Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
{{Short description|Belgium-based international organization formed in 1991}}
{{Update|inaccurate=yes|reason=outdated membership|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organization
| name =
| conventional_long_name = Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
| linking_name = the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
| symbol_type = Logo
| image_symbol = UNPO.svg
| image_flag = Flag of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation.svg
| symbol_width = 75px
| alt_symbol =
| image_map = Lânkaart UNPO-lidmaatskip.png
| map_caption = Members of UNPO. Former members are in dark gray.
| leader_name1 = Edna Adan Ismail
| leader_title2 = Vice-Presidents
| leader_name2 = Elisenda Paluzie
Rubina Greenwood
| leader_title3 = Presidency members include
| leader_name3 = Abdirahman Mahdi
Dolkun Isa
Paul Strauss
Tina Rose Muña Barnes
| established = 11 February 1991
| official_website = {{Official URL}}
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| today =
}}
{{Indigenous rights}}
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|title=UNPO World Statesman.org|publisher=Worldstatesman|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427092430/https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/section/2|title=About UNPO|publisher=UNPO|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305115204/http://www.unpo.org/section/2|url-status=live}} at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognized or occupied territories.
UNPO works to develop the understanding of and respect for the right to self-determination, provides advice and support related to questions of international recognition and political autonomy, trains groups on how to advocate for their causes effectively, and directly advocates for an international response to human rights violations perpetrated against UNPO member groups.
Since its foundation in 1991, UNPO’s membership has grown steadily from its original founders, now representing more than 45 peoples worldwide, comprising over 300 million people lacking true representation in domestic or international forums. Over the years, many members have achieved their movement’s goals and gained formal recognition at the national or international level, leading them to leave the organization as their peoples are no longer considered “unrepresented.” Former members who have left the organization after gaining full independence and joining the United Nations (UN) include Armenia, East Timor, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia and Palau.{{cite news|first=Barbara|last=Crossette|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DB1238F93BA25751C1A962958260|title=Those Knocking, Unheeded, at UN's Doors Find Champion|work=New York Times|date=18 December 1994}}{{cite magazine|last=Tishkov|first=Valerie|url=http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|title=An Anthropology of NGOs|magazine=Eurozine|date=July 2008|access-date=19 July 2008|archive-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229152902/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-06-01-tishkov-en.html|url-status=dead}}
Throughout 2024, UNPO conducted several training sessions aimed at helping its members and activists. Sessions included in-person training for Asia Pacific members in Geneva, online cybersecurity training, a cybersecurity training in person for the Baloch community in Stockholm, an in-person training in Brussels on the principles and practical applications of non-violent resistance and a youth study session supported by the Council of Europe, emphasizing the importance of acquiring and improving necessary skills for advocacy within marginalized communities. {{Cite web|title=UNPO: UNPO's Journey of Empowerment: The 2023-2024 Activity Report in Global Advocacy and Solidarity|url=https://unpo.org/article/8685|access-date=19 June 2024|website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009}}
History
The UNPO was conceived of by leaders of self-determination movements such as Linnart Mäll of the Congress of Estonia, Erkin Alptekin of East Turkestan, and Lodi Gyari of Tibet, together with {{ill|Michael van Walt van Praag|nl}}, along with the international law adviser of the 14th Dalai Lama. The founders were representatives of national movements of Estonia, Latvia, Tibet, Crimean Tatars, Armenia, Georgia, Tatarstan, East Turkestan, East Timor, Australian Aboriginals, the Cordillera in the Philippines, the Greek minority in Albania, Kurdistan, Palau, Taiwan, and West Papua.{{cite book|editor-last=Simmons|editor-first=Mary Kate|year=1996|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=90-411-0223-X|oclc=36779050|pages=1–3}} A key UNPO goal was, and remains, to replicate the powerful message of nonviolence and interethnic tolerance in the face of oppression exhibited by the Tibetan people and championed by the 14th Dalai Lama and to provide a forum in which others are encouraged and supported to adopt similar approaches.{{cite book|url=http://www.unpo.org/downloads/428.pdf|title=UNPO 20th Anniversary Publication: Twenty Years of Promoting Nonviolence, Human Rights and Self Determination|publisher=UNPO|year=2011|location=The Hague, Netherlands|access-date=6 September 2012|archive-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805064717/http://www.unpo.org/downloads/428.pdf|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.gluckman.com/unpo.html|title=World's wanna-be republics find a home with UNPO|first=Ron|last=Gluckman|work=Asiaweek|year=1998|access-date=4 November 2010|archive-date=25 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125105456/http://gluckman.com/unpo.html|url-status=live}}
UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 The Hague in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts international courts like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC). A Foundation was established in the Netherlands to provide secretarial support to the UNPO General Assembly and to carry out research and educational activities related to unrepresented peoples worldwide. The Foundation maintains a permanent presence before the European Union, United States and United Nations. It is funded by a combination of member contributions, donations from individuals, and project-based grants from foundations.{{cn|date=February 2021}}
Aims
UNPO’s aim is to uphold the fundamental right to autonomy and self-determination for all peoples, striving for a world where every nation and people is heard, valued, and respected. It envisions a future where fundamental rights, including the freedom to determine political status and pursue economic, social, and cultural development, are guaranteed for all.
To achieve this, UNPO fosters solidarity and knowledge exchange among unrepresented peoples through a unique global platform. By strengthening cross-regional projects and engaging in dialogue with the international community, UNPO contributes to building a peaceful, democratic, equitable, and sustainable world. The platform ensures that the voices of unrepresented peoples are not only heard but valued in global forums, empowering nations and peoples to fully realize their potential within a just and inclusive society.
UNPO’s work emphasizes the necessity of non-violent resistance against oppression, while also focusing on the inclusion of underrepresented groups, particularly youth and women, in decision-making processes. By strengthening democratic values, spreading the principles of Gandhian non-violence, and advocating for human rights, the organization empowers members to preserve their cultural identities and contribute to global discussions on pressing environmental and geopolitical challenges. Through strategic partnerships with like-minded organizations, academia, and international actors, UNPO raises awareness of human rights abuses and supports members in having their voices heard on the world stage.
Although UNPO members often have different goals, they have one thing in common: they are generally not represented diplomatically (or only with a minor status, such as observer) in major international institutions, such as the United Nations (UN). As a result, their ability to have their concerns addressed by the global bodies mandated to protect human rights and address conflict is limited.
UNPO is dedicated to the five principles enshrined in its Covenant:
1) The equal right to self-determination:
Self-determination is a fundamental human right, allowing peoples to shape their own political, cultural, and social future, ensuring that all voices are heard in decision-making processes.
2) Adherence to the internationally accepted human rights standards as laid down in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and other international instruments:
Human rights are universal norms designed to protect all people from political, legal, and social abuses, regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or legal status.
3) Adherence to the principles of democratic pluralism and rejection of totalitarianism and religious intolerance:
Democratic pluralism is an inclusive, participatory system where governance is accountable, transparent, and responsive to the people. It embraces diversity, celebrates different cultures, and promotes political inclusion through knowledge, freedom of thought, and openness to differing viewpoints.
4) Promotion of non-violence and the rejection of terrorism as an instrument of policy:
Non-violence is the rejection of violent actions to achieve political goals. UNPO encourages members to adopt peaceful resistance and promote inter-ethnic tolerance in response to oppression.
5) Protection of the natural environment:
Environmental protection is about preserving habitats and resources that protect cultures. Indigenous and local communities, as guardians of traditional ecological knowledge, are best positioned to safeguard their environment and way of life.
All members are required to sign and abide by the UNPO Covenant.{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/section/2/1|title=UNPO: UNPO Covenant|website=UNPO|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115101506/https://unpo.org/section/2/1|url-status=live}} UNPO members are required to be nonviolent.{{Cite book|title=The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism|first=Clifford|last=Bob|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|pages=47–48, 76–77}}
Members
The following are listed as members by the UNPO.{{cite web|url=http://unpo.org/members.php|title=Members|publisher=UNPO|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=17 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617125325/https://unpo.org/members.php|url-status=live}}
Original members are listed with pink background and in bold.
Members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN Member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*).
| class="wikitable sortable"
! Member ! Date joined ! Represented by ! class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg}} Aceh | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} |
| {{flagicon image|Annobon.png}} Annobón
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|5|14}} |
| {{flagdeco|Volkstaat}} Afrikaners
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|5|15}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Arabistan.svg}} Ahwazi
| {{dts|format=dmy|2003|11|14}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Assyrians (no Assur).svg}} Assyrians
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Baloch People.svg}} Balochistan
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}} |
| {{flagicon|Barotseland}} Barotseland
| {{dts|format=dmy|2013|11|23}} |
| {{flagicon image|Bandera poble Batwa.svg}} Batwa
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}} | African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization |
| Bellah
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|6|6}} |
| {{flagicon|Biafra}} Biafra
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|31}} | Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra/Biafra Independence Movement | {{Cite web|title=UNPO Welcomes 5 New Members!|publisher=UNPO|date=3 August 2020|access-date=7 August 2020|url=https://unpo.org/article/22010|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806201317/https://unpo.org/article/22010|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Guam: Territory to be Inducted into UNPO|publisher=UNPO|date=31 July 2020|access-date=7 August 2020|url=https://unpo.org/article/22015|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809004427/https://unpo.org/article/22015|url-status=live}} |
| {{flagicon|Brittany}} Brittany
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|6|8}} | {{ill|Kelc’h An Dael|br|Kelc'h An Dael}} |
| {{flagicon|Catalonia}} Catalans
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|12|14}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Shanti Bahini.svg}} Chittagong Hill Tracts
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}} |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg}} Crimean Tatars | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} |
| {{flagdeco|Washington, D.C.}} District of Columbia (Washington, DC)
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|4}} | D.C. Statehood Congressional Delegation |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|East Turkestan}} East Turkestan | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Balawaristan.svg}} Gilgit Baltistan
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|9|20}} |
| {{flagicon|Guam}} Guam
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|31}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flagge Haratin FALM.PNG}} Haratin
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|9|18}} | Initiative de Résurgence du Mouvement Abolitionniste en Mauritanie |
| {{flagicon image|Hmong Flag (UNPO).svg}} Hmong
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan.svg}} Iranian Kurds
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}} | Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan |
| {{flagicon image|Berber flag.svg}} Kabylia
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|6|6}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of KKF.svg}} Khmer Krom
| {{dts|format=dmy|2001|7|15}} |
| {{flagicon image|Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg}} Nagalim
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|23}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic.jpg}} Niger Delta
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|6|1}} |
| {{flagicon|Ogaden}} Ogaden
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|6}} |
| {{flagicon|Ogoni}} Ogoni
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|19}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg}} Oromo
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|12|19}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Sindhudesh.svg}} Sindhis
| {{dts|format=dmy|2002|1|19}} |
| {{flagicon|Somaliland}} Somaliland*
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|12|19}} |
| {{flagicon|South Moluccas}} South Moluccas
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Azerbaijan.svg}} Southern Azerbaijanis
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party.svg}} Southern Mongolians
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}} |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|Taiwan}} Taiwan* | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|Tibet}} Tibet | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} |
| {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} West Balochistan
| {{dts|format=dmy|2005|6|26}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Western Togoland.svg}} Western Togolanders
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017}} |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|Republic of West Papua}} West Papuans | {{dts|format=dmy|11 February 1991}} | {{Cite web|title=UNPO: West Papua|publisher=UNPO|access-date=24 January 2019|url=https://unpo.org/members/7843|date=15 October 2014|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023214017/https://unpo.org/members/7843|url-status=live}} |
| {{flagicon image|Oduduwa Flag.jpg}} Yoruba
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|31}} |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Zambesia.jpg}} Zambesia
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|31}} |
Former members
Some members of the UNPO have left because of United Nations (UN) recognition, autonomy agreements, or for other reasons.
The following lists former and suspended members.
Former members who became part of the UN are highlighted with a blue background and italics. Original members (from 11 February 1991) are listed with pink background and in bold. Former members who are recognised as independent countries by at least 1 UN member or by other countries recognised by at least 1 UN member are marked by asterisk (*). Suspended members are marked by yellow background.
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| Former member
! Date joined ! Date withdrew ! class="unsortable"|Note ! class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |
|---|
| {{flagdeco|Abkhazia}} Abkhazians*
|{{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}} |2020 |Represented by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia |
| style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon image|Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg}} Aboriginals of Australia | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}} | Represented by National Committee to Defend Black Rights |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Albanians in North Macedonia.svg}} Albanians in North Macedonia
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|4|16}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}} | Reached agreement on wider rights with North Macedonia in 2001 |
| {{flagicon image|Berber flag.svg}} Amazigh
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|11|28}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2016|11|26}} | Represented by World Amazigh Congress |
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Southern_Cameroons.svg}} Ambazonia
|{{dts|format=dmy|2006|10|25}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|6|7}} |Represented by the Southern Cameroons National Council and Ambazonia Governing Council (from September 2018). |
| style="background:#cdf;"
| {{ARM}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1992|3|2}} | Became member of the UN in 1992 |
| {{flagicon|Bashkortostan}} Bashkortostan
| {{dts|format=dmy|1996|2|3}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1998|6|30}} | |
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Bougainville.svg}} Bougainville
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1 |
| Reached an agreement with Papua New Guinea in 2021, in which Bougainville will be independent by 2027.
|-
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|12|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2009|10|9}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Burma}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|5|15}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|13}}
| Represented by National Council of the Union of Burma. The Myanmar military junta was dissolved in 2011.
|-
| {{flagicon|Buryatia}} Buryatia
| {{dts|format=dmy|1996|2|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|13}}
| Represented by All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cabinda (FLEC propose).svg}} Cabinda
| {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|9|18}}
| Represented by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda
|-
| {{flagicon image|Unofficial flag of Cham Albanians.svg}} Chameria
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|6|8}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|12}}
| Democratic Foundation of Chameria
| {{Cite web|title=UNPO: Chameria|publisher=UNPO|access-date=24 January 2019|url=https://unpo.org/members/20197|date=6 July 2017|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023184238/https://unpo.org/members/20197|url-status=live}}
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (with COA).svg}} Chechen Republic of Ichkeria*
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|9|10}}
| Government-in-exile in London.
|-
| {{flagicon image|Chin National Flag.png}} Chin
| {{dts|format=dmy|2001|7|15}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|11|26}}
| Represented by Chin National Front
|-
| {{flagicon|Chuvashia}} Chuvash
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}}
| Represented by the Chuvash National Congress
|-
| {{flagicon|Circassia}} Circassia
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|4|16}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|06}}
| Represented by {{visible anchor|International Circassian Association}}
|- style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon image|Pi cpdf.GIF}} Cordillera
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|6}}
| Represented by Cordillera Peoples' Alliance
|-
| {{dts|format=dmy|2003|11|14}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|4|29}}
| Represented by Montagnard Foundation, Inc.
|- style="background:#cdf;"
| {{Flag|East Timor|1975}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2002|9|27}}
| Became member of the UN in 2002
|- style="background:#cdf;"
| {{Flag|Estonia}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|9|17}}
| Became member of the UN in 1991
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Gagauzia.svg}} Gagauzia
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|4|16}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|1}}
| Reached autonomy agreement with Moldova in 1994
|- style="background:#cdf;"
| {{Flag|Georgia|1990}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1992|7|31}}
| Became member of the UN in 1992
|- style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Greece.svg}} Greek minority in Albania
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| Represented by Omonoia
|-
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} Hungarian minority in Romania
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|7|30}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015||}}
| Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
|-
| {{flagicon|Ingushetia}} Ingushetia
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|7|30}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Inkerin lippu.svg}} Inkeri
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2009|10|9}}
|
|- style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|Iraqi Kurdistan}} Iraqi Kurdistan
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|7|1}}
| Represented by Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front.svg}} Iraqi Turkmen
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|11|27}}
| Represented by Iraqi Turkmen Front, Turkmen Nationalist Movement, Turkmen Wafa Movement, and Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkmens
|-
| {{flagicon image|Ka Lahui Hawai Flag.svg}} Kalahui Hawaii
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|8|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| Represented by Ka Lahui Hawaii
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Karenni people.png}} Karenni State
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| Represented by Karenni National Progressive Party{{failed verification|date=January 2019}}
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| {{flagicon image|Flag-of-Khalistan.svg}} Khalistan
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|24}}{{cite book|last1=Downing|first1=John D. H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media|date=2011|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9780761926887|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|via=Google Books|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072135/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|url-status=live}}
| 4 August 1993
| Membership suspended on 4 August 1993 and suspension made permanent 22 January 1995.{{cite book|last1=Simmons|first1=Mary Kate|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook|year=1998|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=9789041102232|page=187|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan+Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organisation&pg=PA187|access-date=3 August 2018|via=Google Books|archive-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413200221/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan+Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organisation&pg=PA187|url-status=live}}
|{{cite book|title=Faultlines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIbaAAAAMAAJ|volume=19|year=2008|publisher=Institute for Conflict Management|oclc=953841033|page=108|via=Google Books|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413200221/https://books.google.com/books?id=SIbaAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
|-
| {{flagicon|Komi Republic}} Komi
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2009|10|9}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon|Kosova}} Kosovo*
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|24}}
| Represented by Democratic League of Kosovo
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kumukh people 1.svg}} Kumyk
| {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Pine Ridge Flag Oglala Lakota Nation.gif}} Lakota Nation
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|7|30}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|1}}
| Followed by the declaration of the Republic of Lakotah
|-
| Latin American Indigenous Peoples (Project)
| 2016
|?
|
|- style="background:#cdf;"
| {{LAT}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|9|17}}
| Became member of the UN in 1991
|-
| {{Flagicon image|Lezgian flag.svg}} Lezghin
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|30}}
| Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy
|-
| {{flagicon|Maasai people}} Maasai
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|12|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| Represented by Maasai Women for Education and Economic Development
|-
| {{flagicon image|Personal Standard of Pomare IV.svg}} Maohi
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|7|30}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|1}}
| Represented by Hiti Tau
|-
|{{flagicon image|Flagge fan Madesj.png}} Madhesh
|{{dts|format=dmy|2017|10|14}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|30}}
|Represented by Alliance for Independent Madhesh
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Mapuches (1992).svg}} Mapuche
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|4|26}}
| Represented by {{visible anchor|Mapuche Inter-Regional Council}}
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari UNPO.gif}} Mari
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2009|10|9}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|New Mon State Party flag.svg}} Mon
| {{dts|format=dmy|1996|2|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|7}}
| Represented by Mon Unity League
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} Moro
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|9|26}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|11|28}}
| Represented by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, autonomy and peace deal with the government in 2014
|-
| Nahua Del Alto Balsas
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|12|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|9|20}}
|
|-
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|9|23}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}}
|
|- style="background:#cdf;"
| {{PLW}} (Belau)
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1994|12|15}}
| Became member of the UN in 1994
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Transcarpathian Oblast (unofficial).svg}} Rusyn
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|9|23}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|1}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon|Sakha Republic}} Sakha
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|8|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|6|30}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon|Sandžak}} Sanjak
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|9|18}}
| Represented by the Bosnian National Council of Sanjak
|-
|{{flagicon|Savoy}} Savoy
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|6|29}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|30}}
|
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| {{flagicon|Skåneland}} Scania (Skåneland)
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|9|18}}
| Membership suspended on 18 September 2011.{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO|title=International Organizations N – W|access-date=4 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427092430/https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations2.html#UNPO|url-status=live}}
|-
| {{flagicon image|Rehobothflag.svg}} Rehoboth Basters
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}}
| Represented by Captains Council
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Shan State.svg}} Shan
| {{dts|format=dmy|1997|4|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|6}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flagge fan Súd-Araabje.png}} South Arabia
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|4|29}}
|
| Represented by the Southern Democratic Assembly for Self-Determination for South Arabia's People
|-
|{{flagicon image|War Flag of Sulu Sultanate.svg}} Sulu
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|1|5}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|30}}
|Sulu Foundation of Nine Ethnic Tribes
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Talysh.svg}} Talysh
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|7|15}}
|
|- style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| {{flagicon|Tatarstan}} Tatarstan
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|2|11}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2008|3|1}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon image|Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg}} Trieste (Free Territory of Trieste)
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|12|28}}
|
| Represented by TRIEST NGO
|-
| {{dts|format=dmy|2007|2|2}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|9|18}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon|Tuva}} Tuva
| {{dts|format=dmy|1996|2|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2010|2|13}}
|
|-
| {{flagicon|Udmurtia}} Udmurt
| {{dts|format=dmy|1993|1|17}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2013|7|6}}
| Represented by {{visible anchor|Udmurt Council|Udmurt Kenesh}}
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flagge Venda Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front.png}} Vhavenda
| {{dts|format=dmy|2003|11|14}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|7|1}}
| Represented by Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front
|-
| {{flagicon|Zanzibar}} Zanzibar
| {{dts|format=dmy|1991|8|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|7|1}}
| Represented by {{visible anchor|Zanzibar Democratic Alternative}}, in cooperation with the Civic United Front
|}
= Suspensions =
UNPO's representing nations may become suspended from the Organization if they fail to follow its covenant.{{Cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/section/2/1|title=UNPO Covenant|access-date=4 July 2013|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419232609/https://unpo.org/section/2/1|url-status=live}}
In 24 January 1993, Khalistan was briefly admitted in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, but was suspended a few months after its admission. The membership suspension was made permanent on 22 January 1995.{{cite book|last1=Downing|first1=John D. H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media|date=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|page=290|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9780761926887|via=Google Books|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072135/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSkKAOoaSGIC|url-status=live}}{{cite book|last1=Simmons|first1=Mary Kate|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=9789041102232|page=187|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan%20Unrepresented%20Nations%20and%20Peoples%20Organisation&pg=PA187|year=1998|via=Google Books|access-date=7 November 2020|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072134/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&q=Khalistan%20Unrepresented%20Nations%20and%20Peoples%20Organisation&pg=PA187|url-status=live}}
Scania was also suspended on 18 September 2011.{{Cite web|title=UNPO: Scania|url=https://unpo.org/members/20862|access-date=11 February 2021|website=UNPO|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510225555/https://unpo.org/members/20862|url-status=live}}
Leadership
| class="wikitable sortable" | |
| Name | Term |
|---|---|
| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Michael van Walt van Praag|nl}} (Netherlands) | 1991–1998 |
| {{flagicon|Tibet}} {{ill|Tsering Jampa|fr}} (Tibet) | 1997–1998 |
| File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg Helen S. Corbett (Australian Aboriginals) | 1998–1999 |
| {{flagicon|East Turkestan}} Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) | 1999–2003 |
| {{flagicon|Italy}} Marino Busdachin (Italy) | 2003–2018 |
| {{flagicon|America}} Ralph J. Bunche III (USA) | 2018–2023 |
| {{flagicon|Spain}} Mercè Monje Cano (Spain) | 2023–current |
Chair/Presidents of the General Assembly
- Linnart Mäll – (Estonia) 1991–1993
- Erkin Alptekin – (Uyghurs) 1993–1997
- Seif Sharif Hamad – (Zanzibar) 1997–2001
- John J. Nimrod – (Assyrians) 2001–2005
- Göran Hansson – (Scania) 2005–2006
- Ledum Mitee – (Ogoni) 2006–2010
- Ngawang Choephel Drakmargyapon – (Tibet) 2010–2015
- Nasser Boladai – (West Balochistan) 2015–2022
- Edna Adan Ismail - (Somaliland) since 2022
Special Executive Director
- Karl Habsburg-Lothringen – (Austria) 19 January 2002 – 31 December 2002
- Mercè Monje Cano – (Catalonia) 1 October 2021 – current (acting as Interim Secretary General since 2023)
See also
- Federal Union of European Nationalities
- Micronation
- League for Small and Subject Nationalities
- United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
- Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples
- List of active separatist movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
- European Free Alliance
- Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
- Stateless nation
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal|last1=Kyris|first1=George|last2=Brisland|first2=Maurice|title=International Society and Its Many Contestations: A Study of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization|journal=Global Studies Quarterly|date=2024|volume=4|issue=2|doi=10.1093/isagsq/ksae044|doi-access=free}}
External links
- {{Official website}}
{{Indigenous rights footer}}
{{UNPO|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organization}}
Category:International non-profit organizations
Category:Human rights organisations based in the Netherlands
Category:Organisations based in The Hague
Category:Organizations established in 1991