colspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:15%;"| Spacecraft

! style="text-align:left; width:11%;"| Organization

! style="text-align:left; width:17%;"| Date

! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Type

! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Closest Approach

! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"| Status

! style="text-align:left; width:24%;"| Notes

! style="text-align:left; width:7%;"| Image

! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"| Ref

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Giotto
(first pass)

| 20px ESA

| 2 July 1990

| flyby

| 22,730 km

| success

| first ever Earth flyby, en route to Comet Grigg-Skjellerup

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-056A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Galileo
(first pass)

| 24px NASA

| 8 December 1990

| flyby

| 960 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 960 km

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010419124617/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2001-04-19|title=Solar System Exploration: : Galileo Legacy Site|publisher=2.jpl.nasa.gov|accessdate=2014-01-29}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Sakigake
(first pass)

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 8 January 1992

| flyby

| 88,790 km

| success

| previously visited Halley's comet

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-001A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#F2F2F2"

| colspan="2" | Suisei

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 20 August 1992

| flyby

| failure

| previously visited Halley's comet; hydrazine depleted, further planned comet flybys abandoned

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-073A|title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details|publisher=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2014-01-29}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Galileo
(second pass)

| 24px NASA

| 8 December 1992

| flyby

| 303 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Jupiter

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010419124617/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-cruise.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-04-19 |title=Solar System Exploration: : Galileo Legacy Site |publisher=.jpl.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Sakigake
(second and third passes)

| rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 14 June 1993

| flyby

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | 50px

| rowspan="2" | {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-001A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-08-20}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| 28 October 1994

| flyby

| out of fuel; telemetry contact lost November 1995

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | NEAR Shoemaker

| 24px NASA

| 23 January 1998

| flyby

| 540 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Eros

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-008A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Nozomi
(first pass)

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 20 December 1998

| flyby

| 1000 km

| partial success

| gravity assist on planned mission to Mars; valve malfunction during flyby required extra burn, which later forced alternate trajectory plan

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-041A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#F2F2F2"

| colspan="2" | Giotto
(second pass)

| 20px ESA

| 1 July 1999

| flyby

| failure

| n/a

| already defunct

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Cassini

| 24px NASA
20px ESA
24px ASI

| 18 August 1999

| flyby

| 1171 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Saturn

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-061A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Stardust
(first pass)

| 24px NASA

| 15 January 2001

| flyby

| 6000 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to comet 81P/Wild

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-003A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Nozomi
(second pass)

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| December, 2002

| flyby

| 11,000 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Mars

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Nozomi
(third pass)

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 19 June 2003

| flyby

| 1000 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Mars

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Hayabusa

| {{flagicon|JPN}} ISAS

| 19 May 2004

| flyby

| 20,000 km

| success

| en route to Itokawa

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-019A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Rosetta
(first pass)

| 20px ESA

| 4 March 2005

| flyby

| 1950 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | MESSENGER

| 24px NASA

| 2 August 2005

| flyby

| 2348 km

| success

| en route to Venus and Mercury

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-030A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Stardust
(second pass)

| 24px NASA

| 15 January 2006

| flyby

| success

| drop-off of sample return capsule

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Rosetta
(second pass)

| 20px ESA

| 13 November 2007

| flyby

| success

| gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (first pass)

| 24px NASA

| 31 December 2007{{cite web |url=http://epoxi.umd.edu/1mission/flybys.shtml |title=NASA - EPOXI Mission - Mission |publisher=Epoxi.umd.edu |accessdate=2012-08-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214105059/http://epoxi.umd.edu/1mission/flybys.shtml |archivedate=2009-12-14 }}

| flyby

| 15,567

| success

| previously visited Comet 9P/Tempel; gravity assist en route to encounter with Comet 103P/Hartley

| 50px

| {{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-001A |title=NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details |publisher=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-30}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (second pass)

| 24px NASA

| December 2008{{cite web |url=https://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Target=Beyond&Alias=Deep%20Impact-EPOXI&Letter=D&Display=ReadMore |title=Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Name: D: Deep Impact-EPOXI |publisher=Sse.jpl.nasa.gov |accessdate=2012-11-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302212346/https://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Target=Beyond&Alias=Deep%20Impact-EPOXI&Letter=D&Display=ReadMore |archivedate=2012-03-02 }}

| flyby

| 43,450 km

| success

| gravity assist

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Stardust
(third pass)

| 24px NASA

| 14 January 2009

| flyby

| 9200 km

| success{{cite web|url=http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/mission_status09_q1b.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402061400/http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/mission_status09_q1b.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-04-02 |title=Stardust-NExT: Status Report 2009 |publisher=Stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-08-20}}

| mission extension to Comet 9P/Tempel; minimum distance 9200 km

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Rosetta
(third pass)

| 20px ESA

| 13 November 2009

| flyby

| success

| gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (third pass)

| 24px NASA

| June 2009

| distant flyby

| success

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fourth pass)

| 24px NASA

| December 2009

| distant flyby

| success

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fifth pass)

| 24px NASA

| June 2010

| flyby

| 36,900 km

| success

| 50px

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Juno

| 24px NASA

| 9 October 2013

| flyby

| 559 km

| success

| gravity assist en route to Jupiter

| 50px

| {{COSPAR|2011-040A}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Hayabusa2

| 24px JAXA

| 3 December 2015

| flyby

| success

| gravity assist en route to Asteroid 162173 Ryugu

| {{COSPAR|2014-076A}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | PROCYON

| {{flagicon|JPN}} University of Tokyo
24px JAXA

| 3 December 2015{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/procyon.htm |title=PROCYON |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |date= |access-date=2015-09-23}}

| flyby

| success

| was en route to Asteroid 2000 DP107 but mission abandoned{{cite web |url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2015/05081421-procyon-failure.html?referrer=https://www.google.co.jp/ |title=Due to ion engine failure, PROCYON will not fly by an asteroid |last=Lakdawalla |first=Emily |date=May 8, 2015 |access-date=2015-09-23}}

| {{COSPAR|2014-076D}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | Shin'en 2

| {{flagicon|JPN}} Kyutech

| 4 December 2015{{cite web |url=http://kit-okuyama-lab.com/en/ |title=Keiichi Okuyama-Lab |publisher=Kyushu Institute of Technology |date= |access-date=2015-12-01}}

| flyby

| success

| {{COSPAR|2014-076B}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | OSIRIS-REx

| 24px NASA

| 22 September 2017{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/osiris-rex-spacecraft-slingshots-past-earth |title=NASA'S OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Slingshots Past Earth |publisher=NASA |date=2017-09-22 |access-date=2018-04-26}}

| flyby

| 17,237 km

| success

| Gravity assist en route to Asteroid 101955 Bennu

| 50px

| {{COSPAR|2016-055A}}

style="background:#EFE7B8"

| colspan="2" | BepiColombo

| 20px ESA
24px JAXA

| 10 April 2020

| flyby

| 12,700 km