List of former United States district courts#Illinois

The following are former United States district courts, which ceased to exist because they were subdivided into smaller units. With the exception of California, each of these courts initially covered an entire U.S. state, and was subdivided as the jurisdictions which they covered increased in population. Two of the district courts—those of South Carolina and New Jersey—were subdivided but later recreated. Every change to the divisions and boundaries of these courts is effected by an act of the United States Congress, and for each such action, the statutory reference is identified.

Alabama

The United States District Court for the District of Alabama was created on April 21, 1820, by {{USStat|3|564}}.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 390.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_al.html U.S. District Courts of Alabama, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on March 10, 1824, by {{USStat|4|9}}. The Middle District was subsequently formed from parts of these two districts on February 6, 1839, by {{USStat|5|315}},Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1864), p. 178. with legislation specifying that the Middle District Court was to be held at Tuscaloosa, the Northern District Court at Huntsville, and the Southern District Court at Mobile. The Districts were reorganized on August 7, 1848.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 391. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Alabama.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Charles|Tait|dab=politician}}

| state = AL

| borndied = 1768–1835

| term = 1820–1824

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Ala. and S.D. Ala.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on April 21, 1820 by 3 Stat. 564

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Tait

| term = 1820–1824

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern and Southern Districts on March 10, 1824 by 4 Stat. 9

}}

Arkansas

Arkansas, originally part of the Louisiana Purchase, became part of the Missouri Territory in 1812, when Louisiana became a state. When Missouri became a state in 1819, a territorial government, including a territorial court, was organized for Arkansas, taking effect on July 4, 1819.Lynn Foster, Their Pride and Ornament: Judge Benjamin Johnson and the Federal Courts in Early Arkansas, 22 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 21 (1999). The United States District Court for the District of Arkansas was established with a single judge when Arkansas became a state, on June 15, 1836, by {{USStat|5|50}}, 51.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ar.html U.S. District Courts of Arkansas, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The court was subdivided into Eastern and the Western Districts on March 3, 1851, by {{USStat|9|594}}.Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1864), p. 179.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Benjamin|Johnson|dab=judge}}

| state = AR

| borndied = 1784–1849

| term = 1836–1849

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Daniel|Ringo}}

| state = AR

| borndied = 1803–1873

| term = 1849–1851Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 21, 1849, confirmed by the United States Senate on June 10, 1850, and received commission on June 10, 1850.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Taylor|List of federal judges appointed by Zachary Taylor}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Ark. and W.D. Ark.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on June 15, 1836 by 5 Stat. 50

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Johnson

| term = 1836–1849

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Ringo

| term = 1849–1851

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1851 by 9 Stat. 594

}}

California

The United States District Court for the District of California existed from 1866 to 1886. California was admitted as a state on September 9, 1850, and was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern, by Act of Congress approved September 28 {{USStat|9|521}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ca.html U.S. District Courts of California, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The boundary line was at the 37th parallel north.Willoughby Rodman, History of the Bench and Bar of Southern California (1909), p. 46. The creating act provided that:

:In addition to the ordinary jurisdiction and powers of a District Court of the United States, with which the Southern District Court of New York has been invested, the said Courts be and hereby are invested respectively within the limits of its district with the exercise of concurrent jurisdiction and power in all civil cases now exercised by the Circuit Courts of the United States; and that in all cases where said Courts shall exercise such jurisdiction, appeals may be taken from the judgments, orders or decrees of said Courts to the Supreme Court of the United States.

On February 27, 1851, President Millard Fillmore appointed Ogden Hoffman Jr., as the judge presiding over the Northern District. The Act of August 31, 1852, made the Judge of the Northern District be Judge of the Southern District as well until otherwise provided, by {{USStat|10|76}}, 84, effectively creating a single District in all but name until an Act of January 18, 1854 provided for the appointment of a Judge for the Southern District. The Southern District of California was abolished and the State made to constitute one district by Act of Congress approved July 27, 1866, {{USStat|14|300}}.

Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern District of California (and, by extension, the Northern District) by {{USStat|24|308}}. Hoffman, who had continued serving as the sole district judge, again became judge of the Northern district only, there continuing in service for five more years. Erskine Mayo Ross was appointed Judge of the new Southern District and served until his promotion to the Circuit Judgeship, when he was succeeded by Olin Wellborn.

On March 18, 1966, the Eastern and Central Districts were created from portions of the Northern and Southern Districts by {{USStat|80|75}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Ogden|Hoffman Jr.}}

| state = CA

| borndied = 1822–1891

| term = 1866–1886Reassigned from the Northern District of California.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Fillmore|List of federal judges appointed by Millard Fillmore}} / Operation of law

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Cal.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on July 27, 1866 by 14 Stat. 300

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hoffman, Jr.

| term = 1866–1886

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on August 5, 1886 by 24 Stat. 308

}}

Florida

On the same day that Florida was admitted as a state, March 3, 1845, Congress enacted legislation creating the United States District Court for the District of Florida, {{USStat|5|788}}.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 393.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_fl.html U.S. District Courts of Florida, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. On February 23, 1847, {{USStat|9|131}} divided the jurisdiction of this court between the Northern District and a Southern District Courts with the boundary between as:

:[T]hat part of the State of Florida lying south of a line drawn due east and west from the northern point of Charlotte Harbor, including the islands, keys, reefs, shoals, harbors, bays and inlets, south of said line, shall be erected into a new judicial district, to be called the Southern District of Florida; a District Court shall be held in said Southern District, to consist of one judge, who shall reside at Key West, in said district...

The same statute directed the Northern District to hold court at Apalachicola, Florida, and Pensacola, Florida.

On July 30, 1962, the Middle District was created from portions of the other districts by {{USStat|76|247}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Isaac H.|Bronson}}

| state = FL

| borndied = 1802–1855

| term = 1846–1847

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Polk|List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Fla.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 3, 1845 by 5 Stat. 788

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Bronson

| term = 1846–1847

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on February 23, 1847 by 9 Stat. 131

}}

Georgia

The United States District Court for the District of Georgia was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ga.html U.S. District Courts of Georgia, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on August 11, 1848, by {{USStat|9|280}}. The Middle District was formed from portions of those two Districts on May 28, 1926, by {{USStat|44|670}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Nathaniel|Pendleton}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1756–1821

| term = 1789–1796

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Joseph|Clay Jr.}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1764–1811

| term = 1796–1801Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 21, 1796, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 27, 1796, and received commission on January 2, 1797.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|William|Stephens|dab=judge}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1752–1819

| term = 1801–1818Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 6, 1802, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 26, 1802, and received commission on January 26, 1802.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jefferson|List of federal judges appointed by Thomas Jefferson}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|William|Davies|dab=Georgia judge}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1775–1829

| term = 1819–1821

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Jeremiah La Touche|Cuyler}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1768–1839

| term = 1821–1839Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 19, 1821, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 10, 1822, and received commission on January 10, 1822.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|John Cochran|Nicoll}}

| state = GA|

| borndied = 1793–1863

| term = 1839–1848Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 23, 1840, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1840, and received commission on February 17, 1840.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Van Buren|List of federal judges appointed by Martin Van Buren}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Ga. and S.D. Ga.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on September 24, 1789 by 1 Stat. 73

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Pendleton

| term = 1789–1796

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Clay

| term = 1796–1801

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Stephens

| term = 1801–1818

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Davies

| term = 1819–1821

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Cuyler

| term = 1821–1839

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Nicoll

| term = 1839–1848

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern and Southern Districts on August 11, 1848 by 9 Stat. 280

}}

Illinois

File:Illinois-District-Court-his.gif

The United States District Court for the District of Illinois was established by a statute passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819, {{USStat|3|502}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_il.html U.S. District Courts of Illinois, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The act established a single office for a judge to preside over the court. Initially, the court was not within any existing judicial circuit, and appeals from the court were taken directly to the United States Supreme Court. In 1837, Congress created the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, placing it in Chicago, Illinois and giving it jurisdiction over the District of Illinois, {{USStat|5|176}}. The District itself was eliminated by a statute passed on February 13, 1855, {{USStat|10|606}}, under which it was subdivided into the Northern and the Southern Districts. The boundaries of the District and the seats of the courts were set forth in the statute:

:The counties of Hancock, McDonough, Peoria, Woodford, Livingston, and Iroquois, and all the counties in the said State north of them, shall compose one district, to be called the northern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the said district at the city of Chicago; and the residue of the counties of the said State shall compose another district, to be called the southern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the same at the city of Springfield.

The district has since been re-organized several times. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was created on March 3, 1905, by {{USStat|33|992}}, by splitting counties out of the Northern and Southern Districts. It was later eliminated in a reorganization on October 2, 1978, which replaced it with a Central District, {{USStat|92|883}}, also formed from parts of the Northern and Southern Districts.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Nathaniel|Pope}}

| state = IL

| borndied = 1784–1850

| term = 1819–1850

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Thomas|Drummond|dab=judge}}

| state = IL

| borndied = 1809–1890

| term = 1850–1855

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Taylor|List of federal judges appointed by Zachary Taylor}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Ill.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 3, 1819 by 3 Stat. 502

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Pope

| term = 1819–1850

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Drummond

| term = 1850–1855

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on February 13, 1855 by 10 Stat. 606

}}

Indiana

The United States District Court for the District of Indiana was established on March 3, 1817, by {{USStat|3|390}}.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 392.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_in.html U.S. District Courts of Indiana, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on April 21, 1928, by {{USStat|45|437}}. Of all district courts that have been subdivided, Indiana existed for the longest time as a single court, 111 years.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Benjamin|Parke}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1777–1835

| term = 1817–1835

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Jesse Lynch|Holman}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1784–1842

| term = 1835–1842Recess appointment; formally nominated on March 21, 1836, confirmed by the United States Senate on March 29, 1836, and received commission on March 29, 1836.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Elisha Mills|Huntington}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1806–1862

| term = 1842–1862

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Tyler|List of federal judges appointed by John Tyler}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Caleb Blood|Smith}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1808–1864

| term = 1862–1864

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Lincoln|List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Albert Smith|White}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1803–1864

| term = 1864

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Lincoln|List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|David|McDonald|dab=judge}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1803–1869

| term = 1864–1869

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Lincoln|List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 7

| name = {{sortname|Walter Q.|Gresham}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1832–1895

| term = 1869–1883Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 6, 1869, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 21, 1869, and received commission on December 21, 1869.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Grant|List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 8

| name = {{sortname|William Allen|Woods}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1837–1901

| term = 1883–1892Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 18, 1883, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 7, 1884, and received commission on January 7, 1884.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Arthur|List of federal judges appointed by Chester A. Arthur}}

| termination = elevation to 7th Cir.|

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 9

| name = {{sortname|John|Baker|John Baker (Indiana politician)}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1832–1915

| term = 1892–1902

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||B. Harrison|List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison}}

| termination = retirement

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 10

| name = {{sortname|Albert B.|Anderson}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1857–1938

| term = 1902–1925

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||T. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt}}

| termination = elevation to 7th Cir.|

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 11

| name = {{sortname|Robert C.|Baltzell}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1879–1950

| term = 1925–1928

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}}

| termination = reassignment to S.D. Ind.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 12

| name = {{sortname|Thomas Whitten|Slick}}

| state = IN|

| borndied = 1869–1959

| term = 1925–1928

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Ind.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 3, 1817 by 3 Stat. 390

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Parke

| term = 1817–1835

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Holman

| term = 1835–1842

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Huntington

| term = 1842–1862

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Smith

| term = 1862–1864

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = White

| term = 1864

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = McDonald

| term = 1864–1869

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Gresham

| term = 1869–1883

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Woods

| term = 1883–1892

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Baker

| term = 1892–1902

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Anderson

| term = 1902–1925

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Baltzell

| term = 1925–1928

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Southern District on April 21, 1928 by 45 Stat. 437

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 2

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on January 16, 1925 by 43 Stat. 751

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Slick

| term = 1925–1928

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on April 21, 1928 by 45 Stat. 437

}}

Iowa

The United States District Court for the District of Iowa was established on March 3, 1845, by {{USStat|5|789}}.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 394.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ia.html U.S. District Courts of Iowa, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on July 20, 1882, by {{USStat|22|172}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|John James|Dyer}}

| state = IA

| borndied = 1809–1855

| term = 1847–1855

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Polk|List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|James M.|Love}}

| state = IA

| borndied = 1820–1891

| term = 1855–1882Recess appointment; formally nominated on February 7, 1856, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 1856, and received commission on December 21, 1856.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Pierce|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin Pierce}}

| termination = reassignment to S.D. Iowa

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 3, 1845 by 5 Stat. 789

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Dyer

| term = 1847–1855

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Love

| term = 1855–1882

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Southern District on July 20, 1882 by 22 Stat. 172

}}

Kentucky

The United States District Court for the District of Kentucky was part of one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ky.html U.S. District Courts of Kentucky, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. At the time, Kentucky was not yet a state, but was within the territory of the state of Virginia. The District was unchanged when Kentucky became a state on June 1, 1792. On February 13, 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801, {{USStat|2|89}}, abolished the U.S. district court in Kentucky, but the repeal of this Act restored the District on March 8, 1802, {{USStat|2|132}}. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 12, 1901, by {{USStat|31|781}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Harry|Innes}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1752–1816

| term = 1789–1816

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Robert|Trimble}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1776–1828

| term = 1817–1826

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}

| termination = elevation to Supreme Court|

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|John|Boyle|dab=congressman}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1774–1834

| term = 1826–1834Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 13, 1826, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 12, 1827, and received commission on February 12, 1827.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname|J.Q.|Adams|List of federal judges appointed by John Quincy Adams}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Thomas Bell|Monroe}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1791–1865

| term = 1834–1861

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Bland|Ballard|dab=judge}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1819–1879

| term = 1861–1879Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 9, 1861, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 22, 1862, and received commission on January 22, 1862.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Lincoln|List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|William Hercules|Hays}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1820–1880

| term = 1879–1880Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 1, 1879, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1879, and received commission on December 10, 1879.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Hayes|List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 7

| name = {{sortname|John W.|Barr}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1826–1907

| term = 1880–1899

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Hayes|List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes}}

| termination = retirement

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 8

| name = {{sortname|Walter|Evans|dab=American politician}}

| state = KY|

| borndied = 1842–1923

| term = 1899–1901

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||McKinley|List of federal judges appointed by William McKinley}}

| termination = reassignment to W.D. Ky.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on September 24, 1789 by 1 Stat. 73

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Innes

| term = 1789–1816

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Trimble

| term = 1817–1826

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Boyle

| term = 1826–1834

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Monroe

| term = 1834–1861

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Ballard

| term = 1861–1879

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hays

| term = 1879–1880

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Barr

| term = 1880–1899

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Evans

| term = 1899–1901

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Western District on July 1, 1901 by 31 Stat. 781

}}

Louisiana

On March 26, 1804, Congress organized the Territory of Orleans and created the United States District Court for the District of Orleans – the first time Congress provided a territory with a district court equal in its authority and jurisdiction to those of the states.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_la.html U.S. District Courts of Louisiana, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The United States District Court for the District of Louisiana was established on April 8, 1812, by {{USStat|2|701}}, several weeks before Louisiana was formally admitted as a state of the union. The District was thereafter subdivided and reformed several times. It was first subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1823, by {{USStat|3|774}}.

On February 13, 1845, Louisiana was reorganized into a single District with one judgeship, by {{USStat|5|722}}, but was again divided into Eastern and the Western Districts on March 3, 1849, by {{USStat|9|401}}. Congress again abolished the Western District of Louisiana and reorganized Louisiana as a single judicial district on July 27, 1866, by {{USStat|14|300}}. On March 3, 1881, by {{USStat|21|507}}, Louisiana was for a third time divided into Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized for each. The Middle District was formed from portions of those two Districts on December 18, 1971, by {{USStat|85|741}}.

During the course of its frequent subdivisions and reunifications, four judges served as judge of the District of Louisiana: Dominic Augustin Hall, (1812–1820), John Dick, (1821–1823), Theodore Howard McCaleb (1845–1849), and Edward Henry Durell (1866–1874).[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetCourt?cid=82&order=c Judges of the District of Louisiana], Federal Judicial Center. Hall was appointed to the District of Louisiana twice. He briefly resigned from the District Court to serve as a Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court. He was shortly thereafter reappointed to the same seat on the District Court, which had remained vacant in his absence.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Dominic Augustin|Hall}}

| state = LA|

| borndied = 1765–1820

| term = 1812–1813
1813–1820

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}
{{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}

| termination = resignation
death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|John|Dick|dab=judge}}

| state = LA|

| borndied = 1788–1824

| term = 1820–1823

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. La. and W.D. La.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Theodore Howard|McCaleb}}

| state = LA|

| borndied = 1810–1864

| term = 1845–1849Reassigned from the Eastern District of Louisiana and the Western District of Louisiana.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Tyler/Operation of law|

| termination = reassignment to E.D. La.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Edward Henry|Durell}}

| state = LA|

| borndied = 1810–1887

| term = 1866–1874Reassigned from the Eastern District of Louisiana.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Lincoln/Operation of law|

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Edward Coke|Billings}}

| state = LA|

| borndied = 1829–1893

| term = 1876–1881

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Grant|List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. La.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on April 8, 1812 by 2 Stat. 701

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hall

| term = 1812–1813

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hall

| term = 1813–1820

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Dick

| term = 1821–1823

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1823 by 3 Stat. 774

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from Eastern and Western Districts on February 13, 1845 by 5 Stat. 772

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = McCaleb

| term = 1845–1849

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on March 3, 1849 by 9 Stat. 401

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from Eastern District on July 27, 1866 by 14 Stat. 300

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Durell

| term = 1866–1874

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Billings

| term = 1876–1881

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on March 3, 1881 by 21 Stat. 507

}}

Michigan

The United States District Court for the District of Michigan was established on July 1, 1836, by {{USStat|5|61}}, with a single judgeship.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_mi.html U.S. District Courts of Michigan, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The district court was not assigned to a judicial circuit, but was granted the same jurisdiction as United States circuit courts, except in appeals and writs of error, which were the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Due to the so-called "Toledo War", a boundary dispute with Ohio, Michigan did not become a state of the Union until January 26, 1837. On March 3, 1837, Congress passed an act that repealed the circuit court jurisdiction of the U.S. District Court for the District of Michigan, assigned the District of Michigan to the Seventh Circuit, and established a U.S. circuit court for the district, {{USStat|5|176}}.

On July 15, 1862, Congress reorganized the circuits and assigned Michigan to the Eighth Circuit by {{USStat|12|576}}, and on January 28, 1863, the Congress again reorganized the Seventh and Eight Circuits and assigned Michigan to the Seventh Circuit, by {{USStat|12|637}}. On February 24, 1863, Congress divided the District of Michigan into the Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized for each district, by {{USStat|12|660}}.

Ross Wilkins was the only district judge to serve the District of Michigan. He was nominated by President Andrew Jackson on July 2, 1836, to the newly created seat, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 2, 1836. He received his commission on January 26, 1837. Upon termination of the District of Michigan, Wilkins was reassigned to the Eastern District of Michigan.[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=2584 Judges of the District of Michigan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916220046/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=2584 |date=2008-09-16 }}, Federal Judicial Center.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Ross|Wilkins}}

| state = MI

| borndied = 1799–1872

| term = 1837–1863

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Mich.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on July 1, 1836 by 5 Stat. 61

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Wilkins

| term = 1837–1863

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on February 24, 1863 by 12 Stat. 660

}}

Mississippi

The United States District Court for the District of Mississippi was established on April 3, 1818, by {{USStat|3|413}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ms.html U.S. District Courts of Mississippi, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It existed for over twenty years, and was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on June 18, 1838, by {{USStat|5|247}}:

:The State of Mississippi, at the date of the act of March 3, 1837... constituted one district, in which the District Court was invested with the powers of a Circuit Court. By that act the extraordinary jurisdiction of the District Court was abrogated. But by the acts of June 18, 1838, and of February 16, 1839, the district of Mississippi was divided into two districts, the Northern and Southern; and by the latter act the powers of a Circuit Court were conferred on the District Court for the Northern District.Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1842), p. 42.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|William Bayard|Shields}}

| state = MS

| borndied = 1780–1823

| term = 1818–1823

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Peter|Randolph|dab=judge}}

| state = MS

| borndied = 1779–1832

| term = 1823–1832Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 5, 1823, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1823, and received commission on December 9, 1823.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Powhatan|Ellis}}

| state = MS

| borndied = 1790–1863

| term = 1832–1836

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|George|Adams|dab=Mississippi judge}}

| state = MS

| borndied = 1784–1844

| term = 1836–1858

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D. Miss. and S.D. Miss.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on April 3, 1818 by 3 Stat. 413

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Shields

| term = 1818–1823

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Randolph

| term = 1823–1832

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Ellis

| term = 1832–1836

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Adams

| term = 1836–1838

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern and Southern Districts on June 18, 1838 by 5 Stat. 247

}}

{{further|United States Attorney for the District of Mississippi}}

Missouri

The United States District Court for the District of Missouri was established on March 16, 1822, by {{USStat|3|653}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_mo.html U.S. District Courts of Missouri, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. However, an act of Congress passed in 1845 and upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 1851, extending federal admiralty jurisdiction to inland waterways, resulted in a substantial increase in the number of admiralty cases arising from traffic on the Mississippi River.{{cite book|last=Broadhead|first=James O.|title=Proceedings of the Saint Louis bar on the retirement of Hon. Samuel Treat|editor=Bar Association of St. Louis|publisher=Nixon-Jones printing co.|location=St. Louis|date=March 5, 1887|pages=10–17|chapter=Address of Col. J. O. Broadhead|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CAuAAAAYAAJ}} These disputes involved "contracts of affreightment, collisions, mariners' wages, and other causes of admiralty jurisdiction", and litigants of matters arising in the port city of St. Louis found it inconvenient to travel far inland to Jefferson City for their cases to be tried. The District was therefore subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1857, by {{USStat|11|197}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|James H.|Peck}}

| state = MO

| borndied = 1790–1836

| term = 1822–1836

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Monroe|List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Robert William|Wells}}

| state = MO

| borndied = 1795–1864

| term = 1836–1857

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = reassignment to W.D. Mo.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 16, 1822 by 3 Stat. 653

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Peck

| term = 1822–1836

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Wells

| term = 1836–1857

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Western District on March 3, 1857 by 11 Stat. 197

}}

New Jersey

The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_nj.html U.S. District Courts of New Jersey, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New Jersey and the United States District Court for the Western District of New Jersey on February 13, 1801, by the Judiciary Act of 1801, {{USStat|2|89}}, with the judicial districts being headquartered in New Brunswick and Burlington, respectively. The repeal of the 1801 Act on March 8, 1802, by {{USStat|2|132}}, restored New Jersey as a single judicial district. The only judge to serve on the briefly subdivided courts was Robert Morris, who had begun serving as a recess appointment to the District of New Jersey on August 28, 1790 and continued serving after the restoration of the single court, until June 2, 1815.[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=1697 Robert Morris], Federal Judicial Center.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Robert|Morris|dab=judge}}

| state = NJ

| borndied = 1745–1815

| term = 1801–1802Reassigned from the District of New Jersey.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Washington/Operation of law

| termination = reassignment to D.N.J.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from the District of New Jersey on February 13, 1801 by 2 Stat. 89

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Morris

| term = 1801–1802

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of New Jersey on June 1, 1802 by 2 Stat. 132

}}

New York

The United States District Court for the District of New York was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 386.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_ny.html U.S. District Courts of New York, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It existed for nearly twenty-five years before, on April 9, 1814, New York was divided into Northern and Southern Districts by {{USStat|3|120}}. These Districts were later further subdivided with the creation of Eastern District on February 25, 1865 by {{USStat|13|438}}, and the Western District on May 12, 1900, by {{USStat|31|175}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|James|Duane}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1733–1797

| term = 1789–1794

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|John|Laurance}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1750–1810

| term = 1794–1796

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Robert|Troup}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1757–1832

| term = 1796–1798

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|John Sloss|Hobart}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1738–1805

| term = 1798–1805

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||J. Adams|List of federal judges appointed by John Adams}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Matthias B.|Tallmadge}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1774–1819

| term = 1805–1812Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1805, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 23, 1805, and received commission on January 17, 1806.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jefferson|List of federal judges appointed by Thomas Jefferson}}

| termination = reassignment to N.D.N.Y.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|William P.|Van Ness}}

| state = NY|

| borndied = 1778–1826

| term = 1812–1814

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}

| termination = reassignment to S.D.N.Y.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on September 24, 1789 by 1 Stat. 73

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Duane

| term = 1789–1794

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Laurance

| term = 1794–1796

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Troup

| term = 1796–1798

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hobart

| term = 1798–1805

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Tallmadge

| term = 1805–1814

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on April 9, 1814 by 3 Stat. 120

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 2

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on April 29, 1812 by 2 Stat. 719

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Van Ness

| term = 1812–1814

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Southern District on April 9, 1814 by 3 Stat. 120

}}

North Carolina

The United States District Court for the District of North Carolina has a unique history among defunct district courts. It was established on June 4, 1790, by {{USStat|1|126}}.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 389.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_nc.html U.S. District Courts of North Carolina, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. On June 9, 1794 it was subdivided into three districts by {{USStat|1|395}}, but on March 3, 1797, the three districts were abolished and the single District restored by {{USStat|1|517}}, until April 29, 1802, when the state was again subdivided into three different districts by {{USStat|2|156}}.

In both instances, these districts, unlike those with geographic designations that existed in other states, were titled by the names of the cities in which the courts sat. After the first division, they were styled the District of Edenton, the District of New Bern, and the District of Wilmington; after the second division, they were styled the District of Albemarle, the District of Cape Fear, and the District of Pamptico. However, in both instances, only one judge was authorized to serve all three districts, causing them to effectively operate as a single district. The latter combination was occasionally referred to by the cumbersome title of the United States District Court for the Albemarle, Cape Fear & Pamptico Districts of North Carolina. Judge Henry Potter's 55 years of service on this court during the period in which the state contained a single district, from April 1802 to December 1857, represents one of the longest terms ever held by a United States federal judge.

On June 4, 1872, North Carolina was re-divided into two Districts, Eastern and Western, by {{USStat|17|215}}. The Middle District was created from portions of the Eastern and Western Districts on March 2, 1927, by {{USStat|44|1339}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|John|Stokes|dab=North Carolina judge}}

| state = NC|

| borndied = 1756–1790

| term = 1790

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|John|Sitgreaves}}

| state = NC|

| borndied = 1757–1802

| term = 1790–1802

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Henry|Potter|dab=judge}}

| state = NC|

| borndied = 1766–1857

| term = 1802–1857

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jefferson|List of federal judges appointed by Thomas Jefferson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Asa|Biggs}}

| state = NC|

| borndied = 1811–1878

| term = 1858–1861

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Buchanan|List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|George Washington|Brooks}}

| state = NC|

| borndied = 1821–1882

| term = 1865–1872Recess appointment; Johnson appointed him on August 19, 1865. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 22, 1866, and received commission on January 22, 1866.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||A. Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Johnson}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D.N.C

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on June 4, 1790 by 1 Stat. 126

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Stokes

| term = 1790

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Sitgreaves

| term = 1790–1802

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Potter

| term = 1802–1857

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Biggs

| term = 1858–1861

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Brooks

| term = 1865–1872

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on June 4, 1872 by 17 Stat. 215

}}

{{further|United States Attorney for the District of North Carolina}}

Ohio

The United States District Court for the District of Ohio was established on February 19, 1803, by {{USStat|2|201}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_oh.html U.S. District Courts of Ohio, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on February 10, 1855, by {{USStat|10|604}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Charles Willing|Byrd}}

| state = OH|

| borndied = 1756–1790

| term = 1803–1828

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jefferson|List of federal judges appointed by Thomas Jefferson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|William|Creighton Jr.}}

| state = OH|

| borndied = 1778–1851

| term = 1828–1829Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||J.Q. Adams|List of federal judges appointed by John Quincy Adams}}

| termination = not confirmed

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|John Wilson|Campbell}}

| state = OH|

| borndied = 1782–1833

| term = 1829–1833

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Benjamin|Tappan}}

| state = OH|

| borndied = 1773–1857

| term = 1833–1834Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = not confirmed

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Humphrey H.|Leavitt}}

| state = OH|

| borndied = 1796–1873

| term = 1834–1855

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Jackson|List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson}}

| termination = reassignment to S.D. Ohio

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on February 19, 1803 by 2 Stat. 201

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Byrd

| term = 1803–1828

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Creighton

| term = 1828–1829

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Campbell

| term = 1829–1833

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Tappan

| term = 1833–1834

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Leavitt

| term = 1834–1855

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Southern District on February 10, 1855 by 10 Stat. 604

}}

class=wikitable
Term start ! Term end ! United States Attorney{{cite web \|title=History of the U.S. Attorney Southern District of Ohio \|publisher =United States Attorney's Office Southern District of Ohio \|access-date=2012-11-15\|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/ohs/usahistory.html }}
1802 \| 1803 \| William McMillandid not serve due to illness
1803 \| 1804 \| Michael Baldwin
1804 \| 1810 \| William Creighton Jr.
1810 \| 1818 \| Samuel Herrick
1818 \| 1823 \| John Crafts Wright
1823 \| 1830 \| Joseph Benham
1830 \| 1839 \| Noah Haynes Swayne
1839 \| 1841 \| Israel Hamilton
1841 \| 1846 \| Charles Anthony
1846 \| 1850 \| Thomas W. Bartley
1850 \| 1854 \| Samson Mason
1854 \| 1855 \| Daniel O. Morton

class=wikitable

Term start

! Term end

! United States Attorney{{cite web |title=History of the U.S. Attorney Southern District of Ohio |publisher =United States Attorney's Office Southern District of Ohio |access-date=2012-11-15|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/ohs/usahistory.html }}

1802

| 1803

| William McMillandid not serve due to illness

1803

| 1804

| Michael Baldwin

1804

| 1810

| William Creighton Jr.

1810

| 1818

| Samuel Herrick

1818

| 1823

| John Crafts Wright

1823

| 1830

| Joseph Benham

1830

| 1839

| Noah Haynes Swayne

1839

| 1841

| Israel Hamilton

1841

| 1846

| Charles Anthony

1846

| 1850

| Thomas W. Bartley

1850

| 1854

| Samson Mason

1854

| 1855

| Daniel O. Morton

Pennsylvania

The United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 388.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_pa.html U.S. District Courts of Pennsylvania, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It was subdivided on April 20, 1818, by {{USStat|3|462}}, into the Eastern and Western Districts, to be headquartered in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, respectively. Portions of these districts were subsequently subdivided into the Middle District on March 2, 1901, by {{USStat|31|880}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Francis|Hopkinson}}

| state = PA

| borndied = 1737–1791

| term = 1789–1791

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|William|Lewis|dab=judge}}

| state = PA

| borndied = 1752–1819

| term = 1791–1792Recess appointment; formally nominated on October 31, 1791, confirmed by the United States Senate on November 7, 1791, and received commission on November 7, 1791.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = resignation

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Richard|Peters|dab=Continental Congress}}

| state = PA

| borndied = 1744–1828

| term = 1792–1818

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Pa.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on September 24, 1789 by 1 Stat. 73

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hopkinson

| term = 1789–1791

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Lewis

| term = 1791–1792

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Peters

| term = 1792–1818

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on April 20, 1818 by 3 Stat. 462

}}

South Carolina

The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_sc.html U.S. District Courts of South Carolina, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina and the United States District Court for the Western District of South Carolina Districts on February 21, 1823 by {{USStat|3|726}}. The Eastern District was headquartered at Florence,[http://www.fjc.gov/history/courthouses.nsf/getcourthouse?OpenAgent&chid=343F30A6D710E4AA8525718B007268FE The Florence, South Carolina courthouse], Federal Judicial Center. and the Western District was headquartered in Greenville.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/courthouses.nsf/getcourthouse?OpenAgent&chid=E2A5075EE01076E38525718B00726D47 The Greenville, South Carolina courthouse], Federal Judicial Center. The division was solely for the purposes of holding court – a single judge presided over both districts, and the act authorized no additional court staff.

In 1898 the United States Supreme Court held in Barrett v. United StatesBarrett v. United States, 169 U.S. 219 (1898). that South Carolina legally constituted a single judicial district. Congress made a more explicit effort to subdivide the District on March 3, 1911, by {{USStat|36|1087}}, {{USStat|36|1123}}. South Carolina was again Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized to serve both districts, effective January 1, 1912. Congress finally authorized an additional judgeship for the Western District, and assigned the sitting judge exclusively to the Eastern District, on March 3, 1915, by {{USStat|38|961}}. However, on October 7, 1965, by {{USStat|79|951}}, South Carolina was reorganized as a single judicial district with four judgeships authorized for the district court, and it has since remained a single District.

Judges of the Eastern District of South Carolina:

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Henry Augustus Middleton|Smith}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1853–1923

| term = 1912–1923Reassigned from the District of South Carolina.From 1912 to 1915, Judge Smith was jointly appointed to the Western District of South Carolina.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Taft/Operation of law

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Ernest Ford|Cochran}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1865–1934

| term = 1923–1934Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 15, 1923, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1924, and received commission on January 21, 1924.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Coolidge|List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|John Lyles|Glenn Jr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1892–1938

| term = 1929–1938Jointly appointed to the Eastern and Western Districts of South Carolina.|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Francis Kerschner|Myers}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1874–1940

| term = 1934–1940

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Alva M.|Lumpkin}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1886–1941

| term = 1939–1941|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|George Bell|Timmerman Sr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1881–1966

| term = 1942–1962|

| chief term = 1952–1962

| senior term = 1962–1965

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 7

| name = {{sortname|Julius Waties|Waring}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1880–1968

| term = 1942–1952

| chief term = 1948–1952

| senior term = 1952–1965

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 8

| name = {{sortname|Ashton Hilliard|Williams}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1891–1962

| term = 1952–1962

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Truman|List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 9

| name = {{sortname|James Robert|Martin Jr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1909–1984

| term = 1961–1965|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 10

| name = {{sortname|Robert W.|Hemphill}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1915–1984

| term = 1964–1965|

| chief term = 1964–1965

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||L. Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 11

| name = {{sortname|Charles Earl|Simons Jr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1916–1999

| term = 1964–1965

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||L. Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{start U.S. judge succession

| float = right

| seat title = Chief Judge

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Waring

| term = 1948–1952

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Timmerman

| term = 1952–1962

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hemphill

| term = 1964–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession note

| text = Abolished on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from the District of South Carolina on January 1, 1912 by 36 Stat. 1087 (concurrent with Western District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned solely to the Eastern District on March 3, 1915 by 38 Stat. 961

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Smith

| term = 1912–1923

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Cochran

| term = 1923–1934

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Myers

| term = 1934–1940

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Waring

| term = 1942–1952

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Williams

| term = 1952–1962

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Simons

| term = 1962–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 2

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on February 26, 1929 by 45 Stat. 1319 (concurrent with Western District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Glenn

| term = 1929–1938

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Lumpkin

| term = 1939–1941

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Timmerman

| term = 1942–1962

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hemphill

| term = 1964–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 3

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80 (concurrent with Western District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Martin

| term = 1961–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

Judges of the Western District of South Carolina:

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Henry Augustus Middleton|Smith}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1853–1923

| term = 1912–1915|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Taft/Operation of law

| termination = seat abolished

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|Joseph T.|Johnson}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1858–1919

| term = 1915–1919Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 4, 1916, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24, 1916, and received commission on January 24, 1916.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Wilson|List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|Henry Hitt|Watkins}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1866–1947

| term = 1919–1936

| chief term = —

| senior term = 1936–1947

| appointer = {{sortname||Wilson|List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|John Lyles|Glenn Jr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1892–1938

| term = 1929–1938|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Hoover|List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|Charles Cecil|Wyche}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1885–1966

| term = 1937–1965

| chief term = 1948–1962

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 5

| name = {{sortname|Alva M.|Lumpkin}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1886–1941

| term = 1939–1941|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 6

| name = {{sortname|George Bell|Timmerman Sr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1881–1966

| term = 1942–1962|

| chief term = —

| senior term = 1962–1965

| appointer = {{sortname||F. Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 7

| name = {{sortname|James Robert|Martin Jr.}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1909–1984

| term = 1961–1965|

| chief term = 1962–1965

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Kennedy|List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 8

| name = {{sortname|Robert W.|Hemphill}}

| state = SC|

| borndied = 1915–1984

| term = 1964–1965|

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||L. Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}}

| termination = reassignment to D.S.C.

}}

{{start U.S. judge succession

| float = right

| seat title = Chief Judge

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Wyche

| term = 1948–1962

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Martin

| term = 1962–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession note

| text = Abolished on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from the District of South Carolina on January 1, 1912 by 36 Stat. 1087 (concurrent with Eastern District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Smith

| term = 1912–1915

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned solely to the Eastern District on March 3, 1915 by 38 Stat. 961

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 2

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on March 3, 1915 by 38 Stat. 961

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Johnson

| term = 1915–1919

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Watkins

| term = 1919–1936

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Wyche

| term = 1937–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 3

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on February 26, 1929 by 45 Stat. 1319 (concurrent with Eastern District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Glenn

| term = 1929–1938

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Lumpkin

| term = 1939–1941

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Timmerman

| term = 1942–1962

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hemphill

| term = 1964–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 4

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80 (concurrent with Eastern District)

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Martin

| term = 1961–1965

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to the District of South Carolina on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951

}}

Tennessee

The United States District Court for the District of Tennessee was established with one judgeship on January 31, 1797, by {{USStat|1|496}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_tn.html U.S. District Courts of Tennessee, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The judgeship was filled by President George Washington's appointment of John McNairy. Since Congress failed to assign the district to a circuit, the court had the jurisdiction of both a district court and a circuit court. Appeals from this one district court went directly to the United States Supreme Court.

On February 13, 1801, in the famous "Midnight Judges" Act of 1801, {{USStat|2|89}}, Congress abolished the U.S. district court in Tennessee, and expanded the number of circuits to six, provided for independent circuit court judgeships, and abolished the necessity of Supreme Court Justices riding the circuits. It was this legislation which created the grandfather of the present Sixth Circuit. The act provided for a "Sixth Circuit" comprising two districts in the State of Tennessee, one district in the State of Kentucky and one district, called the Ohio District, composed of the Ohio and Indiana territories (the latter including the present State of Michigan). The new Sixth Circuit Court was to be held at "Bairdstown" in the District of Kentucky, at Knoxville in the District of East Tennessee, at Nashville in the District of West Tennessee, and at Cincinnati in the District of Ohio. Unlike the other circuits which were provided with three circuit judges, the Sixth Circuit was to have only one circuit judge with district judges from Kentucky and Tennessee comprising the rest of the court. Any two judges constituted a quorum. New circuit judgeships were to be created as district judgeships in Kentucky and Tennessee became vacant.The Honorable Harry Phillips, "[http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/circuit/earlyCir.html History of the Sixth Circuit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111202018/http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/circuit/earlyCir.html |date=2007-01-11 }}".

The repeal of this Act restored the District on March 8, 1802, {{USStat|2|132}}. The District was divided into the Eastern and Western Districts on April 29, 1802. On February 24, 1807, Congress again abolished the two districts and created the United States Circuit for the District of Tennessee. On March 3, 1837, Congress assigned the judicial district of Tennessee to the Eighth Circuit. On June 18, 1839, by {{USStat|5|313}}, Congress divided Tennessee into three districts, Eastern, Middle, and Western. Again, only one judgeship was allotted for all three districts. On July 15, 1862, Congress reassigned appellate jurisdiction to the Sixth Circuit. Finally, on June 14, 1878, Congress authorized a separate judgeship for each district of Tennessee.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|John|McNairy}}

| state = TN

| borndied = 1762–1837

| term = 1797–1802

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Tenn. and W.D. Tenn.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on January 31, 1797 by 1 Stat. 496

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = McNairy

| term = 1797–1802

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern and Western Districts on April 29, 1802 by 2 Stat.165

}}

Texas

File:1861 Galveston Customs and Courthouse.jpg, once housed the Southern District of Texas.]]

The United States District Court for the District of Texas was established on December 29, 1845, by {{USStat|9|1}}. and based in Galveston, then the largest city in the state.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_tx.html U.S. District Courts of Texas, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. John Charles Watrous, appointed to the court by President James K. Polk in May 1846, was the only federal judge to sit for the district.[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=2518 Biography of John Charles Watrous], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 21, 1857, by {{USStat|11|164}}. When the District was subdivided, Watrous continued as judge for the Eastern District only, while Thomas Howard DuVal[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=670 Biography of Thomas Howard DuVal], Federal Judicial Center. was appointed to the Western District. Watrous continued serving in the Eastern District until 1870. From these Districts, Texas was further subdivided with the creation of a Northern District on February 24, 1879, by {{USStat|20|318}}. The new Southern District was created on March 11, 1902, by {{USStat|32|64}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|John Charles|Watrous}}

| state = TX

| borndied = 1801–1874

| term = 1846–1857

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Polk|List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Tex.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on December 29, 1845 by 9 Stat. 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Watrous

| term = 1846–1857

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on February 21, 1857 by 11 Stat. 164

}}

Virginia

The United States District Court for the District of Virginia was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, {{USStat|1|73}}, on September 24, 1789.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_va.html U.S. District Courts of Virginia, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center.

On February 13, 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801, {{USStat|2|89}}, divided Virginia into three judicial districts: the District of Virginia, which included the counties west of the Tidewater and south of the Rappahannock River; the District of Norfolk, which included the Tidewater counties south of the Rappahannock; and the District of Potomac, which included the counties north and east of the Rappahannock as well as Maryland counties along the Potomac. Just over a year later, on March 8, 1802, the Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed and Virginia became a single District again, {{USStat|2|132}}, effective July 1, 1802.

The District of Virginia was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 4, 1819, by {{USStat|3|478}}. At that time, West Virginia was still part of Virginia, and was encompassed in Virginia's Western District. With the division of West Virginia from Virginia during the American Civil War, the Western District of Virginia became the District of West Virginia, and those parts of the Western District that were not part of West Virginia were combined with the Eastern District to again form a single District of Virginia on June 11, 1864, by {{USStat|13|124}}. Congress again divided Virginia into Eastern and the Western Districts on February 3, 1871, by {{USStat|16|403}}.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Cyrus|Griffin}}

| state = VA|

| borndied = 1748–1810

| term = 1789–1810Recess appointment; formally nominated on February 8, 1790, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 10, 1790, and received commission on February 10, 1790.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Washington|List of federal judges appointed by George Washington}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 2

| name = {{sortname|John|Tyler Sr.}}

| state = VA|

| borndied = 1747–1812

| term = 1811–1813

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}

| termination = death

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 3

| name = {{sortname|St. George|Tucker}}

| state = VA|

| borndied = 1810–1864

| term = 1813–1819

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Madison|List of federal judges appointed by James Madison}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Va.

}}

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 4

| name = {{sortname|John Curtiss|Underwood}}

| state = VA|

| borndied = 1809–1873

| term = 1864–1871Reassigned from the Eastern District of Virginia.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Lincoln/Operation of law|

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Va.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on September 24, 1789 by 1 Stat. 73

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Griffin

| term = 1789–1810

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Tyler

| term = 1811–1813

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Tucker

| term = 1813–1819

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on February 4, 1819 by 3 Stat. 478

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from Eastern District on June 11, 1864 by 13 Stat. 124

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Underwood

| term = 1864–1871

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on February 3, 1871 by 16 Stat. 403

}}

Washington

The United States District Court for the District of Washington was established on April 5, 1890, by {{USStat|26|45}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_wa.html U.S. District Courts of Washington, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 2, 1905, by {{USStat|33|824}}. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Washington.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Cornelius H.|Hanford}}

| state = WA

| borndied = 1849–1926

| term = 1890–1905

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||B. Harrison|List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison}}

| termination = reassignment to W.D. Wash.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on April 5, 1890 by 25 Stat. 676

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Hanford

| term = 1890–1905

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Western District on March 2, 1905 by 33 Stat. 824

}}

{{further|United States Attorney for the District of Washington}}

West Virginia

West Virginia split from the state of Virginia during the American Civil War. At that time, Virginia was already divided into an Eastern and Western District. Congress reorganized the Western District of Virginia to conform to the boundaries of the new state of West Virginia, renaming it the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia on June 11, 1864, by {{USStat|13|124}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_wv.html U.S. District Courts of West Virginia, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. This District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on January 22, 1901, by {{USStat|31|736}}.

John Jay Jackson Jr., who had been appointed by Abraham Lincoln to what was then the Western District of Virginia, became the first judge of the District of West Virginia. He remained the only judge on that court until its subdivision.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|John Jay|Jackson Jr.}}

| state = WV

| borndied = 1824–1907

| term = 1864–1901Reassigned from the Western District of Virginia.

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = Lincoln/Operation of law|

| termination = reassignment to N.D. W. Va.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned from Western District of Virginia on June 11, 1864 by 13 Stat. 124

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Jackson

| term = 1864–1901

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Northern District on July 1, 1901 by 31 Stat. 736

}}

Wisconsin

The United States District Court for the District of Wisconsin was established on May 29, 1848, by {{USStat|9|233}}.[http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_district_wi.html U.S. District Courts of Wisconsin, Legislative history], Federal Judicial Center. It was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on June 30, 1870, by {{USStat|16|171}}. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Wisconsin.

{{U.S. judgeship row Former

| index = 1

| name = {{sortname|Andrew G.|Miller}}

| state = WI

| borndied = 1801–1874

| term = 1848–1870

| chief term = —

| senior term = —

| appointer = {{sortname||Polk|List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk}}

| termination = reassignment to E.D. Wis.

}}

{{U.S. judge succession inactive

| seat title = Seat 1

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat established on May 29, 1848 by 9 Stat. 56

}}

{{U.S. judge succession row

| name = Miller

| term = 1848–1870

}}

{{U.S. judge succession 3 note

| text = Seat reassigned to Eastern District on June 30, 1870 by 16 Stat. 171

}}

List of former United States district courts#Illinois

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kentucky

Louisiana

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

See also

References