List of hoards in Great Britain#Viking hoards
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2016}}
The list of hoards in Britain comprises significant archaeological hoards of coins, jewellery, precious and scrap metal objects and other valuable items discovered in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). It includes both hoards that were buried with the intention of retrieval at a later date (personal hoards, founder's hoards, merchant's hoards, and hoards of loot), and also hoards of votive offerings which were not intended to be recovered at a later date, but excludes grave goods and single items found in isolation. The list is subdivided into sections according to archaeological and historical periods.
Neolithic hoards
{{GeoGroup|section=Neolithic hoards}}
Hoards dating to the Neolithic period, approximately 4000 to 2000 BC, comprise stone weapons and tools such as axeheads and arrowheads. Such hoards are very rare, and only a few are known from Britain.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%" | ||||||
| width="10%" | Hoard | width="10%" | Image | width="10%" | Date | width="20%" | Place of discovery | width="10%" | Year of discovery | width="15%" | Current Location | class="unsortable" width="25%" | Contents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayton East Field Hoard | {{sort | |||||
| 8500|30th to 25th century BC}} | {{sort|North Yorkshire|East Ayton}} North Yorkshire {{Coord|54.255 | |||||
| 0.474|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Ayton East Field Hoard}} | 1848 | British Museum, London | 3 flint axes 1 flint adze 5 arrowheads 1 polished flint knife 2 flint flakes 1 antler macehead 2 boar-tusk blades{{Cite web| title=Hoard from Ayton East Field | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/h/hoard_from_ayton_east_field.aspx | publisher=British Museum | access-date=7 August 2010 }} | |||
| York Hoard | {{sort | |||||
| 7000|30th century BC}} | {{sort|North Yorkshire|York}} North Yorkshire {{Coord|53.958 | |||||
| 1.080|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=York Hoard}} | 1868 | Yorkshire Museum | ~70 flint tools and weapons{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/prehistory/the-york-hoard|title=The York Hoard: History of York|publisher=Yorkshire Museum|work=History of York|access-date=7 August 2010}} |
Bronze Age hoards
{{GeoGroup|article=List of Bronze Age hoards in Great Britain}}
{{Main|List of Bronze Age hoards in Great Britain}}
A large number of hoards associated with the British Bronze Age, approximately 2700 BC to 8th century BC, have been found in Great Britain. Most of these hoards comprise bronze tools and weapons such as axeheads, chisels, spearheads and knives, and in many cases may be founder's hoards buried with the intention of recovery at a later date for use in casting new bronze items. A smaller number of hoards include gold torcs and other items of jewellery. As coinage was not in use during the Bronze Age in Great Britain, there are no hoards of coins from this period.
Iron Age hoards
{{GeoGroup|article=List of Iron Age hoards in Great Britain}}
{{Main|List of Iron Age hoards in Great Britain}}
A large number of hoards associated with the British Iron Age, approximately 8th century BC to the 1st century AD, have been found in Britain. Most of the hoards comprise silver or gold Celtic coins known as staters, usually numbered in the tens or hundreds of coins, although the Hallaton Treasure contained over 5,000 silver and gold coins. In addition to hoards of coins, a number of hoards of gold torcs and other items of jewellery have been found, including the Snettisham Hoard, the Ipswich Hoard and the Stirling Hoard.
In September 2020, 1,300 Celtic gold coins were discovered at a location in eastern England, dated back between 40 and 50 A.D.{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/history/article/birdwatcher-looks-down-to-see-record-celtic-coin-hoard-glj6s3jpl |title=Birdwatcher looks down to see record Celtic coin hoard |website=The Times |date=24 December 2020 }}
Romano-British hoards
{{GeoGroup|article=List of Roman hoards in Great Britain}}
{{Main|List of Roman hoards in Great Britain}}
Hoards associated with the period of Romano-British culture when part of Great Britain was under the control of the Roman Empire, from AD 43 until about 410, as well as the subsequent Sub-Roman period up to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms are the most numerous type of hoard found in Great Britain, and Roman coin hoards are particularly well represented, with over 1,200 known examples. In addition to hoards composed largely or entirely of coins, a smaller number of hoards, such as the Mildenhall Treasure and the Hoxne Hoard, include items of silver or gold tableware such as dishes, bowls, jugs and spoons, or items of silver or gold jewellery.
Anglo-Saxon hoards
{{Location map+
| England
| width =325
| float =left
| caption =Anglo-Saxon hoards
| places =
{{Location map~
| England
| label =Appledore Hoard
| label_size =
| position =bottom
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =51.013
| lon_deg =0.790
}}
{{Location map~
| England
| label =Bamburgh Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link = Bamburgh Hoard
| lat_deg =55.604
| lon_deg =-1.722
}}
{{Location map~
| England
| label =Brantham
| label_size =
| position =bottom
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link = Brantham Hoard
| lat_deg =51.969
| lon_deg =1.063
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Canterbury
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link = Canterbury-St Martin's hoard
| lat_deg =51.278
| lon_deg =1.094
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Crondall Hoard
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =51.230
| lon_deg =-0.862
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Harkirke Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =53.502
| lon_deg =-3.020
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Hexham Hoard
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =Hexham Hoard
| lat_deg =54.9715
| lon_deg =-2.1025
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Ipswich
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =52.059
| lon_deg =1.156
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Lenborough Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =Lenborough Hoard
| lat_deg =51.971
| lon_deg =-0.952
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Pentney Treasure
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =52.695
| lon_deg =0.545
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =St Leonard's Place Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =53.962
| lon_deg =-1.086
}} {{Location map~
| England
| label =Staffordshire Hoard
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =Staffordshire Hoard
| lat_deg =52.655
| lon_deg =-1.907
}}{{Location map~
| England
| label =Trewhiddle Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =50.329
| lon_deg =-4.804
}}{{Location map~
| England
| label =West Yorkshire Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =53.8
| lon_deg =-1.55
}}
}}
{{GeoGroup|section=Anglo-Saxon hoards}}
Hoards associated with the Anglo-Saxon culture, from the 6th century to 1066, are relatively uncommon. Those that have been found include both hoards of coins and hoards of jewellery and metalwork such as sword hilts and crosses. The Staffordshire Hoard is the largest Anglo-Saxon hoard to have been found, comprising over 1,500 items of gold and silver. More Anglo-Saxon artefacts have been found in the context of grave burials than hoards in England. These include major finds from Sutton Hoo in Suffolk, Taplow in Buckinghamshire, Prittlewell, Mucking and Broomfield in Essex, and Crundale and Sarre in Kent.
{{clear}}
Pictish hoards
{{Location map+
|UK Scotland |relief=1
| width =275
| float =left
| caption =Pictish hoards
| places =
{{Location map~
| UK Scotland
| label =Broch of Burgar Hoard
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =59.131
| lon_deg =-3.134
}}
{{Location map~
| UK Scotland
| label =Gaulcross Hoard
| label_size =
| position =
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =57.663
| lon_deg =-2.779
}}
{{Location map~
| UK Scotland
| label =Norrie's Law Hoard
| label_size =
| position =bottom
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =56.255
| lon_deg =-2.953
}} {{Location map~
| UK Scotland
| label =St Ninian's Isle Treasure
| label_size =
| position =left
| mark =MapPointer.svg
| link =
| lat_deg =59.971
| lon_deg =-1.342
}} }}
{{GeoGroup|section=Pictish hoards}}
Hoards associated with Pictish culture, dating from the end of Roman occupation in the 5th century until about the 10th century, have been found in eastern and northern Scotland. These hoards often contain silver brooches and other items of jewellery.
Viking hoards
{{GeoGroup|section=Viking hoards}}
Hoards associated with the Viking culture in Great Britain, dating from the 9th to 11th centuries, are mostly found in northern England and Orkney, and frequently comprise a mixture of silver coins, silver jewellery and hacksilver that has been taken in loot, some coins originating from as far away as the Middle East.
|| 2014
|| Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
|| over 100 gold and silver items, including armbands, a Christian cross, brooches, ingots and an exceptionally large Carolingian pot{{cite news|title=Viking treasure haul unearthed in Scotland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-29582866|publisher=BBC News|date=12 October 2014|access-date=12 October 2014}}{{cite news | last=Rinaldi | first=Giancarlo | title=Galloway Viking hoard goes on public display in Edinburgh | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-40274540 | date=15 June 2017 | publisher=BBC News | access-date=11 August 2017 }}
|-
||
|| {{sort|0925|early 10th century}}
|| {{sort|North Yorkshire|Goldsborough}}
North Yorkshire
{{Coord|54.000|-1.415|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Goldsborough Hoard}}
|| 1859
|| British Museum, London
|| Fragments of Viking brooches and arm-rings, together with thirty-nine coins{{Cite web| title=Silver hoard from Goldsborough | publisher=British Museum | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/s/silver_hoard_from_goldsborough.aspx | access-date=14 July 2010 }}
|-
||File:Huxley Hoard 5 flattened bracelets.JPG
|| {{sort|0925|late 9th to 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Cheshire|Huxley, Cheshire}}
Cheshire
{{Coord|53.147|-2.733|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Huxley Hoard}}
|| 2004
|| World Museum, Liverpool
|| 22 silver pieces (including 20 flattened bracelets){{harvnb|Hitchcock|2006|pp=62–63, 214, 252}}
|-
||
|| {{sort|0925|late 9th to 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Herefordshire|Eye, near Leominster}}
Herefordshire
|| 2015
||
|| Over 300 coins, silver ingot, gold jewellery. The hoard was initially split and sold. Only 31 coins remain.{{cite news |title=Detectorists stole Viking hoard that 'rewrites history' |work=BBC News |date=21 November 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hereford-worcester-50461860}}
|-
|| File:Britishmuseumpenrithhoardbrooches.jpg
|| {{sort|0925|early 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Cumbria|Newbiggin Moor, near Penrith}}
Cumbria
{{Coord|54.650|-2.578|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Penrith Hoard}}
|| 1785–1989
|| British Museum, London
|| A number of silver penannular brooches{{Cite web| title=Silver 'thistle' brooch | publisher=British Museum | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/silver_thistle_brooch.aspx | access-date=14 July 2010 }}
|-
|| File:Silverdale Hoard group shot.jpg
|| {{sort|0900|early 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Lancashire|Silverdale}}
Lancashire
{{Coord|54.17|-2.83|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Silverdale Hoard}}
|| 2011
|| Museum of Lancashire, Preston, Lancaster City Museum
|| 201 silver objects inside a box made from a sheet of lead; comprising 27 coins (Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Viking, Frankish and Islamic), 10 arm rings, 2 finger rings, 14 ingots, 6 brooch fragments, 1 wire braid, and 141 pieces of hacksilver.{{cite web | url=http://finds.org.uk/news/stories/article/id/226 | title=Important Viking hoard highlights the continuing success of the Treasure Act and Portable Antiquities Scheme | date=14 December 2011 | publisher=Portable Antiquities Scheme | access-date=14 December 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104190948/http://finds.org.uk/news/stories/article/id/226 | archive-date=4 January 2012 }}
|-
||
|| {{sort|0960|mid 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Orkney|Bay of Skaill}}
Orkney
{{Coord|59.050|-3.337|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Skaill Hoard}}
|| 1858
|| National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
|| Over 100 items, including bracelets, brooches, hacksilver, and ingots{{Cite web| title=Skaill Hoard | publisher=National Museums Scotland | url=http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/results.php?query1=Skaill+Hoard&FULL=1&_IXSPFX_=z | access-date=14 July 2010 }}
|-
|
|10th century
|1891
|National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
|A collection of silver coins dating from the 10th century{{Cite web |title=Silver dirhams from the Storr Rock Viking Hoard|url=https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/storr-rock-viking-hoard/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=National Museums Scotland|language=en}}
|-
|| File:Lead weight, Talnotrie hoard.png
|| {{sort|0875|late 9th century}}
|| {{sort|Dumfries & Galloway|near Talntrie}}
|| 1912
|| Jewellery, metal-working material and coins
|-
| Vale of York Hoard
(Harrogate Hoard)
|| File:Harrogate Hoard uncleaned.jpg
|| {{sort|0925|early 10th century}}
|| {{sort|North Yorkshire|near Harrogate}}
North Yorkshire
{{Coord|53.99|-1.54|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Vale of York Hoard}}
|| 2007
|| British Museum, London
Yorkshire Museum, York
|| More than 617 silver coins, and 65 other items, including silver and gold armrings, neckrings and brooch fragments, as well as hacksilver, all placed inside a 9th-century gilt-silver vessel{{Cite web| title=Vale of York hoard | publisher=British Museum | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/v/vale_of_york_hoard.aspx | access-date=14 July 2010 }}
|-
||
|| {{sort|0913|early 10th century}}
|| {{sort|Lancashire|Warton, near Carnforth}}
Lancashire
{{Coord|54.147|-2.766|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Warton Hoard}}
|| 1997
|| Lancaster City Museum, Lancaster
|| 3 silver dirhems of the Samanid dynasty
6 pieces of cut silver weighing {{convert|116.49|g|oz|abbr=on}}{{harvnb|Bland|2000|pp=49–51, 128}}
|-
||
|| {{sort|0913|late 9th century}}
|| {{sort|Oxfordshire|Watlington}}
Oxfordshire
{{Coord|51.645|-1.000|type:landmark_region:GB_source:Wikimapia_scale:2000|name=Watlington Hoard}}
|| 2015
|| Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
|| About 210 silver coins from the reigns of Alfred the Great of Wessex and Ceolwulf II of Mercia, together with 15 silver ingots, 6 silver arm rings, 2 neck ring fragments, and one small piece of hack gold{{Cite web | last=Su | first=Minjie | title=The Watlington Hoard: The Viking Treasure that Marked the Foundation of England | url=http://www.medievalists.net/2017/12/watlington-hoard-viking-treasure-marked-foundation-england/ | date=10 December 2017 | access-date=13 December 2017 }}
|}
Later Medieval hoards
{{GeoGroup|section=Later Medieval hoards}}
Hoards dating to the later medieval period, from 1066 to about 1500, mostly comprise silver pennies, in some cases amounting to many thousands of coins, although the Fishpool Hoard contains over a thousand gold coins.
Post-Medieval hoards
{{GeoGroup|section=Post-Medieval hoards}}
Most hoards from the post-medieval period, later than 1500, date to the period of the English Civil War (1642–1651), from which time over 200 hoards are known.
See also
Notes
{{Reflist|group=note}}
Footnotes
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}
References
- {{Cite book | editor1-last=Barton | editor1-first=Caroline | editor2-last=Hitchcock | editor2-first=Fi | year=2008 | title=Treasure Annual Report 2005/6 | url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2005-6.pdf | publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112733/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2005-6.pdf | archive-date=1 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}
- {{Cite book|editor-last=Bland |editor-first=Roger |editor-link= Roger Bland |year=2000 |title=Treasure Annual Report 1998 – 1999 |url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport199899.pdf |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112519/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport199899.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}
- {{Cite book|editor1-last=Bland |editor1-first=Roger |editor2-last=Voden-Decker |editor2-first=Lisa |year=2002 |title=Treasure Annual Report 2000 |url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2000.pdf |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112414/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2000.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}
- {{Cite book|editor1-last=Bland |editor1-first=Roger |editor2-last=Voden-Decker |editor2-first=Lisa |year=2003 |title=Treasure Annual Report 2001 |url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2001.pdf |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112433/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2001.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}
- {{Cite book | editor1-last=Gannon | editor1-first=Anna | editor2-last=Voden-Decker | editor2-first=Lisa | editor3-last=Bland | editor3-first=Roger | year=2004a | title=Treasure Annual Report 2002 | url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2002.pdf | publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112551/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2002.pdf | archive-date=1 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}
- {{Cite book | editor1-last=Gannon | editor1-first=Anna | editor2-last=Voden-Decker | editor2-first=Lisa | editor3-last=Bland | editor3-first=Roger | year=2004b | title=Treasure Annual Report 2003 | url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2003.pdf | publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112628/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2003.pdf | archive-date=1 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}
- {{Cite book|editor-last=Hitchcock |editor-first=Fi |year=2006 |title=Treasure Annual Report 2004 |url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2004.pdf |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112657/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2004.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}
- {{Cite book|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=Michael |year=2009 |title=Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2007 |url=http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2007.pdf |publisher=Department of Portable Antiquities and Treasure, British Museum |isbn=978-0-9563795-1-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011060507/http://www.ncmd.co.uk/docs/treasurereport2007.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2011 }}
- {{Cite book | last=Metcalf | first=David Michael | year=1998 | title=An atlas of Anglo-Saxon and Norman coin finds, c.973–1086 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zldmAAAAMAAJ | publisher=Royal Numismatic Society | isbn=978-1-85444-110-2 }}
- {{Cite journal | last1=Youngs | first1=Susan B | last2=Clark | first2=John | title=Medieval Britain in 1981 | year=1982 | journal=Medieval Archaeology | volume=26 | url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol26/26_164_227_med_britain.pdf | pages=164–227 | doi= 10.1080/00766097.1982.11735441}}
External links
{{GeoGroup|article=Category:Lists of hoards in Britain}}
- [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/projects/hoards/index.list.html Checklist of Coin Hoards from the British Isles, c.450-1180]
{{Gold Hoards}}
{{Silver hoards}}
{{Treasure}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoards in Great Britain}}