List of chicken breeds#By primary use

{{Short description|none}}

File:Poultry of the world.jpg) ]]

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.{{r|ekarius|p=23}} Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.{{r|ekarius|p=23}} They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.{{r|ekarius|p=23}}

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today.{{r|ekarius|heinrichs}} Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.{{r|heinrichs}} Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.{{r|ekarius|p=23}}

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By place of origin:

Afghanistan

Albania

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

China

Croatia

Cuba

Czech Republic

Egypt

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Italy

Japan

Korea

Kosovo

Malaysia

Myanmar

Netherlands

Norway

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Thailand

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States

Vietnam

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By primary use:

Eggs

Meat

Dual-purpose

Exhibition

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Other:

Bantams

Hybrids

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See alsoReferencesSources

By place of origin

=Afghanistan=

=Albania=

=Australia=

=Austria=

=Belgium=

File:Everbergse baardkriel.jpg (Belgium)]]

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}}

=Brazil=

=Bulgaria=

=Canada=

=Chile=

=China=

File:Ornamental hen444.jpg hen]]

Breeds listed in DAD-IS:{{r|dad-china}}

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=Croatia=

File:47. izložba malih životinja u Nedelišću 13.01.2024. - pijetao pasmine Međimurska kokoš.jpg cock]]

File:Kruppert Cubalaya cropped.JPG

  • Hrvatica (Croatian Hen, Kokoš Hrvatica){{cite report |title=Croatia Country Report |year=2009 |series=European RFP |website=rfp-europe.org |url=http://www.rfp-europe.org/fileadmin/SITE_ERFP/country_reports/Crotia/CR_Croatia_2009.pdf }}
  • Međimurska kokoš (Međimurje Chicken, Međimurje Hen){{cite web |title=Međimurska kokoš |department=Poultry |website=agroportal.hr |date=4 March 2020 |url=https://www.agroportal.hr/peradarstvo/33557 |access-date=2 June 2024}}

=Cuba=

=Cyprus=

=Czech Republic=

  • Czech gold brindle chicken{{efn|Czech language names Czech gold brindle chicken include Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, and Češka.}}{{cite conference |title=Gardianova |series=Papers |volume=01 |conference=EAAP Annual Meeting |year=2009 |place=Barcelona, ES |website=eaap.org |url=http://www.eaap.org/Previous_Annual_Meetings/2009Barcelona/Papers/01_Gardianova.pdf |access-date=2012-08-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525213818/http://www.eaap.org/Previous_Annual_Meetings/2009Barcelona/Papers/01_Gardianova.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-25 }}{{cite web |title=Biodiversity in the Czech Republic |department=Animal genetic resources |website=Enrin.grida.no |url=http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/czechrep/geneticr/animalsg.htm |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192509/http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/czechrep/geneticr/animalsg.htm |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |title=Czech chicken breeds |website=ceske-slepice.eu |url=http://www.ceske-slepice.eu |access-date=1 January 2012}}
  • Šumava chicken or Šumavanka

=Egypt=

=Finland=

File:La Flèche close-up.jpg]]

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  • Alho{{cite conference |last=Nikkonen |first=Terhi |date=2011-06-14 |df=dmy-all |title=Finnish AnGR conservation programme: What and how? |department=MTT Agrifood Research Finland |conference=Workshop 14 June 2011 |series=Seminars |via=Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, NL |website=documents.plant.wur.nl |url=http://documents.plant.wur.nl/cgn/seminars/Workshop20110614/Finnish%20AnGR%20conservation%20programme%20What%20and%20how.pdf |access-date=1 January 2012}}
  • Häme
  • Hornio
  • Iitti
  • Ilmajoki
  • Jalasjärvi
  • Jussila
  • Kiuruvesi
  • Lindellin
  • Luumäki
  • Maatiaiskana{{cite web |title=Finnish National Animal Genetic Resources Program |department=Each country's efforts / Nordic conservation |series=InnehĂĽll / Farm Animals |publisher=Nordic Genetic Resource Center |website=Nordgen.org |url=http://www.nordgen.org/index.php/en/content/view/full/1869 |access-date=1 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122002555/http://nordgen.org/index.php/en/content/view/full/1869 |archive-date=2012-01-22 }}
  • Piikkiö
  • Savitaipale
  • Tyrnävä

}}

=France=

File:Faverolles cock and hen close-up.jpg]]

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=Germany=

File:Tab47 Hühner (Geflügel-Album, Jean Bungartz, 1885).jpg, (illustration by Jean Bungartz, 1885) ]]

File:Phoenix rooster and hen.jpg, a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori. ]]

File:Bielefelder-kennhuhn.jpg Bielefelder, created in the 70s ]]

==Large breeds==

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==Bantam breeds==

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=Greece=

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  • Alonissos island chicken{{cite web |title=Alonissos island chicken |quote=local name 'double-yolk chicken' |series=Breed Atlas |volume=135 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=135 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212011043/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=135 |archive-date=2019-12-12 }}
  • Chios Fighting chicken{{cite web |title=Chios fighting chicken |quote=local name 'Nysiriotiko' |series=Breed Atlas |volume=144 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=144 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172942/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=144 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}
  • Follidotes chicken{{cite web |title=Follidotes chicken |series=Breed Atlas |volume=139 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=139 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172939/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=139 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}
  • Kalamata chicken{{cite web |title=Kalamata chicken |series=Breed Atlas |volume=136 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=136 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212011045/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=136 |archive-date=2019-12-12 }}
  • Pomak Fighting chicken{{cite web |title=Pomak fighting chicken |series=Breed Atlas |volume=143 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=143 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172940/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=143 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}
  • Lesvos Fillianes chicken{{cite web |title=Lesvos Fillianes chicken |series=Breed Atlas |volume=138 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=138 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172937/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=138 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}
  • Trikala chicken{{cite web |title=Trikala chicken |quote=local name Gyftokokoras ("gypsy chicken") |series=Breed Atlas |volume=145 |website=Arca-Net.info |url=http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=145 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172943/http://www.arca-net.info/admin/breedatlas/BA_detail.asp?id=145 |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}

}}

=Iceland=

=India=

=Indonesia=

File:Blauwe sumatra.jpg]]

File:Ayam_Cemani_Rooster.jpg}}]]

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=Iran=

File:Russian Orloff in winter.jpg breed]]

  • Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)
  • Orloff{{r|ekarius|percy|p2=17}}
  • Black Azerbaijan (or Marandi)

=Italy=

File:ARS-White Leghorn hen.jpg hen ]]

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=Japan=

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}}

=Korea=

=Kosovo=

File:In Fond Memory - Kokoq.jpg]]

=Malaysia=

=Mariana Islands=

=Myanmar=

=Netherlands=

File:BarnevelderTrio.jpgs ]]

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=Norway=

=Pakistan=

=Philippines=

{{See also|List of native Philippine chicken breeds}}

  • Banaba{{cite web |title=Chicken breeds reported by Philippines |series=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization |publisher=United Nations |website=dad.fao.org |url=http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=6e3161947ff6930b8cfda87d32a3880e,reportsreport12_50000163_50000047 |access-date=1 June 2014}}{{cite report |first1=Feleciano R. |last1=Bejar |first2=Manuel J. |last2=Baylon |first3=Jaime B. |last3=Fabillar |first4=Lagrito Ebert B. |last4=Mante |first5=Arturo A. |last5=Ultra |first6=Reynaldo R. |last6=Aquino |first7=Elvie T. |last7=Bejar |year=2012 |title=Management Practices and Morphological Characterization of Indigenous (Native) Chickens in Samar Province |series=Agriculture & Development Discussion Paper |volume=2012-3 |website=searca.org |publisher=Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture |place=Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines |url=http://www.searca.org/index.php/discussion-paper/630-management-practices-and-morphological-characterization-of-indigenous-native-chickens-in-samar-province |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140615100041/http://www.searca.org/index.php/discussion-paper/630-management-practices-and-morphological-characterization-of-indigenous-native-chickens-in-samar-province |archive-date=2014-06-15 }}
  • Bolinao
  • Camarines
  • Darag
  • Paraoakan or Parawakan

=Poland=

=Portugal=

  • Amarela{{cite web |title=Aves |lang=pt |trans-title=Birds |series=Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã |website=amiba.com.pt |url=http://www.amiba.com.pt/index.php?idm=12 |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121203634/http://www.amiba.com.pt/index.php?idm=12 |archive-date=2012-01-21 }}
  • Preta Lusitânica
  • Pedrês Portuguesa
  • Raça Branca

=Romania=

=Russia=

=Serbia=

  • Banat Naked-neck (Banatski gološijan){{cite web |title=Banatski gološijan standard |lang=Serbian |publisher=Udruzenje za zastitu i odgoj sitnih zivotinja [Association for the protection and upbringing of small animals] |place=Sremska Mitrovica |url=http://www.mitrovica-udruzenje.com/banatski-golosijan-standard/ |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201140255/http://www.mitrovica-udruzenje.com/banatski-golosijan-standard/ |archive-date=2013-02-01 }}
  • Sombor Kaporka (Somborska kaporka)
  • Svrljig Black (Svrljiška kokoš){{cite web |title=Svrljig Kokos |series=Balkan Network for Agrobiodiversity |website=agrobiodiversity.net |lang=Bosnian |url=http://www.agrobiodiversity.net/balkan/members/inc_BA_detail.asp?id=303&land=0 |access-date=1 January 2012}}

=Slovakia=

=Slovenia=

  • Styrian Hen (or Altsteirer){{cite report |title=Slovenske avtohtone in tradicionalne pasme domačih živali |lang=sl |trans-title=Slovenian native and traditional breeds of farm animals |year=2014 |series=Oddelek za zootehniko, UL BF |website=genska-banka.si |url=http://www.genska-banka.si/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Brosura_avt_trad.pdf |access-date=22 Oct 2021}}{{cite web |last=Holcman |first=Antonija |date=19 July 2021 |title=Styrian chickens |department=Poultry breeds / Breeds of Livestock |series=Department of Animal Science |publisher=Oklahoma State University |place=Stillwater, OK |website=afs.okstate.edu |url=http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/poultry/chickens/styrian/index.html/ |access-date=2021-10-22 }}
  • Slovenian Barred Hen{{cite journal |last1=Strelec |first1=Alenka |last2=Terčič |first2=Dušan |last3=Malovrh |first3=Špela |last4=Holcman |first4=Antonija |year=2009 |title=Prireja in fizikalne lastnosti jajc slovenskih tradicionalnih pasem kokoši lahkega tipa |lang=sl |trans-title=Preparation and physical properties of eggs of Slovenian traditional breeds of light-type hens |journal=Acta Agriculturae Slovenica |volume=1 |pages=5–12 |url=https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=307}}
  • Slovene Late-feathered Hen{{cite web |last=Kobold |first=Primož |year=2017 |title=Primerjava proizvodnosti piščancev ross 308 in slovensko pozno operjene kokoši v pogojih ekološke reje |lang=sl |trans-title=Comparison of productivity of Ross 308 chickens vs. Slovenian late-plucked hens under organic farming conditions |website=dk.um.si |publisher=University of Maribor |place=Maribor, SL |url=https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=68136 |access-date=2021-12-05}}
  • Slovenian Brown Hen
  • Slovenian Silver Hen

=South Africa=

  • Ovambo{{cite web |title=The indigenous poultry breeds of South Africa |series=Agricultural Research Council |publisher=Department of Agriculture |place=Pretoria, ZA |url=http://www.arc.agric.za/home.asp?pid=2706 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928104918/http://www.arc.agric.za/home.asp?pid=2706 |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}
  • Potchefstroom Koekoek
  • Venda
  • Boschveld{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

=Spain=

File:Rooster at Scottish poultry show.jpg rooster]]

File:Gallu_pedres.jpg rooster with no tail feathers ]]

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=Sweden=

=Switzerland=

File:Appenzeller Spitzhauben trio.jpg, a rare Swiss crested breed ]]

=Taiwan=

=Thailand=

  • Gai Chon
  • Gai Puen Muang
  • Pradu Hang Dum or Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai{{cite web |script-title=th:ไก่ประดู่หางดำเชียงใหม่ |title=Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai |trans-title=Chiang Mai black-tailed Pradu chicken |lang=th |department=Chicken breed |series=Poultry Research and Development Section |publisher=Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development |place=Thailand |url=http://www.dld.go.th/breeding/poultry/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133:pradu-hang-dam-chiangmai&catid=68:chicken-breed&Itemid=73 |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108110727/http://www.dld.go.th/breeding/poultry/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133:pradu-hang-dam-chiangmai&catid=68:chicken-breed&Itemid=73 |archive-date=2014-01-08 }}
  • Thai Game{{r|roberts|p=296}}

=Turkey=

File:A White Sultan (chicken).jpg breed]]

  • Abaza
  • Denizli{{cite web |title=Denizli rooster |lang=en |url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,36561/denizli-rooster.html |website=Kultur.Gov.Tr |series=Department of Culture and Tourism |publisher=Republic of Turkey |access-date=16 June 2014}}
  • Gerze
  • Hacikadin
  • Sultan

=Ukraine=

=United Kingdom=

File:Coq orpington fauve.JPG cock]]

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}}

=United States of America=

=Vietnam=

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • Ga Ac
  • Ga Choi
  • Ga Dong Tao
  • Gà Hồ
  • Ga Mia
  • Ga Mong
  • Ga Noi
  • Ga Ri
  • Ga Tau Vang
  • Ca To
  • Ga Tre Tan Chau
  • H'mong
  • Oke
  • Phu lu Te
  • Te
  • Tien Yen
  • Vanphu
  • Mong
  • Lac Thuy

}}

By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

=Eggs=

File:Araucana hen showing ear tufts.jpg ]]

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

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=Meat=

Most farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat:

=Dual-purpose=

File:Sophia and ZsuZsu walking the property.jpg]]

The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

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=Exhibition=

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.

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Key
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U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.

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G denotes a game breed.

File:Modern Game pair.jpg ]]

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Bantams

File:Golden sebright cockerel.jpg cockerel]]

Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

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Crossbreeds

{{see also|Category:Chicken crossbreeds}}

Many common strains of crossbred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards; thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, crossbreeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most crossbreed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

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See also

Footnotes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist|45em|refs=

J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). [https://books.google.it/books?id=A6BtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA489&hl=en British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain], seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. {{isbn|9781119509141}}.

Masaoki Tsudzuki (2003). [http://www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw/%5C/apec2003/Chapter3JpChicken.pdf Japanese native chickens]. In: Hsiu-Luan Chang, Yu-chia Huang (editors) (2003). The Relationship between Indigenous Animals and Humans in APEC Region. Taipei: Chinese Society of Animal Science. Pages 91-116.

[https://www.fao.org/dad-is/browse-by-country-and-species/en/ Breed data sheet: China: Chicken]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2025.

{{cite web

|title=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System

|series=Food and Agriculture Organization

|publisher=United Nations

|url=http://dad.fao.org/

|access-date=1 January 2012

}}

{{cite book

|first=Carol |last=Ekarius

|year=2007

|title=Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds |edition=complete

|place=North Adams, MA

|publisher=Storey Publishing

|isbn=9781580176675

|url=https://archive.org/details/Storeys_Illustrated_Guide_to_Poultry_Breeds_Complete/mode/1up

|via=

}}

Editorial Committee Office of the Japanese Country Report, Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan] ([n.d.]). [http://www.fao.org/AG/AGAInfo/programmes/en/genetics/documents/Interlaken/countryreports/Japan.pdf Country Report (For FAO State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Process)]; annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (editors) (2007). [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture]. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Accessed August 2017.

{{cite web

|title=Taiwanese Shamo

|department=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (chicken)

|type=breed data sheet

|series=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization

|publisher=United Nations

|url=https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=GBR&specie=Chicken&breed=Taiwanese%20Shamo&lang=en

|access-date=1 April 2022

}}

{{cite web

|title=Chicken

|department=Breeds reported by Thailand

|series=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization

|publisher=United Nations

|url=http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=34fbdc866fa2dd20ac99621e13f2b3d6,reportsreport12_50000169_50000047

|access-date=1 June 2016

}}

{{cite book

|last=Heinrichs |first=Christine

|year=2007

|title=How to Raise Chickens

|location=St. Paul, MN

|publisher=Voyageur Press

|isbn=978-0-7938-0601-0

|url=https://archive.org/details/howtoraisechicke00hein

|url-access=registration

|via=

}}

{{cite book

|last=Percy |first=Pam

|year=2006

|title=The Field Guide to Chickens

|location=St. Paul, MN

|publisher=Voyageur Press

|isbn=0-7603-2473-5

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2YXUOJEMeIC&q=field+guide+to+chickens

|via=

}}

{{cite book

|first=Victoria |last=Roberts

|year=2008

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAfyUHY42u0C&pg=PA296

|title=British Poultry Standards

|quote=Complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

|place=Oxford, UK

|publisher=Blackwell

|isbn=9781405156424

}}

}}

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Chickens

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