List of European windstorms
{{short description|None}}
{{Update|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
File:Extratropical Cyclones near Iceland (4541789253).jpgs south of Iceland.]]
The following is a list of notable European windstorms.
Windstorms
= Before 1800 =
= 1800–1899 =
class="wikitable" |
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! width=200 | Event ! Date ! Notes |
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| Galnemåndagen | 11 March 1822 | A severe storm in Norway which may have caused over 300 deaths in the country of fishermen.{{cite web|title=Glesvær - Trading post|url=http://grind.no/en/midthordland/sund/glesvaer-trading-post|website=Grind - Ei reise gjennom natur og kultur i Hordaland|access-date=30 October 2017|language=en|date=31 January 2013}}{{cite web|title=Den galne måndagen og anna uvèr {{!}} Fylkesarkivet i Sogn og Fjordane|url=http://www.fylkesarkiv.no/nyhende/den-galne-m%C3%A5ndagen-og-anna-uv%C3%A8r|website=www.fylkesarkiv.no|access-date=30 October 2017|language=nn}} |
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| February 1825 | |
|
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| 6–7 January 1839 | The most severe windstorm to hit Ireland in recent centuries, with hurricane-force winds, killed between 250 and 300 people and rendered hundreds of thousands of homes uninhabitable. |
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| Moray Firth fishing disaster | August 1848 | |
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| 1850 | Winter 1850 |
|
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| 25–26 October 1859 | The Royal Charter Storm was considered to be the most severe storm to hit the British Isles in the 19th century,[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/collections/emigration/royalcharter/ Merseyside Maritime Museum site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806132951/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/collections/emigration/royalcharter/ |date=6 August 2011 }}[http://www.ancientdestructions.com.au/site/destructions/goldglam.php Ancient Destructions website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426043808/http://www.ancientdestructions.com.au/site/destructions/goldglam.php |date=26 April 2012 }} with a total death toll estimated at over 800. It takes its name from the Royal Charter ship, which was driven by the storm onto the east coast of Anglesey, Wales with the loss of over 450 lives. |
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| 10 February 1871 | A severe storm affected England with 28 ships wrecked on the northeast coast, total fatalities are estimated at over 50. |
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| "Lothar's big brother" | 12 March 1876 | Maximum winds crossed northern France, Belgium, Luxembourg and into Germany. Swiss Re report that this was the worst event in the 19th and early 20th century, with a footprint similar to the storm Lothar of 1999.{{cite news|title=Severe weather events in the late 19th century and their potential impact on insurance today Winter storms in Europe: messages from forgotten catastrophes|url=http://media.swissre.com/documents/Swiss_Re_Winter_storms.pdf|access-date=29 October 2015|publisher=Swiss Re}} |
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| 28 December 1879 | Severe gales (estimated to be Force 10–11) swept the east coast of Scotland, infamously resulting in the collapse of the Tay Rail Bridge and the loss of 75 people who were on board the ill-fated train.{{cite web|url=http://taybridgedisaster.co.uk/|title=The Tay Bridge Disaster|access-date=3 September 2007}} |
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| 14 October 1881 | A severe storm struck the southeast coast of Scotland. 189 fishermen were killed, most of whom were from the small village of Eyemouth. |
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| The Ochtertyre storm | 19–28 January 1884 | A series of deep Atlantic depressions crossed the northwestern areas of the UK, a storm on 26 January saw the UK's record lowest air pressure measured at Ochtertyre, Perthshire of 925.6 hPa. Swiss Re stated the storm's damaging swathe of winds were larger than those of the Burns Day storm of 1990. |
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| The great storm of November 1893 | 16–20 November 1893 |
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| "North German Express" | 12 February 1894 | A rapidly moving storm brought high winds to Northern Ireland, Scotland, Northern England and northern Germany, reaching a maximum depth estimated at {{cvt|945|hPa|inHg}} over Norway. |
= 1900–1974 =
class="wikitable" |
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! width=200 | Event ! Date ! Notes |
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| 25–26 December 1902 | The Danish Meteorological Institute report a single measurement from a balloon at Hald in central Jutland with an hourly mean wind value of {{cvt|35|m/s|km/h mph}}. DMI estimate the strongest winds probably reached {{cvt|50|m/s|km/h mph}} or more. The storm was relatively short-lived and caused extensive damage to forestry as it passed from southern Norway to the Gulf of Riga, with a swathe of damage stretching from north Jutland to Bornholm. The storm also saw significant flooding.{{cite news|last=Cappelen|first=John|title=Bodil og det beskidte dusin|url=https://www.dmi.dk/nyheder/2013/bodil-og-det-beskidte-dusin/|access-date=24 July 2019|newspaper=DMI|date=24 July 2019|language=da}} |
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| 26–27 February 1903 | Probably the most severe to affect Ireland since the Night of the Big Wind, with an estimated 1000–3000 trees uprooted in Phoenix Park, Dublin. Following a stormy period between the 18–26 which saw several depressions pass close by to the west coast of Ireland. The storm's low pressure was estimated at {{cvt|975|mb|inHg}} (Lamb, 1991). A quote from Ulysses by James Joyce is likely based on the aftermath of this storm- "O yes, J.J. O'Molloy said eagerly. Lady Dudley was walking home through the park to see all the trees that were blown down by that cyclone last year and thought she'd buy a view of Dublin."{{cite web|title=Exceptional weather events|url=http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Feb1903_storm.pdf|publisher=Met Éireann|access-date=23 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522194356/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Feb1903_storm.pdf|archive-date=22 May 2012|url-status=dead}} |
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| Ulvsund storm | 23–24 October 1921 | The S.S. Ulvsund capsized during the storm on a sailing between Copenhagen and Nakskov, Lolland.{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Leif|title=Et uvejr med flere navne En stormfuld nat, som en tolvårs dreng oplevede den|journal=Vejret|date=February 2016|volume=146|url=http://dams.dk/Vejret/Vejret146.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|language=da}} |
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| Halaveðrið | 7–8 February 1925 | A deep storm affected Iceland with the loss of two trawlers and over 60 men. |
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| | 28 January 1927 | A storm strongly affected the UK and Ireland, with a gust of {{cvt|90|kn|mph km/h}} recorded in Paisley. |
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| 28 October 1927 | Storm affected the west coast of Ireland, with 45 people drowned, led to the abandonment of the Inishkea Islands. There was also coastal flooding in the Irish Sea along Cardigan Bay and 5 fatalities in Fleetwood, Lancashire.{{cite web|title=Exceptional weather events: October 1927 storm|url=http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Oct1927_storm.pdf|publisher=Met Eireann|access-date=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103162734/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Oct1927_storm.pdf|archive-date=3 November 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}{{cite journal|last1=Hammond|first1=John M.|title=Storm in a Teacup or Winds of Change?|journal=Weather|date=December 1990|volume=45|issue=12|pages=443–448|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05582.x|bibcode = 1990Wthr...45..443H }}{{cite journal|last1=Harris|first1=R. O.|title=Notable British Gales of the Past 50 Years|journal=Weather|date=February 1970|volume=25|issue=2|pages=57–68|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1970.tb03233.x}} |
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| 6–7 January 1928 | Snow melt combined with heavy rainfall and a storm surge in the North Sea led to flooding in central London and the loss of 14 lives. |
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| Western Europe windstorm | 23–25 November 1928 | A windstorm affected parts of Northwestern Europe for more than two days and killed 38 people, mainly in England.{{cite news|title=Dead In Gale Sweeping Europe|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/1997948352.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+18%2C+1928&author=&pub=Daily+Boston+Globe+%281928-1960%29&desc=DEAD+IN+GALE+SWEEPING+EUROPE&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715135745/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/1997948352.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+18,+1928&author=&pub=Daily+Boston+Globe+(1928-1960)&desc=DEAD+IN+GALE+SWEEPING+EUROPE&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|access-date=21 February 2012|newspaper=Daily Boston Globe|date=18 November 1928}} |
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| Central Europe windstorm | Early July 1929 | A severe and deadly windstorm moved through central Europe in early July 1929 and killed 38 people.{{cite news|title=38 KILLED IN STORM IN CENTRAL EUROPE; 20 Die in Austria, Where Wind Wrecks Buildings and Hail Damages Crops. 10 DROWN IN YUGOSLAVIA Entire Train Toppled From Rails in Czeehoalovakia--Wide Damage In Southern Germany|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/06/archives/38-killed-in-storm-in-central-europe-20-die-in-austria-where-wind.html|access-date=21 February 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 July 1929}} |
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| Southern and central England gales | 5–8 December 1929 | A stormy period from 5 to 8 December 1929 saw two depressions (central pressure of {{cvt|950|mb|inHg|disp=sqbr}}), move north-eastwards across Ireland bringing severe gales in south-west England. Mean hourly wind speeds around {{cvt|55 |
60|kn|mph km/h}} with gusts exceeding {{cvt|80|kn|mph km/h}} at Falmouth on each day from the 5th to the 8th and at Scilly from the 6th to the 8th. Extremes during this period were: mean hourly winds of {{cvt|61|and|60|kn|mph km/h}} at Falmouth on the 5th and 6th and {{cvt|59|kn|mph km/h}} at Scilly on the 7th, and gusts of {{cvt|89|kn|mph km/h}} at Falmouth on the 6th and 7th and Scilly on the 7th, while on the evening of the 6th Scilly registered a gust of {{cvt|96|kn|mph km/h}}, equalling the then highest ever recorded at a low-level station in Great Britain in December. Mean wind speeds between {{cvt|40|and|50|kn|mph km/h}}, and gusts between {{cvt|65|and|75|kn|mph km/h}}, occurred in many parts of the country during the period. |
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| | 16–17 September 1935 | Formed as a secondary depression west of Ireland, before moving over southern Ireland to Northern England. The low brought severe gales to south western England, Wales and southern England. |
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| Iberian windstorm | 13–15 February 1941 | A storm made a direct hit on Lisbon while damaging winds affected the whole of Portugal. Low of {{cvt|950|hPa|inHg}}, reaching winds up to {{cvt|180|km/h|mph}} in San Sebastián, Spain. It remains one of the top five most severe windstorms across Europe during the 20th century.{{cite news|last=Muir-Wood|first=Robert|title=The 1941 February 15th Windstorm in the Iberian Peninsula|url=http://fundacionmapfre.com/ccm/content/documentos/mapfrere/fichero/en/1941-february-15-windstorm-iberian-peninsula.pdf|access-date=31 May 2013|newspaper=RMS Risk Management Solutions|year=2011}}{{cite journal|last=Freitas|first=J. G.|author2=Dias, J. A. |title=1941 windstorm effects on the Portuguese Coast|journal=Journal of Coastal Research|volume=65|year=2013|issue=Special Issue 65|pages=714–719|issn=0749-0208|doi=10.2112/SI65-121|s2cid=129952992}} |
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| October Gales | 24–26 October 1945 | Gales in October 1945 killed two and washed up many mines along the south coast of England with winds over {{cvt|90|mph|km/h}}.{{cite news|title=Gales Sweep Britain|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48674296|access-date=11 May 2015|agency=Australian Associated Press|newspaper=Adelaide Advertiser|date=26 October 1945}}{{cite web|title=Monthly Weather Report: October 1945|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/2/5/Oct1945.pdf|publisher=Met Office|access-date=11 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407135049/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/2/5/Oct1945.pdf|archive-date=7 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} |
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| North Sea storm disturbance | 8 January 1949 |
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| 31 January–1 February 1953 | Considered to be the worst natural disaster of the 20th century both in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, claiming over two thousand lives altogether. A storm originating over Ireland moved around the Scottish west coast, over Orkney, down the east coast of Scotland and England and across the North Sea to the Netherlands. Sea defences in the Netherlands and eastern England were overwhelmed. The ferry MV Princess Victoria, travelling between Scotland and Northern Ireland, was lost with 133 people drowned, and over a quarter of the Scottish fishing fleet was also lost. In the Netherlands, flooding killed 1,835 people and forced the emergency evacuation of 70,000 more as sea water inundated {{cvt|1365|km2}} of land. An estimated 30,000 animals drowned, and 47,300 buildings were damaged of which 10,000 were destroyed. Total damage was estimated at that time at 895 million Dutch guilders. |
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| Sweden snowstorm | 3–4 January 1954 | {{cite news |title=Stormar i Sverige |url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/stormar-i-sverige-1.5770 |access-date=23 September 2019 |work=www.smhi.se |language=sv}}{{cite news |title=Oväder i januari 1954 |url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/ovader-i-januari-1954-1.5730 |access-date=23 September 2019 |work=www.smhi.se |date=23 April 2014 |language=sv}} |
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| 17 September 1961 | North-west Ireland, much of Scotland and the Northern Isles hit by severe gales, which were the residuals of Hurricane Debbie.{{cite web|url=http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/atlantic/1961/|title=1961 Hurricane/Tropical Data for Atlantic|access-date=3 September 2007}} |
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| Vincinette | 16–17 February 1962 | Including the Great Sheffield Gale, westerly gales swept the entire United Kingdom during 16 and 17 February 1962, a "resonant lee wave effect" over the Pennines led to over 150,000 houses in Sheffield, nearly two-thirds of the city's entire housing stock being damaged.{{cite news|last1=Eden|first1=Philip|title=The Sheffield Gale of 1962|url=http://www.rmets.org/sites/default/files/hisnews1201.pdf|access-date=29 August 2014|work=History of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Special Interest Group; Newsletter 1|publisher=Royal Meteorological Society|date=2012}} The storm moved south-east and reached the German coast of the North Sea with wind speeds up to {{cvt|200|km/h|mph}}. The accompanying storm surge combined with high tide pushed water up the Weser and Elbe, breaching dikes and caused extensive flooding, especially in Hamburg. 315 people were killed, around 60,000 were left homeless. |
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| Channel Islands storm | 9 October 1964 | A storm tracked along the English Channel bringing intense winds and damage to the Channel Islands.{{cite book|last1=Eden|first1=Philip|title=Change in the Weather|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9780826480293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l2ofi0_Tf8C&q=9+october+1964+guernsey+storm&pg=PA36|access-date=5 May 2016|language=en|date=2006-05-10}} |
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| Ferrybridge cooling tower collapse | 1 November 1965 | Ferrybridge power station near Pontefract saw three cooling towers collapse due to vibrations in {{cvt|85|mph|km/h}} winds. The grouped shape of the cooling towers meant that westerly winds were funnelled into the towers themselves, creating a vortex. Three out of the original eight cooling towers were destroyed and the remaining five were severely damaged. The towers were rebuilt and all eight cooling towers were strengthened to tolerate adverse weather conditions.{{cite journal|last1=Shellard|first1=H. C.|title=Collapse of Cooling Towers in a Gale, Ferrybridge, 1 November 1965|journal=Weather|volume=22|issue=6|pages=232–240|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1967.tb02927.x|bibcode = 1967Wthr...22..232S |year=1967}}{{cite book|last1=Petroski|first1=edited by Neil Schlager; foreword by Henry|title=When technology fails : significant technological disasters, accidents, and failures of the twentieth century.|date=1993|publisher=Gale Research|location=[U.S.?]|isbn=978-0-8103-8908-3|url=https://ceprofs.civil.tamu.edu/dford/DNF%20Profesional/FerrybridgeWTF94.pdf|access-date=14 August 2014}} |
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| "Adolph Bermpohl" storm | 23–24 February 1967 | Named after the {{ill|Adolph Bermpohl|de|Adolph Bermpohl (Schiff)}} which was lost in the storm. The German Naval Observatory at the time reported the storm brought the highest winds ever measured in the North Sea. |
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| 17–18 October 1967 | October 1967 was one of the wettest in Denmark with several areas of low pressure passing the country. Wind speeds over {{cvt|40|m/s|km/h mph}} were recorded across Denmark and at the southern tip of Öland, Sweden.{{cite news|title=Den svåra oktoberstormen 1967|url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/den-svara-oktoberstormen-1967-1.5744|access-date=26 August 2014|publisher=SMHI|date=23 April 2014|language=sv}}{{cite news|title=Oktoberstormen har 50 års fødselsdag: DMI|url=http://www.dmi.dk/nyheder/arkiv/nyheder-2017/oktober/oktoberstormen-har-50-aars-foedselsdag/|access-date=17 October 2017|work=www.dmi.dk|date=16 October 2017|language=da}} |
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| 15 January 1968 | This storm tracked north up the west coast of Scotland. In Glasgow, some 20 people were killed, 40 injured and 2,000 people made homeless, Ayrshire and Argyll also affected.{{cite web|title=The Glasgow 'hurricane'|url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/cgi-app/reports?ARCHIV=0&LANG=en&MENU=Extra&JJ=2008&MM=01&TT=21&FILE=extra_ne.tit|publisher=Weatheronline|access-date=16 December 2011}} |
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| Sweden storm | 22 September 1969 |
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| 11–14 November 1972 | A storm that struck northern Europe in mid-November 1972 and spawned a tornado that killed 28 in Germany.{{cite news|title=European Wind Storm Kills 28|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ykNRAAAAIBAJ&pg=1065,7340030&dq=europe+windstorm&hl=en|access-date=5 February 2012|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|date=14 November 1972}} The MV Mebo II radio ship of RNI ran adrift losing one of her anchors. The crew managed to start the engines, and after sailing back to her original anchoring spot near Scheveningen, the spare anchor was securing the vessel's position again. |
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| Unnamed | 13 April 1973 | A storm affecting the north and west coastal areas of the Netherlands, northern German and western Danish coastal areas, getting the unmotorised MV Norderney radio ship of Radio Veronica stranded at the Scheveningen coast. Widespread destruction of ca. 2 million trees at the Veluwe. |
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| Irish windstorm | 11–12 January 1974 | Record winds, sometimes of hurricane force, recorded in many parts of Ireland. The strongest ever sea level gust in Ireland, at exactly {{cvt|200|km/h|mph}}, was recorded in Kilkeel, County Down. Many trees and buildings were damaged and 250,000 {{cite web|title=Storms Of January 1974|url=http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Jan1974_Storm.pdf|publisher=Met Éireann|access-date=31 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232933/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Jan1974_Storm.PDF|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}} premises were left without electricity (approx 1 in 4 in the county). |
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| Norway windstorm | Mid February 1974 | Winds up to {{cvt|100|mph|km/h|order=flip}} battered the United Kingdom and Norway in mid February 1974, killing 19.{{cite news|title=Windstorm Kills 19 In Coastal Europe|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SFcqAAAAIBAJ&pg=2276,4070635&dq=europe+windstorm&hl=en|access-date=21 February 2012|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=12 February 1974}} |
= 1975–1999 =
= 2000–2009 =
class="wikitable sortable" | |||
Name (other name) | Dates | Minimum pressure | Meteorological history |
---|---|---|---|
Oratia | {{Sort|20001030|30 October–5 November 2000}} | {{Sort|0941|{{cvt|941|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06547.x|title=The North Sea storm of 30 October 2000|journal=Weather|volume=56|issue=3|pages=115–116|year=2001|last1=Hewson|first1=Tim|bibcode=2001Wthr...56..115H|s2cid=119744773 }} | A deep area of low pressure swept across the United Kingdom bringing gusts in excess of {{cvt|90|mph|km/h}} and severe flooding to Southern England, it was the strongest system of its kind to hit the UK since the Burns Day Storm of 1990. Contributing to the Autumn 2000 western Europe floods. |
Janika | {{Sort|20011113|13–16 November 2001}} | {{Sort|0980|{{cvt|980|hPa|inHg}}}} | A severe windstorm hit southern and central Finland, causing damage worth €20 million.{{cite web|title=Storm damages may rise to millions of euros|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/storm_damages_may_rise_to_millions_of_euros/5473430|work=YLE|date=27 December 2011|access-date=30 November 2015}} Northerly winds trailing the low pressure were exceptionally gusty,{{cite web|title=Weather in Finland in 2001|url=http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/press-release/1018427534|work=Finnish Meteorological Institute|access-date=1 December 2015}} with F2 damage on Fujita scale. |
Jeanett | {{Sort|20021025|25–31 October 2002}} | {{Sort|0975|{{cvt|975|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=October 27, 2002 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2002/brack/bracka20021027.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=21 February 2012}} | A strong windstorm ripped through the British Isles, killing 24. Winds peaked at {{cvt|95|mph|km/h}}.{{cite news|title=Powerful Windstorm In Europe Kills At Least 24|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1aAfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3297,8733936&dq=europe+windstorm&hl=en|access-date=21 February 2012|newspaper=Southeast Missourian|date=28 October 2002}} |
Elizabeth
|19–20 November 2004 | |A storm with {{cvt|170 | |||
200|km/h|mph}} wind speed hit the Tatras National Park in Slovakia killed a driver and destroyed {{cvt|12600|ha|acre}} of protected forests changing the landscape forever.{{Cite news|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20476484/high-winds-again-topple-trees-in-high-tatras.html|title=High winds again topple trees in High Tatras|last=a.s.|first=Petit Press|work=spectator.sme.sk|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en}} The estimated damage is €194,966,211.{{Cite journal|last1=Kunca|first1=Andrej|last2=Zúbrik|first2=Milan|date=2006-11-01|title=Vetrová kalamita z 19. novembra 2004|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284168254}} | |||
Dagmar | {{Sort|20041216|16–20 December 2004}} | {{Sort|0983|{{cvt|983|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=December 20, 2004 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2004/brack/bracka20041220.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} | A storm generating {{cvt|80|mph|km/h|order=flip}} winds hit northern France, including Paris, killing 6 people and leaving thousands of homes without power. |
January 2005 | {{Sort|20050107|5–12 January 2005}} | {{Sort|0961|{{cvt|961|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 9, 2005 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2005/brack/bracka20050109.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} {{cvt|944|hPa|inHg}}{{cite web|title=January 12, 2005 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2005/brack/bracka20050112.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} | * Erwin (Gudrun) 5–12 January 2005. Northern Europe was hit by the storm Erwin (Free University of Berlin), also called Gudrun by the Norwegian weather service, with sustained wind speeds of {{cvt|126|km/h|mph}} and wind gusts of {{cvt|165|km/h|mph}}. About 341,000 homes lost power in Sweden and several thousand of these were out of power for many days and even weeks; about 10,000 homes were still without power after three weeks. The international death toll was at least 17. The storm caused a lot of financial damage in Sweden, where the forest industry suffered greatly from damaged trees. In the south, {{convert|75|e6m3|e6yd3|abbr=unit}} of trees blew down. In the space of 6 hrs, 250,000,000 trees were blown down, and after months of hard work, lorries and drivers from across Europe eventually transported the logs to several sites across the south of Sweden. One huge site was situated on a disused airfield, stretched for {{cvt|2|km|mi}}, {{cvt|14|m|ft}} in height, and 10 piles in width. This was only 2% of the total logs stored, enough to create a {{cvt|3|x|3|m|adj=on}} pile all the way to Australia.
|
Renate | {{Sort|20061002|2–8 October 2006}} | {{Sort|0999|{{cvt|999|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=October 4, 2006 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2006/brack/bracka20061004.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} | A powerful storm battered the south west coast of France with gusts of {{cvt|150|km/h|mph}} in the coastal areas. The storm uprooted many trees, and many homes remained without power for many hours. Two people were badly injured in a helicopter crash. One person died in a house fire, which originated from a candle that he was using for illumination. |
Britta | {{Sort|20061029|29 October–4 November 2006}} | {{Sort|0979|{{cvt|979|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=November 1, 2006 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2006/brack/bracka20061101.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} | In the afternoon of the second and in the night a storm made its way through the North Sea with gusts reaching {{cvt|174|mph}} in Denmark and southern Sweden. The countries affected were Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Scotland. The storm killed 15 people and detached an oil rig, which then was rescued and pulled back to safety. |
Franz | {{Sort|20070110|10–13 January 2007}} | {{Sort|0951|{{cvt|951|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 11, 2007 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2007/brack/bracka20070111.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=12 February 2012}} | A strong depression north of Scotland brought high winds to most of the United Kingdom. A strong jet stream was also present at the time. This system was one of several strong storms to hit the United Kingdom during the winter of 2006–2007, linked to the strong North Atlantic Oscillation event taking place at the time. With a central pressure of {{cvt|951|hPa|inHg}}, sustained winds exceeded {{cvt|60|mph|km/h}} and a gust of {{cvt|94|mph|km/h}} was recorded in Benbecula late on 10 January. Additional hurricane-force gusts were recorded in Scotland. Gale-force winds were recorded in the south of the United Kingdom and in the Midlands, and gusts of over {{cvt|50|mph|km/h}} affected the entire country. Northern areas received gusts of between {{cvt|60|and|90|mph|km/h}}. The depression was named Franz by the Free University of Berlin.
Six fatalities have been confirmed, along with several injuries. Five people were killed when a trawler sank off the coast near Wexford, in Ireland and another person was killed near Taunton, Somerset when a tree crushed his car. Another trawler went missing. Two survivors were recovered. One woman went missing after falling overboard on a ferry near Falmouth. A supermarket in Wales had its roof damaged, and residents across the United Kingdom reported other minor damage. 80,000 homes lost power in Wales. Flooding occurred in several areas, with several rivers overflowing. The Environment Agency issued 59 flood warnings. |
Hanno (Per) | {{Sort|20070109|9–16 January 2007}} | {{Sort|0965|{{cvt|965|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 14, 2007 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2007/brack/bracka20070114.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=13 February 2012}} | The powerful storm Per hit south-western Sweden with wind gusts up to about {{cvt|90|mph|km/h|order=flip}}. Six people were reported dead in different storm-related accidents, thousands of trees were blown down, and thousands of households lost electricity. This storm also caused damage and flooding in Lithuania. |
Kyrill | {{Sort|20070117|17–23 January 2007}} | {{Sort|0963|{{cvt|963|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 19, 2007 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2007/brack/bracka20070119.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=13 February 2012}} | In the wake of Kyrill, already regarded as one of the most violent and destructive storms in more than a century, storm-warnings were given for many countries in western, central and northern Europe with severe storm-warnings for some areas. Schools in particularly threatened areas had been closed by mid-day, to allow children to get home safely before the storm reached its full intensity in the late afternoon. At least 53 people were killed in northern and central Europe, causing travel chaos across the region. Britain and Germany were the worst hit, with eleven people killed as rain and gusts of up to {{cvt|99|mph|km/h}} with sustained windspeeds of up to {{cvt|73|mph|km/h}} swept the UK. Thirteen people were killed in Germany, with the weather station on top of the Brocken in the Saxony-Anhaltian Harz mountain range recording wind speeds of up to {{cvt|121|mph|km/h|order=flip}}. Direct damage in Germany was estimated to amount to €4.7bn.{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/1301&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=fr/|title=EUSF|access-date=4 November 2008}} Five people were killed in the Netherlands and three in France. The gusts reached {{cvt|151|km/h|mph}} at the Cap Gris Nez and {{cvt|130|km/h|mph}} in many places in the north of France. In both Germany and the Netherlands the national railways were closed. At Frankfurt International Airport over 200 flights were cancelled.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} |
Uriah | {{Sort|20070623|23 June–1 July 2007}} | {{Sort|0980|{{cvt|980|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=June 27, 2007 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2007/brack/bracka20070627.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=13 February 2012}} | A rather unseasonal weather system brought gale-force winds to the UK, but was more memorable for causing severe flooding, with many areas receiving more than a months' rainfall in a single day. The storm exacerbated existing flooding problems (caused by violent thunderstorms a week earlier) and areas such as Sheffield were worst affected. Over 102 flood warnings were issued, and by 29 June, five people were dead, many areas flooded and there was severe damage to the Ulley reservoir, where cracks appeared in the dam wall, causing fears that it might collapse. 700 people were evacuated from the area. Over 3000 properties were flooded across the country and more than 3,500 people were evacuated from their homes. See June 2007 United Kingdom floods. |
Tilo (Andrea) | {{Sort|20071106|6–11 November 2007}} | {{Sort|0974|{{cvt|974|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=November 9, 2007 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2007/brack/bracka20071109.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=18 February 2012}} | A strong European windstorm struck Northern Scotland. All schools in Orkney were closed and hundreds of homes lost power. Gusts as high as {{cvt|90|mph|km/h}} were reported, along with early snow for the Scottish highlands. The Northlink ferry company cancelled sailings between Lerwick and Aberdeen. There were also reports of trees and roofs being blown down, such as in Grampian. The combination of Northwesterly winds exceeding {{cvt|60|mph|km/h}}, low pressure and high spring tides led authorities to expect severe flooding in the east of England, to close the Thames Barrier. Many said that these conditions mirrored the North Sea Flood of 1953. In the Netherlands, the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier and the gigantic Maeslantkering (sealing off the Rotterdam harbor) were closed. For the first time since 1976, the entire coastline was put on alert and under round-the-clock surveillance. The tidal surge traveling down the North Sea turned out to be too weak to cause any significant problems to the strong Dutch coastal defenses. |
Paula | {{Sort|20080124|24–27 January 2008}} | {{Sort|0971|{{cvt|971|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 25, 2008 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2008/brack/bracka20080125.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=18 February 2012}} | A strong European windstorm, Paula hit Poland, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. At least one person died in Poland.{{cite web|title=Wind storm causes outages across Europe|date=27 January 2008 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22867635|publisher=NBC News|access-date=9 July 2012}} The gusts reached {{cvt|165|km/h|mph}} in the Eastern Alps, {{cvt|155|km/h|mph}} in Poland, {{cvt|150|km/h|mph}} in Norway and {{cvt|140|km/h|mph}} in Germany. |
Emma | {{Sort|20080228|28 February–7 March 2008}} | {{Sort|0959|{{cvt|959|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=March 1, 2008 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2008/brack/bracka20080301.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=18 February 2012}} | A strong European windstorm, Emma hit Germany, Austria, Czech Republic and Poland. At least 12 people died. The gusts reached {{cvt|190|km/h|mph}} in Eastern Alps, {{cvt|170|km/h|mph}} in Poland and {{cvt|140|km/h|mph}} in Germany and Czech Republic. The results were catastrophic. |
Klaus | {{Sort|20090123|23–27 January 2009}} | {{Sort|0963|{{cvt|963|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=January 24, 2009 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2009/brack/bracka20090124.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=18 February 2012}} | A European windstorm that hit southern France and northern Spain, said to be the most damaging in the area since that of December 1999. The storm caused widespread damage across the countries, especially in northern Spain. Twelve fatalities have been reported as of 24 January, as well as extensive disruptions of public transport. Many homes lost power, including over a million in southwestern France. The gusts reached {{cvt|206|km/h|mph}}. Wildfires were also in Catalonia and Benidorm. |
Quinten | {{Sort|20090208|8–13 February 2009}} | {{Sort|0975|{{cvt|975|hPa|inHg}}}}{{cite web|title=February 10, 2009 surface analysis|url=http://www.wetterzentrale.de/archive/2009/brack/bracka20090210.gif|work=Met Office|access-date=18 February 2012}} | Severe windstorm across France, the Benelux and Germany in early February. Highest winds were recorded at the Feldberg-Mountain (Black Forest), Germany. Here the gusts reached {{cvt|166|km/h|mph}}. |
= 2010–2018 =
= Since 2019 =
class="wikitable sortable" | ||
Official name
!Formed !Dissipated !Season | Minimum pressure
!Highest wind gust | Areas affected
!Notes |
---|---|---|
Ex-Hurricane Lorenzo
|{{sort|20190923|23 September 2019}} |{{sort|20191004|4 October 2019}} |{{convert|954|hPa|inHg|abbr=}} |{{convert|101|mph|kph|abbr=}} |West Africa, Cape Verde, Lesser Antilles, Eastern United States, Azores, United Kingdom, Ireland, France |
| ||
Storm Ciara
|{{sort|20200207|07 February 2020}} |{{sort|20200216|16 February 2020}} | {{convert|943|hPa|inHg|abbr=}}
|{{convert|136|mph|kph|abbr=}} |{{Sort|1,600,000,000|£1.6 billion / €1.9 billion}}{{Cite web|url=https://alert.air-worldwide.com/EventSummary.aspx?e=938&tp=31&c=1|title=ALERT :: Event Summary|website=alert.air-worldwide.com|access-date=2020-02-28}} | United Kingdom, Ireland, Isle of Man, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Spain
|
|
Storm Dennis
|{{sort|20200213|13 February 2020}} |{{sort|20200219|19 February 2020}} |{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|abbr=}} |{{convert|140|mph|kph|abbr=}} |{{Sort|260,000,000|£234 million / €260 million}}{{Cite web|last=Lucas|first=Paul|title=Revealed – initial loss estimate for Storm Dennis|url=https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/uk/news/breaking-news/revealed--initial-loss-estimate-for-storm-dennis-218305.aspx|access-date=2020-08-19|website=www.insurancebusinessmag.com|language=en}} |United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany |
| ||
Storm Ellen
|18 August 2020 |20 August 2020 |{{convert|966|hPa|inHg|abbr=}} |{{convert|89|mph|kph|abbr=}} | |United Kingdom, Ireland |
|
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/adopt-a-vortex/tief Free University Berlin Adopt a Vortex]
- [http://www.europeanwindstorms.org/ Met Office, University of Exeter & University of Reading: Extreme Wind Storms Catalogue]
- [http://www.meteofrance.fr/prevoir-le-temps/phenomenes-meteo/les-tempetes Météo-France: Notable storms in France] {{in lang|fr}}
- [http://www.meteofrance.fr/documents/10192/263648/Graphe+Temp%C3%AAtes+remarquables+depuis+1980.png/92ce383e-9790-4b6e-baad-62c55f26bedc?t=1392904357826 Graph of notable storms in France since 1980]
- [http://tempetes.meteo.fr/spip.php?rubrique6 Météo-France Historic Storms (in French)]
- [http://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/lijsten/zwarestormen KNMI list of severe storms]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131358/https://www.met.no/vaer-og-klima/farevarsel-og-ekstremvaer/norske-ekstremvaer-far-navn List of extreme weather events named by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute] {{in lang|no}}
- [http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/stormar-i-sverige-1.5770 Stormar i Sverige (Storms in Sweden)] {{in lang|sv}}
- [http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Stormlisten/storme-2.pdf DMI; Storms in Denmark Since 1891 (continuously updated)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208160047/http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Stormlisten/storme-2.pdf |date=8 December 2017 }}
{{European windstorms}}
{{European windstorm seasons}}
{{Weather events in the United Kingdom}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:European Windstorm}}