List of Proton launches (1970–1979)
{{Short description|none}}
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1970 and 1979. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
{{Proton launches}}
Launches
{{Launch log|OneSite = yes}}
| colspan="6" |
=1970=
{{main|1970 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 6 February 1970
04:16
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 247-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Luna E-8-5 #405
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical (intended)
| remarks = First stage accidentally shut down T+128 seconds due to false alarm from pressure gauge.
}}
{{Launch
| date = 18 August 1970
03:45
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 246-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = 82-EV
| user =
| function = Test flight
| orbit = Suborbital
| remarks = Investigation into high failure rate of Proton launches
}}
{{Launch
| date = 12 September 1970
13:35
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 248-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 16 (Luna E-8-5 #406)
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 20 October 1970
19:55
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 250-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Zond 8 (Soyuz 7K-L1 #14)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 10 November 1970
14:44
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 251-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 17 (Luna E-8 #203)
| user =
| function = Lunar lander
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks = Deployed Lunokhod 1 rover
}}
{{Launch
| date = 2 December 1970
17:00
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 252-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Kosmos 382 (Soyuz 7K-L1E #2K)
| user =
| function = Test flight
| orbit = Medium Earth
| remarks = Test of Block D upper stage{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/soy7kl1e.htm|title=Soyuz 7K-L1E|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=25 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906230604/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/soy7kl1e.htm|archivedate=6 September 2010}}
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1971=
{{main|1971 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 19 April 1971
01:40
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 254-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 1 (DOS-1)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks = First space station
}}
{{Launch
| date = 10 May 1971
16:58
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 253-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Kosmos 419 (Mars-3MS #170)
| user =
| function = Mars orbiter
| orbit = Heliocentric (intended)
Low Earth (achieved)
| remarks = Upper stage failed to ignite as timer was programmed in years instead of hours.
}}
{{Launch
| date = 19 May 1971
16:22
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 255-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 2 (Mars-4M #171)
| user =
| function = Mars probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 28 May 1971
15:26
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 249-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 3 (Mars-4M #172)
| user =
| function = Mars probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 2 September 1971
13:40
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 256-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 18 (Luna E-8-5 #207)
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks = Payload later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 28 September 1971
10:00
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 257-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 19 (Luna E-8LS #202)
| user =
| function = Lunar orbiter
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks =
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1972=
{{main|1972 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 14 February 1972
03:27
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 258-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 20 (Luna E-8-5 #408)
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 29 July 1972
03:20
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 260-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = DOS-2
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth (intended)
| remarks = Second stage pitch control failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+180 seconds.
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1973=
{{main|1973 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 8 January 1973
06:55
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 259-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 21 (Luna E-8 #204)
| user =
| function = Lunar lander
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks = Deployed Lunokhod 2 rover
}}
{{Launch
| date = 3 April 1973
09:00
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 283-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 2 (Almaz OPS-1)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks = Payload later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 11 May 1973
00:20
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 284-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Kosmos 557 (DOS-3)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks = Payload later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 21 July 1973
19:20
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 261-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 4 (Mars-3MS #52S)
| user =
| function = Mars orbiter
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks = Payload later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 25 July 1973
18:55
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 262-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 5 (Mars-3MS #53S)
| user =
| function = Mars orbiter
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks = Payload later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 5 August 1973
17:45
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 281-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 6 (Mars-3MP #50P)
| user =
| function = Mars probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 9 August 1973
17:00
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 281-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Mars 7 (Mars-3MP #51P)
| user =
| function = Mars probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1974=
{{main|1974 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 26 March 1974
13:35
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 282-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Kosmos 637 (Raduga GVM)
| user =
| function = Test flight
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = First Proton launch with Block DM upper stage, first Soviet launch to geosynchronous orbit, boilerplate payload
}}
{{Launch
| date = 29 May 1974
08:56
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 282-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 22 (Luna E-8LS #206)
| user =
| function = Lunar orbiter
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 24 June 1974
22:38
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 283-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 3 (Almaz OPS-2)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 29 July 1974
12:00
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 287-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Molniya-1S
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 28 October 1974
14:30
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 285-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 23 (Luna E-8-5M #410)
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks = Spacecraft later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 26 December 1974
04:15
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 284-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 4 (DOS-4)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks =
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1975=
{{main|1975 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 8 June 1975
02:38
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 286-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Venera 9 (Venera 4V-1 #660)
| user =
| function = Venus probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 14 June 1975
03:00
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 285-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Venera 10 (Venera 4V-1 #661)
| user =
| function = Venus probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 8 October 1975
00:30
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 286-02
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Kosmos 775 (Prognoz)
| user =
| function = Missile defence
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = Spacecraft later failed
}}
{{Launch
| date = 16 October 1975, 04:04
| configuration = Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824
| serial = 287-02
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Luna E-8-5M #412
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical (intended)
| remarks = Final flight of Proton-K with Block D upper stage, upper stage malfunctioned
}}
{{Launch
| date = 22 December 1975
13:00
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 288-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gran' #11L (Raduga)
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
|-
| colspan="6" |
=1976=
{{main|1976 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 22 June 1976
18:04
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 290-02
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 5 (Almaz OPS-3)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 9 August 1976
15:04
| configuration = Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M
| serial = 288-02
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Luna 24 (Luna E-8-5M #413)
| user =
| function = Lunar sample return
| orbit = Highly elliptical
| remarks = First flight of Proton-K with Block D-1 upper stage
}}
{{Launch
| date = 11 September 1976
18:24
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 289-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gran' #12L (Raduga)
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 26 October 1976
14:50
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 290-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Ekran #11L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch|NoPL=2
| date = 15 December 1976
01:30
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 289-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| payload = {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 881 (TKS VA #009A/1)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }} {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 882 (TKS VA #009/1)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }}
| remarks =
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1977=
{{main|1977 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch|NoPL=1
| date = 17 July 1977
09:00
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 293-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| payload = {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 929 (TKS #16101)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }}
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 23 July 1977
21:15
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 291-01
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gran' #13L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = First launch from Site 200
}}
{{Launch|NoPL=2
| date = 4 August 1977
22:00
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 293-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Failure
| payload = {{Launch/Payload
| name = TKS VA #009A/P
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth (intended) }} {{Launch/Payload
| name = TKS VA #009/P
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth (intended) }}
| remarks = First stage thrust vectoring failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+53 seconds. Upper spacecraft ejected by launch escape system
}}
{{Launch
| date = 20 September 1977
17:28
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 291-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Ekran #12L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 29 September 1977
06:50
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 295-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Salyut 6 (DOS-5)
| user =
| function = Space station
| orbit = Low Earth
| remarks = Last launch of State Trials
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1978=
{{main|1978 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch|NoPL=2
| date = 30 March 1978
00:00
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 292-01
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| payload = {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 997 (TKS VA #009A/P2)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }} {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 998 (TKS VA #009P/2)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }}
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 27 May 1978
01:25
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 294-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Ekran #13L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = First stage thrust vectoring malfunction starting at T+87 seconds. Automatic cutoff T+119 seconds.
}}
{{Launch
| date = 18 July 1978
21:59
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 292-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gran' #14L (Raduga)
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 17 August 1978
20:02
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 297-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Ekran #15L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = Second stage control failure caused by hot gas leak. Automatic shutdown commanded T+252 seconds.
}}
{{Launch
| date = 9 September 1978
03:25
| configuration = Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M
| serial = 296-01
| site = Site 81/23
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Venera 11 (Venera 4V-1 #360)
| user =
| function = Venus probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 14 September 1978
02:25
| configuration = Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M
| serial = 296-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Venera 12 (Venera 4V-1 #361)
| user =
| function = Venus probe
| orbit = Heliocentric
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 17 October 1978
16:04
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 298-01
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Failure
| spacecraft = Ekran #14L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks = Second stage engine failure T+236 seconds due to ingestion of debris into the turbopumps
}}
{{Launch
| date = 19 December 1978, 12:15
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 295-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Partial failure
| spacecraft = Gorizont #11L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous (planned)
Medium Earth (achieved)
| remarks = Upper stage malfunctioned, leaving satellite in wrong orbit. Spacecraft was able to correct its orbit, at the expense of onboard fuel.
}}
| colspan="6" |
=1979=
{{main|1979 in spaceflight}}
|-
{{Launch
| date = 21 February 1979
07:49
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 294-01
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Ekran #16L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 25 April 1979
03:44
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 298-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gran' #15L (Raduga)
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch|NoPL=2
| date = 22 May 1979
23:00
| configuration = Proton-K 8K82K
| serial = 200-02
| site = Site 81/24
| outcome = Successful
| payload = {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 1100 (TKS VA #0102A)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }} {{Launch/Payload
| name = Kosmos 1101 (TKS VA #0102)
| user =
| function = Spacecraft test
| orbit = Low Earth }}
| remarks = Planned to be a crewed launch, converted to an uncrewed test due to failures on previous missions. Rocket reused after an abort after ignition on 20 April, during attempted launch of two other TKS spacecraft.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/coss1100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020415044544/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/coss1100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 15, 2002|title=Cosmos 1100 |last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=26 April 2010}}
}}
{{Launch
| date = 5 July 1979
23:19
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 299-01
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gorizont #12L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 3 October 1979
17:12
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 302-02
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Ekran #17L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
{{Launch
| date = 28 December 1979
11:51
| configuration = Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86
| serial = 303-01
| site = Site 200/40
| outcome = Successful
| spacecraft = Gorizont #13L
| user =
| function = Communications
| orbit = Geosynchronous
| remarks =
}}
|}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=25 April 2010}}
- {{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=25 April 2010}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/proton.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913224630/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/proton.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 13, 2008|title=Proton|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=25 April 2010}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}
{{Universal Rocket}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Proton launches (1970-1979)}}