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List of active separatist movements in North America#Denmark

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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are citizens / people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for regions without diplomatic recognition but with de facto autonomy.
  • [Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic / ethnoreligious / racial / regional / religious group(s).

Antigua and Barbuda

Barbuda

  • Proposed state: Independence for Barbuda or federalism
  • Political parties: Barbuda People's Movement{{cite web |title=Heated debate on Barbuda secession begins in parliament |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/heated-debate-on-barbuda-secession-begins-in-parliament/ |website=Antigua Observer |date=September 25, 2020 |access-date=December 22, 2021}}{{Cite web |last= |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Barbuda's secession request goes to Parliament |url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/barbudas-secession-request-goes-to-parliament/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Antigua News Room }}

Belize

Toledo District{{cite web|title=The Struggle to Implement Maya Land Rights in Belize|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/struggle-implement-maya-land-rights-belize}}{{cite web|title=Belize Fails to Obtain Maya Consent on Consent Protocol|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/belize-fails-obtain-maya-consent-consent-protocol}}

  • Ethnic group: Maya peoples
  • Proposed: autonomy for Maya peoples in southern Belize
  • Political party: Maya Leaders Alliance{{cite web|title=Maya Leaders Alliance|url=https://www.sidley.com/en/us/probonolanding/sidley-emerging-enterprises-pro-bono-program/projects/maya-leaders-alliance/}}

Canada

{{Main article|Secessionist movements of Canada|Indigenous self-government in Canada|Council of the Haida Nation}}

File:Cascadia map and bioregion vector.svg]]

{{Flag|Cascadia}}

  • Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
  • Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion{{cite web |title=Cascadia Department of Bioregion home page |url=https://cascadiabioregion.org/ |access-date=March 21, 2022 |website= }}{{Cite news |date=September 17, 2021 |title=Opinion: The Pacific Northwest, strong and free: On the inevitable rise of Cascadia |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-pacific-northwest-strong-and-free-on-the-inevitable-rise-of/ |access-date=May 31, 2023}}{{Cite web |title=Could a Cascadian Secession Actually Happen? |url=https://www.seattlemet.com/news-and-city-life/2017/05/could-a-cascadian-secession-actually-be-a-thing |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Seattle Met }}

File:Western provinces in Canada.svg]]

Western Canada

  • Proposed state: West Canada (includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan as well as (sometimes) Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
  • Political party: Maverick Party,{{Cite web |last=Thomson |first=John |date=December 21, 2022 |title=THOMSON: The west is going maverick… so where is the Maverick Party? |url=https://www.westernstandard.news/opinion/thomson-the-west-is-going-maverick-so-where-is-the-maverick-party/article_27f39522-7ff5-11ed-97f0-f7ae93aaf7eb.html |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Western Standard }}{{Cite news |last=Kirby |first=Jason |date=October 25, 2019 |title=Trudeau's victory sparks 'Wexit' separatist talk in Canada's west |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/423bdfb2-f6a9-11e9-a79c-bc9acae3b654 |access-date=May 31, 2023}}{{Cite news |last1=Cecco |first1=Leyland |last2=Agren |first2=David |date=November 25, 2019 |title=Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/25/wexit-alberta-canada-independence-separatism |access-date=May 31, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}} Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan

{{Flag|Alberta}}

  • Proposed: Independence for Alberta{{Cite web |last=Naylor |first=Dave |date=May 25, 2020 |title=POLL: 45-48% of Albertans back independence |url=https://www.westernstandard.news/news/poll-45-48-of-albertans-back-independence/article_ad9c9b96-1aee-5eeb-b03e-ad55a9cc7b58.html |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Western Standard }}{{Cite news|last1=Cecco|first1=Leyland|last2=Agren|first2=David|date=November 25, 2019|title=Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/25/wexit-alberta-canada-independence-separatism|access-date=November 25, 2019|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web |title=A new poll suggests Alberta is the province that most wants to separate from Canada — not Quebec |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/a-new-poll-suggests-alberta-is-the-province-that-most-wants-to-separate-from-canada-not-quebec |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=nationalpost }} or unification with the {{Flag|United States}}{{cite web|title= The man behind Wexit wants Alberta to become the 51st state|url= https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/wexit-alberta-join-united-states}}{{cite web|title= Alberta as the 51st state?|url= https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2659271776}}{{cite web|title= LITTLEJOHN: Alberta as the 51st State isn't a crazy as you might think|date= February 12, 2020|url= https://www.westernstandard.news/opinion/littlejohn-alberta-as-the-51st-state-isn-t-a-crazy-as-you-might-think/article_dee4be45-0fba-53a5-9753-ad4e949f79c5.html}}
  • Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Republican Party of Alberta (Unification with USA)

{{Flag|Saskatchewan}}

  • Proposed: Independence for Saskatchewan{{Cite web |last=Burgess |first=Steve |date=November 11, 2021 |title=Please Advise! Now Saskatchewan Wants to Split? |url=https://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2021/11/11/Please-Advise-Saskatchewan-Exit/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=The Tyee}}{{Cite web |last=Fawcett |first=Max |date=November 18, 2021 |title=No, Saskatchewan, you're not a nation |url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/11/18/news/no-saskatchewan-youre-not-nation |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Canada's National Observer }}{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=Opinion {{!}} Western separatism? It's just another way for a premier to say, 'Show me the money' |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/political-opinion/2021/11/13/western-separatism-its-just-another-way-for-a-premier-to-say-show-me-the-money.html |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=thestar.com }}
  • Political party: Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan

{{Flag|Quebec}}

{{Flag|British Columbia}}

  • Proposed state: British Columbia
  • Political party: Progressive Nationalist Party of British Columbia,{{Cite web |last=Caddel |first=Katherine |date=January 7, 2023 |title=UPDATE: Local separatist group looking to part from Canada |url=https://energeticcity.ca/2023/01/06/separatist-group-in-fort-st-john-looking-to-part-from-canada/ |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=Energeticcity.ca }}{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2022 |title=B.C. residents least interested in separating from Canada, poll finds |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/b-c-residents-least-interested-in-separating-from-canada-poll-finds-1.5971122 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=British Columbia }}{{Cite web |title=Separatist sentiment growing in B.C.: survey |url=https://infotel.ca/newsitem/separatist-sentiment-growing-in-bc-survey/it75733 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=INFOnews}} BC Independence Party

Northern Ontario

  • Proposed: Splitting Northern Ontario out as an independent state
  • Political party: Northern Ontario Party{{cite news|title=Separatist Northern Ontario Party is officially registered|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/northern-ontario-party-1.3708208}}{{Cite web |title=Northern Ontario's dream to secede, reborn: 'We're treated like a colony' |url=https://nationalpost.com/feature/northern-ontarios-dream-to-secede-reborn-were-treated-like-a-colony |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=nationalpost.com }}{{Cite web |title=TVO Today {{!}} Current Affairs Journalism, Documentaries and Podcasts |url=https://www.tvo.org/article/even-if-northern-ontario-separation-is-nonsense-it-may-still-need-a-new-deal |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=www.tvo.org}}

Vancouver Island

  • Proposed: Breaking Vancouver Island off from British Columbia to create a new province or independence{{Cite web|url=https://www.timescolonist.com/opinion/les-leyne-islanders-yearn-for-independence-4597865|title=Les Leyne: Islanders yearn for independence|website=Times Colonist|date=August 3, 2013 }}{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2019 |title=Forget Wexit, it's time to talk about the separation of Vancouver Island - Ladysmith Chronicle |url=https://www.ladysmithchronicle.com/opinion/forget-wexit-its-time-to-talk-about-the-separation-of-vancouver-island/ |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=www.ladysmithchronicle.com }}{{Cite web |title=Separatism in BC: the Province of Vancouver Island? {{!}} News |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/separatism-in-bc-the-province-of-vancouver-island |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=dailyhive.com }}

Nuxalk

{{Flagicon image|Cape Breton Island Flag (Popular).svg}} Cape Breton Island{{cite web|title=Making the legal argument why Cape Breton Island should be its own entity separate from Nova Scotia|url=https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/features/making-the-legal-argument-why-cape-breton-island-should-be-its-own-entity-separate-from-nova-scotia/365903}}

Colombia

{{Flag|San Andrés y Providencia}}

{{see also|List of active separatist movements in South America#Colombia}}

  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Raizal State
  • Advocacy group: {{interlanguage link|Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination|es}} (AMEN-SD){{cite web |title=Aclaración del Movimiento Amen SD |url=http://www.xn--elisleo-9za.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7334:aclaracion-del-movimiento-amen-sd |website=El Isleño |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217165555/http://www.xn--elisleo-9za.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7334:aclaracion-del-movimiento-amen-sd |archive-date=February 17, 2022 |language=Spanish |date=March 17, 2014}}{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2013 |title=Independencia, opción de los raizales de San Andrés |url=https://confidencialcolombia.com/actualidad/independencia-opcion-de-los-raizales-de-san-andres__222430/2013/09/19/ |access-date=October 13, 2022 |language=es-CO}}{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2007 |title=Marchan en la isla de San Andres a favor de la separación de Colombia |url=https://caracol.com.co/radio/2007/06/03/nacional/1180874940_435377.html |access-date=June 13, 2023 |website=Caracol Radio |language=es}}{{Cite web |title=¿Un referéndum independentista para San Andrés? |url=https://www.xn--elisleo-9za.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10648:2015-12-20-12-33-40&catid=47:columnas&Itemid=86 |access-date=June 13, 2023 |website=www.xn--elisleo-9za.com}}{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2022 |title=Autodeterminacion en el Caribe |url=https://plataformaporelmarcanario.leopardo.dshosting.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Autodeterminacion-en-el-Caribe.pdf |access-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226035744/https://plataformaporelmarcanario.leopardo.dshosting.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Autodeterminacion-en-el-Caribe.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}

Denmark

File:Greenland ice sheet AMSL thickness map-en.png]]{{For|other movements in Denmark|List of active separatist movements in Europe#Denmark}}

{{Flag|Greenland}}

  • Ethnic group: Greenlandic Inuit, Danish Greenlanders, others
  • Proposed: Independence for Greenland{{Cite news|date=January 11, 2011|title=Greenland Steps Up Its Independence Calls as Oil Ambitions Grow|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-01-11/greenland-steps-up-demands-for-independence-as-oil-revenue-spurs-ambitions|access-date=December 16, 2020}}{{Cite news|date=January 9, 2020|title=As the ice melts, Greenland considers its future|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51014148|access-date=December 16, 2020}}
  • Political parties: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.

{{clear}}

Dominican Republic

Cibao

  • Proposed state: República del Cibao or autonomy{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2015 |title=Plantea crear República del Cibao como solución a problemas nacionales |url=https://elnuevodiario.com.do/plantea-crear-republica-del-cibao-como-solucion-a-problemas-nacionales/ |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=Haitianinternet.com |language=Spanish}}{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2019 |title=Activista propone creación de la República del Cibao como alternativa a problemas nacionales |url=https://elsoldesantiago.com/activista-propone-creacion-de-la-republica-del-cibao-como-alternativa-a-problemas-nacionales/ |access-date=September 6, 2019 |website=elsolsantiago.com |language=Spanish}}
  • Advocacy group: MiCibao{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Plantea crear República del Cibao como solución a problemas nacionales |url=https://elnuevodiario.com.do/plantea-crear-republica-del-cibao-como-solucion-a-problemas-nacionales/ |access-date=September 5, 2019 |website=Loop |language=Spanish}}
  • Political organizations:
  • Political party: Red Rose Party{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

France

File:Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg]]

File:Martinique in France 2016.svg]]

{{Main|Overseas France|Overseas country of France|Overseas collectivity|Overseas departments and regions of France}}

{{Further|List of active separatist movements in Europe#France|List of active separatist movements in South America#France|List of active separatist movements in Africa#France|List of active separatist movements in Oceania#France}} Guadeloupe

  • Proposed state: Republic of Guadeloupe{{Cite web |last=Crowell |first=Maddy |date=April 21, 2018 |title=The Island Where France's Colonial Legacy Lives On |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/france-macron-guadeloupe-slavery-colonialism/557996/ |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=The Atlantic }}{{Cite web |title=Martinique and Guadeloupe still in turmoil - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine |url=https://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article7470 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=internationalviewpoint.org}}{{Cite web |last=Alcoy |first=Philippe |date=December 4, 2021 |title=France's Discussion of Autonomy for Guadeloupe and Martinique Is an Imperialist Maneuver |url=https://www.leftvoice.org/frances-discussion-of-autonomy-for-guadeloupe-and-martinique-is-an-imperialist-maneuver/ |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=Left Voice }}
  • Political parties: United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible, Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Le PPDG proteste contre la mise à l'écart des partis politiques lors du 17ème congrès des élus |url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/le-ppdg-proteste-contre-la-mise-a-l-ecart-des-partis-politiques-lors-du-17eme-congres-des-elus-1401214.html |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=Guadeloupe la 1ère |language=fr-FR}}
  • political party (autonomist): Guadeloupe Communist Party

{{Flag|Martinique}}

Haiti

Gonâve Island

  • Proposed state: Gonâve Island or autonomy{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2019 |title=Residents of La Gonave Haiti call for independence of the island |url=http://www.haitianinternet.com/articles/residents-of-la-gonave-haiti-call-for-independence-of-the-is.html |access-date=September 6, 2019 |website=Haitianinternet.com}}{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2019 |title=Gonâve : A wind of independence blows on the island |url=https://www.icihaiti.com/en/news-28680-icihaiti-gonave-a-wind-of-independence-blows-on-the-island.html |access-date=September 6, 2019 |website=iciHaiti}}
  • Advocacy group: La Gonâve en avant{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Des citoyens réclament l'indépendance de l'île de la Gonâve |url=https://haiti.loopnews.com/content/des-citoyens-reclament-lindependance-de-lile-de-la-gonave |access-date=September 5, 2019 |website=Loop|language=French}}{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Gouvernance Des gonaviens réclament l'indépendance de l'île|url=https://vantbefinfo.com/haiti-gouvernance-des-gonaviens-reclament-lindependance-de-lile |access-date=September 5, 2019 |website=Vant Bèf Info (VBI)|language=French}} Jatibonicu Taino Tribal Nation

Honduras

Coastal Departments of Honduras{{cite web|title=Iseri Lidáwamari : autonomía territorial y educativa en la comunidad Garifuna de Vallecito en Honduras|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/items/44f8a727-e117-4477-8ff7-408f0c808e92}}

Mexico

;Autonomist movements

File:Chiapas in Mexico (location map scheme).svg]]

{{Flag|Chiapas}}

  • Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
  • De facto autonomous area: Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
  • Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation{{Cite news |last=Vidal |first=John |date=February 17, 2018 |title=Mexico's Zapatista rebels, 24 years on and defiant in mountain strongholds |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/feb/17/mexico-zapatistas-rebels-24-years-mountain-strongholds |access-date=June 2, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |last=Villegas |first=Paulina |date=August 26, 2017 |title=In a Mexico 'Tired of Violence,' Zapatista Rebels Venture Into Politics |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/world/americas/mexico-zapatista-subcommander-marcos.html |access-date=June 2, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Mexico's Zapatistas Have Been Rebelling for Decades |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/zapatistas-have-been-revolutionary-force |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=Teen Vogue }}{{Cite web |last=Tucker |first=Duncan |title=Mexico's Zapatistas |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/1/1/are-mexicos-zapatista-rebels-still-relevant |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=www.aljazeera.com }}

Triqui

  • Ethnic group: Triqui
  • Proposed autonomous area: Oaxaca
  • Militant organization: Movement for Triqui Autonomy{{Cite web |title=Triqui {{!}} Indigenous Peoples {{!}} Intercontinental Cry |url=https://intercontinentalcry.org/indigenous-peoples/triqui/ |access-date=June 2, 2023 }}{{Cite web |title=On a Hunger Strike, the Displaced women of San Juan Copala {{!}} Intercontinental Cry |url=https://intercontinentalcry.org/on-a-hunger-strike-the-displaced-women-of-san-juan-copala/ |access-date=June 2, 2023 }}{{Cite web |last= |date=January 7, 2013 |title=Oaxaca: indigenous protest camp eviction |url=https://countervortex.org/blog/oaxaca-indigenous-protest-camp-eviction/ |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=CounterVortex }}

File:Flag of Aridoamerica.svg El Norte / Aridoamerica

  • Ethnic groups: Norteño people
  • Proposed state: Aridoamerican Confederacy
  • Advocate group: Proyecto Aridoamerica A.C.{{ Cite web |last=|date=August 25, 2024| title=Del proyecto Aridoamérica al Nortexit: toman fuerza las posturas separatistas en México | url=https://oem.com.mx/elsoldemexico/mexico/del-proyecto-aridoamerica-al-nortexit-toman-fuerza-las-posturas-separatistas-en-mexico-13119306|access-date=January 9, 2025|website=El Sol de México}} Partido Aridoamericano

File:Bandera de Nuevo León.png Nuevo León

  • Proposed state: Royal Republic of Nuevo León
  • Advocacy group: National Anti-AMLO Front(FRENAA){{Cite web |date=2024-09-16 |title=Desmitiendo la popular narrativa del "Nuevo León Independiente" |url=https://verificado.com.mx/desmitiendo-nuevo-leon-independiente/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |language=es}}{{Cite web |date=2020-04-24 |title=No es nuevo, intento de separación de Nuevo León |url=https://abcnoticias.mx/local/2020/4/24/no-es-nuevo-intento-de-separacion-de-nuevo-leon-112341.html |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ABC Noticias |language=es-AR}}{{Cite journal |last=Feldman |first=Aarón Benjamín López |date=2022-01-24 |title=Hacer a Nuevo León un reino de nuevo. El proyecto nostálgico de Abelardo A. Leal y la excepcionalidad regiomontana |url=https://sillares.uanl.mx/index.php/s/article/view/15?articlesBySimilarityPage=2 |journal=Sillares. Revista de Estudios Históricos |language=es |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=16–61 |doi=10.29105/sillares1.2-1 |issn=2683-3239|doi-access=free }}{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=Realizan consulta para que Nuevo León se independice de México |url=https://mvsnoticias.com/nuevo-leon/2025/1/5/realizan-consulta-para-que-nuevo-leon-se-independice-de-mexico-672577.html |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=MVS Noticias |language=es}}{{Cite web |last=Esquivel |first=Por Israel Aguilar |date=2025-01-06 |title=Regia República de Nuevo León: recaudan firmas para convertir al estado en un país independiente |url=https://www.infobae.com/mexico/2025/01/06/regia-republica-de-nuevo-leon-recaudan-firmas-para-convertir-al-estado-en-un-pais-independiente/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}

Netherlands

{{Flag|Curaçao}}

  • Proposed: Independence for Curaçao{{Cite web |title=Call for demonstrations in Curaçao and St. Maarten on Dec. 19, expected apology by Rutte {{!}} NL Times |url=https://nltimes.nl/2022/12/18/call-demonstrations-curacao-st-maarten-dec-19-expected-apology-rutte |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=nltimes.nl |date=December 18, 2022 }}
  • Political parties: Movement for the Future of Curaçao,{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2017 |title=MFK Wants An Independent Curacao. |url=https://soualigayouth.wordpress.com/2017/04/07/mfk-wants-an-independent-curacao/ |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=Soualiga Youth }} Sovereign People{{Cite web |last=Leidel-Schenk |first=Leoni |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Partijen aan het woord: Pueblo Soberano |url=https://www.versgeperst.com/nieuws/174458/partijen-aan-het-woord-pueblo-soberano.html |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=Versgeperst.com Curacao}}
  • Referendums: 1993 and 2005

{{Flag|Aruba}}

  • Proposed: Independence for Aruba
  • Political party: People's Electoral Movement (Aruba){{cite web|title= Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo: Pagina Principal |url=http://www.mep.aw/}}{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2023 |title=El incierto camino de Aruba hacia la independencia {{!}} NR {{!}} Periodismo alternativo |url=https://nuevarevolucion.es/el-incierto-camino-de-aruba-hacia-la-independencia/ |access-date=November 10, 2023 |language=es}}
  • Referendum: 1977

{{Flag|Sint Maarten}}

  • Proposed: Independence, autonomy or unification with Saint Martin
  • Political party: Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement{{cite web|title=URSM unveils 10-year vision for Country St. Maarten's autonomy|date=December 8, 2023 |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/ursm-unveils-10-year-vision-for-country-st-maarten-s-autonomy}}
  • Referendums: 1994 and 2000

{{Flag|Bonaire}}{{cite web |title=“We deserve to speak and defend our own island Bonaire. |website=St. Martin News Network |date=5 July 2023 |url=https://smn-news.com/index.php/letters/43323-we-deserve-to-speak-and-defend-our-own-island-bonaire.html |access-date=1 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705202109/https://smn-news.com/index.php/letters/43323-we-deserve-to-speak-and-defend-our-own-island-bonaire.html |archive-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}

{{Flag|Saba}}{{cite web|title=VVD puts islands’ potential for independence in election prog|url=https://saba-news.com/vvd-puts-islands-potential-for-independence-in-election-prog/}}

Nicaragua

Miskitu

  • Ethnic group: Miskito people
  • Proposed: Greater autonomy for Miskitu{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2023 |title=Nación Moskitia: un sueño de independencia - Realidades |url=https://realidades.com.ni/podcast/831-nacion-moskitia-independencia/ |access-date=September 11, 2024 |language=es}}{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2011 |title=Los indígenas que quieren el dinero del narco |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/05/110524_nicaragua_drogas_indigenas_amab |access-date=September 11, 2024 |website=BBC News Mundo |language=es}}
  • Political party: General Assembly of the Council of Elders{{Cite web |last=Investiga |first=Nicaragua |date=September 14, 2020 |title=¡Viva la Independencia!: El grito de los indígenas en la Costa Caribe |url=https://nicaraguainvestiga.com/reportajes/34516-independencia-costa-caribe-nicaragua-moskitia/ |access-date=September 11, 2024 |website=Nicaragua Investiga |language=es}}

Panama

Madungandí{{cite web|title=Kuna in Panama|url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/kuna/}}

Saint Kitts and Nevis

File:Saint Kitts and Nevis Regions map.png island]]

{{Flag|Nevis}}{{cite web|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000020/002025.htm|title=Independence for Nevis still on the agenda, says premier|date=July 16, 2006|website=Caribbean Net News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060808185131/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000020/002025.htm|archive-date=August 8, 2006|access-date=March 19, 2019}}

  • Proposed: Greater autonomy for Nevis
  • Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party,{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2021 |title=Address by the Leader of the Nevis Reformation Party Dr. Janice Daniel-Hodge New Year's Day 2022 |url=https://www.nevispages.com/address-by-the-leader-of-the-nevis-reformation-party-dr-janice-daniel-hodge-new-years-day-2022/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=NevisPages.com }} Concerned Citizens' Movement{{Cite web |title=Freedom in the World 2013 - St. Kitts and Nevis |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5180c8f8f.html |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Refworld }}

Trinidad and Tobago

{{Flag|Tobago}}

  • Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for Tobago{{Cite web |last=Connelly |first=Corey |date=July 5, 2021 |title=Tracy: Does PDP want autonomy for Tobago? - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday |url=https://newsday.co.tt/2021/07/05/tracy-does-pdp-want-autonomy-for-tobago/,%20https://newsday.co.tt/2021/07/05/tracy-does-pdp-want-autonomy-for-tobago/ |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=newsday.co.tt }}{{Cite web |title=PNM slams PDP's plan for Tobago's independence {{!}} Loop Trinidad & Tobago |url=https://tt.loopnews.com/content/pnm-candidate-moriah-slams-pdps-plan-tobagos-independence |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=Loop News }}
  • Political party: Tobago Organisation of the People,{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2014 |title=House to debate autonomy |url=https://www.tha.gov.tt/towards-tobagos-autonomy/house-to-debate-autonomy/ |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=Tobago House of Assembly }}Progressive Democratic Patriots,Tobago Forwards, One Tobago Voice{{Cite web |last=Connelly |first=Corey |date=July 2, 2020 |title=One Tobago Voice to contest general election - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday |url=https://newsday.co.tt/2020/07/02/one-tobago-voice-to-contest-general-election/,%20https://newsday.co.tt/2020/07/02/one-tobago-voice-to-contest-general-election/ |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=newsday.co.tt }}

United States

{{Main|Secession in the United States}}

{{See also|List of active separatist movements in Oceania#United States}}

{{Flag|Cascadia}}

thumb

  • Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
  • Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion{{Cite web |title=Far-fetched as they might seem, secession movements are thriving in the NW |url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/pacific-northwest-secession-state-of-jefferson-cascadia/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=opb }}{{Cite web |title=Should Oregon Secede? Initiative Seeks To Ask Oregon Voters That Question |url=https://www.opb.org/news/series/election-2016/oregon-secede-from-united-states-cascadia/ |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=opb }}

Native Americans

File:Map of USA South.svg]]

Southern United States

  • Proposed state or autonomous region: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
  • Advocacy groups: League of the South,{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2017 |title=What is The League Of The South |url=https://leagueofthesouth.com/what-is-ls/ |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=League of The South |archive-date=January 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126213651/http://leagueofthesouth.com/what-is-ls/ }}{{Cite news |last=Weill |first=Kelly |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Neo-Confederate League of the South Banned From Armed Protesting in Charlottesville |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/neo-confederate-league-of-the-south-banned-from-protesting-in-charlottesville |access-date=June 7, 2023}}{{Cite web |last=Hayden |first=Michael Edison |date=January 27, 2018 |title=Violent White Nationalists Are Rallying in Florida |url=https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-group-linked-violent-street-brawls-descends-florida-792854 |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=Newsweek }} other neo-Confederate and non-confederate southern separatist groups.

Deseret{{cite web |date=August 9, 2021 |title=New movement of religious extremists push ultra-conservative vision in US |url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/aug/09/deznats-religious-extremists-mormon-vision |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=the Guardian }}

{{Flag|Aztlán}}

{{See also|Chicano nationalism|Plan Espiritual de Aztlán|Reconquista (Mexico)}}

  • Ethnic group: Chicano Movement, Chicano
  • Proposed: Greater autonomy for Aztlán{{cite web |date=May 17, 2011 |title=National MEChA {{!}} The Philosophy of MEChA |url=http://www.nationalmecha.org/philosophy.html |access-date=December 7, 2022 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517151440/http://www.nationalmecha.org/philosophy.html |archive-date=May 17, 2011 }}{{cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=My journey to Aztlán - Freedom Road Socialist Organization {{!}} FRSO |url=https://frso.org/statements/my-journey-to-aztlan/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 }}
  • Advocacy groups: MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán,{{cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Defining 'Chicanismo' Since the 1969 Denver Youth Conference |url=https://www.kcet.org/history-society/defining-chicanismo-since-the-1969-denver-youth-conference |access-date=December 7, 2022 |website=KCET }} "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán"),{{cite web |date=February 18, 2017 |title=National M.E.Ch.A. Official Website |url=http://www.chicanxdeaztlan.org/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218164039/http://www.chicanxdeaztlan.org/ |archive-date=February 18, 2017 }} Freedom Road Socialist Organization,{{cite web |date=September 21, 2022 |title=El socialismo - Freedom Road Socialist Organization {{!}} FRSO |url=https://frso.org/espanol/el-socialismo/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 }} which calls for self-determination for the Chicano nation in Aztlan up to and including the right to secession.{{cite web |date=May 6, 2001 |title=Unity Statement of Freedom Road Socialist Organization - Freedom Road Socialist Organization |website=FRSO |url=https://frso.org/congress/unity-statement/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 }}

File:Republic of New Afrika.svg]]

New Afrika

{{main article| African-American self-determination}}

File:NE US relief.png in the USA in red]]

{{Flag|New England}}

  • Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New England{{cite news|url=https://www.ctinsider.com/shoreline/article/Could-New-England-secede-from-the-union-This-16369205.php|accessdate=June 20, 2022|work=CT Insider|last=Fenster|first=Jordan|title=Could New England secede from the union? This group hopes so|date=August 6, 2021}} {{cite web |title=New England Independence Campaign |url=https://www.newenglandindependence.org/ |access-date=October 9, 2022 }}
  • Advocacy groups: New England Independence Campaign,{{cite web|author=Welcome to the New England Independence Campaign |url=https://www.newenglandindependence.org/ |title=New England Independence Campaign |publisher=Newenglandindependence.org |date= |accessdate=March 27, 2023}}{{Cite web |last=Reck |first=Keegan |date=October 8, 2021 |title=The case for New England independence |url=https://dailycampus.com/2021/10/08/the-case-for-new-england-independence/ |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=The Daily Campus }} New England Autonomy Movement,{{Cite web |title=New England Autonomy |url=https://www.newenglandautonomy.org/ |access-date=January 14, 2025 |website=New England Autonomy }} People's Initiative of New England{{Cite web |last=Initiative |first=The People’s |date=July 28, 2023 |title=Introduction |url=https://pineupdates.substack.com/p/introduction |access-date=March 16, 2024 |website=PINE Updates}}
  • Political Party: Yankee National Party (includes both the Mid-Atlantic and New England){{Cite web |title=YANKEE NATIONAL PARTY |url=https://www.yankeenp.org/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=YANKEE NATIONAL PARTY |language=en}}

{{Flag|Alaska}}

File:Alaska in United States (US50) (+grid) (W3).svg]]

  • Ethnic group: Alaskan Creoles, Alaska Natives, Americans, Russian Americans
  • Proposed state: Republic of Alaska{{Cite web |title=Alaska secession initiative blocked by Alaska High Court |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Alaska_secession_initiative_blocked_by_Alaska_High_Court |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=Ballotpedia }}{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2018 |first=Marie |last=Francis |title=We should revitalize the Alaska Independence Party. Here's why. |url=https://www.adn.com/opinions/2018/09/19/we-should-revitalize-the-alaska-independence-party-heres-why/ |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=Anchorage Daily News }}
  • Political party: Alaskan Independence Party{{Cite web|url=http://www.akip.org/|title=Alaskan Independence Party|website=www.akip.org}}

File:California in United States.svg]]

{{Flag|California}}

  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Second Californian Republic / "New" California or autonomy
  • Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
  • Advocacy groups: Yes California,{{Cite web |last= |date=August 26, 2015 |title=Column: Meet the man who wants to make California a sovereign entity |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-morrison-marinelli-20150826-column.html |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times }} Californians for Independence
  • Political parties: California National Party,{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=February 17, 2016 |title=Meet the California Separatists Leading a New Movement to Secede from the United States |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-californians-inspired-by-scotland-to-pursue-independent-nationhood/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Vice }} California Freedom Coalition{{Cite web |last=Jennewein |first=Chris |date=July 27, 2017 |title=Independent California? Backers Begin Gathering Signatures for Initiative |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2017/07/26/independent-california-backers-begin-gathering-signatures-initiative/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Times of San Diego }}

{{Flag|Texas}}

  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of Texas
  • Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos
  • Advocacy groups: Texas Nationalist Movement,{{Cite news |last=Chappel |first=Bill |date=June 20, 2022 |title=Texas GOP's new platform says Biden didn't really win. It also calls for secession |work=npr |url=https://www.npr.org/ |access-date=June 8, 2023}}{{Cite web |last=Holley |first=Peter |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Are Texas Republicans Serious About Secession? |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/are-texas-republicans-serious-about-secession/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Texas Monthly }} Republic of Texas (group)

{{Flag|New Hampshire}}{{Cite web |last= |date=January 21, 2022 |title=A separatist movement to pull N.H. from the United States gets a hearing in Concord |url=https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2022-01-21/nh-secession-free-state-us-state-house |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=New Hampshire Public Radio }}{{Cite web |last=West |first=Nancy |date=March 10, 2022 |title=New Hampshire Secession Goes Down in Flames |url=https://indepthnh.org/2022/03/10/new-hampshire-secession-goes-down-in-flames/ |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=InDepthNH.org }}

  • Proposed state or autonomous area: New Hampshire
  • Advocacy groups: NHexit,{{cite web |title=NHexit.US |url=https://nhexit.us/ |access-date= |website=}}{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Inspired by the Brexit, New Hampshire group seeks secession |url=https://www.wmur.com/article/inspired-by-the-brexit-new-hampshire-group-seeks-secession/5212475 |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=WMUR }} Foundation for New Hampshire Independence,{{cite web |title=Foundation for New Hampshire Independence – First Before. First Again. |url=https://nhindependence.org/ |access-date=September 3, 2022 |website=Foundation for New Hampshire Independence }} Free State Project

{{Flag|Vermont}}

  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Vermont Republic
  • Political party: Vermont Independence Party{{cite news |title=NHexit |work= |url=https://nhexit.us/}}{{cite web|url=http://www.7dvt.com/vermont-independence-party?filter1[date]=2010-01-15&filter1[time]=00%3A00&filter2[date]=2010-01-15&filter2[time]=23%3A59&timeframe=future|title=Vermont Independence Party convention|website=Seven Days newspaper|date=September 2012}}{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2012 |title=Only in Vermont?! A Vermont Independence Party (VIP) in the State House |url=https://vtdigger.org/2012/08/30/only-in-vermont-a-vermont-independence-party-vip-in-the-state-house/ |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=VTDigger }} Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (Anarchist)
  • Advocacy group: Second Vermont Republic{{Cite web |title=If at First You Don't Secede: Trump Could Revitalize Vermont Movement |url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/if-at-first-you-dont-secede-trump-could-revitalize-vermont-movement/Content?oid=3944108 |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=Seven Days }}{{Cite web |last=Ketcham |first=Christopher |date=March 19, 2013 |title=U.S. Out of Vermont! |url=https://prospect.org/api/content/99bac7ed-65d4-5f42-a4f7-b8657aa688fb/ |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=The American Prospect }}

{{Flag|Florida}}

=Territories=

File:Puerto Rico (orthographic projection).svg]]

{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}

{{Main article|Independence movement in Puerto Rico}}

  • Proposed: Independence, statehood, autonomy, independence under free association{{Cite news |last=Robles |first=Frances |date=June 11, 2017 |title=23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/us/puerto-ricans-vote-on-the-question-of-statehood.html |access-date=June 9, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news |last=Marcos |first=Coral Murphy |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Statehood or independence? Puerto Rico's status at forefront of political debate |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/20/puerto-rico-statehood-independent-free-association-debate |access-date=June 9, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}} or reunification with Spain as an autonomous community{{Cite web |publisher=Puerto Rico 51st |date=April 5, 2021 |title=Reunification with Spain? |url=https://www.pr51st.com/reunification-with-spain/ |access-date=December 3, 2024 |website=www.pr51st.com }}{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2024 |title=Adelante Reunificacionistas |url=https://adelantereunificacionistas.com/ |access-date=December 3, 2024 |website=Adelante Reunificacionistas |language=es}}
  • Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
  • Advocacy groups: Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico,{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2020 |title=The history of Puerto Rico shows that nationalism can be liberatory rather than xenophobic {{!}} LSE Latin America and Caribbean |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2020/05/21/the-history-of-puerto-rico-shows-that-nationalism-can-be-liberatory-rather-than-xenophobic/ |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog}}Hostosian National Independence Movement{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2020 |title=International day of solidarity with the independence of Puerto Rico |url=https://www.gp.org/in,dependence_of_puerto_rico |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=www.gp.org}}(MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Movimiento Puertorriqueño Reunificacionista con España (MPRE)
  • Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic

{{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}}

  • Proposed: Republic of the Virgin Islands or greater autonomy for the United States Virgin Islands{{Cite web |title=What Does The USVI And Puerto Rico Have In Common? A Summary Of A Stimulating Discussion On Self-Determination In The Virgin Islands. |url=https://viconsortium.com/vi-opinion/virgin-islands-what-does-the-usvi-and-puerto-rico-have-in-common-a-summary-of-a-stimulating-discussion-on-self-determination-in-the-virgin-islands- |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=viconsortium.com }} or unification with the British Virgin Islands
  • Political party: Independent Citizens Movement{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2018 |title='Homegrown' Independent Citizens Movement Celebrates 50 Years |url=https://stthomassource.com/content/2018/10/22/homegrown-independent-citizens-movement-celebrates-50-years/ |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=St. Thomas Source }}

United Kingdom

{{Flag|Bermuda}}1995 Bermudian independence referendum{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 13, 2023 |title=Poll shows growing opposition to Bermuda's independence |url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/poll-shows-growing-opposition-to-bermudas-independence/ |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=CNW Network }}{{Cite web |title=Throne Speech sparks debate on Independence – Bermuda Education Network |url=https://www.bermudaeducationnetwork.com/3726-2/ |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=www.bermudaeducationnetwork.com}}

  • Proposed state: Bermuda
  • Political party: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda),{{Cite web |last=Lagan |first=Sarah |date=September 20, 2022 |title='Our next step is certainly to be a sovereign state' Burt tells BBC during interview |url=https://www.royalgazette.com/general/news/article/20220920/our-next-step-is-certainly-to-be-a-sovereign-state-burt-tells-bbc/ |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=www.royalgazette.com }}{{Cite web |last=Lagan |first=Sarah |date=November 21, 2022 |title=Bermuda should 'strive' to get off list of non self-governing countries – Premier |url=https://www.royalgazette.com/politics/news/article/20221121/bermuda-should-strive-to-get-off-list-of-non-self-governing-countries-premier/ |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=www.royalgazette.com }} One Bermuda Alliance (historically), Gombey Liberation Movement

{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}{{cite web|title=Cayman is ready for independence|date=September 7, 2020 |url=https://www.caymancompass.com/2020/09/07/cayman-is-ready-for-independence/}}{{cite web|title= Eden calls for independence from UK 'noose'|date=October 22, 2020 |url=https://caymannewsservice.com/2020/10/eden-calls-for-independence-from-uk-noose/}}

{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}}{{cite web|title=The British Virgin Islands divided on the issue of independence|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/british-virgin-islands-divided-issue-independence}}

See also

References

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Americas topic|List of active separatist movements in}}

{{Separatist movements per continent}}

{{Secession in Countries}}

{{Irredentism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In North America, List Of}}

Separatist Movements, Active

Separatist Movements In North America, Active

North America

Separatist Movements In North America, Active