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List of mammals of Latvia

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{{Use British English |date=October 2020}}

There are fifty-six mammal species in Latvia, of which one is endangered, four are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
LR/cdLower risk/conservation dependentSpecies which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/ntLower risk/near threatenedSpecies which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lcLower risk/least concernSpecies for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: [[Rodent]]ia (rodents)

Image:Gartenschlaefer-drawing.jpg]]

Image:Siebenschlaefer glis glis.jpg]]

Image:Water.vole.arp.jpg]]

Image:D3 Apodemus Agrarius.jpg]]

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to {{convert|45|kg|abbr=on}}. Three species of rodents (voles) have been discovered only in recent three decades: European pine vole,Baltrūnaitė, L. 2010. Microtus subterraneus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1836: A new mammal species for the Latvian fauna. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 20 (1): 37–38. East European vole,Zagorodnjuk, I., M. Masing, V. Peskov. 1991. Põld-uruhiire teisikliigid Eestis [Sibling species of Common Vole in Estonia]. Eesti Loodus, No. 11: 674–678. and tundra vole.Balčiauskas, L. 2014. New mammal species for Latvia, the root vole (Microtus oeconomus). Zoology and Ecology, 24 (3): 187–191.

Order: [[Lagomorpha]] (lagomorphs)

Image:Running hare.jpg

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Lepus
  • European hare, L. europaeus {{IUCN status|LC}}{{Cite iucn |title=Lepus europaeus |name-list-style=amp |author1=Hacklande, K. |author2= Schai-Braun, S. |year=2019 |page=e.T41280A45187424}}
  • Mountain hare, L. timidus {{IUCN status|LC}}{{cite iucn |title=Lepus timidus |name-list-style=amp |author1=Smith, A.T. |author2= Johnston, C.H. |date=2019 |page=e.T11791A45177198}}

Order: [[Erinaceomorpha]] (hedgehogs and gymnures)

Image:Igel01.jpg]]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: [[Soricomorpha]] (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

File:Sorex minutus.jpg]]

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: [[Chiroptera]] (bats)

Image:Wasserfledermaus-drawing.jpg

Image:Nyctalus noctula.jpg

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: [[Cetacea]] (whales)

Image:Porpoise touching.jpg]]

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
  • Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
  • Genus: Balaena
  • North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis CR or functionally extinct in the eastern Atlantic[http://www.fmap.ca/ramweb/media/biodiversity_loss/downloads/RegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf Regional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013955/http://www.fmap.ca/ramweb/media/biodiversity_loss/downloads/RegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf |date=2015-09-24}}
  • Family: Balaenopteridae
  • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
  • Genus: Balaenoptera
  • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN[http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415090735/http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml |date=2016-04-15}}[http://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Region-Rostock/Rostock/Finnwal-in-der-Ostsee-gesichtet Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet][http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/panorama/Angler-filmt-Wal-in-Ostsee-Bucht-id34821572.html Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht]
  • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC[http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1994 Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)] - MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network
  • Subfamily: Megapterinae
  • Genus: Megaptera
  • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC[http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415090735/http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml |date=2016-04-15}}[http://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Region-Rostock/Rostock/Finnwal-in-der-Ostsee-gesichtet Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet][http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/panorama/Angler-filmt-Wal-in-Ostsee-Bucht-id34821572.html Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht]
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
  • Family: Phocoenidae
  • Genus: Phocoena
  • Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
  • Family: Monodontidae
  • Genus: Delphinapterus
  • Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas VU[https://www.rgo.ru/en/projects/protection-endangered-species-beluga-white-whale/about-beluga About the beluga] - Russian Geographical Society
  • Family: Ziphidae
  • Genus: Mesoplodon
  • Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD[http://us.whales.org/news/2015/10/rare-sowerbys-beaked-whale-spotted-in-baltic-sea Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea - WDC]
  • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
  • Genus: Lagenorhynchus
  • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/lc
  • Genus: Tursiops
  • Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD[http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/217965,Baltic-dolphin-sightings-confirmed Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed – National]
  • Genus: Orcinus
  • Orca, Orcinus orca DD{{cite iucn |author=Reeves, R. |author2=Pitman, R.L. |author3=Ford, J.K.B. |date=2017 |title=Orcinus orca |volume=2017 |page=e.T15421A50368125 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

Order: [[Carnivora]] (carnivorans)

Image:Vulpes vulpes sitting.jpg

Image:Mustela nivalis (two, fighting).jpg

Image:Grey seal rhossili 1.jpg

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
  • Subfamily: Felinae
  • Genus: Lynx
  • Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC{{cite iucn |title=Lynx lynx |author=Breitenmoser, U. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Lanz, T. |author4=von Arx, M. |author5=Antonevich, A. |author6=Bao, W. |author7=Avgan, B. |name-list-style=amp |page=e.T12519A121707666 |year=2015}}
  • Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
  • Genus: Canis
  • Grey wolf, Canis lupus LC
  • Genus: Vulpes
  • Red fox, Vulpes vulpes LC
  • Family: Ursidae (bears)
  • Genus: Ursus
  • Brown bear, U. arctos LC{{cite iucn |title=Ursus arctos |author=McLellan, B. N. |author2=Proctor, M. F. |author3=Huber, D. |author4=Michel, S. |name-list-style=amp |volume=2017 |page=e.T41688A121229971 |date=2017}}
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  • Genus: Lutra
  • European otter, L. lutra NT{{cite iucn |title=Lutra lutra |author=Roos, A. |author2=Loy, A. |author3=de Silva, P. |author4= Hajkova, P. |author5=Zemanová, B. |year=2015 |page=e.T12419A21935287}}
  • Genus: Martes
  • European pine marten, M. martes LC
  • Genus: Meles
  • European badger, M. meles LC{{cite iucn |title=Meles meles |author=Kranz, A. |author2=Abramov, A. V. |author3= Herrero, J. |author4=Maran, T. |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |page=e.T29673A45203002}}
  • Genus: Mustela
  • Stoat, M. erminea LC
  • European mink, M. lutreola CR extirpated{{cite iucn |title=Mustela lutreola |author=Maran, T. |author2=Aulagnier, S. |author3=Libois, R. |author4=Kranz, A. |author5=Abramov, A. |author6=Wozencraft, C. |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |page=e.T14018A4381596}}
  • Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
  • European polecat, M. putorius LC
  • Genus: Neogale
  • American mink, N. vison {{IUCN status|LC}} introduced{{cite iucn |title=Neovison vison |name-list-style=amp |author1=Reid, F. |author2=Schiaffini, M. |author3=Schipper, J. |page=e.T41661A45214988 |year=2016}}
  • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
  • Genus: Halichoerus
  • Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC
  • Genus: Pusa
  • Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC

Order: [[Artiodactyla]] (even-toed ungulates)

Image:Capreolus capreolus 2 Jojo.jpg

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Bovidae
  • Subfamily: Bovinae
  • Genus: Bison
  • European bison, B. bonasus {{IUCN status|NT}} reintroduced{{cite iucn |title=Bison bonasus |author1=Plumb, G. |author2=Kowalczyk, R. |name-list-style=amp |author3=Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. |date=2020 |page=e.T2814A45156279}}
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
  • Genus: Cervus
  • Red deer, C. elaphus {{IUCN status|LC}}{{Cite iucn |title=Cervus elaphus |author=Lovari, S. |author2=Lorenzini, R. |author3=Masseti, M. |author4=Pereladova, O. |author5=Carden, R.F. |author6=Brook, S.M. |author7=Mattioli, S. |name-list-style=amp |page= e.T55997072A142404453 |year=2018}}
  • Genus: Dama
  • European fallow deer, D. dama {{IUCN status|LC}} introduced{{cite iucn |author=Masseti, M. |author2=Mertzanidou, D. |date=2008 |title=Dama dama |volume=2008 |page=e.T42188A10656554 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}
  • Subfamily: Capreolinae
  • Genus: Alces
  • Moose, A. alces {{IUCN status|LC}}{{Cite iucn |title=Alces alces |author=Hundertmark, K. |date=2016 |page=e.T56003281A22157381}}
  • Genus: Capreolus
  • Roe deer, C. capreolus {{IUCN status|LC}}{{cite iucn |title=Capreolus capreolus |author=Lovari, S. |author2=Herrero, J. |author3=Masseti, M. |author4=Ambarli, H. |author5=Lorenzini, R. |author6=Giannatos, G. |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |page=e.T42395A22161386}}
  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
  • Subfamily: Suinae
  • Genus: Sus
  • Wild boar, S. scrofa {{IUCN status|LC}}{{Cite iucn |title=Sus scrofa |name-list-style=amp |author=Keuling, O. |author2=Leus, K. |page=e.T41775A44141833 |date=2019}}

See also

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=LV&aquatic%5B0%5D=all®ions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus

|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Latvia

|publisher=IUCN

|year=2001

|access-date = 22 May 2007

}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

  • {{cite web

|url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/

|title=Mammal Species of the World

|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

|year=2005

|access-date=22 May 2007

|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427043030/http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/

|archivedate=27 April 2007

|url-status=dead

}}

  • {{cite web

|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html

|title=Animal Diversity Web

|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

|date=1995–2006

|access-date = 22 May 2007

}}

{{Europe topic|List of mammals of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mammals Of Latvia}}

Latvia

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