List of FBI controversies#Peter Strzok's dismissal

The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The reason for the existence of the files varied. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).{{cite web|title=Reading Room Index|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation|url=http://vault.fbi.gov|access-date=February 22, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219152702/http://vault.fbi.gov/|archive-date=February 19, 2012}}

A 1985 wiretapping and civil liberties report by the U.S. Congress found that the FBI had "installed over 7,000 national security surveillances," including many on American citizens, from 1940 to 1960.{{Cite journal|last=Agur|first=Colin|date=2013|title=Negotiated Order: The Fourth Amendment, Telephone Surveillance, and Social Interactions, 1878-1968|journal=Information & Culture|volume=48|issue=4|pages=419–447}}

File:1965 FBI monograph on Nation of Islam - Elijah Muhammad.png (1965): Elijah Muhammad]]

COINTELPRO tactics have been alleged to include discrediting targets through psychological warfare, smearing individuals and/or groups using forged documents and by planting false reports in the media, harassment, wrongful imprisonment, and illegal violence, including assassination.[http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIc.htm The FBI'S Covert Action Program to Destroy the Black Panther Party] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113102047/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIc.htm |date=January 13, 2013 }}FBI Secrets: An Agent's Expose. M. Wesley Swearingen. Boston. South End Press. 1995. Special Agent Gregg York: "We expected about twenty Panthers to be in the apartment when the police raided the place. Only two of those black nigger fuckers were killed, Fred Hampton and Mark Clark." The FBI's stated motivation was "protecting national security, preventing violence, and maintaining the existing social and political order."{{cite web |url=http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/churchcommittee.html |title=Final Report, S. Rep. No. 94-755 (1976), Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities, Book III, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans |publisher=Intelligence.senate.gov |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062808/http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/churchcommittee.html |archive-date=November 4, 2013 }}

FBI records show that 85 percent of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive",Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri. THE FBI, Yale University Press, 2008, p. 189 including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups (e.g., Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party); the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled "New Left", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement;{{cite web|title=The Women's Liberation Movement and COINTELPRO|url=https://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|website=www.freedomarchives.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724013050/http://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Curr%20C101/Cointelpro%20and%20Women's%20Liberation.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-24|url-status=live}} nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement. The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.{{refn|{{cite web|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIa.htm |access-date=October 25, 2006 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019170937/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIa.htm |archive-date=October 19, 2006 |publisher=ICDC |title=Final Report, 2A }}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIcb.htm|title=Final Report,2Cb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407085238/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIcb.htm|archive-date=April 7, 2005}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIa.htm|title=Final Report, 3A|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113092955/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIa.htm|archive-date=November 13, 2011}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIg.htm|title=Final Report, 3G|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407051001/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIg.htm|archive-date=April 7, 2005}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cpusa.htm|title=CPUSA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211104916/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cpusa.htm|archive-date=February 11, 2008}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/swp.htm|title=SWP|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210110450/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/swp.htm|archive-date=December 10, 2006}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/blacknationalist.htm|title=Black Nationalist|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422174359/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/blacknationalist.htm|archive-date=April 22, 2008}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/whitehate.htm|title=White Hate|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228011953/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/whitehate.htm|archive-date=February 28, 2008}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/newleft.htm|title=New Left|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214121914/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/newleft.htm|archive-date=February 14, 2008}}{{cite web|publisher=ICDC|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/pr.htm|title=Puerto Rico|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113101951/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIa.htm|archive-date=January 13, 2013}}{{cite web|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIa.htm |title=INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS |access-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019170937/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIa.htm |archive-date=October 19, 2006 |date=14 April 1976}}}}

The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Albizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Albizu Campos was considered the mastermind).American National Biography, [http://www.anb.org/articles/11/11-01225.html Pedro Albizu Campos] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408003601/http://www.anb.org/articles/11/11-01225.html |date=April 8, 2015 }}, accessed April 19, 2015. The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/28/nyregion/new-light-on-old-fbi-fight-decades-of-surveillance-of-puerto-rican-groups.html FBI Files on Puerto Ricans.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223121153/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/28/nyregion/new-light-on-old-fbi-fight-decades-of-surveillance-of-puerto-rican-groups.html |date=February 23, 2017 }} The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

In the 2000s, researchers obtained files released by the FBI under the Freedom of Information Act revealing that the San Juan FBI office had coordinated with FBI offices in New York, Chicago and other cities, in a decades-long surveillance of Albizu Campos and Puerto Ricans who had contact or communication with him. The documents available are as recent as 1965.{{cite web|url=http://www.pr-secretfiles.net/thematic_view.html?cat=18&item=199 |title=FBI Files on Pedro Albizu Campos |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806115007/http://www.pr-secretfiles.net/thematic_view.html?cat=18&item=199 |archive-date=August 6, 2014 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.pr-secretfiles.net/thematic_category.html?cat=12 |title=FBI Files on Surveillance of Puerto Ricans in general |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806110726/http://www.pr-secretfiles.net/thematic_category.html?cat=12 |archive-date=August 6, 2014 }}

From the 1950s to the 1980s, the governments of many Latin American and Caribbean countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico and others were infiltrated by the FBI.[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/473884.Che_Guevara_and_the_FBI Che Guevara and the FBI: U.S. Political Police Dossier on the Latin American Revolutionary.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513014007/http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/473884.Che_Guevara_and_the_FBI |date=May 13, 2014 }}

Michael Ratner. 1997. Retrieved December 13, 2103. These operations began in World War II as 700 agents were assigned to monitor Nazi activity, but soon expanded to monitoring communist activity in places like Ecuador.{{cite web |url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-fbi-in-latin-america |title=The FBI in Latin America |publisher=dukepress.edu|date=September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210301125029/https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-fbi-in-latin-america |archive-date=1 March 2021|access-date=12 August 2022}}

In one particularly controversial 1965 incident, white civil rights worker Viola Liuzzo was murdered by Ku Klux Klansmen, who gave chase and fired shots into her car after noticing that her passenger was a young black man; one of the Klansmen was Gary Thomas Rowe, an acknowledged FBI informant.Gary May, The Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Luzzo, Yale University Press, 2005.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/30/AR2005063001422_pf.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Jonathan Yardley |access-date=April 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504041637/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/30/AR2005063001422_pf.html |archive-date=May 4, 2011 |url-status=live}} The FBI spread rumors that Liuzzo was a member of the Communist Party and a heroin addictJack Anderson (March 21, 1983). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19830321&id=QV1GAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zTENAAAAIBAJ&pg=2477,2441456&hl=en "Hoover smear tactics hurt civil rights case"]. The Evening News. and had abandoned her children to have sexual relationships with African Americans involved in the civil rights movement.{{cite web |url=http://www25-temp.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/violaliuzzo.html |title=Viola Liuzzo |author=Joanne Giannino |work=Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography |access-date=September 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227131648/http://www25-temp.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/violaliuzzo.html |archive-date=December 27, 2008 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/history/viola/viola.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990427180231/http://www.detroitnews.com/history/viola/viola.htm |archive-date=April 27, 1999 |title=The Detroit housewife who moved a nation toward racial justice |author=Kay Houston |work= The Detroit News, Rearview Mirror }} FBI records show that J. Edgar Hoover personally communicated these insinuations to President Johnson.{{cite web |url=http://www.plantingseedsmedia.com/violaliuzzo.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223045502/http://www.plantingseedsmedia.com/violaliuzzo.html |archive-date=February 23, 2006 |title=Uncommon Courage: The Viola Liuzzo Story}}{{cite book |author=Mary Stanton |title=From Selma to Sorrow: The Life and Death of Viola Liuzzo |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year= 2000 |page=190}}

{{Main|Waco siege}}

The Waco siege in 1993 was a failed raid by the ATF that resulted in the deaths of four ATF agents and six Branch Davidians. The FBI and US military became involved with the 51-day siege that followed. The building housing the Davidians was burnt down, killing 76 of them, including 26 children. Timothy McVeigh was reportedly motivated by the outcome of this siege, along with Ruby Ridge incident, to carry out the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/1990s/waco-siege|title=Waco Siege|publisher=history.com|date=19 December 2017|access-date=12 August 2022}}

{{Main|Ruby Ridge standoff}}

The Ruby Ridge siege in 1992 was a shootout between the FBI and Randy Weaver over his failure to appear in court on weapons charges. Weaver's wife and son were killed by FBI gunmen in the incident. A US Marshal was shot in what was ruled reasonable self-defense. The US Government paid over 3 million dollars in an out-of-court settlement and $380,000 court awarded settlement.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/randy-weaver-ruby-ridge-impact-1.6448991|title=Randy Weaver, key figure behind bloody Ruby Ridge standoff near Canada-U.S. border, dies|publisher=cbc.ca|date=14 May 2022|access-date=12 August 2022}}

{{Main|1996 United States campaign finance controversy}}

The U.S. Department of Justice investigation into the fund-raising activities had uncovered evidence that Chinese agents sought to direct contributions from foreign sources to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the 1996 presidential campaign. The Chinese embassy in Washington, D.C. was used for coordinating contributions to the DNC.Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"], Washington Post, February 13, 1997{{cite news |title=Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?destination=%2farchive%2fpolitics%2f1998%2f02%2f10%2ffindings-link-clinton-allies-to-chinese-intelligence%2f87265d5d-7452-41f2-ad2f-aa4abe7e579e%2f%3f |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 11, 1998}}

In addition to partisan complaints from Republicans, a number of FBI agents suggested the investigations into the fund-raising controversies were willfully impeded.Krauthammer, Charles, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/op101097.htm "Reno's Humiliation"] (Opinion), Washington Post, October 10, 1997Safire, William, [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C12FB3E550C748CDDA90994D1494D81 "Those Chinese Agents"] (Opinion), New York Times, October 7, 1999Kondracke, Morton, [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/kondracke080999.asp "GOP must launch new probe of Chinagate"] (Opinion), Jewish World Review, August 9, 1999 FBI agent Ivian Smith wrote a letter to FBI Director Louis Freeh that expressed "a lack of confidence" in the Justice Department's attorneys regarding the fund-raising investigation. FBI agent Daniel Wehr told Congress that the first head U.S. attorney in the investigation, Laura Ingersoll, told the agents they should "not pursue any matter related to solicitation of funds for access to the president. The reason given was, 'That's the way the American political process works.' I was scandalized by that," Wehr said. The four FBI agents also said that Ingersoll prevented them from executing search warrants to stop destruction of evidence and micromanaged the case beyond all reason.[https://www.usatoday.com/news/index/finance/ncfin359.htm "FBI agents criticize Justice Department"], Associated Press, September 22, 1999

FBI agents were also denied the opportunity to ask President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore questions during Justice Department interviews in 1997 and 1998 and were only allowed to take notes.[https://www.usatoday.com/news/index/finance/ncfin363.htm "Justice's Clinton, Gore inquiry criticized"], Associated Press, December 16, 1999

During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/us/in-150-shootings-the-fbi-deemed-agents-faultless.html "The F.B.I. Deemed Agents Faultless in 150 Shootings,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201130225/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/us/in-150-shootings-the-fbi-deemed-agents-faultless.html |date=February 1, 2017 }} by Charlie Savage and Michael Schmidt, June 18, 2013, New York Times.

The FBI has been criticized for its handling of Boston organized crime figure Whitey Bulger.[https://ideas.time.com/2013/08/12/the-fbi-kept-whitey-bulger-free-for-decades/ The Feds Let 'Whitey' Get Away With Murder: FBI agents and other officials protected James "Whitey" Bulger as he roamed free for decades. Is there a statute of limitations on corrupting the system?] Mike Barnicle. TIME. August 12, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.{{cite news| date = June 23, 2011| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/23/us/23bulger.html| title = Whitey Bulger Is Arrested in California| last1 = Nagorney| first1 = Adam| first2 = Ian| last2 = Lovett| work = The New York Times| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223191758/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/23/us/23bulger.html| archive-date = February 23, 2017}}{{cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/us/24southie.html| title = In South Boston, Mixed Memories of Whitey Bulger| work = The New York Times| first = Katie| last = Zezima| date = June 23, 2011| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170201130344/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/us/24southie.html| archive-date = February 1, 2017}} Beginning in 1975, Bulger served as an informant for the FBI.{{cite web|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/tal/PubArticleTAL.jsp?id=1202481896363&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1 |title=law.com |publisher=law.com |date=February 13, 2011 |access-date=January 2, 2012}} As a result, the Bureau largely ignored his organization in exchange for information about the inner workings of the Italian American Patriarca crime family.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-helped-bulger-evade-detection-ex-cop-says/ |title=FBI helped Bulger evade detection, ex-cop says |publisher=CBS News |access-date=June 27, 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627013538/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/06/24/earlyshow/main20073987.shtml |archive-date=June 27, 2011 }}{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/whitey-bulger-arrest-may-revive-old-scandals/ |title=Whitey Bulger arrest may revive old scandals |publisher=CBS News |access-date=June 27, 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627003117/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/06/24/national/main20073965.shtml |archive-date=June 27, 2011 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.necn.com/06/23/11/FBI-corruption-and-Whitey-Bulger/landing_newengland.html?blockID=537048&feedID=4206 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919072801/http://www.necn.com/06/23/11/FBI-corruption-and-Whitey-Bulger/landing_newengland.html?blockID=537048&feedID=4206 |url-status=dead|archive-date=September 19, 2012 |title=FBI corruption and Whitey Bulger |publisher=necn.com |date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=June 27, 2011}}

In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/james-j.-bulger |title=James J. Bulger |publisher=fbi.gov |date=September 3, 1929 |access-date=June 27, 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516101251/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/james-j.-bulger |archive-date=May 16, 2011 }} Beginning in 1997, the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger. The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI.{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/24/whitey-bulger-arrested_n_884043.html |title=Nabbed Gangster 'Whitey' Bulger Could Spill FBI Corruption Secrets |work=The Huffington Post |first=John |last=Rudolf |date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119170033/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/24/whitey-bulger-arrested_n_884043.html |archive-date=January 19, 2016 }}{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/james-whitey-bulgers-capture-could-cause-trouble-inside-the-fbi/2011/06/24/AGis2cjH_story.html | title = James 'Whitey' Bulger's capture could cause trouble inside the FBI | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = June 25, 2011 | first = Felicia | last = Sonmez | url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100553/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/james-whitey-bulgers-capture-could-cause-trouble-inside-the-fbi/2011/06/24/AGis2cjH_story.html | archive-date = July 16, 2017 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20100307012744/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124208012 "Capture Of Boston Gangster Could Mean More Scandal"] NPR. In 2002, Special Agent John J Connolly was convicted of federal racketeering charges for helping Bulger avoid arrest. In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival. In 2014, that conviction was overturned on a technicality. Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.Florida Court Overturns Murder Conviction of FBI Agent, by Timothy Williams, May 29, 2014, New York Times

In June 2011, the 81-year-old Bulger was arrested in Santa Monica, California.{{cite news|title=Famed crime boss James 'Whitey' Bulger arrested in Santa Monica|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/06/whitey-bulger-arrest-santa-monica.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 22, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624233237/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/06/whitey-bulger-arrest-santa-monica.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/23/us/23bulger.html|title=Whitey Bulger Is Arrested in California|date=June 23, 2011|work=The New York Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223191758/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/23/us/23bulger.html|archive-date=February 23, 2017}}{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2011-06-23-fugitive-whitey-bulger-arrest_n.htm |title=Mobster Whitey Bulger arrested in California |work=USA Today |date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=June 27, 2011 |first=Kevin |last=Johnson |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626170611/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2011-06-23-fugitive-whitey-bulger-arrest_n.htm |archive-date=June 26, 2011 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20110626231752/http://losangeles.ibtimes.com/articles/168679/20110623/america-s-most-wanted-fugitive-james-whitey-bulger-caught.htm "One of America's Top Fugitives James "Whitey" Bulger: Caught in Santa Monica"] International Business Times{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2012/11/05/mass-mobster-bulger-reportedly-taken-hospital/ATFJkZJNfsP47BZN0ma8UI/story.html |title=Mass. Mobster Bulger Reportedly Taken to Hospital |publisher=Boston.com |agency=AP |date=November 5, 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214060528/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2012/11/05/mass-mobster-bulger-reportedly-taken-hospital/ATFJkZJNfsP47BZN0ma8UI/story.html |archive-date=December 14, 2013 }} Bulger was tried on 32 counts of racketeering, money laundering, extortion, and weapons charges; including complicity in 19 murders.{{cite news|title='Whitey' Bulger defense claims he was no informant, questions credibility of prosecution witnesses|url=https://www.boston.com/metrodesk/2013/06/12/james-whitey-bulger-was-not-informant-for-the-fbi-defense-claims/n5VUIfQbrPxdD3S1QjKTEP/story.html|access-date=August 12, 2013|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=June 12, 2013|author=Shelley Murphy|author2=Milton J. Valencia|author3=Brian Ballou|author4=John R. Ellement|author5=Martin Finucane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630113356/http://www.boston.com/metrodesk/2013/06/12/james-whitey-bulger-was-not-informant-for-the-fbi-defense-claims/n5VUIfQbrPxdD3S1QjKTEP/story.html|archive-date=June 30, 2013}} In August 2013, the jury found him guilty on 31 counts, and having been involved in 11 murders.{{cite news|title=Whitey Bulger, notorious Boston gangster, convicted in sweeping racketeering case; jury finds he participated in 11 murders|url=https://boston.com/metrodesk/2013/08/12/bulgerverdict/1Kj1TAeB6WgVH00lFmufgL/story.html|access-date=August 12, 2013|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=August 12, 2013|author=Shelley Murphy|author2=Milton J. Valencia|author3=Martin Finucane|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815052957/http://www.boston.com/metrodesk/2013/08/12/bulgerverdict/1Kj1TAeB6WgVH00lFmufgL/story.html|archive-date=August 15, 2013}} Bulger was sentenced to two consecutive life terms plus five years.{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-whitey-bulger-sentence-20131114,0,443896.story |work=Chicago Tribune |title=Topic Galleries |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117055621/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-whitey-bulger-sentence-20131114%2C0%2C443896.story |archive-date=November 17, 2013 }}

On February 20, 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He was serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado until his death on June 5, 2023. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001, at Foxstone ParkAdrian Havill, crimelibrary.com. [http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/hanssen/2.html His fate is sealed] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907223240/http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/spies/hanssen/2.html |date=September 7, 2007 }}. Retrieved September 10, 2007 near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period.{{cite book |last=Wise |first=David |author-link=David Wise (journalist) |title=Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBI's Robert Hanssen Betrayed America |publisher=Random House Publishers |year=2003 |isbn=0-375-75894-1 |page=8}} On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.[http://cryptome.org/usa-v-rph-gp.htm Transcript of Hanssen Guilty Plea] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304102205/http://cryptome.org/usa-v-rph-gp.htm |date=March 4, 2007 }}, July 6, 2001. Retrieved February 22, 2007.United States Department of Justice [http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/July/308ag.htm Thompson Statement Regarding Hanssen Guilty Plea] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930122313/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/July/308ag.htm |date=September 30, 2006 }} July 6, 2001. Retrieved February 22, 2007. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history"."[https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html A Review of FBI Security Programs]" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |date=November 7, 2015 }} (Webster Report) (March 2002). Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs, United States Department of Justice.

File:Filiberto ojeda rios fbi photograph 02 with black border.jpg died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005.]]

In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents that some believe was an assassination.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government was not informed of it.{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2005/09/25/fugitive_is_killed_in_fbi_stakeout/ |title=Fugitive is killed in FBI stakeout |date=September 25, 2005 |newspaper=The Boston Globe |access-date=May 5, 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023064705/http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2005/09/25/fugitive_is_killed_in_fbi_stakeout/ |archive-date=October 23, 2012 }} The FBI refused to release information beyond the official press release, citing security and agent privacy issues. The Puerto Rico Justice Department filed suit in federal court against the FBI and the US Attorney General, demanding information crucial to the Commonwealth's own investigation of the incident. The case was dismissed by the U.S. Supreme Court.{{cite news|url=https://www.azcentral.com/lavoz/spanish/us/articles/us_135865.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118002013/http://www.azcentral.com/lavoz/spanish/us/articles/us_135865.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2013|title=Revés para Puerto Rico en caso de independentista muerto por FBI|date=March 31, 2008|publisher=Azcentral|language=es|access-date=May 5, 2009}} Ojeda Rios' funeral was attended by a long list of dignitaries, including the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico, Archbishop Roberto Octavio González Nieves, ex-Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, and numerous other personalities.[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ojeda-1.htm Funeral Service for Filiberto Ojeda Ríos] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318033605/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ojeda-1.htm |date=March 18, 2012 }} Retrieved July 20, 2009.

In the aftermath of his death, the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization approved a draft resolution urging a "probe of [the] pro-independence killing, human rights abuses", after "Petitioner after petitioner condemned the assassination of Mr. Ojeda Rios by agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)".{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/gacol3138.doc.htm|title=Request for Condemnation of Ojeda-Rios' assassination by the United States.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917112919/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/gacol3138.doc.htm|archive-date=September 17, 2007}}

In 2007, an agent working in Seattle, Washington for the FBI impersonated an Associated Press (AP) journalist and unwittingly infected the computer of a 15-year old suspect with a malicious surveillance software.{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Mary Ann |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |title=Associated Press sues after FBI impersonates journalist in sting operation |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 27, 2015 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101449/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Reilly |first=Ryan |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/fbi-impersonate-ap-journalist_us_57dab3efe4b0071a6e05a3a7 |title=An FBI Agent Did A Pretty Terrible Job Of Pretending To Be A Journalist |work=HuffPost |date=September 15, 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306211618/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/fbi-impersonate-ap-journalist_us_57dab3efe4b0071a6e05a3a7 |archive-date=March 6, 2018 }} The incident sparked a strongly-worded statement from the AP demanding the bureau refrain from ever impersonating a member of the news media again.{{cite news |last=Tucker |first=Eric |url=https://apnews.com/920b9db9559442a18dcd05037e3093c4 |title=AP demands FBI never again impersonate journalist |work=Associated Press |date=November 10, 2014 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101310/https://apnews.com/920b9db9559442a18dcd05037e3093c4 |archive-date=December 24, 2017 }} Moreover, in September 2016 the incident resulted in a condemnation by the Justice Department.{{cite news |last=Tucker |first=Eric |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/09/15/ap-justice-department-report-effectively-condones-fbi-impersonation-incident/ |title=Justice Department report 'effectively condone[s]' FBI impersonation incident |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 15, 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101226/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/09/15/ap-justice-department-report-effectively-condones-fbi-impersonation-incident/ |archive-date=December 24, 2017 }}

In December 2017, following a US court appearance, a judge ruled in favor of the AP in a lawsuit against the FBI for fraudulently impersonating a member of the news media.{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Kelly |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/appeals-court-sides-with-associated-press-in-lawsuit-against-fbi/article/2643647 |title=Appeals Court sides with Associated Press in lawsuit against FBI |work=Washington Examiner |date=December 15, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101355/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/appeals-court-sides-with-associated-press-in-lawsuit-against-fbi/article/2643647 |archive-date=December 24, 2017 }}{{cite news |last=Gresko |first=Jessica |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-bc-us--fbi-impersonation-of-journalists-20171113-story.html |title=US court hears case involving impersonation of AP journalist |work=Chicago Tribune |date=November 15, 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101405/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-bc-us--fbi-impersonation-of-journalists-20171113-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 }}

In August 2007, Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created WikiScanner, a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available records pertaining to the Internet IP addresses edits were made from.{{cite magazine |last=Borland |first=John |url=https://www.wired.com/politics/onlinerights/news/2007/08/wiki_tracker?currentPage=all |title=See Who's Editing Wikipedia – Diebold, the CIA, a Campaign |magazine=Wired |date=November 17, 2005 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925091345/http://www.wired.com/politics/onlinerights/news/2007/08/wiki_tracker?currentPage=all |archive-date=September 25, 2012 }} Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress,{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060130-6079.html|title=Congressional staffers edit boss's bio on Wikipedia|work=Ars Technica|date=30 January 2006 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012062850/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060130-6079.html|archive-date=October 12, 2008}}{{cite news |last=Fildes |first=Jonathan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6947532.stm |title=Technology | Wikipedia 'shows CIA page edits' |work=BBC News |date=August 15, 2007 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203123919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6947532.stm |archive-date=February 3, 2012 }}{{cite news |author=Bobbie Johnson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/aug/15/wikipedia.corporateaccountability |title=Companies and party aides cast censorious eye over Wikipedia |work=The Guardian |date=August 14, 2007 |access-date=February 12, 2012 |location=London |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172925/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/aug/15/wikipedia.corporateaccountability |archive-date=October 2, 2013 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/258483|title=McCain Accused Of Plagiarism, Campaign Releases Internal Memo And Denies Claim|author=Susan Duclos|date=August 12, 2008|publisher=Digital Journal|access-date=April 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728013421/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/258483|archive-date=July 28, 2014}} and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves. The tool was designed to detect conflict of interest edits.{{cite magazine |last=Poulsen |first=Kevin |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/08/vote-on-the-top/ |title=Vote On the Most Shameful Wikipedia Spin Jobs – UPDATED | Threat Level |magazine=Wired |date=August 13, 2007 |access-date=April 1, 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415222205/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/08/vote-on-the-top |archive-date=April 15, 2012 }} Among his findings were that FBI computers were used to edit the FBI article on Wikipedia.{{cite news |last=Mikkelsen |first=Randall |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-security-wikipedia-idUSN1642896020070816 |title=CIA, FBI computers used for Wikipedia edits |work=Reuters |date=August 16, 2007 |access-date=February 12, 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104164746/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/16/us-security-wikipedia-idUSN1642896020070816 |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }} Although the edits correlated with known FBI IP addresses, there was no evidence that the changes actually came from a member or employee of the FBI, only that someone who had access to their network had edited the FBI article on Wikipedia. Wikipedia spokespersons received Griffith's "WikiScanner" positively, noting that it helped prevent conflicts of interest from influencing articles as well as increasing transparency and mitigating attempts to remove or distort relevant facts.{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wikipedia-and-the-art-of-censorship-13468416.html |title=Wikipedia and the art of censorship |work=Belfast Telegraph |date=August 18, 2007 |access-date=March 14, 2012}}

{{Unsourced section|date=May 2025}}

After the Boston Marathon Bombings in 2013, Ibragim Todashev was killed by the FBI during an interrogation.{{Cite news |date=2014-03-21 |title=FBI agent cleared in fatal shooting of Ibragim Todashev |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-26687067 |access-date=2025-05-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Todashev was an associate of Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the mastermind of the two bombers who was killed by the Boston police.

{{Main|Stoneman Douglas High School shooting}}

On February 16, 2018, two days after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the FBI released a statement detailing information the organization's Public Access Line had received a month prior, on January 5, from a person close to Nikolas Cruz, the suspected shooter. According to the statement, "The caller provided information about Cruz's gun ownership, desire to kill people, erratic behavior, and disturbing social media posts, as well as the potential of him conducting a school shooting." After conducting an investigation, the FBI reported that it had not followed protocol when the tip was not forwarded to the Miami Field Office, where further investigative steps would have been taken to prevent the mass killing.{{cite web |title=FBI Statement on the Shooting in Parkland, Florida |url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |date=February 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217004949/https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}

{{main|Hillary Clinton email controversy}}

On July 5, 2016, then-FBI Director James Comey announced the bureau's recommendation that the United States Department of Justice file no criminal charges relating to the Hillary Clinton email controversy.{{cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|last2=Lichtblau|first2=Eric|title=STERN REBUKE, BUT NO CHARGES FOR CLINTON: F.B.I. Calls Email Use 'Extremely Careless'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/us/politics/hillary-clinton-fbi-email-comey.html|access-date=July 6, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=July 6, 2016|page=A1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201130107/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/us/politics/hillary-clinton-fbi-email-comey.html?ref=todayspaper|archive-date=February 1, 2017}} During an unusual 15 minute press conference in the J. Edgar Hoover Building, Comey called Secretary Clinton's and her top aides' behavior "extremely careless", but concluded that "no reasonable prosecutor would bring such a case".

On October 28, 2016, less than two weeks before the presidential election, Director Comey, a long-time Republican, announced in a letter to Congress that additional emails potentially related to the Clinton email controversy had been found and that the FBI will investigate "to determine whether they contain classified information as well as to assess their importance to our investigation."{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Ben|display-authors=etal|title=Newly discovered emails relating to Hillary Clinton case under review by FBI|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/28/fbi-reopens-hillary-clinton-emails-investigation|access-date=October 28, 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|date=October 28, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029114933/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/28/fbi-reopens-hillary-clinton-emails-investigation|archive-date=October 29, 2016}} At the time Comey sent his letter to Congress, the FBI had still not obtained a warrant to review any of the e-mails in question and was not aware of the content of any of the e-mails in question.{{cite news|last1=Isikoff|first1=Michael|title=Exclusive: FBI still does not have warrant to review new Abedin emails linked to Clinton probe|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/comey-wrote-bombshell-letter-to-congress-before-fbi-had-reviewed-new-emails-220219586.html|access-date=October 30, 2016|publisher=Yahoo|date=October 29, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030110659/https://www.yahoo.com/news/comey-wrote-bombshell-letter-to-congress-before-fbi-had-reviewed-new-emails-220219586.html|archive-date=October 30, 2016}} After Comey's letter to Congress, commentator Paul Callan of CNN and Niall O'Dowd of Irish Central compared Comey to J. Edgar Hoover in attempting to influence and manipulate elections. On November 6, 2016, in the face of constant pressure from both Republicans and Democrats, Comey conceded in a second letter to Congress that through the FBI's review of the new e-mails, there was no wrongdoing by Clinton.

On November 12, 2016, former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton directly attributed her election loss to Comey."[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/12/hillary-clinton-blames-election-loss-on-fbis-james-comey-in-call/ US election: Hillary Clinton blames loss on FBI's James Comey in call with top donors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419120707/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/12/hillary-clinton-blames-election-loss-on-fbis-james-comey-in-call/ |date=2018-04-19 }}"

File:Michael E. Horowitz official photo.jpg.]]

On June 14, 2018, Michael E. Horowitz, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice, released a report of a year-long investigation into misconduct at the DOJ and FBI over its probe of Hillary Clinton's private email server. Horowitz faulted James Comey, FBI Director at the time of the email server investigation, for deviating from bureau and Justice Department protocol, which damaged the agencies’ image of impartiality, according to the watchdog report.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/us/politics/fbi-inspector-general-comey-trump-clinton-report.html|title=Comey Cited as 'Insubordinate,' but Report Finds No Bias in F.B.I. Decision to Clear Clinton|first=Matt|last=Apuzzo|date=June 14, 2018|newspaper=The New York Times}}

Comey was also faulted for a 'troubling lack of direct or substantive communication' with Attorney General Loretta Lynch ahead of his July 5, 2016 press conference on Clinton's email probe and his subsequent letter to Congress in October 2016. The report read: "We found it extraordinary that, in advance of two such consequential decisions, the FBI director decided that the best course of conduct was to not speak directly and substantively with the attorney general about how best to navigate those decisions."{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/comey-ig-report-clinton-trump-fbi_us_5b1eb0ade4b0adfb826c6390|title=DOJ Watchdog Finds James Comey Broke FBI Rules In Clinton Case, Report Says|first=Ryan|last=Reilly|date=June 14, 2018|work=HuffPost}}

Moreover, it was determined, according to an internal FBI email and a memo from two GOP-led House committees, that foreign actors may had obtained access to Clinton's emails, including at least one email classified as "secret." The memo did not specify who the foreign actors involved were nor the content of the emails.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/foreign-actors-accessed-hillary-clinton-emails-documents-show|title='Foreign actors' accessed Hillary Clinton emails, documents show|first=Catherine|last=Herridge|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=Fox News}}

The watchdog probe found no evidence of political bias or criminal misconduct in Comey's decisions throughout the entire email server investigation. "We found no evidence that the conclusions by department prosecutors were affected by bias or other improper considerations," the report stated.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/14/watchdog-says-jim-comey-deviated-from-procedures-in-clinton-probe-but-had-no-political-bias-report.html|title=Watchdog blasts James Comey for damaging FBI reputation in Clinton probe but found no political bias|first=Dan|last=Mangan|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=CNBC}} Shortly after the release of the report, FBI Director Christopher Wray held a news briefing in Washington where he defended the bureau's integrity over the report's highly-critical findings, but vowed to hold agents accountable for any misconduct and said the FBI will make its employees undergo bias training.{{cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/news/media/Wray-IG-Report-Does-Not-Impugn-FBI-Integrity-1276353.php|title=Wray: IG Report Does Not 'Impugn' FBI Integrity|date=June 14, 2018|newspaper=Houston Chronicle }}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-fbi-wray/fbi-chief-says-agents-will-be-held-accountable-for-any-misconduct-idUSKBN1JA37T?il=0|title=FBI chief says agents will be held accountable for any misconduct|date=June 14, 2018|work=Reuters}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/14/fbi-orders-bias-training-employees-after-latest-em/|title=FBI vows to train employees to avoid bias after devastating report|first=Stephen|last=Dinan|date=June 14, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Times}}

Former Secretary of State Clinton, President Trump, lawmakers, and academics have commented on the report's findings, denouncing Comey and his breach of bureau norms, and five FBI employees that exchanged questionable text messages leading up to the 2016 US election.{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/5313035/hillary-clinton-twitter-response-inspector-generals-report-james-comey/|title=Hillary Clinton Tweets Three-Word Response to the Inspector General's Report on James Comey|date=June 14, 2018|magazine=TIME|df=mdy-all|access-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615022420/http://time.com/5313035/hillary-clinton-twitter-response-inspector-generals-report-james-comey/|archive-date=June 15, 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/6/14/17464868/trey-gowdy-inspector-general-report-fbi-texts|title=Trey Gowdy statement: IG report reveals "destructive level of animus" toward Trump at FBI |first=Li|last=Zhou|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=Vox}}{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/doj-ig-report-reaffirmed-trumps-suspicions-bias-fbi/story?id=55902862|title=DOJ IG report 'reaffirmed' Trump's 'suspicions' of bias of some in FBI: White House |first=Alexander|last=Mallin|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=ABC News}} All five employees, which include former counter-intelligence agent Peter Strzok, were referred by Horowitz for a separate investigation.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ig-refers-five-fbi-employees-for-investigation-as-more-anti-trump-messages-revealed|title=IG refers five FBI employees for investigation, as more anti-Trump messages revealed |first=Brooke|last=Singman|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=Fox News}}

{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}

On May 9, 2017, President Trump dismissed FBI Director Comey after Comey had misstated several key findings of the email investigation in his testimony to the Senate Judiciary Committee.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/comey-misstated-key-clinton-email-evidence-at-hearing-say-people-close-to-investigation/2017/05/09/074c1c7e-34bd-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html|title=President Trump dismisses FBI Director Comey|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=May 9, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509165958/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/comey-misstated-key-clinton-email-evidence-at-hearing-say-people-close-to-investigation/2017/05/09/074c1c7e-34bd-11e7-b373-418f6849a004_story.html|archive-date=May 9, 2017}} Many mainstream news outlets had questioned whether the dismissal was in response to Comey's request for more resources to expand the probe into Russian interference into the Presidential election.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/us/politics/comey-russia-investigation-fbi.html|title=Days Before Firing, Comey Asked for More Resources for Russia Inquiry|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Matthew|date=May 10, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 10, 2017|last2=Apuzzo|first2=Matt|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514213607/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/us/politics/comey-russia-investigation-fbi.html|archive-date=May 14, 2017}} Following Comey's dismissal, Deputy Director Andrew G. McCabe became acting director.New York Times, May 9, 2017, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510000911/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |date=May 10, 2017 }} On August 1, 2017, President Trump's nominee for FBI director Christopher A. Wray was officially confirmed by the Senate in a 92–5 vote and was sworn in as Director the next day.{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/345026-wray-officially-sworn-in-as-fbi-director/|title=Wray officially sworn in as FBI director|first=Julia|last=Manchester|date=August 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085024/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/345026-wray-officially-sworn-in-as-fbi-director|archive-date=August 5, 2017}}

The Inspector General of the Department of Justice, Michael E. Horowitz, publicized a report into misconduct at the DOJ and FBI over its handling of the Hillary Clinton private email server investigation. Horowitz criticized James Comey, FBI Director at the time of the investigation, for not following bureau and Justice Department protocol. The IG report, however, did not find any evidence of political bias or criminal misconduct in Comey's decisions throughout the email server investigation.{{cite magazine|url=https://theweek.com/5things/779006/justice-department-watchdog-expected-slam-fbi-over-clinton-email-probe|title=Justice Department watchdog expected to slam FBI over Clinton email probe|date=June 14, 2018|magazine=The Week}}

According to the report, Horowitz found that Comey had a 'troubling lack of direct or substantive communication' with Attorney General Loretta Lynch ahead of his July 5, 2016 press conference on Clinton's email probe and his letter to Congress in October 2016. "We found it extraordinary that, in advance of two such consequential decisions, the FBI director decided that the best course of conduct was to not speak directly and substantively with the attorney general about how best to navigate those decisions," according to the IG findings.{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/ig-report-clinton-email-investigation/index.html|title=Email investigation 'cast a cloud' over the FBI, report says|first=Laura|last=Jarrett|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=CNN}}

Moreover, the report also uncovered the use of a private Gmail account for FBI business utilized by Comey, despite warning employees about its usage. The act of misconduct was "inconsistent with" Justice Department policy, the watchdog investigation determined.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/14/james-comey-used-gmail-for-official-fbi-business-numerous-times.html|title=James Comey used Gmail for FBI business when director despite warning employees against it|first=Dan|last=Mangan|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=CNBC}}{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/14/james-comey-gmail-watchdog-646760 |title=Watchdog dings Comey's Gmail use |first=Aubree|last=Eliza Weaver|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=Politico}}

{{Main|Nunes memo}}

On February 2, 2018, a four-page confidential memo by Republican House Intelligence Committee chairman Devin Nunes was released after being signed by President Trump. According to the memo, a dossier by Christopher Steele and opposition research firm Fusion GPS was utilized by DOJ and FBI officials like E. W. Priestap for FISA warrants to surveil Trump's campaign member Carter Page. Additionally, former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, who resigned before the release of the memo, stated that the FISA warrant wouldn't have been obtained without the information in the Steele dossier. All four FISA applications were signed by McCabe, Rod Rosenstein, and former FBI Director James Comey.{{cite magazine|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/house-intel-memo-released-what-it-says/article/2647937|title=House Intelligence memo released: What it says|first=Byron|last=York|date=February 2, 2018|magazine=Washington Examiner|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202192327/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/house-intel-memo-released-what-it-says/article/2647937|archive-date=February 2, 2018}} President Trump commented on the release of the memo, saying: "A lot of people should be ashamed."{{cite web|url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/02/02/fisa-surveillance-memo-released-trump-reacts-allegations-bias-fbi-doj|title='A Lot of People Should Be Ashamed': Trump Reacts to Surveillance Memo|date=February 2, 2018|publisher=Fox News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202232332/http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/02/02/fisa-surveillance-memo-released-trump-reacts-allegations-bias-fbi-doj|archive-date=February 2, 2018}}

File:Andrew G. McCabe.jpg.]]

On March 16, 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions fired Andrew McCabe, former FBI deputy director, for allowing FBI officials to leak information to the media surrounding the Clinton Foundation investigation and then misleading investigators about the incident. The FBI's Office of Professional Responsibility recommended the firing two days prior. The allegations of misconduct were the result of an investigation by Michael E. Horowitz, the Inspector General specific to the DOJ appointed by former US President Barack Obama, who announced in January 2017 that the DOJ would be probing the FBI's actions leading up to the 2016 US election.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/fbis-andrew-mccabe-fired-doj-releases-statement/|title=FBI's Andrew McCabe fired, DOJ releases statement|date=March 16, 2018|publisher=Fox News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330004730/http://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2018/03/16/fbis-andrew-mccabe-fired-doj-releases-statement.html|archive-date=March 30, 2018}}

On March 21, 2018, FBI Director Christopher Wray said the firing of McCabe was done "by the book" and was not politically motivated.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/21/fbi-director-chris-wray-says-politics-didnt-influence-mccabe-firing-nbc.html|title=FBI Director Chris Wray says politics didn't influence McCabe firing|first=Kevin|last=Breuninger|date=March 21, 2018|publisher=CNBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330012444/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/21/fbi-director-chris-wray-says-politics-didnt-influence-mccabe-firing-nbc.html|archive-date=March 30, 2018}} On June 12, 2018, a lawyer representing McCabe sued the Department of Justice and the FBI pertaining to his firing.{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/12/619269943/lawyer-for-ex-fbi-deputy-director-mccabe-sues-government-over-his-firing|title=Lawyer For Ex-FBI Deputy Director McCabe Sues Government Over His Firing|first=Carrie|last=Johnson|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=NPR}}{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/12/politics/mccabe-doj-lawsuit/index.html|title=McCabe sues Justice, FBI for materials related to his firing|first=Laura|last=Jarrett|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=CNN}}

On September 6, 2018, it was disclosed to the media that a grand jury had begun investigating McCabe and summoning witnesses to determine if criminal charges should be filed for having misled the bureau. The probe is currently being handled by the U.S. attorney's office in D.C.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/prosecutors-use-grand-jury-as-investigation-of-andrew-mccabe-intensifies/2018/09/06/aa922b2e-b137-11e8-9a6a-565d92a3585d_story.html?noredirect=on|title=Prosecutors use grand jury as investigation of Andrew McCabe intensifies|first=Matt|last=Zapotosky|date=September 6, 2018|newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite web|url=https://www.thisisinsider.com/grand-jury-investigates-andrew-mccabe-2018-9|title=Prosecutors are using a grand jury to investigate whether former FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe misled the bureau|first=Sonam|last=Sheth|date=September 6, 2018|publisher=INSIDER}} McCabe was never charged with criminal wrongdoing, and on October 14, 2021, the Justice Department reversed his firing, settling the lawsuit he had filed asserting he was dismissed for political reasons. The government agreed to "rescind and vacate" McCabe's removal and correct its records to reflect that McCabe retired in good standing on March 19, 2018, as deputy director, and to pay his pension as well as $200,000 in missed pension payments.{{Cite news|title=Settlement Agreement, McCabe v. Garland, et al. |url=https://context-cdn.washingtonpost.com/notes/prod/default/documents/cbc97903-e82e-4c71-be14-7c603fe724b4/note/ccc87fd0-020b-4fdb-b491-9fbafccd3b6f.#page=1 |pages=2–5 |date=October 14, 2021|newspaper=Washington Post}} The government also agreed to pay more than $500,000 in legal fees McCabe had incurred and expunge any record of his being fired from FBI personnel records.{{Cite news|last=Goldman|first=Adam|date=2021-10-14|title=F.B.I. Official Fired Under Trump Wins Back His Pension|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/14/us/politics/andrew-mccabe-trump-fired-pension.html|access-date=2021-10-15|issn=0362-4331}} On October 27, 2021, Attorney General Merrick Garland testified about McCabe's lawsuit at an oversight hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee, stating that the DOJ lawyers defending the case "concluded that they needed to settle the case because of a likelihood of loss on the merits."{{cite AV media | people=Attorney General Merrick Garland | date=October 27, 2021 | publisher=CSPAN.com | time=1:30 | title=AG Garland Defends Settlement in Andrew McCabe Case |url= https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4983712/ag-garland-defends-settlement-andrew-mccabe-case}}

On April 13, 2018, a section regarding McCabe from the Department of Justice watchdog report was released to the public.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/04/13/watchdog-report-ex-fbi-deputy-director-misled-andrew-mccabe/|title=Watchdog report: Ex-FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe misled investigators|date=April 13, 2018|newspaper=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414012211/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/04/13/watchdog-report-ex-fbi-deputy-director-misled-andrew-mccabe/|archive-date=April 14, 2018}} According to the report, McCabe "lacked candor," including under oath, and authorized disclosures to the media in violation of FBI policy during a federal investigation into the Clinton Foundation.{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/5239764/andrew-mccabe-mislead-investigators-watchdog-report/|title=Watchdog Report Claims Ex-FBI Deputy Director McCabe Misled Investigators|first=Eric|last=Tucker|date=April 13, 2018|magazine=TIME|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414053618/http://time.com/5239764/andrew-mccabe-mislead-investigators-watchdog-report/|archive-date=April 14, 2018|df=mdy-all|access-date=April 13, 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/doj-ig-releases-explosive-report-that-led-to-firing-of-ex-fbi-deputy-director-andrew-mccabe/|title=DOJ IG releases explosive report that led to firing of ex-FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe|first=Adam|last=Shaw|date=April 13, 2018|publisher=Fox News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413191154/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/13/doj-ig-releases-explosive-report-that-led-to-firing-ex-fbi-deputy-director-andrew-mccabe.html|archive-date=April 13, 2018}} On April 19, 2018, the Justice Department inspector general had referred the findings of McCabe's misconduct to the U.S. Attorney's Office in Washington, D.C. for possible criminal charges, according to media reports.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/inspector-general-referred-findings-on-mccabe-to-us-attorney-for-consideration-of-criminal-charges/2018/04/19/a200cabc-43f3-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html|title=Inspector general referred findings on McCabe to U.S. attorney for consideration of criminal charges|first=Matt|last=Zapotosky|date=April 19, 2018|newspaper=Washington Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421094921/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/inspector-general-referred-findings-on-mccabe-to-us-attorney-for-consideration-of-criminal-charges/2018/04/19/a200cabc-43f3-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html|archive-date=April 21, 2018}}{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/04/will-andrew-mccabe-be-prosecuted/558491/|title=Will Andrew McCabe Be Prosecuted?|first=Adam|last=Serwer|date=April 19, 2018|magazine=The Atlantic|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420175559/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/04/will-andrew-mccabe-be-prosecuted/558491/|archive-date=April 20, 2018}} McCabe has denied the accusations of misconduct.{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/04/20/604313054/former-fbi-director-andrew-mccabes-camp-fires-back|title=Former FBI Director Andrew McCabe's Camp Fires Back|first=Carrie|last=Johnson|date=April 20, 2018|publisher=NPR|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420183119/https://www.npr.org/2018/04/20/604313054/former-fbi-director-andrew-mccabes-camp-fires-back|archive-date=April 20, 2018}}

In late-2017, during an interview with Circa, former FBI Supervisory special agent Jeffrey Danik spoke out against McCabe and the bureau over his handling of cases surrounding sexual discrimination, Hatch Act Violations, and Hillary Clinton's email server.{{cite web|url=https://www.circa.com/story/2017/09/27/nation/retired-agent-jeff-danik-says-fbi-wont-respond-to-his-foia-on-deputy-director-mccabe|title=Retired agent Jeff Danik says the FBI won't respond to his FOIA on Deputy Director McCabe|date=September 27, 2017|publisher=Circa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503112501/https://www.circa.com/story/2017/09/27/nation/retired-agent-jeff-danik-says-fbi-wont-respond-to-his-foia-on-deputy-director-mccabe|archive-date=May 3, 2018}} Around the same period of time, another former Supervisory Special Agent, Robyn Gritz, one of the bureau's top intelligence analysts and terrorism experts, filed a sexual discrimination complaint against the bureau. Gritz came forward with allegations of harassment by McCabe, who she said created a “cancer-like” bureaucracy striking fear in female agents, causing others to resign, and "poisoning the 7th floor," where management is housed in the FBI's Hoover Building.{{cite web|url=https://www.circa.com/story/2017/08/30/politics/former-fbi-agent-battling-deputy-director-mccabe-said-there-is-a-cancer-inside-the-fbi|title=A former FBI agent battling Deputy Director McCabe said there is a 'cancer' inside the FBI|date=August 30, 2017|publisher=Circa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503112432/https://www.circa.com/story/2017/08/30/politics/former-fbi-agent-battling-deputy-director-mccabe-said-there-is-a-cancer-inside-the-fbi|archive-date=May 3, 2018}} In an additional case, where a federal lawsuit was filed, another agent came forward with allegations of harassment and misogynistic behavior against women in particular, describing an increasing problem of sexism at the bureau.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/sexism-at-fbi-so-bad-they-had-long-running-joke-about-getting-sued-lawsuit-says/|title=Sexism at FBI So Bad They Had Long-Running Joke About Getting Sued, Lawsuit Says|first=Kimberly|last=Lawson|date=August 22, 2016|magazine=Vice|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503111954/https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/gvzz3x/sexism-at-fbi-so-bad-they-had-long-running-joke-about-getting-sued-lawsuit-says|archive-date=May 3, 2018}}

On August 10, 2018, Peter Strzok, a former counter-intelligence agent reassigned to the FBI's Human Resources department, was fired by the Bureau amid tensions over his role in exchanging questionable text messages with another FBI employee, Lisa Page, with whom he was engaged in an extramarital affair.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/13/fbi-fires-peter-strzok-agent-who-criticized-trump-in-text-messages/|title=Peter Strzok: FBI fires agent who criticized Trump in text messages|date=August 13, 2018|newspaper=The Guardian}} An attorney representing Strzok criticized the Bureau's actions, calling it "a departure from typical Bureau practice" and noting that it also "contradicts Director Wray's testimony to Congress and his assurances that the FBI intended to follow its regular process in this and all personal matters."

The firing came within months of an incident where Strzok was escorted out of an FBI building and also the release of an OIG report by the Department of Justice's inspector general Michael E. Horowitz. Several employees, including Strzok, were referred for a separate investigation by Horowitz for possible misconduct during the Clinton email probe.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/13/us/politics/peter-strzok-fired-fbi.html|title=F.B.I. Agent Peter Strzok, Who Criticized Trump in Texts, Is Fired|date=August 13, 2018|newspaper=New York Times}}{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fbi-agent-peter-strzok-escorted-from-fbi-building-lawyer-confirms/|title=FBI agent Peter Strzok 'escorted' from FBI building, lawyer confirms|date=August 13, 2018|publisher=Fox News}} President Trump praised the Bureau's dismissal, tweeting the following: “Agent Peter Strzok was just fired from the FBI ― finally. The list of bad players in the FBI & DOJ gets longer & longer.”{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-reacts-peter-strzok-fired_us_5b71a5ade4b0530743cbfbd0|title=Trump Reacts To Firing Of Peter Strzok, FBI Agent Who Sent Anti-Trump Texts|date=August 13, 2018|work=HuffPost}}

Strzok and Page each sued the Justice Department in 2019. Their lawsuits were consolidated. In May 2024, they reached a tentative settlement with the Justice Department.{{Cite news |last=Hsu |first=Spencer S. |date=2024-05-29 |title=Ex-FBI officials Strzok, Page near DOJ settlement over anti-Trump text leak |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/05/28/strzok-page-lawsuit-settlement-text-leak/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}} On July 26, it was revealed that Strzok will receive $1.2 million and Lisa Page will receive $800,000.{{cite web | last=Hsu | first=Spencer S. | title=Justice Dept. settles with ex-FBI officials over leak of anti-Trump texts | website=The Washington Post | date=July 26, 2024 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/26/strzok-page-fbi-settlement-trump-text-leak/ | access-date=July 26, 2024}}

In 2019, the Washington Post acknowledged that released documents show that agents of the FBI and ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement were using DMV state driver's license photos for facial-recognition searches.{{cite news |title=FBI, ICE find state driver's license photos are a gold mine for facial-recognition searches |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/07/fbi-ice-find-state-drivers-license-photos-are-gold-mine-facial-recognition-searches/?wpisrc=nl_headlines&wpmm=1 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=8 July 2019 |language=en}}

In January 2023, a retired senior FBI official and former agent in charge of the F.B.I.’s counterintelligence division in New York, Charles McGonigal, was charged with falsifying FBI reports, money laundering, conspiracy, and violating sanctions by working for Oleg Deripaska, a Russian aluminum manufacturer and oligarch.Kevin Carroll. (26 January 2023). "The National Security Implications of Charles McGonigal’s Arrest". [https://thedispatch.com/article/the-national-security-implications-of-charles-mcgonigals-arrest/ The Dispatch website] Retrieved 29 January 2023.Benjamin Weiser and William K. Rashbaum. (23 January 2023). ""Former Senior F.B.I. Official in New York Charged With Aiding Oligarch

". [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/nyregion/fbi-money-laundering-charles-mcgonigal.html?searchResultPosition=2 NY Times website] Retrieved 29 January 2023.

Defending Rights & Dissent, a civil liberties group, cataloged known instances of First Amendment abuses and political surveillance by the FBI since 2010. The organization found that the FBI devoted disproportionate resources to spy on left-leaning civil society groups, including Occupy Wall Street, economic justice advocates, racial justice movements, environmentalists, Abolish ICE, and various anti-war movements.{{cite web |last1=Chip |first1=Gibbons |title=Still Spying on Dissent |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z-i_XCoZub8ISKEe5DzjoMh0bPS5u1Xm/view |website=Defending Rights & Dissent}}{{cite news |last1=Speri |first1=Alice |title=The FBI Has a Long History of Treating Political Dissent as Terrorism |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/10/22/terrorism-fbi-political-dissent/ |work=The Intercept |date=22 October 2019}} In late 2020, the ACLU filed a lawsuit demanding information about the FBI's Electronic Device Analysis Unit. The civil rights group believes that the EDAU has been quietly breaking into iPhones and other devices.{{cite news |title=US non-profit sues FBI to learn about phone hacking capability |url=https://www.thexyz.com/blog/us-non-profit-sues-fbi-to-learn-about-phone-hacking-capability/ |work=Thexyz |date=27 December 2020}}

In 2023, the FBI admitted for the first time that it bought location data rather than obtain a warrant.{{Cite news |last=Cameron |first=Dell |title=The FBI Just Admitted It Bought US Location Data |url=https://www.wired.com/story/fbi-purchase-location-data-wray-senate/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241002190646/https://www.wired.com/story/fbi-purchase-location-data-wray-senate/ |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date= |work=Wired.com |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}

In March 2021 in Keene, New Hampshire, the FBI led a raid, along with the ATF and other agencies, on the Free Talk Live studios (a libertarian radio show) against Ian Freeman (director of FTL) alleging that he operated an unlicensed money transmitting business in the form of Bitcoin ATM machines.{{cite news |title=Early Bitcoin Pioneer Ian Freeman Goes to Trial in New Hampshire |url=https://news.yahoo.com/early-bitcoin-pioneer-ian-freeman-031007029.html |date=December 6, 2022}} The raid was conducted in the middle of the night and the joint taskforce used Bearcat armored vehicles, flashbang grenades, and destroyed security cameras and windows on Freeman's property.{{cite news |title=Libertarian Radio Host Ian Freeman Convicted for Helping People Buy Bitcoin |url=https://reason.com/2022/12/30/libertarian-radio-host-ian-freeman-convicted-for-helping-people-buy-bitcoin/|date=December 30, 2022}} The taskforce also confiscated $180,000 in cash, boxes full of goldbacks, 101 physical Bitcoins, and other possessions of Ian Freeman.{{cite news |title=The sacking of a crypto mecca |url=https://www.theverge.com/22599932/bitcoin-raid-keene-new-hampshire-ian-freeman-libertarian-prosecution|date=August 2, 2021}} The homes of several other individuals were raided that night, later being referred to as "the Crypto Six." While the FBI's main justification for this raid was that scammers were using the Bitcoin vending machines to scam people, Ian Freeman counters saying that he frequently warned ATM users of scams and used his Bitcoin vending machines to improve the businesses in his community.{{cite news |title=New Hampshire man accused of running unlicensed bitcoin business |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/new-hampshire-man-accused-running-unlicensed-bitcoin-business|date=December 7, 2022}}

The prosecution had originally charged Freeman with 25 felony counts, eventually dropping 17 counts as the trial went on. Freeman's attorney asserted that the charges against Freeman were "absolute nonsense" and described Freeman as a nonviolent man that assists people with avoiding scams rather than aiding scams. Freeman received public support during his trial, with overflow rooms established to accommodate his supporters and one security officer noting, "I’ve never seen the courtroom like that" when referencing the number of attendees.{{cite news |title=Early Bitcoin Pioneer Ian Freeman Goes to Trial in New Hampshire|url= https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/early-bitcoin-pioneer-ian-freeman-goes-to-trial-in-new-hampshire/ar-AA14ZnLf |date=December 6, 2022}} On December 23, 2022, Ian Freeman was convicted on all eight felony counts and his case is pending sentencing and appeal.{{cite news |title=Freeman found guilty on all counts in federal crypto-currency trial|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/freeman-found-guilty-counts-federal-091200037.html |date=December 23, 2022}} His appeal is scheduled for April 14, 2023.{{cite news |title=Ian Freeman Convicted On All Counts Relating To Bitcoin Money Laundering Scheme|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-nh/pr/ian-freeman-convicted-all-counts-relating-bitcoin-money-laundering-scheme |date=December 22, 2022}}

• PRISM a mass surveillance NSA program.
• National Security Agency (NSA)
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Backdoor (computing) An installation made on a computer in order to break into a computer.
• Twitter Files
• List of ATF Controversies
• List of CIA controversies

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:FBI controversies}}

Category:Lists of controversies