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List of NASA missions#Human spaceflight

{{Short description|List of space missions by NASA}}

{{Use American English|date=July 2022}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}

File:NASA spacecraft comparison2.png

This is a list of NASA missions, both crewed and robotic, since the establishment of NASA in 1957. There are over 80 currently active science missions.{{Cite web | url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions-page?field_division_tid=All&field_phase_tid=29 | title=NASA Science Missions | Science Mission Directorate | access-date=April 23, 2018 | archive-date=October 7, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007012040/https://science.nasa.gov/missions-page?field_division_tid=All&field_phase_tid=29 | url-status=live }}

X-Plane program

{{Main|List of X-planes}}

Since 1945, NACA (NASA's predecessor) and, since January 26, 1958, NASA has conducted the X-Plane Program. The program was originally intended to create a family of experimental aircraft not intended for production beyond the limited number of each design built solely for flight research.{{Cite web |title=Dryden Historic Aircraft - X-planes overview |work=Dryden Flight Research Center |publisher=NASA |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-Planes/1940/index.html |access-date=2012-06-01 |archive-date=March 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303170842/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-Planes/1940/index.html |url-status=live }} The first X-Plane, the Bell X-1, was the first rocket-powered airplane to break the sound barrier on October 14, 1947.{{Cite web |title=Bell X-1 "Glamorous Glennis" |work=Milestones of Flight |publisher=National Air and Space Museum |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/bellx1.html |access-date=2012-06-01 |archive-date=December 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227061358/http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/bellX1.html |url-status=dead }} X-Planes have set numerous milestones since then, both crewed and unpiloted.{{Cite web |title=APPENDIX A; HISTORY OF THE X-PLANE PROGRAM |work=Draft X-33 Environmental Impact Statement |publisher=NASA |url=https://history.nasa.gov/x1/appendixa1.html |access-date=2012-06-01 |archive-date=December 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225231844/https://history.nasa.gov/x1/appendixa1.html |url-status=live }}

Human spaceflight

{{Main|Human spaceflight}}

Image:STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg STS-120 launch, October 23, 2007]]

Image:STS-134 EVA3 Andrew Feustel and Michael Fincke 3.jpg (right) and Michael Fincke, outside the ISS during the STS-134 mission's third spacewalk.]]

File:Moon-apollo17-schmitt boulder.jpg astronaut Harrison Schmitt standing next to a boulder at Taurus-Littrow. ]]

File:STS057-89-067 - Wisoff on the Arm (Retouched).jpg on a robotic arm, 1993]]

NASA has successfully launched over 200 crewed flights. Three have ended in failure, causing the death of the entire crew: Apollo 1 (which never launched) in 1967 lost three crew members, STS-51-L (the Challenger disaster) in 1986, and STS-107 (the Columbia disaster) in 2003.

class="wikitable"
Program

!width=6 | Start date

!width=6 | First crewed flight

!width=6 | End date

!width=8 | No. of crewed
missions launched

!Notes

Mercury program

|1958

|1961

|1963

|6

|First U.S. crewed program

Gemini program

|1961

|1965

|1966

|10

|Program used to practice space rendezvous and EVAs

Apollo program

|1960

|1968

|1972

|11{{listref|a}}

|Landed first humans on the Moon

Skylab

|1964

|1973

|1974

|3

|First American space station

Apollo–Soyuz Test Project

|1971

|1975

|1975

|1

|Joint with Soviet Union

Space Shuttle program

|1972

|1981

|2011

|135{{listref|b}}

|First missions in which a spacecraft was reused

Shuttle-Mir program

|1993

|1995

|1998

|11{{listref|c}}

|Russian partnership

International Space Station

|1993

|1998

|Ongoing

|65

|Joint with Roscosmos, CSA, ESA, and JAXA; Americans flew on Russian Soyuz after 2011 retirement of Space Shuttle

Commercial Crew Program

|2011

|2020

|Ongoing

|8

|Current program to shuttle Americans to the ISS

Artemis program

|2017

|2025 (planned)

|Ongoing

|0

|Current program to bring humans to the Moon again

Notes:

{{listref/reflist

|id1=a |ref1=Apollo 1 was unlaunched due to a fire during testing that killed the astronauts, and is not counted here.

|id2=b |ref2=One Space Shuttle mission ended with the destruction of the vehicle and death of the entire crew before reaching orbit.

|id3=c |ref3=The Shuttle-Mir missions were all Space Shuttle missions, and are also counted under the Space Shuttle program missions in the table.

}}

=Early Obama administration review=

{{further|Constellation program}}

In May 2009, the Obama administration announced the launch of an independent review of planned U.S. human space flight activities with the goal of ensuring that the nation is on a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space. The review was conducted by a panel of experts led by Norman Augustine, the former CEO of Lockheed Martin, who served on the President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology under both Democrat and Republican presidents.{{cite news|url=https://www.space.com/35394-president-obama-spaceflight-exploration-legacy.html|title=President Obama's Space Legacy: Mars, Private Spaceflight and More|first=Mike|last=Wall|date=January 20, 2017|publisher=Space.com|access-date=December 9, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040542/https://www.space.com/35394-president-obama-spaceflight-exploration-legacy.html|url-status=live}}

The "Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans" was to examine ongoing and planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) development activities, as well as potential alternatives and present options for advancing a safe, innovative, affordable, and sustainable human space flight program in the years following Space Shuttle retirement. The panel worked closely with NASA and sought input from the United States Congress, the White House, the public, industry, and international partners as it developed its options. It presented its results on October 22, 2009.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/358006main_OSTP%20Press%20Release.pdf |title=OSTP Press Release Announcing Review (pdf, 50k) |access-date=June 11, 2009 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224172157/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/358006main_OSTP%20Press%20Release.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|title = No to NASA: Augustine Commission Wants to More Boldly Go|url = http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html|access-date = 2015-07-14|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513130114/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html|archive-date = 2013-05-13}}

{{cite web |url=https://spacenews.com/house-gives-final-approval-nasa-authorization-act/ |title=House Gives Final Approval to NASA Authorization Act |work=SpaceNews |date=September 30, 2010 |access-date=December 11, 2019 |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703055446/https://spacenews.com/house-gives-final-approval-nasa-authorization-act/ |url-status=live }}

In February 2010, Obama announced his proposal to cancel the Constellation program as part of his reform program. Constellation was officially canceled by the NASA Budget Authorization Act on October 11, 2010.

=Future=

{{further|Artemis program}}

NASA brought the Orion spacecraft back to life from the defunct Constellation program and successfully test-launched the first capsule on December 5, 2014, aboard EFT-1. After a near-perfect flight traveling {{convert|3600|mi}} above Earth, the spacecraft was recovered for study. NASA plans to use the Orion crew vehicle to send humans to deep space locations such as the Moon and Mars starting in the 2020s. Orion will be powered by NASA's new heavy-lift vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), which is currently under development.

Artemis I was the first flight of the SLS and was launched as a test of the completed Orion and SLS system.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Foust|2019|loc="Artemis 1, or EM-1, will be an uncrewed test flight of Orion and SLS and is scheduled to launch in June of 2020."}} During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule spent 10 days in a distant retrograde {{Convert|60,000|km|mi|sp=us}} orbit around the Moon before returning to Earth.{{sfn|Heaton|Sood|2020|p=3}} Artemis II, the first crewed mission of the program, will launch four astronauts in 2025{{Cite web |title=Artemis II - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-ii/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |language=en-US}} on a free-return flyby of the Moon at a distance of {{Convert|8,900|km|mi|sp=us}}.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to|title=First Flight With Crew Important Step on Long-Term Return to Moon|last=Hambleton|first=Kathryn|date=2018-08-27|website=NASA|access-date=2019-05-28|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814131933/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to|title=NASA's First Flight With Crew Important Step on Long-term Return to the Moon, Missions to Mars|last=Hambleton|first=Kathryn|date=2019-05-23|website=NASA|access-date=2019-07-10|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814131933/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to/|url-status=live}}{{sfn|Heaton|Sood|2020|p=7}}

After Artemis II, the Power and Propulsion Element of the Lunar Gateway and three components of an expendable lunar lander are planned to be delivered on multiple launches from commercial launch service providers.{{cite web |last=Weitering |first=Hanneke |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html |title=NASA Has a Full Plate of Lunar Missions Before Astronauts Can Return to Moon |website=Space.com |date=May 23, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2019 |quote=And before NASA sends astronauts to the moon in 2024, the agency will first have to launch five aspects of the lunar Gateway, all of which will be commercial vehicles that launch separately and join each other in lunar orbit. First, a power and propulsion element will launch in 2022. Then, the crew module will launch (without a crew) in 2023. In 2024, during the months leading up to the crewed landing, NASA will launch the last critical components: a transfer vehicle that will ferry landers from the Gateway to a lower lunar orbit, a descent module that will bring the astronauts to the lunar surface, and an ascent module that will bring them back up to the transfer vehicle, which will then return them to the Gateway. |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525032714/https://www.space.com/nasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html |url-status=live }}

Artemis III is planned to launch in 2026{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=Artemis III: NASA’s First Human Mission to the Lunar South Pole - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/artemis-iii/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |language=en-US}} aboard an SLS Block 1 rocket and will use the minimalist Gateway and expendable lander to achieve the first crewed lunar landing of the program. The flight is planned to touch down on the lunar south pole region, with two astronauts staying there for about one week.{{sfn|Grush|2019| loc="Now, for Artemis 3 that carries our crew to the Gateway, we need to have the crew have access to a lander. So, that means that at Gateway we're going to have the Power and Propulsion Element, which will be launched commercially, the Utilization Module, which will be launched commercially, and then we'll have a lander there.}}{{sfn|Grush|2019| loc="The direction that we have right now is that the next man and the first woman will be Americans and that we will land on the south pole of the Moon in 2024."}}{{Cite web|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/science/trump-nasa-moon-mars.html| website=The New York Times| access-date=May 25, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525034839/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/science/trump-nasa-moon-mars.html |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |date=May 25, 2019| quote=Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the moon, Mr. Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.| url-status=live|url-access=limited}}{{cite news|last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-outlines-plans-for-lunar-lander-development-through-commercial-partnerships/|title=NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships|work=SpaceNews|date=July 21, 2019|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001033446/https://spacenews.com/nasa-outlines-plans-for-lunar-lander-development-through-commercial-partnerships/|url-status=live}}

Robotic missions

=Suborbital=

  • Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX) – five consecutive launches, 80 seconds apart on March 27, 2012, studied the high-altitude jet stream.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/missions/atrex.html |title=Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX) |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-03-15 |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403153845/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/missions/atrex.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/627738main_atrex-launch-sequence.pdf |title=ATREX Launch Sequence |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-03-15 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511043258/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/627738main_atrex-launch-sequence.pdf |url-status=live }}
  • NASA Sounding Rocket Program
  • SHIELDS – launched April 19, 2021, collected data from the heliopause.{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/shields-up-nasa-rocket-to-survey-our-solar-system-s-windshield | title=SHIELDS Up! NASA Rocket to Survey Our Solar System's Windshield | date=April 15, 2021 | access-date=July 27, 2022 | archive-date=April 15, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415192507/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/shields-up-nasa-rocket-to-survey-our-solar-system-s-windshield/ | url-status=live }}

=Earth and Heliocentric satellites=

{{main category|NASA satellites orbiting Earth}}

:* Biosatellite 1, launched December 1966, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Biosatellite 2, launched September 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Biosatellite 3, launched June 1969, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Hubble Space Telescope, launched April 1990, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, launched April 1991, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Chandra X-ray Observatory, launched July 1999, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Spitzer Space Telescope, launched August 2003, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 (HEAO 1), launched August 1977, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2) launched November 1978, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first fully imaging X-ray telescope

:* High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (HEAO 3), launched September 1979, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

  • Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE), launched March 2000, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}
  • Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), launched January 1983, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}
  • Jason-1, launched December 2001, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason1/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813213257/http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason1/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-08-13|title=Jason-1}}
  • OSTM/Jason-2, launched June 2008, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ostmjason2/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813232640/http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ostmjason2/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-08-13|title=OSTM/Jason-2}}
  • Jason-3, launched January 2016, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813232116/http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason3/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-08-13|title=Jason 3}}/
  • Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (SWIFT), launched November 2004, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}
  • Landsat program{{cite web|url=http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_mission_history.php|title=Landsat Missions Timeline – Landsat Missions|access-date=December 12, 2011|archive-date=November 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128080815/http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_mission_history.php|url-status=live}}

:*Landsat 1, launched July 1972, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:*Landsat 2, launched January 1975, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:*Landsat 3, launched March 1978, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:*Landsat 4, launched July 1982, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:*Landsat 5, launched March 1984, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:*Landsat 6, launched October 1993, {{font color|red|failed}}

:*Landsat 7, launched April 1999, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:*Landsat 8, launched February 2013, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:*Landsat 9, launched September 2021, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:*Van Allen Probes, launched August 2012, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Twin probes studying the Van Allen radiation belt{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/rbsp/ |title=RBSP Mission Overview |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-08-31 |archive-date=August 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830211249/http://www.nasa.gov/rbsp/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/ |title=RBSP |publisher=NASA/APL |access-date=2012-08-31 |archive-date=July 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705194622/http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/ |url-status=live }}

  • Earth Observing System{{cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/missions/|title=Missions – Science Mission Directorate|access-date=July 12, 2017|archive-date=May 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513223622/https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/missions|url-status=live}}

:* Terra, launched December 1999, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Aqua, launched May 2002, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Aura, launched July 2004, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Earth Observing-1 (EO-1), launched November 2000, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Space Technology 5 (ST5), launched March 2006, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Space Technology 6 (ST6)

:* Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), launched June 1999, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Kepler, launched March 2009, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – searching for Earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zone

:* James Webb Space Telescope, launched December 2021, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ |title=JWST Home Page |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-04-25 |archive-date=March 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310154221/http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100820-plan-astrophysics-jwst-account.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910070402/http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100820-plan-astrophysics-jwst-account.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 10, 2012 |title=10-Year Plan for Astrophysics Takes JWST Cost into Account |publisher=SpaceNews.com |date=2010-08-20 |access-date=2011-04-25}}

:* Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM), launched April 2007, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST), launched August 1996, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), launched April 2003, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), launched October 2008, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), launched June 2012, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – X-ray telescope orbiting Earth{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/pegasus/nustar/120403june/ |title=Launch of NASA X-ray telescope targeted for June |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=2012-04-03 |access-date=2012-05-15 |archive-date=May 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506200452/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/pegasus/nustar/120403june/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/nustar/ |title=NuSTAR |publisher=NASA |date=2012-06-05 |access-date=2012-06-14 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818231813/http://science.nasa.gov/missions/nustar/ |url-status=live }}

:* Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), launched February 2002, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Sun observing, Earth satellite

:* Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX), launched July 1992, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS), launched December 1998, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), launched August 1998, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Sun observing, Earth satellite

:* Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE), launched March 1999, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Hinode (Solar-B)

:* Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)

=Sun=

:* Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9, launched between December 1965 and November 1968, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Solar wind, solar magnetic field and cosmic rays

:* TIMED, launched December 2001, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Hinode, launched September 2006, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* STEREO, launched October 2006, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* MMS, launched March 2015,{{cite web |title=MMS Launch |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/launch/index.html |publisher=NASA |date=2013-11-06 |access-date=November 3, 2015 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018013715/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/launch/index.html |url-status=live }} {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* IMAP, launching 2025, {{font color|Fuchsia|future}}

  • Parker Solar Probe, launched August 2018, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – the first mission into the Sun's corona{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/sunearthsystem/main/solarprobeplus.html |title=NASA Selects Science Investigations for Solar Probe Plus |publisher=NASA |access-date=2012-08-31 |archive-date=May 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504235842/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/sunearthsystem/main/solarprobeplus.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://jhuapl.edu/newscenter/pressreleases/2012/120305.asp |title=Johns Hopkins APL Team Developing Solar Probe Plus for Closest-Ever Flights Past the Sun |publisher=JHU APL |access-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312034737/http://jhuapl.edu/newscenter/pressreleases/2012/120305.asp |archive-date=2012-03-12 |url-status=dead }}
  • Living With a Star

:* Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), launched February 2010, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) – two campaigns of 20 balloons each, studying the Van Allen radiation belts, 2012 to 2014{{cite web |title=Launching Balloons in Antarctica |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/barrel-antarctica.html |publisher=NASA |author=Karen C. Fox |date=2011-02-22 |access-date=2012-09-06 |archive-date=December 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121213153052/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/barrel-antarctica.html |url-status=live }} This mission is a complement to the Van Allen Probes (RBSP).{{cite news |title=Van Allen Probes: NASA Renames Radiation Belt Mission to Honor Pioneering Scientist |date=November 11, 2012 |publisher=Science Daily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121111101748.htm |agency=Reuters |access-date=2012-11-12 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107112212/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121111101748.htm |url-status=live }}

=Moon=

{{See also| Exploration of the Moon}}

:* Pioneer 0, launched August 1958, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer 1, launched October 1958, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer 2, launched November 1958, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer 3, launched December 1958, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer 4, launched March 1959, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Pioneer P-1, launched September 1959, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer P-3, launched November 1959, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer P-30, launched September 1960, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Pioneer P-31, launched December 1960, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 1, launched August 1961, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 2, launched November 1961, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 3, launched January 1962, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 4, launched April 1962, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 5, launched October 1962, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 6, launched January 1964, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Ranger 7, launched July 1964, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Ranger 8, launched February 1965, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Ranger 9, launched March 1965, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Surveyor 1, launched May 1966, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Surveyor 2, launched September 1966, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Surveyor 3, launched April 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Surveyor 4, launched July 1967, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Surveyor 5, launched September 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Surveyor 6, launched November 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Surveyor 7, launched January 1968, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Orbiter 1, launched August 1966, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Orbiter 2, launched November 1966, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Orbiter 3, launched February 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Orbiter 4, launched May 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Orbiter 5, launched August 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Discovery 3 – Lunar Prospector, launched January 1998, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Discovery 11 – GRAIL, launched September 2011, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} {{Cite web |url=https://moonkam.ucsd.edu/about/grail_fact_sheet |title=GRAIL Mission: Fact Sheet |publisher=MoonKAM.UCSD.edu |access-date=2011-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815220241/https://moonkam.ucsd.edu/about/grail_fact_sheet |archive-date=2011-08-15 }}

:* LCROSS, launched June 2009, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), launched June 2009, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}

:* LADEE, launched September 2013, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Peregrine Mission One, launched January 2024, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* IM-1, launched February 2024, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first commercial lunar landing. First American Moon landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972.

:* Blue Ghost Mission 1, launched January 2025, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* IM-2, launched February 2025, {{font color|Red|failed}}

=Mercury=

:* Mariner 10, launched November 1973, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – flyby of Venus; multiple flybys of Mercury; first spacecraft to Mercury

:* Discovery 7 – MESSENGER, launched August 2004, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first to orbit Mercury

=Venus=

:* Mariner 1, launched July 1962, {{font color|Red|failed}} – intended to be first American flyby of Venus

:* Mariner 2, launched August 1962, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first flyby of Venus by an operational spacecraft

:* Mariner 5, launched June 1967, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – flyby of Venus

:* Mariner 10, launched November 1973, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – flyby of Venus; multiple flybys of Mercury; first spacecraft to Mercury

:* Pioneer 5, launched March 1960, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – interplanetary space between Earth and Venus

:* Pioneer Venus project

::* Pioneer Venus Orbiter, launched May 1978, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Venus orbiter

::* Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched August 1978, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Venus atmospheric probes

:* Discovery 15 – VERITAS, launching 2028, {{font color|Fuchsia|future}}

:* Discovery 16 – DAVINCI, launching 2029, {{font color|Fuchsia|future}}

=Mars=

{{See also| Exploration of Mars}}

:* Mariner 4, launched November 1964, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Mariner 6 and 7, launched February 1969, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Mariner 8, launched May 1971, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Mariner 9, launched May 1971, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Viking 1, launched August 1975, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Viking 2, launched September 1975, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Discovery 2 – Mars Pathfinder / Sojourner rover, launched July 1997, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Discovery 12 – InSight, launched May 2018, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Deep Space 2, launched January 1999, {{font color|Red|failed}} – (sub-surface probes)

:* Spirit rover, launched June 2003, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Opportunity rover, launched June 2003, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Phoenix, launched August 2007, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – Mars lander

:* MAVEN, launched November 2013, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – orbiter studying the atmosphere of Mars

:* Perseverance rover, launched July 2020, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – Mars rover exploring Jezero Crater

:* Ingenuity helicopter, launched July 2020, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first powered flight on Mars

=Jupiter=

:* Pioneer 10, launched March 1972, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first to the asteroid belt and Jupiter

:* Pioneer 11, launched April 1973, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – asteroid belt and Jupiter, first to Saturn

:* Voyager 1, launched September 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter and Saturn; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; most distant human-made object

:* Voyager 2, launched August 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; first spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune

:* New Frontiers 2 – Juno, launched August 2011, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – Jupiter orbiter mission{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/316306main_JunoFactSheet_2009sm.pdf | title=Juno Mission to Jupiter | access-date=April 5, 2011 | date=April 2009 | publisher=NASA | pages=2 | archive-date=December 25, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225085053/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/316306main_JunoFactSheet_2009sm.pdf%20 | url-status=live }}

=Saturn=

:* Pioneer 11, launched April 1973, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – asteroid belt and Jupiter, first to Saturn

:* Voyager 1, launched September 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter and Saturn; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; most distant human-made object

:* Voyager 2, launched August 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; first spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune

:* New Frontiers 4 – Dragonfly, launching 2028, {{font color|Fuchsia|future}}

=Uranus=

:* Voyager 2, launched August 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; first spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune

=Neptune=

:* Voyager 2, launched August 1977, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; first spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune

=Asteroids/comets=

:* NEAR Shoemaker, launched February 1996, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – close study of 433 Eros

:* Deep Space 1 (DS1), launched October 1998, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – first spacecraft propelled by an ion thruster

:* Discovery 4 – Stardust, launched February 1999, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}} – follow-up for Deep Impact's primary mission to 9P/Tempel

:* Discovery 6 – CONTOUR, launched July 2002, {{font color|Red|failed}}

:* Discovery 8 – Deep Impact (primary); EPOXI (extended), launched January 2005, {{font color|DarkGreen|completed}}

:* Discovery 9 – Dawn, launched September 2007, {{fontcolor|DarkGreen|completed}} – Vesta in 2011-2012, and Ceres in 2015-2018

:* Discovery 13 – Lucy, launched October 2021, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – Will fly by one main-belt asteroid and seven Jupiter Trojan asteroids.{{cite press release|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-ula-launch-lucy-mission-to-fossils-of-planet-formation|title=NASA, ULA Launch Lucy Mission to 'Fossils' of Planet Formation|publisher=NASA|date=October 16, 2021|access-date=October 18, 2021}} {{PD-notice}}

:* Discovery 14 – Psyche, launched October 2023, {{font color|Blue|enroute}}

:* New Frontiers 3 – OSIRIS-REx – launched September 2016, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-163_New_Frontier.html |title=NASA To Launch New Science Mission To Asteroid In 2016 |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-25 |archive-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429034636/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-163_New_Frontier.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-speeds-toward-asteroid-rendezvous |title=NASA's OSIRIS-REx Speeds Toward Asteroid Rendezvous |publisher=NASA |access-date=2016-11-21 |date=2016-09-08 |archive-date=September 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909150637/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-speeds-toward-asteroid-rendezvous/ |url-status=live }}

=Dwarf planets=

:* New Frontiers 1 – New Horizons, launched January 2006, {{font color|LimeGreen|operational}} – flyby of Pluto and its moons in 2015; first to Pluto

:* Discovery 9 – Dawn, launched September 2007, {{fontcolor|DarkGreen|completed}} – Vesta in 2011-2012, and Ceres in 2015-2018

Canceled or undeveloped missions

{{main|List of NASA cancellations}}

:* Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)

:* Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF)

=Old proposals=

  • Mars Scout program

:* Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey (ARES) (2000-2010 concept)

:* TAU (spacecraft)- probe to 1000 AU (1980s concept)

See also

References

{{Reflist|35em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite web|title=NASA administrator on new Moon plan: ‘We’re doing this in a way that’s never been done before’|first1=Loren|last1=Grush|date=May 17, 2019|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/17/18627839/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-artemis-moon-program-budget-amendment|publisher=The Verge|access-date=January 13, 2023}}
  • {{cite web|title=Space Launch System Departure Trajectory Analysis for Cislunar and Deep-Space Exploration|first1=Andrew |last1=Heaton|first2=Dr. Rohan |last2=Sood|date=August 10, 2020 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20205005206/downloads/20205005206%20OCR%20reupload.pdf|page=7

|publisher=NASA|access-date=January 28, 2023}}

External links

  • [https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/ NASA - Missions]

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Category:Lists of space missions

Missions