List of longest-reigning monarchs

! rowspan="2" scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}

! class=unsortable rowspan="2" | Portrait

! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Name

! rowspan="2" scope="col" | State

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Reign

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Duration

! class=unsortable rowspan="2"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}}

! rowspan="2" | {{black|1={{abbr|No.|Number}}}}

! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | Portrait

! rowspan="2" | Name

! width=300 rowspan="2" | State

! colspan="2" | Reign

! colspan="2" | Duration

! rowspan="2" class=unsortable | {{abbr|Ref.|References|style=color:black}}

! class=unsortable rowspan="2" |Portrait

! rowspan="2" | Name

! rowspan="2" | Country

! colspan="2" | Reign

! rowspan="2" | Duration
(approx. years)

! class=unsortable rowspan=2 | {{abbr|Ref.|References|style=color:black}}

| Min Hti{{Cite web|title=Longest ever reigns|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-ever-reigns|access-date=2021-01-22|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB}}

| {{em|Launggyet Dynasty of Arakan}} (Myanmar)

| {{Dts|1279}}

| {{Dts|1374}}

| 95 years
{{NoteTag|Possibly reigned about 1295–1370.}}

|

| Pepi II Neferkare{{NoteTag|Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point, however, to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.}}

| {{em|Egypt (Old Kingdom)}}

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

| 94 years {{small|(disputed)}}

| {{sfnp|Jürgen von Beckerath|1997|p=151}}

| {{em|Goguryeo}} (Korea)

| {{Dts|53}}

| {{Dts|146}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| 93 years {{small|(disputed)}}

|{{Cite web |date=11 September 2024 |title=태조왕 (太祖王) |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0059038 |website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture}}

| Bhirkot (Nepal)

| {{Dts|1912}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|2001|3|6}}

| 89 years

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=BHIRKOT |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/nepal/bhirkot.html |access-date=2025-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817011629/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/nepal/bhirkot.html |archive-date=17 August 2018 }}{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Remembering Rishikesh Shaha, a great Nepali diplomat of all time |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/remembering-rishikesh-shaha-a-great-nepali-diplomat-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com |language=en}}

| Nintoku{{NoteTag|While the chronology of his reign is disputed, his existence is generally accepted by most historians.}}

| {{em|{{Flag|Japan}}}} (Kofun period)

| {{Dts|313}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| {{Dts|399}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| 86 years {{small|(disputed)}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|work=Kunaicho.go.jp|access-date=5 February 2022}}

| {{em|Quraysh}} (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)

| {{Dts|497}}

| {{Dts|578}}

| 81 years

|{{cite web|url=https://www.yabeyrouth.com/8073-%D8%A2%D9%84-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%B1-2|access-date=20 October 2018|title=Banu Najjar}}

|Sundem (Portuguese India)

|{{Dts|1763}}

|{{Dts|1843}}

|80 years

|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=uLfl-WcHGRYC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1843 |title=Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon |date=1936 |publisher=Who's Who Publishers (India) Limited |language=en}}

| {{em|Oium}} (Ukraine)

| {{Dts|296}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| {{Dts|376}}

| rowspan="2" | 80 years {{small|(disputed)}}

|{{cite book |last=Heather |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Heather |year=1991 |title=Goths and Romans 332–489 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=86–89 |isbn=0-19-820234-2 }}

| {{em|Hariphunchai}} (Thailand)

| {{Dts|669}}{{NoteTag|Other sources put his start date as 679 or 688.}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| {{Dts|749}}

|{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}

| {{em|Goguryeo}} (Korea)

| {{Dts|412}}

| {{Dts|491}}

| rowspan="2" |79 years

|{{Cite web |date=11 September 2024 |title=장수왕[長壽王] - 한 세기를 지배한 고구려 전성기의 군주 |url=http://contents.history.go.kr/mobile/kc/view.do?levelId=kc_n101700&code=kc_age_10}}

|{{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Este (1).svg}} Este and San Martino in Rio (Holy Roman Empire)

|{{Dts|1653}}

|{{dts|1732|8|28|format=dmy}}

|{{cite book|author=Clinio Cottafavi |date=1885 |pages=103–104 |publisher=Atesa Editrice |title=San Martino in Rio – Ricerche storiche}}

| An Dương Vương

| {{em|Âu Lạc}} (Vietnam)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

| 78 years {{small|(disputed)}}

|{{citation|author=Ngô Sĩ Liên|authorlink=Ngô Sĩ Liên|script-title=zh:大越史記全書 |trans-title=Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Complete Annals of Đại Việt|trans-chapter=Thục Dynasty|script-chapter=zh:蜀紀 |url=https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/大越史記全書/外紀卷之|series=Peripheral Records |volume=1 |page=6a |language=zh |quote=王於是築城于越裳，廣千丈，盤旋如螺形，故號螺城。|trans-quote=The King then built a citadel at Việt Thường, one-thousand-zhàng wide, whirling and swirling like the shape of a snail. Therefore, it was called Old Snail City (Loa Thành).}}{{better source needed|date=May 2024|reason=此页面目前没有内容。您可以在其他页面内搜索此页面标题，搜索相关日志，或创建此页面。: [This page currently has no content. You can search this page title within other pages, search related logs, or create this page.]}}

| Bidasar (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1727}}

| {{Dts|1805}}

| 78 years

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=BIDASAR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817143859/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bidasar.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{em|Ziyadid dynasty}} (Yemen)

| {{Dts|904}}

| {{Dts|981}}

| rowspan="4" |77 years

|G. Rex Smith: Political History of Islamic Yemen up to the First Turkish Invasion. pp. 136–154, here: 137.

| Rajouri (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1683}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1760|11|12}}

|{{Cite web | url=https://rajouri.nic.in/history/#:~:text=The%20renowned%20Rajas%20of%20this,Raja%20Izzat%20Ullah%20Khan%20(1762 | title=History | Rajouri,Government of Jammu and Kashmir | India }}

| Mirian III

| {{em|Kingdom of Iberia}} (Georgia)

| {{Dts|284}}

| {{Dts|361}}

|{{cite book | last=Brunner | first=Christopher | title=The Cambridge History of Iran | chapter=Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=14 April 1983 | pages=747–777 | doi=10.1017/chol9780521246934.004 | editor-last=Fisher | editor-first=W. B. | publication-place=Cambridge | isbn=0-521-06935-1 | oclc=745412}}

| Patna (Mughal Empire, later Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1685}}

| {{Dts|1762}}

|{{cite web |title=Patna (Princely State) |url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/patna.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522161452/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/patna.html |archive-date=22 May 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Khandpara.png}} {{em|Khandpara}} (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1599}}

| {{Dts|1675}}

| rowspan="4" |76 years

|Great Britain India Office. The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.

| {{Flagicon image|DEU Oberstadion COA.svg}} Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1666}}

| {{dts|1742|1|2|format=dmy}}

|{{cite encyclopedia |year=1878 |title=Stadion, das Grafenhaus, Genealogie |encyclopedia=Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich |publisher=Kaiserlich-königliche Hof-und Staatsdruckerei |location=Wien |url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96:Stadion,_das_Grafenhaus,_Genealogie |access-date=2023-07-10 |last=Wurzbach |first=Constantin von |volume=37 |pages=22–25 |language=de |oclc=842058440 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917195243/https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96:Stadion,_das_Grafenhaus,_Genealogie |archive-date=2023-09-17 |url-status=live}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the State of Dir 2.svg}} Dir
(Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1676}}

| {{Dts|1752}}

|{{cite book|title=Who's Who in the Dir, Swat and Chitral Agency – Corrected up to 1st September 1933 |url=http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/1933.pdf |access-date=2013-07-31|year=1933|publisher=The Manager Government of India Press |location=New Delhi}}

|William I the Elder

|Sayn-Wittgenstein (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1494}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1570|4|18}}

|{{Cite book |last=Lünig |first=Johann Christian |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HPxXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA914&dq=Sayn-Wittgenstein+1570&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk0-XukYCMAxU_XUEAHUjiDKUQ6AF6BAgFEAM |title=Das Teutsche Reichs-Archiv: Spicilegium Seculare Des Teutschen Reichs-Archivs, Worinn Viel merckwürdige Bündnisse, Reichs- und Friedens-Schlüsse, Erb- Verbrüder- und Vereinigungen, Recesse, Verträge und Vergleiche ... so wohl Die Röm. Käyserliche Majestät, als auch Chur-Fürsten und Stände des Heiligen Römischen Reichs, ingleichen Die Italiänischen Fürsten und Herren ... und Municipal-Städte betreffen. 4 |date=1719 |publisher=bey Friedrich Lanckischens Erben |language=de}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Saraikela State.svg}} Saraikela (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1743}}

| {{Dts|1818}}

| rowspan="5" |75 years

|{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCMKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA82 |title=The Imperial gazetteer of India / Vol. 22, Samadhiāla to Singhāna |chapter=Saraikela |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 |location=Oxford |page=82 |oclc=236161822 |access-date=2023-07-10 |last1=Cotton |first1=James Sutherland |last2=Burn |first2=Richard |last3=Meyer |first3=William Stevenson}}{{vn|date=February 2025|reason=Source mentions Abhiram Singh, but has no details of his reign.}}

| {{em|Kingdom of Iberia}} (Georgia)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{sfnp|Rapp|2014|p={{pn|date=February 2025}}}}

| {{em|Shang dynasty}} (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book |title=夏商周断代工程报告 |publisher=科学出版社 |year=2022 |isbn=9787030722874 |editor=夏商周断代工程专家组 |location=北京 |language=zh |oclc=1375156963 }}

| Vakhtang I Gorgasali

| {{em|Kingdom of Iberia}} (Georgia)

| {{Dts|447}}

| {{Dts|522}}

|Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts, p. 320. Peeters Publishers, {{ISBN|90-429-1318-5}}

| {{em|Chera dynasty}} (India)

| {{Dts|55}}

| {{Dts|130}}

|{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=60–61}}

| Sponheim-Starkenburg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1324}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1398|12|30}}

| rowspan="3" |74 years

|{{Cite book |last=Mötsch |first=Johannes |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YmoTAQAAMAAJ&q=Graf+Johann+III.+von+Sponheim+1398&dq=Graf+Johann+III.+von+Sponheim+1398&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOvvmTkYCMAxVRW0EAHdPaAfwQ6AF6BAgJEAM#1398 |title=Regesten des Archivs der Grafen von Sponheim, 1065-1437: 1065-1370 |date=1987 |publisher=Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz |isbn=978-3-922018-56-8 |language=de}}

| Sambhar (India)

| {{Dts|720}}

| {{Dts|794}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=BHADAWAR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825181241/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhadawar.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{em|Hariphunchai}} (Thailand)

| {{Dts|1197}}

| {{Dts|1271}}

|

| Deria Hassan

|{{Flagicon image|Isaaq Flag.svg}} Isaaq Sultanate (British Somaliland from 1884)

| {{Dts|1870}}

| {{Dts|1943}}

| rowspan="4" |73 years

|{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=209}}

| Gangesvara Anantvarman Chodaganga Deva

| {{em|Eastern Ganga}} (India)

| {{Dts|1077}}

| {{Dts|1150}}

|{{cite web |url= http://www.asianart.com/articles/patachitra/index.html#4 |title=Bernard Cesarone: Pata-chitras of Orissa |first=Bernard |last= Cesarone|work=asianart.com |year=2012 |quote=This temple was built between approximately 1135–1150 by Codaganga |access-date=2 July 2012}}

| Bedla (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1608}}

| {{Dts|1681}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-08 |title=BEDLA |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808232750/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bedla.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Tezozomoc

| {{em|Azcapotzalco}} (Mexico)

| {{Dts|1353}} {{small|(disputed)}}

| {{Dts|1426}}

|{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Tetzotzomoc|year=1889}}

| Bentheim-Bentheim (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1731}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1803|2|19}}

| rowspan="3" |72 years

|{{Cite book |last=Verzijl |first=J. H. W. |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B0YC55a-GTEC&dq=%22Bentheim-Bentheim%22&pg=PA394&redir_esc=y |title=International Law in Historical Perspective |date=1970-12-31 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=978-90-218-9050-0 |language=en}}

| Syunik (Armenia)

| {{Dts|1094}}

| {{Dts|1166}}

|{{cite book |author=Robert H. Hewsen |chapter=The Kingdom of Arc’ax |title=Medieval Armenian Culture |series=University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies |volume=6 |editor1=Thomas J. Samuelian and |editor2=Michael E. Stone |location=Chico, California |publisher=Scholars Press |date=1984 |pages=42–68 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/hewsen-1983-kingdom-artsakh |url=https://archive.org/details/medievalarmenian0000drhm/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-89130-642-9}}

| {{em|{{Flag|Kelantan}}}} (Malaysia)

| {{Dts|1267}}

| {{Dts|1339}}

|{{cite book|editor=Norman Suratman |author=Zakiah Hanum |title=Asal-usul negeri-negeri di Malaysia |trans-title=Origins of Malaysian states |language=ms |date=2004 |publisher=Times Editions-Marshall Cavendish |location=Singapore |isbn=9812326081 |edition=2nd}}

| Arwa al-Sulayhi

| {{em|Sulayhid Sultanate}} (Yemen)

| {{Dts|1067}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1138|5|5}}

| rowspan="3" | 71 years

|{{citation |last=Haeri |first=Shahla |year=2020 |title=The Unforgettable Queens of Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-55489-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nljPDwAAQBAJ |pages=89–105}}

| Heinrich VIII the Noble

| Fürstenberg-Wolfach (Holy Roman Empire)

| Late {{Dts|1419}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1490|11|30}}

|{{Cite web |date=27 May 2017 |title=Hausach Chronik Online: Graf Heinrich VI, einer der beliebtesten Fürstenberger |url=http://www.hausach-chronik-online.de/jahreszahlen/1400/1432-1490/herrschaft-des-graf-heinrich-vi-im-kinzigtal/graf-heinrich-vi-einer-der-beliebtesten-fuerstenberger/ |access-date=2024-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527064415/http://www.hausach-chronik-online.de/jahreszahlen/1400/1432-1490/herrschaft-des-graf-heinrich-vi-im-kinzigtal/graf-heinrich-vi-einer-der-beliebtesten-fuerstenberger/ |archive-date=27 May 2017 }}

| Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet (China)

| {{Dts|1491}}
{{Dts|1556}}

| {{Dts|1554}}
{{Dts|1564}}

|{{cite book |author=Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa |year=1967 |pages=86–88 |title=Tibet: A Political History |publisher=Yale University Press}}

| State of Qi (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

| rowspan="8" |70 years

|Records of the Grand Historian, Vol. 36.{{fcn|date=February 2025}}

| Aarberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1427}}

| {{Dts|1497}}

|{{Citation |title=Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz |date=11 March 2024 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historisch-Biographisches_Lexikon_der_Schweiz |access-date=2024-09-28 |language=de}}

| {{Flagicon image|DEU Oberstadion COA.svg}} Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1530}}{{NoteTag|His start date is also sometimes given as 1537}}

| {{Dts|1600}}

|

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of State of Chitral.svg}} Chitral (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1585}}

| {{Dts|1655}}

|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QI1ZAAAACAAJ |title=Chitral: A Study in Statecraft, 1320–1969 |date=2004 |publisher=IUCN Pakistan, Sahrhad Programme |isbn=978-969-8141-69-1 |language=en}}

| {{em|Oubritenga}} (Nigeria)

| {{Dts|1441}}

| {{Dts|1511}}

|{{Cite journal |last=Tiendrebeogo |first=Yamba |date=1963 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |journal=Journal des Africanistes |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=7–46 |doi=10.3406/jafr.1963.1365}}

| Kingdom of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite web|title=The first king of Anuradhapura|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/030608/funday/1.htm#1|work=Funday Times|publisher=Sunday Times|access-date=12 December 2011}}

| Shapur II{{NoteTag|Shapur II was crowned {{lang|la|in utero}}: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.}}

| {{em|Sasanian Empire}} (Iran)

| {{Dts|309}}

| {{Dts|379}}

|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5AcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |title=Sasanian Iran in the Context of Late Antiquity: The Bahari Lecture Series at the University of Oxford |date=1 February 2021 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-46066-9 |language=en}}

| Kingdom of Sikkim{{NoteTag|Dominated by Nepal until 1816 and then by the British.}}

| {{Dts|1793}}

| {{Dts|1863}}

|{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=H. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7gIVNzkN2YC&dq=Chakdor+Namgyal&pg=PA80 |title=Sikkim: Past and Present |date=2004 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-932-4 |language=en}}

| Isenburg-Grenzau (1220-1258)
Isenburg-Limburg (1258-1289)
(Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1220}}

| {{Dts|1289}}

| rowspan="6" |69 years

|{{cite journal|last=Crecelius |first=Wilhelm |year=1879|title=Gerlach I.-IV. |journal=Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie |publisher=Duncker & Humblot|location=Leipzig |volume=9|page=5|language=German}}

| Henry VI

| County of Gorizia (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1385|5|6}}

| {{Dts|1454}}

|{{Cite web |title=Dizionario biografico dei friulani |url=https://www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it/enrico-iv/ |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=www.dizionariobiograficodeifriulani.it}}

| Lambagraon-Kangra (British Raj)

| {{Dts|1864}}

| {{Dts|1933}}

|{{Cite book |last=Arjun Das Vasudev |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08590 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers volume VII part a Kangra District, 1924–25 with map |date=1926 |publisher=Lahore, Superintendent, Government Press}}

| Atraula (British Raj)

| {{Dts|1865}}

| {{Dts|1934}}

|{{Cite web |date=2016-12-01 |title=BILASPUR-ATRAULA |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201220548/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/atraula.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Balunda (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1573}}

| {{Dts|1642}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=BALUNDA |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816011623/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/balunda.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg}} County of Lippe (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1275}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1344|8|10}}

|{{cite book |author=Gustav Engel |title=Dorf, Amt und Stadt Enger. Ein Beitrag zu ihrer Geschichte |series=Beiträge zur Stadtgeschichte |volume=1 |place=City of Enger |publisher=Enger |year=1981 |pages=37 ff}} This is a shortened, supplemented and corrected reprint from {{cite book |title=Enger, ein Heimatbuch zur Tausendjahrfeier der Widukindstadt |place=City of Enger |publisher=Enger |year=1948}}

| Alberto Azzo II

| Margraviate of Milan and {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Este (1).svg}} Este
(Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1029}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1097|8|20}}

| rowspan="8" |68 years

|{{cite journal |title=Quelques caractéristiques des structures familiales en Lombardie, Emilie et Toscane aux XIe et XIIe siècles |first=Cinzio |last=Violante |journal=Publications de l'École Française de Rome |year=1977 |volume=30 |page=106 |language=fr}}

| Strzelce, Niemodlin, and South Poland (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1382|10|21}}

| {{Dts|1450}}

|{{Cite web |title=Piastowie opolsko-raciborscy |url=https://www.poczet.com/opolscy.htm |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=POCZET.COM}}

| Talcher State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1778}}

| {{Dts|1846}}

|{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=D. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8GXSR0SiF8C&dq=talcher+suryavanshi&pg=PA51 |title=People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher |date=1998 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-7156-739-3 |page=51 |language=en}}

| {{em|Yamatai}} (Japan)

| {{Dts|180}}

| {{Dts|248}}

|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iirrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Himiko+died+in+AD+247+or+248.%22 |title=The Rise of a Great Tradition: Japanese Archaeological Ceramics from the Jōmon Through Heian Periods (10,500 BC-AD 1185). |date=1990 |publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan |isbn=978-0-913304-30-3 |page=45 |language=en}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg}} {{em|Kedah Sultanate}} (Malaysia)

| {{Dts|1710}}

| {{Dts|1778}}

|{{cite journal |author=Basset, D. |date=1989 |jstor=41493132 |title=ANGLO-KEDAH RELATIONS 1688–1765 |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=1–17}}

| Hkun Ti

| Mongpawn (Myanmar)

| {{Dts|1860}}

| {{Dts|1928}}

|{{Cite book |date=1908 |chapter=Mongpawn |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India |volume=17 |page=408 |via=Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_414.gif |access-date=2024-10-06 |place=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press}}

| {{Flagicon image|DEU Oberstadion COA.svg}} Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1260}}

| {{Dts|1328}}

|

| {{Flagicon image|Mudhol flag.svg}} Mudhol State (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1737}}

| {{Dts|1805}}

|{{cite book |author=William Barton |title=The princes of India |place=Delhi |publisher=Cosmo |year=1983}}{{pn|date=February 2025}}

| {{Flagicon image|Blason fam be Ligne-Arenberg 1.svg}} Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{dts|1387}}

| {{dts|1454}}

| rowspan="7" |67 years

|Eheberedung vom 2. August 1418; Landesarchiv NRW Abteilung Rheinland Duisburg (AA 0581 / Heinsberg, Urkunden AA 0581, Nr. 311).

| Mallabhum State{{NoteTag|name=BI|British East India Company until 1858, British Raj from 1858.}}

| {{Dts|1809}}

| {{Dts|1876}}

| {{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |date=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8183242943 |page=41}}

| {{Flagicon image|Jhabuaflag.png}} Jhabua State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1610}}

| {{Dts|1677}}

|{{cite book |title=Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698–1765 |date=1993 |pages=185, 282 |isbn=978-81-206-0750-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1Z6yHKuwlUC&q=malwa+in+transition |last1=Sinh |first1=Raghubir |publisher=Asian Educational Services }}{{Cite book|title=Gujarat State Gazetteer |publisher=Government Press|year=1989|pages=3|quote=Alirajpur, Baria and Jhabua, which entered into treaties in 1817 AD were placed under the Bhopawar sub-agency}}

| {{em|{{Flag|Perak}}}} (Malaysia)

| {{Dts|1653}}

| {{Dts|1720}}

|{{Cite journal |last=Shukor |first=Jeragan Abdul |date=1907 |title=List of Graveyards of the Late Sultans of the State of Perak, Der-Ul-Rithuan, enquired into and visited by me, Stia Bijaya Di Raja, under instructions received from the Government |journal=Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |issue=48 |page=100 |jstor=41561088 |issn=2304-7534}}

| Osman Mahamuud/
Uthman III ibn Mahmud

| {{Flagicon image|23Flag(Plain)R.svg}} Majeerteen Sultanate
(Italian Somaliland from 1889)

| {{Dts|1860}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1927|9|30}}

|Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg}} Sultanate of Gowa (Dutch East Indies)

| {{Dts|1826}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1893|1|30}}

|{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Noelle|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places |publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=978-1-136-63979-1|page=900}}

| Bhadri (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1748}}

| {{Dts|1815}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-08 |title=BHADRI |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808194619/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhadri.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Busi (British Raj)

| {{Dts|1882}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1948|1|1}}{{NoteTag|Abdicated on 15 August 1947, with effects from 1 January 1948 following the dissolution of the British Raj but lived until 1963.}}

| rowspan="9" |66 years

|{{Cite web |date=2018-04-14 |title=BUSI |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414231625/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/busi.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Eberhard I

| Katzenelnbogen Junior (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1245}}

| {{dts|format=dmy|1311|8|23}}

|{{Cite web |title=Hessische Biografie : Erweiterte Suche : LAGIS Hessen |url=https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/idrec/sn/bio/id/3425 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=www.lagis-hessen.de}}

| Song State (China)

| {{Dts|517}}

| {{Dts|451}}{{NoteTag|Alternatively his death date is put as 469. Might have co-reigned with his son until 451}}

|陈絜：《商周姓氏制度研究》，商务印书馆2007年6月第1版，第49页。ISBN 7100053277

| Otto I

| Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1318}}

| {{Dts|1384}}

|Fritz Schülin: Rötteln-Haagen, Beiträge zur Orts-, Landschafts- und Siedlungsgeschichte, Lörrach 1965; p. 65.

| Bastar State (India)

| {{Dts|1468}}

| {{Dts|1534}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-08 |title=BASTAR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808190831/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bastar.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Ramesses II

| {{em|Egypt (New Kingdom)}}

| 31 May {{Dts

| Late July or Early August {{Dts

| {{sfnp|Jürgen von Beckerath|1997|p=190}}

| Robert I{{NoteTag|Robert I was in co-rule with his brother Edward II until 1352}}

| {{Flagicon image|Bar Arms.svg}}Duchy of Bar (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1344|12}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1411|4|12}}

| {{cite journal |title=The Crusade of Nicopolis, Burgundy, and the Entombment of Christ at Pont-a-Mousson |first=Christoph |last=Brachmann |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume= 74 |year=2011 |page=156|doi=10.1086/JWCI41418733 }}

| Anlo Ewe (Ghana)

| {{Dts|1840}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1906|1|22}}

|{{cite book |last=Kumassah |first=Agbotadua |date=2009 |title=The migration saga of the Anlo-Ewes of Ghana |edition=2nd}}

| Zhao Tuo{{NoteTag|Historians debate whether he was a Chinese or Vietnamese ruler (named Triệu Vũ Đế))}}

| {{em|Nanyue}}

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book|title=China and Vietnam: the politics of asymmetry|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006 |author=Brantly Womack|isbn=0-521-85320-6|page=100}}

| Catherine de' Medici

| Auvergne (France)

| {{Dts|1524}} {{NoteTag|Sometimes her aunt Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne's death is given as June 1524 or {{Dts|format=dmy|1524|6|16}} (see for example her French wikipedia article), though sources seem to be laking for such specific dates and so she remains here. If sources are found for 16 June, she can be moved into the second section with {{Ayd|1524|6|16|1589|1|5}} as her reign length}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1589|1|5}}

| rowspan="8" |65 years

|Strage, Mark (1976). Women of Power: The Life and Times of Catherine de' Medici. London and New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. Prologue, p. xi.

| Pathari State{{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1794}}

| {{Dts|1859}}

|[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_035.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 29.]{{fcn|date=February 2025}}

| Nevers (France)

| {{Dts|1192}}

| {{Dts|1257}}

|{{cite book |title=The White Nuns: Cistercian Abbeys for Women in Medieval France |last=Berman |first=Constance H. |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2018 |page=91}}

| Tarakote Raj{{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1804}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1869|1|21}}

|{{Cite journal|last=RATH|first=SRINIBAS|title=Some Socio-Economic Aspects of Abolition of Zamindari System in Orissa |date=1992|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=53|pages=436–439|jstor=44142822 |issn=2249-1937}}

| Raja Raj Ram Singh I

| {{Flagicon image|Sitamau state flag.png}} Sitamau State {{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1802}}

| {{Dts|1867}}

|[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_057.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 51.]{{fcn|date=February 2025}}

| {{em|Pallava Empire}} (India)

| {{Dts|731}}

| {{Dts|796}}

|{{cite book|title=The world of Tamil merchants |author=Kanakalatha Mukund|publisher=Penguin |date=2015 |page=17}}

| Pharnavaz I

| {{em|Kingdom of Iberia}} (Georgia)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{sfnp|Rapp|2014|p=203}}{{cite book |last=Rayfield |first=Donald |date=2013 |title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=23}}

| Song State (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|钱穆.《先秦諸子繫年考辨》宋前後亦有二昭公。《韓詩外傳》六，《賈子先醒篇》並有昭公出亡反國事，皆指後昭公言。而高誘注《呂覽》，謂春秋時子罕殺宋昭公。（見《召類》。）此當由戰國時子罕與後昭公同時，擅權逐君，高氏誤記，遂謂在春秋時也。（梁玉繩《呂子校補》則謂高注子罕殺昭公為無據。）據此則翟當與宋後昭公同時。

| {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Anhalt_Duchies.svg}} Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{dts|format=dmy|1405|1|19}}

| {{dts|1469}}

| rowspan="7" |64 years

|

| Amoghavarsha

| {{em|Rashtrakuta Empire}} (India)

| {{Dts|814}}

| {{Dts|878}}

|M. V. Krishna Rao (1936), The Gangas of Talkad: A Monograph on the History of Mysore from the Fourth to the Close of the Eleventh Century, p. 80.

| {{Flagicon image|Hennenberg ZW.png}} Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild
(Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1292}}

| {{Dts|1356}}

|Detlev Schwennicke: Europäische Stammtafeln, Neue Folge, Band XVI., Tafel 144–149, Verlag: Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1995, ISBN 3-465-02741-8

| {{em|Udaipur State}} (India)

| {{Dts|878}}

| {{Dts|942}}

|{{Cite book |last=Meininger |first=Irmgard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=Khuman+III+of+udaipur |title=The Kingdom of Mewar: Great Struggles and Glory of the World's Oldest Ruling Dynasty |date=2000 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0144-0 |language=en}}

| Alelal-Bijapur (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1732}}

| {{Dts|1796}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-05-28 |title=BIJAPUR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528202735/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/alelal.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Beja{{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1841}}

| {{dts|1905|6|20|format=dmy}}

|Hunter, Sir William Wilson. The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Londres: Trübner & co., 1885.

| State of Qi (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book |title=Shiji (史记) |editor=Han Zhaoqi (韩兆琦) |year=2010 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7-101-07272-3 |language=Chinese |pages=2513–2514}}

| Vitré (France)

| {{Dts|1072}}

| {{Dts|1135}}

| rowspan="11" |63 years

|

| Kingdom of Kano (Nigeria)

| 998/999

| 1063/1064

| {{cite book |last=Aderinto |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZAwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 |title=African Kingdoms: An Encyclopedia of Empires and Civilizations |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61069-580-0 |page=113}}{{cite journal |translator-last=Palmer |translator-first=Herbert Richmond |translator-link=Richmond Palmer |title=The Kano Chronicle |journal=Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=38 |year=1908 |pages=58–98 |doi=10.2307/2843130 |jstor=2843130 |url=https://archive.org/stream/v38a39journalofro38royauoft#page/n87/mode/2up |last1=Palmer |first1=H. R. }}{{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Herbert Richmond |year=2019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKqbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT341 |title=Sudanese Memoirs |pages=341–343|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-60370-9 }}

| {{em|Mengüjek}} (Turkey)

| {{Dts|1162}}

| {{Dts|1225}}

|{{Cite web |title=MENGÜCÜKLÜLER |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mengucukluler |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}

| {{em|Kakatiya dynasty}} (India)

| {{Dts|1199}}

| {{Dts|1262}}

|{{cite book |author=P.V.P. Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |year=1978 |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 |page=106}}

| Kirchberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1686}}

| {{Dts|1749}}

|

| Bhadawar {{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1839}}

| {{Dts|1902}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=BHADAWAR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825181241/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhadawar.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{em|Mali Empire}}

| {{Dts|1496}}

| {{Dts|1559}}

|{{cite journal |last1=Turchin |first1=Peter |last2=Adams |first2=Jonathan M. |last3=Hall |first3=Thomas D. |title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States |page=222 |journal=Journal of World-Systems Research |volume=XII |issue=II |date=2006}}

| {{flag|Garhwal Kingdom}} (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1709}}

| {{Dts|1772}}

|{{Cite book |last=Rawat |first=Ajay Singh |title=Garhwal Himalaya: A Study in Historical Perspective |publisher=Indus Publishing Company |year=2002 |isbn=9788173871368 |pages=22}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kutlehar State.svg}} Kutlehar State (British Raj)

| {{Dts|1864}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1927|11|22}}

|{{Cite book|author= |title=Gazetteer of the Kangra District: 1883–84. Kangra |date=1994|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-024-8 |page=74|language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8tCfhaVcul4C&dq=at+least+two+of+the+ruling+families+of+kangra&pg=PA74}}

| {{em|Western Ganga}} (India)

| {{Dts|725}}

| {{Dts|788}}

|{{Cite book |last=Adiga |first=Malini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEpuAAAAMAAJ&q=shripurusha+katta |title=The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the Early Medieval Period |date=2006 |publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Limited |isbn=978-81-250-2912-0 |language=en}}

| {{em|Sena dynasty}} (India)

| {{Dts|1096}}

| {{Dts|1159}}

|{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=35–36}}

| {{em|Wogodogo}} (Nigeria)

| {{Dts|1681}}

| {{Dts|1744}}

|

|{{cite book |last1=Rupley |first1=Lawrence |last2=Bangali |first2=Lamissa |last3=Diamitani |first3=Boureima |year=2013 |title=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso |edition=3rd |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6770-3 |page=150}}

| {{em|Gurjaradesa}} (India)

| {{Dts|1178}}

| {{Dts|1240}}

| rowspan="6" |62 years

|{{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |year=1956 |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |oclc=4413150 }}{{pn|date=February 2025}}

| Montfort-Pfannberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1482}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1544|5}}

|{{cite magazine |author=Karl Heinz Burmeister |date=2009 |title=Graf Georg III. von Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg (ca. 1475/80 – 1544). Eine biographische Skizze |journal=Montfort. Vierteljahresschrift für Geschichte und Gegenwart Vorarlbergs |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=7–25 |url=http://www.vorarlberg.at/pdf/m091burmeistergeorg.pdf |isbn=978-3-85430-344-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115133547/http://www.vorarlberg.at/pdf/m091burmeistergeorg.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2013 |via=vorarlberg.at |language=de}}

| Kamta-Rajaula State {{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1812}}

| {{dts|format=dmy|1874|10|23}}

|{{Cite web |title=KAMTA RAJAULI (Princely State) |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kamtarajaula.html |website=World of Royalty |access-date=20 January 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410074716/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kamtarajaula.html}}

| {{em|Miskito Nation}} (Nicaragua and Honduras)

| {{Dts|1625}}

| {{Dts|1687}}

|M. W. "The Mosqueto Indian and his Golden River", in Awnsham Churchill, A Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1732), vol. 6, p.288.

| {{em|{{flag|Garhwal Kingdom}}}} (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1552}}

| {{Dts|1614}}

|

| Bardhaman Raj (Bengal Subah, later British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1770}}

| {{Dts|1832}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-28 |title=BURDWAN |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828075019/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/burdwan.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{Flag|Brunei}}

| {{Dts|1597}}

| {{Dts|1659}}

| rowspan="12" |61 years

|{{Cite book |last=Museum |first=Sarawak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34ZNAQAAIAAJ&q=Sultan+Abdul+Jalilul+Akbar:+Marhum+Tua |title=The Sarawak Museum Journal |date=2 December 1997 |publisher=Sarawak Museum |pages=265 |language=ms}}

| {{em|Dendi State}} (Niger)

| {{Dts|1700}}

| {{Dts|1761}}

|{{Cite book |last=Walther |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VwbW3e751EC&q=1703&pg=PA98 |title=Affaires de patrons: villes et commerce transfrontalier au Sahel |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-3-03911-468-9 |language=fr}}

| {{Flagicon image|Bhavnagar.jpg}} Bhavnagar State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1703}}

| {{Dts|1764}}

|{{Cite book |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha |language=en |page=492 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhavsinhji%20I%20Ratansinhji}}

| {{em|Sparta}} (Greece)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite journal |author=E. I. McQueen |title=Some Notes on the Anti-Macedonian Movement in the Peloponnese in 331 B.C. |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=40–64 [60] |jstor=4435583 |date=First Quarter 1978}}

| {{em|Laighin}} (Ireland)

| {{Dts|1417}}

| {{Dts|1478}}

|{{Cite book |last=Ulwencreutz |first=Lars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpQlBgAAQBAJ&dq=Donnchadh+MacMurrough+Kavanagh&pg=PA46 |title=Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V |date=2013-10-30 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-304-58135-8 |language=en}}

| {{em|Silla}} (Korea)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts|4}}

|{{Cite web |title=스카이데일리, 백제인 출신 신라 2대왕 남해왕 |url=https://www.skyedaily.com/news/news_view.html?ID=138684 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.skyedaily.com}}

| Leon II

| {{em|Abasgia}} (767–778), {{em|Abkhazia}} (778–828)

| {{Dts|767}}

| {{Dts|828}}

|Vakhushti Bagrationi, The History of Egrisi, Abkhazeti or Imereti, part 1.{{fcn|date=February 2025}}

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the County of Urgell.svg}} Urgell (Catalonia, Spain)

| {{Dts|1347}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1408|6}}

|Lucas Alamán; Manuel Orozco y Berra. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008591357 Diccionario universal de historia y de geografía]. p. 152. {{inlang|es}}.{{fcn|date=February 2025}}

| {{em|Armenia}}

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite book |last=Marciak |first=Michał |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwEtDwAAQBAJ&q=Orontes+III |title=Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West |date=2017-07-31 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-35072-4 |language=en}}

| Solms-Braunfels (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1349}}

| {{Dts|1410}}

|{{Cite web |title=House of Solms |url=https://europeanheraldry.org/germany/mediatised-states/princely-counts/house-solms/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=European Heraldry}}

| {{em|Sirohi}} (India)

| {{Dts|1250}}

| {{Dts|1311}}

|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_cvAQAAIAAJ&q=%C2%A0Vijayraj+Singh+1250+1311 |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en}}

| Manderscheid (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1206}}

| {{Dts|1267}}

|{{Cite book |last=Watanabe |first=Morimichi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCMfDAAAQBAJ&dq=Winnemar+of+Manderscheid&pg=PT297 |title=Nicholas of Cusa - A Companion to his Life and his Times |editor-last=Christianson |editor-first=Gerald |date=2016-05-06 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-08751-9 |language=en}}

| Æscwine

| Kingdom of Essex (England)

| {{Dts|527}}

| {{Dts|587}}

| rowspan="25" |60 years

|{{cite journal |last=Yorke |first=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Yorke |year=1985 |title=The Kingdom of the East Saxons |journal=Anglo-Saxon England |volume=14 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1017/S0263675100001253}}

| Kingdom of Akure (Nigeria)

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1897|6|22}}

| {{dts|1957}}

|{{Cite web |title=WUMIONE |url=http://www.gamji.com/article3000/NEWS3671.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.gamji.com}}

| Kilwa Sultanate (Tanzania)

| {{dts|1023}}

| {{dts|1083}}

|{{Cite book |last=Theal |first=George McCall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7YoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA239 |title=Records of South-Eastern Africa: Collected in Various Libraries and Archive Departments in Europe |date=1900 |publisher=Government of the Cape Colony |language=en}}

| {{em|Western Ganga}} (India)

| {{Dts|469}}

| {{Dts|529}}

|{{cite book |author=Suryanath U. Kamat |title=A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |date=2001 |oclc=634688073}}

| Cleopatra II

| {{em|Egypt (Ptolemaic)}}

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2011-05-23 |title=Ptolemaic Dynasty -- Cleopatra II root |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_ii_fr.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523081805/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_ii_fr.htm |archive-date=23 May 2011 }}

| {{em|Akyem Kotoku}} (Ghana)

| {{Dts|1867}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1927|9|25}}

|{{Cite news |date=2019-11-24 |title=Journey of the Kotokus |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Journey-of-the-Kotokus-801829# |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241217200716/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Journey-of-the-Kotokus-801829 |archive-date=2024-12-17 |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}

| Jigni State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1730}}

| {{Dts|1790}}

|{{Cite web |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 14, page 165 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_171.gif |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}

| County of Castell (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1289}}

| {{Dts|1349}}

|{{cite book |last=Meyer |first=Otto |year=1979 |chapter=Das Haus Castell. Landes- und Standesherrschaft im Wandel der Jahrhunderte |page=14 |editor1=Meyer, Otto |editor2=Kunstmann, Helmut |title=Castell: Landesherrschaft, Burgen, Standesherrschaft |volume=37 |series=Neujahrsblätter |isbn=9783768690515}}

| Schwarzburg–Hallermund (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1266}}

| {{Dts|1326}}

|{{Cite web |title=Upper Saxon Circle |url=https://worldleadersindex.org/upper-saxon-circle.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=worldleadersindex.org}}

| {{Flagicon image|Talcher state flag.png}} Talcher State (India)

| {{Dts|1651}}

| {{Dts|1711}}

|

| Tabanan (Dutch East Indies)

| Mid {{Dts|1843}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1903|11|21}}

|{{Cite book |last=Nordholt |first=H. G. C. Schulte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUVlAAAAQBAJ&q=Gusti+Ngurah+Agung&pg=PA85 |title=The Spell of Power: A History of Balinese Politics, 1650-1940 |date=2010-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-25375-9 |language=en}}

| Salm-Blankenburg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1301}}

| {{Dts|1361}}

|{{Cite book |last=Grote |first=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCF8q-zEhQIC&dq=heinrich+ii+1301+1361&pg=PA157 |title=Münzstudien |date=1877 |publisher=Hahn |language=de}}

| Hiero II

| {{em|Syracuse}} (Sicily, Italy)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Polybius, Histories, book 1, The Rise of Hiero II |url=https://archive.today/20241028191043/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plb.+1.8 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=archive.ph}}

| Isenburg-Cleeberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1167}}

| {{Dts|1227}}

|

| Khingila I

| {{em|Alchon Huns}} (India)

| {{Dts|430}}

| {{Dts|490}}

|{{Cite journal |last=Dhavalikar |first=M. K. |date=1971 |title=A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan |journal=East and West |volume=21 |issue=3/4 |pages=331–336 |jstor=29755703 |issn=0012-8376}}

| Dhundhar (India)

| {{Dts|1216}}

| {{Dts|1276}}

|{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1998-07-02 |title=Jaipur (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/jaipur |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}

| {{em|Kingdom of Sitawaka}} (Sri Lanka)

| {{Dts|1521}}

| {{Dts|1581}}

|{{Cite web |title=Features {{!}} Sundayobserver.lk - Sri Lanka |url=https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2011/04/17/fea28.asp |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=archives.sundayobserver.lk}}

| {{em|Bubi Kingdom}} (Nigeria)

| {{Dts|1700}}

| {{Dts|1760}}

|{{Cite web |title=The Kings of Bioko |url=https://www.africafederation.net/Bioko_Kings.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.africafederation.net}}

| {{em|Anuradhapura Kingdom}} (Sri Lanka)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2017-02-01 |title=1 Suppa Devi |url=https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen3000.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201051127/https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen3000.html |archive-date=1 February 2017 }}

| {{em|Kingdom of Glywysing}} (Wales)

| {{Dts|480}}

| {{Dts|540}}

|{{Cite web |last=Kessler |first=P. L. |title=Kingdoms of Cymru Celts - Cernyw / Glywyssing |url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/CymruGlywyssing.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=The History Files |language=en}}

| Phromkuman

| {{em|Singhanavati}} (Thailand)

| {{Dts|1029}}

| {{Dts|1089}}

|{{Cite web |date=2021-09-11 |title="ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา |work=Chiang Mai News |url=https://www.chiangmainews.co.th/page/archives/881733/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |archive-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911004420/https://www.chiangmainews.co.th/page/archives/881733/ }}

| {{em|Vakataka}} (India)

| {{Dts|275}}

| {{Dts|335}}

|{{cite book |author1=A.S. Altekar |title=The Vakataka-Gupta Age |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsi Dass |isbn=9788120800434 |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |page=90 |editor2-last=Altekar |editor2-first=A.S.}}

| County of Bar (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1033}}

| {{Dts|1093}}

|{{Cite web |title=Sophie of Upper Lorraine Countess of Sundgau-Pfirt |language=de |url=http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bar_haus/sophie_von_oberlothringen_graefin_von_sundgau_pfirt_+_1093.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604152651/http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bar_haus/sophie_von_oberlothringen_graefin_von_sundgau_pfirt_+_1093.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}

| Sri Pravarasena II

| {{em|Alchon Huns}} (India)

| {{Dts|530}}

| {{Dts|590}}

|{{Cite book |last1=Guand-da |first1=Zhang |last2=Litvinsky |first2=B. |last3=Shabani Samghabadi |first3=R. |date=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC&pg=PA169 |title=History of civilizations of Central Asia: The Crossroads of Civilization: A.D. 250 to 750 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |isbn=978-92-3-103211-0 |page=169 |language=en}}

| Phaltan State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1570}}

| {{Dts|1630}}

|{{Cite book |last=Shrivastavya |first=Vidayanand Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Vg9AAAAMAAJ&q=Vangoji+II+1570-1630 |title=Elements Amongst the Marathas |date=1952 |publisher=D.K. Shrivastavya for Aitihasik gaurava grantha mala |language=en}}

| {{em|Kodungallur Chera}} (India)

| {{Dts|962}}

| {{Dts|1021}}

| rowspan="18" |59 years

|http://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume6/55.pdf {{deadlink|date=February 2025}}

| {{em|Alupa dynasty}}

| {{Dts|1156}}

| {{Dts|1215}}

|{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=King Kulashekara Alupendra I |website=Insights IAS |language=en-US |url=https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/10/25/king-kulashekara-alupendra-i/ |access-date=2025-02-16}}

| {{em|Xia dynasty}} (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2019-09-04 |title=Xia |url=http://espanol.cri.cn/chinaabc/chapter14/chapter140101.htm |access-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904123319/http://espanol.cri.cn/chinaabc/chapter14/chapter140101.htm |archive-date=2019-09-04}}

| {{em|Tashir-Dzoraget}} (Armenia)

| {{Dts|989}}

| {{Dts|1048}}

|Garsoïan, Nina G. “The Independent Kingdoms of Medieval Armenia” in The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: vol. 1: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, p. 172.

| Kulottunga I

| Eastern Chalukyas, then Cholas

| {{Dts|1061}}

| {{Dts|1120}}

|{{Cite book |last=Balasubrahmanyam |first=S. R. |year=1979 |chapter=Chapter I – Kulottunga I (a.d. 1070 to 1125) |chapter-url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/south-asia/book/later-chola-temples/d/doc211946.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |title=Later Chola Temples |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/south-asia/book/later-chola-temples |via=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}

| {{Flagicon image|Dhenkanalflag.png}} Dhenkanal State (India)

| {{Dts|1531}}

| {{Dts|1590}}

|{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS DHENKANAL |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Dhenkanal_Gazetteer.pdf |pages=21–37 |date=2014 }}{{citation |title=History |publisher=Govt of Odisha |url=https://dhenkanal.nic.in/history/ }}

| State of Chen (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book |author=司马迁 |url=http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7036 |title=史記·卷036 |publisher=中文维基文库 |quote=陳胡公滿者，虞帝舜之後也。昔舜為庶人時，堯妻之二女，居於媯汭，其後因為氏姓，姓媯氏。 |access-date=2011-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927012434/https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7036 |archive-date=2020-09-27 |url-status=live}}

| John the Magnificent

| Poitou (France)

| {{Dts|1357}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1416|6|15}}

|{{Cite web |title=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berry, John - Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Berry,_John |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}

|{{Flagicon image|Rajgarhflag.png}} Rajgarh (Mughal Empire)

|{{Dts|1638}}

|{{Dts|1697}}

|{{cite book |last1=Luard |first1=C.E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35238 |title=Western States (Malwa) Gazetteer, Volume V |date=1908 |publisher=British India Press |location=Bombay |pages=83–105 |access-date=14 May 2021}}

| Jagir of Maler (1600–1657)
Malerkotla (1657–1659) (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1600}}

| {{Dts|1659}}

|{{Cite web |last=Chavan |first=Akshay |date=2020-01-10 |title=Malerkotla: A Begum in a Roofless Palace |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/monuments/malerkotla-a-begum-in-a-roofless-palace?srsltid=AfmBOorfpnWTaUtywCIofdKB7DozZtqd4DCBFFsQJfN7JGTBu97oeMjA |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=PeepulTree |language=en}}

| Basoda State{{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1800}}{{pb}}{{Dts|1822}}{{NoteTag|Had a interruption between 1818 and 1822 but later regained it in 1822, counting both of his periods he had a reign of 59 years.}}

| {{Dts|1817}}{{pb}}{{Dts|1864}}

|{{Cite book |last=Bhopal) |first=Shāh Jahān̲ Begam (Nawab of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLU9AAAAIAAJ&dq=Asad+Ali+Khan+of+Basoda&pg=PA55 |title=The Táj-ul Ikbál Tárikh Bhopal, Or, The History of Bhopal |date=1876 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |language=en}}

| Tübingen (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1317}}

| {{Dts|1376}}

|[http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/plink/?f=1-35073 Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Document from 1328]

| Sri Tegin Shah

| {{em|Turk Shahis/Kabul Shahis}} (Afghanistan)

| {{Dts|680}}

| {{Dts|739}}

|{{cite book |last1=Vondrovec |first1=Klaus |url=https://www.academia.edu/880242 |title=Coins, Art and Chronology II – The First Millennium C.E. in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands (Coinage of the Nezak) |page=183 |language=en}}

| County of Toulouse (France)

| {{Dts|978}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1037|9|30}}

|Thierry Stasser, "Adélaïde d'Anjou. Sa famille, ses mariages, sa descendance", Le Moyen Age 103,1 (1997): 9–52

| Jülich (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1219}}

| {{Dts|1278}}

|Walther Möller, Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter (Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14.

| Wu Ding

| Shang dynasty (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2004-06-04 |title=Chinese History - Shang Dynasty rulers (www.chinaknowledge.org) |url=http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-rulers.html |access-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604074314/http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-rulers.html |archive-date=2004-06-04}}

| Bastar State

| {{Dts|1410}}

| {{Dts|1468}}

| rowspan="17" |58 years

|

| Gomani II Phillip{{NoteTag|He had Regents until 1921.}}

| {{em|Maseko}} (Malawi)

| {{Dts|1896}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1954|5|12}}

|{{cite book |last=Ross |first=Andrew |title=Colonialism to Cabinet Crisis |date=2009 |publisher=Kachere |page=39}}

| {{em|Isaaq Sultanate}} (Somaliland)

| {{Dts|1750}}

| {{Dts|1808}}

|{{Cite book |last=Rashid Jama |title=Sheekadii Magan Suldaan Guuleed "Magan-Gaabo" (circa 1790-1840) |date=2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/SheekadiiMaganSuldaanGuuleedmagan-gaabocirca1790-1840}}

| Harald I Fairhair

| {{em|{{Flag|Norway}}}}

| {{Dts|872}}

| {{Dts|930}}

|{{Cite book |last=Lincoln |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yuOBAAAQBAJ |title=Between History and Myth: Stories of Harald Fairhair and the Founding of the State |date=September 2014 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-14092-6 |language=en}}

| Henry II

| Baden-Hachberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1231}}

| {{Dts|1289}}

| {{citation |author=Johann Christian Sachs |title=Einleitung in die Geschichte der Marggravschaft und des marggrävlichen altfürstlichen Hauses Baden |volume=1 |pages=398–414 |year=1764 |location=Frankfurt and Leipzig}}, {{Google books|yXsAAAAAcAAJ|Online|398-414}}

| Isenburg-Grenzau (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1220}}

| {{dts|format=dmy|1278|9|29}}

|

| {{em|Kingdom of Burundi}}{{NoteTag|Part of German East Africa from 1890.}}

| {{Dts|1850}}

| {{Dts|1908}}

|{{Cite journal |date=1995 |title=Burundi: Descent into Chaos or a Manageable Crisis? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/14.1-2.128 |journal=Refugee Survey Quarterly |volume=14 |issue=1–2 |pages=128–171 |doi=10.1093/rsq/14.1-2.128 |issn=1020-4067|url-access=subscription }}

| {{em|Zhou dynasty}} (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book |last=Sima |first=Qian |author-link=Sima Qian |title=The Grand Scribe's Records, Vol. 1: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China (Volume I) |date=1995 |publisher=Indiana University Press |editor1=William H. Nienhauser Jr |location=Bloomington, Indiana}}

| {{em|Chera Dynasty}} (India)

| {{Dts|130}}

| {{Dts|188}}

|{{Cite book |last=Subbarayalu |first=Y. |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-concise-history-of-south-india-9780198099772 |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |editor-last=Karashima |editor-first=Noburu |location=New Delhi |pages=49–50 |chapter=Early Tamil Polity}}{{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=K. A. Nilakanta |title=Comprehensive History of India, vol. 2: The Mauryas and Satavahanas |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1957 |isbn= |location=Bombay |pages=504–18 |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/comprehensive-history-india-vol-ii-mauryas-and-satavahanas}}

| {{Flagicon image|Suket flag.svg}} Suket (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1663}}

| {{Dts|1721}}

|{{Cite book |last=Archer |first=W. G. |title=Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills |publisher=Sotheby Parke-Bernet |year=1973 |volume=1: Text |pages=420–422}}B. R. Beotra, ed. Gazetteer of the Suket State. (1927)

| Jaisalmer State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1762}}

| {{Dts|1820}}

|{{Cite book |last1=Tod |first1=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BBTEAAAQBAJ&dq=mulraj+ii+of+jaisalmer+1762&pg=PA1234 |title=Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (3 Vols): Or the Central and Western Rajput State of India |last2=Crooke |first2=William |date=2010-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0380-0 |language=en}}

| {{em|Gurjara-Pratihara}} (India)

| {{Dts|960}}

| {{Dts|1018}}

|{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Prabir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fy0rEQAAQBAJ&dq=Rajapala+960%E2%80%931018&pg=PT131 |title=India - Glimpses of her Journey : 500000 BCE till Today |date=2024-10-15 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-89556-846-0 |language=en}}

| {{em|Karnata}} (India)

| 1227

| 1285

|{{cite journal |author=CPN Sinha |year=1970 |title=Decline of the Karnatas of Mithila |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=32 |pages=79–84 |jstor=44141053}}

| Rudolph I

| Saxe-Wittenberg (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1298}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1356|3|12}}

|{{Cite web |title=Digitale Bibliothek - Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum |url=https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016410/images/index.html?seite=198 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=daten.digitale-sammlungen.de}}

| Kamadhia (British Raj)

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1863|8|21}}

| {{Dts|1921}}

|Alphabetical List of Title-Holders in India, other than Ruling Chiefs, corrected to 31st December 1907 (with appendix). IOR (L/PS/20/H91/2), Oriental & India Office Collection, British Library, St Pancras, London.

| {{em|Tuoba Clan}} (China)

| {{Dts|219}}

| {{Dts|277}}

|{{Cite book |last=Liu |first=Puning |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSkGEAAAQBAJ&dq=Tuoba+Liwei&pg=PA26 |title=China's Northern Wei Dynasty, 386-535: The Struggle for Legitimacy |date=2020-12-21 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-28314-3 |language=en}}

| Kingdom of Kano (Nigeria)

| 1136

| 1194

|

| Bentheim-Bentheim (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{Dts|1364}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1421|11|2}}

| rowspan="20" |57 years

|{{Cite book |last=Leo |first=Heinrich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPIrAQAAIAAJ&dq=Bernhard+I+of+Bentheim-Bentheim+1421&pg=PA447 |title=Vorlesungen über die Geschichte des deutschen Volkes und Reiches |date=1867 |publisher=E. Anton |language=de}}

| Aq Qoyunlu (Iran)

| {{Dts|1378}}

| {{Dts|1435}}

|{{cite book |author=Facts On File, Incorporated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&q=qara+osman&pg=PA31 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781438126760 |page=31}}

| Khurda Kingdom (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1736}}

| {{Dts|1793}}

|{{Cite web |last=Dash |first=Abhimanyu |date=June 2012 |title=The Legitimacy of the Maharaja of Puri Relating to Feudatories and the Car Festival |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2012/June/engpdf/40-43.pdf |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=Magazines.odisha.gov.in}}

| {{em|Habr Yunis Sultanate}} (Somaliland)

| {{Dts|1797}}

| {{Dts|1854}}

|{{cite book |last=d'Abbadie |first=Antoine |title=Géographie de l'Ethiopie: ce que j'ai entendu, faisant suite à ce que j'ai vu |publisher=Mesnil |year=1890 |isbn=9781173215750 |page=334}}

| Jaswant Singh

| Nabha (British East India Company)

| {{Dts|1783}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1840|5|22}}

|{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1993 |chapter=Chapter 14 - The Phulkian Misl}}

| {{em|Qi}} (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite web |author=Sima Qian |author-link=Sima Qian |script-title=zh:齐太公世家 |trans-title=House of Duke Tai of Qi |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_032.htm |accessdate=14 May 2012 |work=Records of the Grand Historian |publisher=Guoxue.com |language=Chinese}}

| Auxerre (France)

| {{Dts|1304}}

| {{Dts|1361}}

|{{Cite book |last1=Plantet |first1=L. |title=Essai sur les monnaies du comté de Bourgogne : depuis l'époque gauloise jusqu'à la réunion de la Franche-Comté à la France, sous Louis XIV |last2=Jeannez |first2=L. |date=1855 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53170016r/f115.item |trans-title=Essay on the coins of the county of Burgundy: from the Gallic era to the reunion of Franche-Comté with France, under Louis XIV |language=fr}}

| Pharasmanes I the Great

| {{em|Kingdom of Iberia}} (Georgia)

| {{Dts|1}}

| {{Dts|58}}

|

| Baghal State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1670}}

| {{Dts|1727}}

|{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=prithvi+chand+of+baghal&pg=PA123 |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |language=en}}

| {{em|Oyo Empire}} (Nigeria)

| {{Dts|1300}}

| {{Dts|1357}}

|{{cite book |last=akinwumi |first=ogundiran |author-link=Akinwumi Ogundiran |title=The Yoruba: A New History |date=2020 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253051509}}

| Mithridates VI

| {{em|Pontus}} (Turkey)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite web |date=2013-05-20 |title=Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus |url=http://www.livius.org/mi-mn/mithridates/mithridates.htm |access-date=2025-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520051737/http://www.livius.org/mi-mn/mithridates/mithridates.htm |archive-date=20 May 2013 }}

| {{em|Mihrabanid dynasty}}

| {{Dts|1261}}

| {{Dts|1318}}

|Bosworth, C.E. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.

| Kingdom of Dyfed (Wales)

| {{Dts|740}}

| {{Dts|797}}

|Ingram, James (trans.) From The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Everyman's Library (London), 1823. Accessed 12 Feb 2013.

| Anandpur State (British Raj)

| {{Dts|1871}}

| {{Dts|1928}}

|{{Cite web |date=2019-04-23 |title=ANANDPUR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423144931/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/anandpur_sodhi.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Sargon

| {{em|Akkadian Empire}} (Iraq)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite book |last=Foster |first=Benjamin R. |title=The Age of Agade: inventing empire in ancient Mesopotamia |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-138-90971-7 |location=London ; New York, NY}}

| Emirate of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates)

| {{Dts|1879}}

| {{Dts|format=dmy|1936|12|31}}

|{{Cite book |last=Lorimer |first=John |title=Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf |publisher=British Government, Bombay |year=1915 |pages=781}}

| {{em|Lan Xang}} (Laos)

| {{Dts|1637}}

| {{Dts|1694}}

|John Holt (2009). Page 70. Spirits of the Place: Buddhism and Lao Religious Culture. University of Hawaii Press.

| Orontes I

| {{em|Armenia}}

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{Cite book |last=Chahin |first=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OR_PHoKZ6ycC&q=Orontes+I |title=The Kingdom of Armenia: A History |date=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1452-0 |language=en}}

| Vseslav II Bryachislavich{{NoteTag|He also ruled Russia for a brief period between 1068 and 1069.}}

| {{em|Polotsk}} (Belarus)

| {{Dts|1044}}

| {{Dts|1101}}

|{{cite book |last1=Morby |first1=John E. |title=Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198604730 |location=Oxford |page=167}}

| Zhaoxiang

| {{em|Qin}} (China)

| {{Dts

| {{Dts

|{{cite book |author=Nicola Di Cosmo |author2=Michael Loewe |author3=Edward L. Shaughnessy |year=1999 |chapter=The Northern Frontier in Pre-Imperial China |title=The Cambridge History of Ancient China |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-47030-8 |page=961}}

| Nalagarh State (Maratha Empire)

| {{Dts|1705}}

| {{Dts|1761}}

| rowspan="13" |56 Years

|{{Cite book |last=Chaitanya |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDo6x0OAdqAC&q=bhup+chand&pg=PA102 |title=A History of Indian Painting |date=1976 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |language=en}}

| Genghis Khan

| {{em|Khamag Mongol}} (1171–1206)

{{em|Mongol Empire}} (1206–1227)

| {{Dts|1171}}

| {{Dts|1227|8|25|format=dmy}}

|{{Cite book |last=Weatherford |first=Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Y9B5uHQcAC |title=Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World |date=2005-03-22 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-307-23781-1 |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2025-02-10 |title=Genghis Khan {{!}} Biography, Conquests, Achievements, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Genghis-Khan |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}

| Gruffudd ap Cynan

| {{em|Gwynedd}} (Wales)

| {{Dts|1081}}

| {{Dts|1137}}

|{{Cite web |title=GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN (c. 1055 - 1137), king of Gwynedd {{!}} Dictionary of Welsh Biography |url=https://biography.wales/article/s-GRUF-APC-1055 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=biography.wales}}

| {{em|{{ill|Dar Qimr|ca|vertical-align=sup}}}} (Sudan)

| {{Dts|1879}}

| {{Dts|1935}}

|{{Cite book |last1=Kapteijns |first1=Lidwien |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkIuAQAAIAAJ&q=Idris+Ibn+Abi+Bakr+dar+qimr |title=After the Millennium: Diplomatic Correspondence from Wadai and Dâr Fûr on the Eve of Colonial Conquest, 1885-1916 |last2=Spaulding |first2=Jay |date=1988 |publisher=African Studies Center, Michigan State University |language=en}}

| Adooka {{NoteTag|name=BI}}

| {{Dts|1839}}

| {{Dts|1895}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-07-23 |title=AROOKA |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723091444/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/arooka.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=web.archive.org}}

| {{em|Balhae}} (Korea)

| {{Dts|737}}

| {{Dts|793}}

|{{Cite web |date=2012-03-10 |title=A Concise History of Korea |url=http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/neasia/korea.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310145552/http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/neasia/korea.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}

| {{em|Kakatiya dynasty}} (India)

| {{Dts|995}} / {{Dts|1000}}

| {{Dts|1051}} / {{Dts|1052}}

|{{Cite book |last=Sastry |first=Putcha Vasudeva Parabrahma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ&q=Garuda+Beta |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |date=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |language=en}}

| Danta State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1687}}

| {{Dts|1743}}

|{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1980-12-03 |title=Danta (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/danta_state |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}

| Jafarabad State (Mughal Empire)

| {{Dts|1677}}

| {{Dts|1733}}

|{{cite book |title=The African dispersal in the Deccan: from medieval to modern times |author=Shanti Sadiq Ali |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}

| Bhadaura (India)

| {{Dts|1371}}

| {{Dts|1427}}

|{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=BHADAWAR |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825181241/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhadawar.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=web.archive.org}}

| Porbandar State (British India)

| {{Dts|1757}}

| {{Dts|1813}}

|{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1574 |title=Porbandar (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/porbandar |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}

| Kota Pinang (Dutch Indonesia from 1816)

| {{Dts|1815}}

| {{DTS|1871}}

|{{Cite book |last=Bustamam (Tengku.) |first=Ferry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8FwAAAAMAAJ&q=Mustafa |title=Bunga rampai Kesultanan Asahan |date=2003 |publisher=F. Bustamam |language=id}}

| County of Montbéliard (Holy Roman Empire)

| {{DTS|1227|6|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1283}} / {{dts|1284|1|format=dmy}}

|{{Cite web |title=BURGUNDY KINGDOM - MONTBELIARD |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/burgkmontb.htm#ThierryIIIMontbeliarddied1283 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=archive.wikiwix.com}}