| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:right" |
| Rank
! Country/Territory || Population {{circa|1800}}|| Percentage of
World Population |
|---|
| style="font-weight: bold;"
| –
| align="left" | {{noflag}} World | 1,035,908,890 | – |
| 1
| align="left" | 30x30px Qing China
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px China Proper – 297,623,950
|25px Taiwan – 2,000,000
|25px Mongolia – 619,000{{sfn|Avakov|2015}}
|25px Xinjiang – 475,000[{{cite book |last=Millward |first=James |date=2007 |title=Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-13924-3}}]
|25px Hong Kong – 20,000
}}
}} | 300,150,000 | {{Percentage|297,623,950|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 2
| align="left" | 35px Maratha Confederacy[{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJuodMVQh38C&q=india+population+1800&pg=PA135|title=Aids And Population Education|last=Sahu|first=Binod K.|date=2004|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788120726581|language=en}}]{{Efn|In 1800 the Maratha Confederacy controlled roughly 2,500,000 km2 of land, or 56% of the Indian subcontinent, which had a population of 207 million at the time according to Mahalanobis and Bhattacharya.|group=note}}
|~116,000,000
|14.5% |
| 3
| align="left" | 35px Britain and possessions[{{cite book|title=History of the Colonies of the British Empire|publisher=W. H. Allen|url=https://archive.org/details/historycolonies00martgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/historycolonies00martgoog/page/n434 404]|quote=population.|author=Robert Montgomery Martin|date=1843}}][Several territories were under the rule of the British East India Company rather than being directly controlled by the British government. London would not directly manage the Indian princely states until 1858]
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions | {{bulleted list
|25px Kingdom of Great Britain[A. K. Cairncross, The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10.][{{cite web|title=Statistics of the British Empire|author= MArshall, John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1QRAQAAMAAJ&q=british+empire+population+1800&pg=PA24|date=1838}}] – 10,481,401
|25px British East India Company[{{cite book |title= Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries) |date=27 March 2014 |page=101 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004271364 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CCqiAwAAQBAJ&q=vijayanagar+empire+population&pg=PA101 |access-date=28 July 2016}}] – 30,765,640 {{collapsible list|title=constituents|
}}
|25px Kingdom of Ireland – 5,200,000
|25px Cape Colony (occupied by British forces) – 1,550,000
|25px British Caribbean – 436,643{{collapsible list|title=constituents|
|25px Canada (Upper & Lower) – 300,000
|25px Surinam (occupied by British forces) – 54,000
|25px Belize – 15,000
|25px Gibraltar – 5,339
|25px Australia – 5,200[{{cite web|url=http://www.populstat.info/Oceania/australc.htm |title=AUSTRALIA historical demographical data of the whole country |publisher=Populstat |access-date=2018-12-22}}][{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/historical-population-methodology/2016 |title=Historical population methodology |date=18 April 2019 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2021-09-21}}][This estimation of population excludes Aboriginal Australians who were not included in estimations of populations until 1967.]
|25px Bermuda – 4,000
|25px Hannover – ~16,470
}}
}} | ~49,907,000 | ~{{Percentage|49,170,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 4
| align="left" | 35px Holy Roman Empire[The combined population of Germany (25m), Austria (3.37m), Czechia (5.516m), Belgium (3.434m), Slovenia (0.469m), and a third of Italy (6.7m). Avakov, p. 21-23. Many of these places were under the occupation of France, but the Empire was not formally dissolved until 1806.]
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list | 25px Bohemian Crown – 5,516,000
|{{flag|Archduchy of Austria}} and related territories – 3,370,000
|25px Electorate of Bavaria – 3,200,000
|25px Margraviate of Brandenburg – 1,500,000
|25px Duchy of Württemberg – 1,350,000
|25px Duchy of Milan – 1,100,000[Territory also includes the rest of "Austrian Lombardy."]
|25px Electorate of Saxony – 1,050,000
|25pxGrand Duchy of Tuscany – 1,000,000
|25px Margraviate of Baden – 912,000
|25px Duchy of Styria – 912
,000
|25px Hanover – 777,000
|25px Thuringian states – 612,000
|25px County of Tyrol – 610,000
|25px Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt – 520,000
|{{flag|Duchy of Parma}} – 500,000
|25px Duchy of Carniola – 400,000
|25px Duchy of Modena and Reggio – 350,000
|25px Duchy of Holstein – 350,000
|25px Prince-Bishopric of Münster – 350,000
|25px Electorate of Mainz – 336,000
|{{flag|Mecklenburg-Schwerin|name=Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin}} – 318,000
|25px Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 300,000
|{{flag|Nassau}} – 270,000
|25px Duchy of Magdeburg – 269,000
|25px Austrian Silesia – 250,000
|25px Bishopric of Würzburg – 250,000
|25px Electorate of Trier – 240,000
|25px Electorate of Cologne – 238,000
|25px Electoral Palatinate – 228,000
|25px Archbishopric of Salzburg- 220,000
|25px Duchy of Oldenburg – 159,000
|25px Hamburg – 150,000
|25px Principality of Reuss Elder Line – 76,308
|25px Principality of Lippe – 70,540
|{{flag|Mecklenburg-Strelitz|name=Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz}} – 70,000
|25px Anhalt-Dessau – 52,000
|25px Arenberg – 48,000
|25px Free City of Lübeck – 45,000
|25px Imperial Free City of Trieste – 40,000
|25px Anhalt-Bernburg – 35,000
|25px Anhalt-Köthen – 33,000
|25px Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe – 20,132
|25px Liechtenstein – 5,400
|25px Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg – ?
|25px Saxe-Lauenburg – ?
|25px Hesse-Homburg – ?
|25px Schleswig – ?
|25px Bishopric of Lübeck – ?
|25px Principality of Ansbach – 215,000
}}
}} | ~41,050,000 | ~{{Percentage|41050000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 5
| align="left" | {{flagicon|French First Republic|size=35px}} France and possessions[{{cite web|title=Tacitus, Historical Populations of European States|url=http://www.tacitus.nu/english.html|access-date=6 May 2016}}]
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|{{flagicon|France}} French Republic – 26,758,000
|{{flagicon|France}} Belgium – 4,000,000
|25px Subalpine Republic – 2,661,000
|25px Ligurian Republic – 2,011,000
|25px Helvetic Republic – 1,600,000
|25px Cisalpine Republic – 1,300,000
|{{flagicon|France}} Saint-Domingue – 657,000
|{{flagicon|France}} French India – 175,000
|25px Luxembourg – 140,000
|{{flagicon|France}} Mauritius
|{{flagicon|France}} Malta – 60,000
|25px Louisiana – 44,116
|25px French Guiana – 14,500
|{{flag|Andorra|name=Principality of Andorra|size=25px}} – 5,000
|25px Saint Pierre and Miquelon – ?
}}
}} | ~39,600,000 | ~{{Percentage|39,495,616|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 6
| align="left" | {{flagcountry|size=35px|Russian Empire|1858|name=Russian Empire}}
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Russia – 21,248,000
|25px Ukraine[Left-bank Ukraine and Right-bank Ukraine included.] – 7,800,000
|25px Russian Poland – 1,200,000
|25px 25px Governorate of Livonia and Courland Governorate – 725,000
|25px Governorate of Estonia – 650,000
|25px Grand Duchy of Lithuania – 600,000
|25px Septinsular Republic – 120,000
|25px Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti – 320,000
}}
}} | 35,005,000 | {{Percentage|35,005,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 7
| align="left" | File:Flag of the Tokugawa Shogunate.svg Tokugawa Japan | 29,000,000 | {{Percentage|29,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 8
| align="left" | 35px Spain and possessions[{{Cite web |title=Historical world population data |url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/other/worldpop.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.johnstonsarchive.net}}]
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Kingdom of Spain – 10,541,000
|25px New Spain – 5,945,000
|25px New Granada – 2,300,000
|25px Río de la Plata – 2,082,000
|25px Philippines – 1,800,000
|25px Peru – 1,400,000
|25px Chile – 800,000
|25px Guatemala – 425,000
|25px Cuba – 300,000
|25px Puerto Rico – 136,000
|25px Louisiana – 44,116
|25px Yucatán – ?
|25px Provincias Internas – ?
}}
}} | 26,500,000 | {{Percentage|26500000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 9
| align="left" | {{flag|Ottoman Empire|size=35px}}[{{cite book|title=An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2|editor1= Inalcik, Halil|editor2=Qautaert, Donald|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&q=population+of+ottoman+empire+1800&pg=PA777|date=1994|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 9780521574556}}]
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1792}} Anatolia – 8,400,000
|25px Egypt Eyalet – ~4,000,000[{{cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=Justin |author-link= |date=October 1976 |title=Nineteenth-Century Egyptian Population |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=1–39 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4282605 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |doi=10.1080/00263207608700321 |jstor=4282605 |quote=By the time of the French expedition [1798], Egypt had fewer than four million inhabitants.}}] -[{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066887/total-population-egypt-historical/ |title=Population of Egypt from 1800 until 2020 |last= |first= |date= |website=Statista |publisher= |access-date=17 October 2022 |quote=}}] 4,394,000{{sfn|Avakov|2015}}
|25px Beylik of Tunis – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ottoman Algeria – 3,000,000[Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic/page/273 A history of African societies to 1870]. Cambridge University Press. p. 263. {{ISBN|0-521-45444-1}}. Retrieved 24 October 2010.]
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Bulgaria – 2,700,000
|25px Ottoman Tripolitania – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Iraq- ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Greece – 500,000
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Habesh Eyalet – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Serbia – ?
|25px Syria – ?
|25px Sidon Eyalet – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Albania – ?
|25px Palestine – 250,000
|25px Cyprus – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Bosnia – ?
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Crete – ?
|25px Childir Eyalet – ?
}}
}}
{{collapsible list|title=vassal states|{{bulleted list
|{{flag|Wallachia|name=Principality of Wallachia}} – 1,000,000[{{cite book|last= Murgescu|first=Bogdan|title=Romania si Europa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEeTDwAAQBAJ|date=14 June 2016|publisher=Polirom|isbn=9789734620418|pages=75–76}}]
|{{flag|Moldavia|name=Principality of Moldavia}} - 900,000
|25px Kingdom of Imereti – 200,000
|25px Principality of Mingrelia – 110,000
|25px Principality of Abkhazia – 65,000
|25px Principality of Guria – 30,000
|25px Septinsular Republic – ?
}}}} | 27,000,000 | {{Percentage|26,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 10
| align="left" | 35px Habsburg monarchy
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|{{flag|Archduchy of Austria}} – 1,820,000
|25px Kingdom of Hungary – 6,300,000
|25px Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – 3,900,000
|25px Kingdom of Bohemia – 2,810,000
|25px Venetian Province – 1,845,000
|25px Principality of Transylvania – 1,500,000
|25px Margraviate of Moravia – 1,260,000
|25px Duchy of Styria – 800,000
|25px County of Tyrol – 610,000
|Military Frontier – 565,000
|25px Kingdom of Croatia – 400,000
|25px Duchy of Carniola – 400,000
|25px Duchy of Carinthia – 300,000
|25px Dalmatia – 300,000
|25px Austrian Silesia – 250,000
|25px Duchy of Bukovina – 130,000
|25px Imperial Free City of Trieste – 40,000
|25px Kingdom of Slavonia – 285,000
|25px County of Gorizia and Gradisca – 120,000
}}
}} | 23,145,000 | {{Percentage|23,145,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 11
| align="left" | 35px Joseon[ https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067164/population-south-korea-historical/ ] | 13,800,000 | {{Percentage|13,800,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 12
| align="left" | 35pxSikh Empire[Singh, Amarinder, "The Last Sunset: The Rise & Fall of the Lahore Durbar", Roli Books (2012).] | 12,000,000 | {{Percentage|12,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 13
| align="left" | 35px Kingdom of Prussia
{{collapsible list|title=subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Margraviate of Brandenburg – 1,500,000
}}}} | 10,700,000 {{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} | {{Percentage|10,700,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 14
| align="left" | 35px Carnatic Sultanate[{{cite web|date=1902|title=The Expansion of the British Empire|url=https://memory.loc.gov/service/gdc/scd0001/2010/20101209001sh/20101209001sh.pdf|publisher=Cambridge at the University Press}}]
|10,000,000
|1% |
| 15
| align="left" |35x35px Durrani Afghan Empire
|9,780,000
|0.9% |
| 16
| align="left" | {{flag|Portuguese Empire}}
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Kingdom of Portugal – 2,970,000
|25px Viceroyalty of Brazil – 3,600,000
|25px Mozambique – 1,250,000
|25px Angola – 1,010,000
|25px Timor – 300,000
|25px Portuguese India – 210,000{{collapsible list|title=constituents|
|25px Cape Verde – ?
|25px Guinea – ?
|25px Portuguese Macau – ?
}}
}} | ~9,400,000 | ~{{Percentage|9,270,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 17
| align="left" |File:Triều đường chi ấn.svg Tây Sơn dynasty (Đại Việt)[[http://gpih.ucdavis.edu/files/Vietnam_GDP_1800-1970_24apr14.xlsx Vietnam GDP 1800–1970] gpih.ucdavis.edu] | 7,291,000 | {{Percentage|7,291,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 18
| align="left" |File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Kingdom of Naples
{{collapsible list|title=subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Kingdom of Naples – 5,000,000
|{{flag|Kingdom of Sicily}} – 1,700,000
}}}}
|7,000,000 | {{Percentage|6,700,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 19
| align="left" |{{Flag|Batavian Republic|size=x35px}}{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|{{flag|Batavian Republic}} – 1,850,000
|{{flag|Batavian Republic|name=Dutch East Indies}} – 4,200,000
|25px Dutch Gold Coast – ?
|25px Curaçao and Dependencies – ?
|25px Aruba – ?
|25px Dutch Bengal – ?
|25px Dutch Suratte – ?
|25px Dutch Coromandel – ?
}}
}} | ~6,050,000 | ~{{Percentage|6,050,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 20
| align="left" | {{flagicon image|Fath Ali Shah Flag 1.svg|size=35px}} Qajar Iran[Malcolm, John. "The History of Persia: From the Most Early Period to the Present Time" (1815), via Encyclopædia Iranica at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-viii-in-the-qajar-period] | 6,010,000 | {{Percentage|6,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 21
| align="left" | File:US flag 15 stars.svgUnited States of America[{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/history/www/programs/demographic/decennial_census.html |title=Decennial Census – History – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=2017-04-25}}] | 5,509,879 | {{Percentage|5,308,500|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 22
| align="left" |35px Morocco[{{cite book|title=Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1|isbn = 9781628941012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UPyBwAAQBAJ&q=population+of+ethiopia+1600&pg=PA15|access-date=6 May 2016|last1 = Avakov|first1 = Alexander V.|date = April 2015| publisher=Algora }}] | 5,000,000 | {{Percentage|2,500,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 23
| style="text-align:left;" | File:Flag of Konbaung Dynasty (Nonrectangular).svgKonbaung dynasty (Burma)[Ritchell, Judith L., "Disease and Demography in Colonial Burma" (2006), pp.11–16, via: https://books.google.com/books?id=bPfIycHCKwMC&dq=population+siam+1800&pg=PA17] | 4,200,000 | {{Percentage|4,200,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 24
| align="left" | File:Flag_of_Thailand_(1782).svgRattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)[{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Victor |title=Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830 (Studies in Comparative World History) |date=2003 |page=295 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521800860|edition=Kindle}}][{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Chris |last2=Phongpaichit |first2=Pasuk |title=A History of Thailand |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-01483-0 |pages=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxNkEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}]
|4,050,000{{Efn|1800 (Lieberman)/Early 19th century (Baker-Phongpaichit).|group=note}}
|{{Percentage|1,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}}-{{Percentage|4,000,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 25
| style="text-align:left;" | 35x35px Talpur Sindh[{{Cite book |last=Pathan |first=Mumtaz Husain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jMtqtAEACAAJ&q=In+Talpurs+in+Sindh+(1783-1843),+Dr+Mumtaz+Hussain+Pathan |title=Talpurs in Sindh, 1783-1843 |date=2017 |publisher=Endowment Fund Trust |isbn=978-969-9860-11-9 |language=en}}]
|4,000,000
|{{Percentage|4,200,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 26
| align="left" | File:Naval Ensign of Sweden.svgSweden[{{cite web|title=Population of Scandinavia|url=http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/population/scandinavia.htm|access-date=22 April 2016}}] | 3,347,000 | {{Percentage|3,347,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 27
| align="left" |
35x35px Kazakh Khanate[{{Cite web |last=Сарсембаев |first=М. А. |title=Институт законодательства Республики Казахстан |url=https://zqai.kz/sites/default/files/kazahskoe_hanstvo.pdf}}]
|2,985,000
|0.3% |
| 28
| align="left" | File:Ethiopian_Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire[{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066913/population-ethiopia-historical/#:~:text=In%201800%2C%20the%20population%20of%20Ethiopia%20was%202.95%20million.|title = Population of Ethiopia 1800-2020}}] | 2,950,000 | {{Percentage|2,950,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 29
| align="left" | 35px Kingdom of Sardinia | 2,900,000 | {{Percentage|2,900,000|978,000,000|2|pad=yes}} |
| 30
| align="left" | File:Flag_of_the_Papal_States_(pre_1808).svgPapal States[{{cite web|title=Papal States|url=https://www.ohio.edu/chastain/ip/papalsta.htm|access-date=22 April 2016}}] | 2,300,000 | {{Percentage|2,300,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 31
| align="left" | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark–Norway
{{collapsible list|title=subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Denmark – 929,000
|25px Norway- 883,000
|25px Holstein – 350,000
|25px Iceland- 46,000
|25px Danish West Indies – 40,000
|25px Greenland – 5,000
|25px Schleswig – ?
|25px Danish India – ?
}}}} | ~2,200,000 | ~{{Percentage|2,200,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 32
| align="left" | Oyo Empire[{{Cite web |title=Population |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-since-1800 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Our World in Data}}][{{Cite web |title=Yoruba |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/yor |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}]Oyo Empire
|~2,175,016
|{{Percentage|2,175,016|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 33
| align="left" |35px Emirate of Diriyah
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Trucial Sheiks – 41,000
}}
}} | 2,132,000 | {{Percentage|2,132,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 34
| align="left" | 35px Cambodia | 2,090,000 | {{Percentage|2,090,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 35
| align="left" | Southern Vietnam under Nguyễn Ánh[Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục, Library of National Bureau, 1874] | 1,770,000 | {{Percentage|1,770,000|978,000,000|1|pad=yes}} |
| 36
| align="left" | File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svgGrand Duchy of Tuscany | 1,224,000 | {{Percentage|1,224,000|978,000,000|2|pad=yes}} |
| 37
| align="left" | 35px Emirate of Bukhara[{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/trade.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990128223324/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/trade.html |archive-date=1999-01-28 |title=Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos }}]
|1,200,000
|{{Percentage|1,200,000|978,000,000|2|pad=yes}} |
| 38
| align="left" | {{flag|Parma|size=35px}} | 415,000 | {{Percentage|415,000|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 39
| align="left" | 35px Sultanate of Oman
{{collapsible list
| title = subdivisions|{{bulleted list
|25px Oman – 300,000
|25px Bahrain – 63,000
}}
}} | 363,000 | {{Percentage|363,000|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 40
| align="left" | {{Flagicon image|Nzuko-Arochukwu.png|size=35px}}Aro Confederacy[{{Cite web|date=15 May 2007 |title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census |publisher=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette |url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf|volume=94 |number=24 |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-04 }}]{{Efn|In 2006, the Aro population was estimated to make up 2.9% of the Nigerian population. In 1800, the population of Nigeria was 12.1 million, and 2.9% of that rounds to 349,081.|group=note}}
|~349,081
|{{Percentage|349,081|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 41
| align="left" | 35px Ankole[{{Cite web |title=Statista - The Statistics Portal |url=https://www.statista.com/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Statista |language=en}}]{{Efn|Today, the Ankole population is estimated to make up 9.8% of the Ugandan population. In 1800, the population of Uganda was 2.1 million, and 9.8% of that is 205,800.|group=note}}
|205,800
|{{Percentage|205,800|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 42
| align="left" | 35px Ryukyu Kingdom[(a) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 11), pp. 87–134 (1998). (b) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian and early modern Ryūkyū", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 13), pp. 1–42 (2000) (all in Japanese).] (Japanese vassal)
|155,650
|{{Percentage|155,650|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 43
| align="left" | 35px Hawaiian Kingdom{{Efn|Hawaii adopted the British Red Ensign as an independent nation from 1793 to 1800.|group=note}}
|145,000 (est.)[{{cite book |last1=Schmitt |first1=Robert C. |title=Demographic Statistics of Hawaii, 1778-1965 |date=1968 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-87022-740-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xr4uAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}]{{Efn|1819 estimate|group=note}}
|{{Percentage|145,000|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 44
| align="left" | 35px Republic of Lucca | 120,000 | {{Percentage|120,000|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 45
| align="left" | 35px Republic of Ragusa | 30,000 | {{Percentage|120,000|978,000,000|3|pad=yes}} |
| 46
| align="left" | Dendi Kingdom
|~17,243
|{{Percentage|17243|978,000,000|4|pad=yes}} |
| 47
| align="left" |File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti.svg Kingdom of Tahiti{{Efn|Tahiti did not have a national flag until 1822.[{{cite web |title=Tahiti (Windward Islands, French Polynesia) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pf-wi-th.html |website=www.crwflags.com}}]|group=note}}
|16,000[{{cite journal |author=Robert C. Schmitt |year=1962 |title=Urbanization in French Polynesia |journal=Land Economics |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=71–75 |doi=10.2307/3144728 |jstor=3144728}}]{{Efn|1797 estimate|group=note}}
|{{Percentage|16,000|978,000,000|4|pad=yes}} |
| 48
| align="left" | File:Red flag.svg Qatar | 14,000 | {{Percentage|14,000|978,000,000|4|pad=yes}} |
| 49
| align="left" | {{Flag|Liechtenstein|1719}}
|5,800[{{Cite web |title=Data on Timor Leste {{!}} Reconstructing Global Inequality |url=https://clio-infra.eu/Countries/TimorLeste.html#countries |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=clio-infra.eu}}]
|{{Percentage|5,800|978,000,000|5|pad=yes}} |
| 50
| align="left" | San Marino
|5,490
|{{Percentage|5,490|978,000,000|5|pad=yes}} |
| 51
| align="left" | {{Flag|Andorra|1806}}
|2,650
|{{Percentage|2,650|978,000,000|5|pad=yes}} |
