List of tallest buildings in Melbourne
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2022}}
Melbourne is home to approximately 758 completed high-rise buildings.{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/city/melbourne-australia|title=Melbourne|publisher=Emporis|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105051703/http://www.emporis.com/city/melbourne-australia|url-status=usurped}} Of those completed and or topped-out, 77 buildings are defined as "skyscrapers"–buildings which reach a height of at least {{convert|150|m}}; more than any other city in Australia. Overall, Melbourne's skyline ranks the tallest in the Oceania region and the 24th tallest in the world by the number of completed skyscrapers.[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/cities?list=buildings-150 Cities by Number of 150m+ Buildings – The Skyscraper Center]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 4 December 2022. Melbourne comprises five of the ten tallest buildings in Australia and the city has routinely hosted the tallest building in Australia to architectural feature or roof.[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&status=UCT&status=STO&min_year=0&max_year=9999®ion=0&country=11&city=0 Completed; Arch. Topped Out; Struct. Topped Out; Buildings in Australia – The Skyscraper Center]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 4 December 2022. {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}, the tallest building in Melbourne is the 100-storey Australia 108, which stands {{convert|317|m}} in height and whilst the second–tallest building in Australia, it is the tallest to roof.
Geographically, most of Melbourne's tallest skyscrapers are concentrated in the City Centre precinct; however, other locations of prominent skyscrapers and tall buildings in Melbourne include Box Hill, Carlton, Docklands, Southbank, South Melbourne, South Yarra and St Kilda Road. The Melbourne central business district, defined by a grid of streets known as the Hoddle Grid, has a historically low central shopping area with high rise cluster in the western financial district, and another cluster in eastern end. Buildings are more densely packed in the west than the east, although the east has two of the city's tallest buildings to architectural feature—120 Collins Street and 101 Collins Street, respectively, whilst the Rialto Towers (located on the west side) is tallest by roof. In the 2010s, another skyscraper cluster rose in the northern section, with Aurora Melbourne Central the tallest.
Historically, Melbourne has represented several "firsts" and been the holder of various records, both in Australia and internationally. The city is notable for being one of the first cities in the world to build numerous tall office buildings, alongside New York City and Chicago in the United States, though Melbourne's first skyscraper boom was very short lived, 1888–1892. Melbourne was the location for Australia's first high–rise, the APA Building, constructed during this boom in 1889.{{cite web| url=http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01383b.htm| title=Skyscrapers| publisher=School of Historical & Philosophical Studies, The University of Melbourne| accessdate=28 April 2020| archive-date=6 April 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406070613/http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01383b.htm| url-status=live}} Melbourne was also the location for the first modern post World War II high-rise in Australia, ICI House built in 1958. From 1986 to 2005, Melbourne's held the title of tallest building in Australia, with the Rialto Towers (1986–1991), 101 Collins Street (1991), and 120 Collins Street (1991–2005). Since 2006, the city has been home to the second-tallest building in the country, the Eureka Tower (2006–2020) and Australia 108 (2020–present); surpassed only by the Gold Coast's Q1, both the Eureka Tower, and later Australia 108, have maintained the title of tallest building in Australia to roof.
History and specifications
{{Further|Architecture of Melbourne}}
File:Aerial view of Melbourne in 1956. Image crop.png
File:Melbourne skyline - cropped and contrast.jpg in June 2015.]]
=19th century=
The late 1880s 'land boom' saw the construction of approximately a dozen 'lofty edifices' of 8 to 10 floors, made possible by the introduction of a pressurised hydraulic power network to operate lifts, and taking load bearing brickwork to great heights. The APA Building (Australian Building) at 12 floors plus spire, was by far the tallest, and can claim to be Australia's first 'skyscraper' and amongst the tallest building in the world when completed in 1889. Aside from the APA Building, a total of 11 'skyscrapers' were located in the Melbourne city centre during this period, including the Finks Building and 3 matching 'Prell's Buildings'. They were all built in an elaborate High Victorian style, with facades of stucco Renaissance Revival elements, except the APA building which was in red brick Queen Anne, prompting architectural historian Miles Lewis to comment that Melbourne had become a "Queen Anne Chicago".{{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=Jessica|title=Imperial Culture in Antipodean Cities, 1880-1939|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=978-1-137385-73-4|page=77}} All except two were torn down in the post war boom of the 1960s and 1970s, with the APA controversially demolished in 1981.
=20th century=
Following much discussion, a {{convert|40|m|ft|adj=mid}} height limit was introduced to Melbourne in 1916, along with regulations concerning fire-proof construction. This height is often said to have been the limit of fire ladders at the time, but this was an idea that the then fire chief allowed to be widely circulated even though the tallest ladder rose to only {{convert|25|m}}, in order to ensure that fire safety was paramount.Melbourne had suffered an enormous fire in 1897 which had burnt out nearly a whole city block, the 'Great Fire of Melbourne' The main reasons for the limit, as well as fire proofing, were the preservation of light and air to the streets, avoiding congestion, and the influence of the City Beautiful movement, preferring evenly scaled streetscapes over those with buildings of varying heights.{{cite book|last1=Mills|first1=Peter|title=The Limited City (Special Research Project, Master of Arts)|date=30 June 1997|location=Monash University}} The height limit remained in force for nearly 40 years, allowing only uninhabited 'architectural features' to project beyond the 40 metre limit. The Manchester Unity Building (1932), for instance, achieved a total height of {{convert|64|m}} to the top of its corner tower.
Melbourne was the first city in Australia to undergo a post-war high-rise boom beginning in the late 1950s, (though Sydney in the following decades built more) with over 50 high-rise buildings constructed between the 1970s and 1990s.{{cite web|url=http://www.epress.monash.edu/ag/ag060008.pdf|title=Time Series Analysis of the Skyline and Employment Changes in the CBD of Melbourne|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215737/http://www.epress.monash.edu/ag/ag060008.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=62468583&page=1|title=Melbourne Timeline Diagram|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142459/https://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=62468583&page=1|url-status=live}} ICI House (1955) was constructed after being granted a variation to the height limit; at a height of {{convert|81|m}}, the building was Australia's first modern high-rise.[http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/ici-building "National Heritage Places - Orica House (formerly the ICI Building) - National Heritage List"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530062517/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/ici-building |date=30 May 2015 }}. Australian Government: Department of the Environment. Retrieved 8 September 2015. Its variation was on the basis that the design included an open garden space at ground level, introducing the concept of floor area ratio, where a total allowable floor area is used instead of a specific height limit. This was formalised by 'plot ratios' of 1:8 to 1:12 for different areas of the CBD in the "Borrie Report" in 1964,{{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/33511557|title=Report on a planning scheme for the central business area of the City of Melbourne|last1=Borrie|first1=E. F.|last2=Council|first2=Melbourne|date=1964|publisher=[Melbourne : Melbourne City Council]|language=English}} which was modified into a series of 'plot ratio benefit' scheme in the early 1980s, where the upper level of floor area could only be achieved in return for certain public benefits, such as a public arcade. Plot ratios remained in force for every site until 1999, when the 'New Format' Planning Scheme included plot ratios for entire city blocks rather than individual sites, a control that was mostly ignored.{{Cite book|title=A History of Built Form Control in Central Melbourne|author=Ramsay Consulting|publisher=Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning|year=2016|isbn=|location=Melbourne|pages=}}
In 1972, 140 William Street (formerly BHP House) became Melbourne's first building to surpass the height of {{convert|150|m}}, and thus, Melbourne's first "skyscraper". The William Street building was the city's tallest for a few years, and remains one of the few heritage registered skyscrapers in Melbourne. Slightly taller, the Optus Centre was completed in 1975; and then in 1977 Nauru House was crowned the tallest building in Melbourne, at a height of {{convert|182|m}}. In 1978, what would be the first of two Collins Place towers was opened, at a height of {{convert|188|m}}.
By the early 1980s, Melbourne had a total of 6 buildings above {{convert|150|m}}, with the completion of the Wentworth (later Regent then Sofitel) Hotel at Collins Place in 1980. In 1986, the Rialto Towers surpassed Sydney's MLC Centre as the tallest building not only in Australia but in the Southern Hemisphere, with a height of {{convert|251|m}}. At the time of its opening, it was the 25th–tallest building in the world.[http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=DEM&function%5B%5D=office&function%5B%5D=residential&function%5B%5D=hotel&function%5B%5D=mixed-use&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=5&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=1986&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2019&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results Interactive Data – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313031513/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=DEM&function%5B%5D=office&function%5B%5D=residential&function%5B%5D=hotel&function%5B%5D=mixed-use&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=5&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=1986&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2019&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results |date=13 March 2018 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 30 August 2020. The 1990s brought Melbourne another 9 buildings over {{convert|150|m}}; 5 of which exceed heights of {{convert|200|m}}. Specifically, 1991 saw the construction of the {{convert|260|m|ft|adj=mid|-tall}} 101 Collins Street, which was crowned the tallest building in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere; it was surpassed in height later that year with the completion of the nearby 120 Collins Street.{{cite book|last1=MacMahon|first1=Bill|title=The Architecture of East Australia: An Architectural History in 432 Individual Presentations|date=2001|publisher=Edition Axel Menges|isbn=3-930698-90-0|pages=171–72|chapter=Melbourne}} The skyscraper, which stands at {{convert|266|m}} in height, held the titles for tallest building in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere for fourteen years, until the completion of the Gold Coast's Q1 in 2005.
=21st century=
File:AUS Melbourne, Central Business District, Federation Square, View 003.jpg (left) and Eureka Tower (right), were constructed in 2020 and 2006, respectively.]]
During the 2000s, over 20 high-rise structures were completed, including the Eureka Tower (2006), which overtook 120 Collins Street as the tallest building in Melbourne, and further became the second-tallest in Australia (although tallest to its roof).{{cite web|url=http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/skyscrapers.html|title=Melbourne's Tallest Buildings Timeline|publisher=Walking Melbourne|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-date=10 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310130759/http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/skyscrapers.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.propertyobserver.com.au/victoria/tallest-building-in-southern-hemisphere-approved-for-melbourne/2013031759915|title=Tallest building in Southern Hemisphere approved for Melbourne|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-date=6 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606230746/http://www.propertyobserver.com.au/victoria/tallest-building-in-southern-hemisphere-approved-for-melbourne/2013031759915|url-status=live}} Eureka Tower was also the tallest residential building in the world to roof, until surpassed by Ocean Heights and the HHHR Tower in Dubai. It is currently the 15th-tallest apartment building in the world.{{cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/buildings?list=tallest100-residential|title=List of tallest residential buildings in the world|publisher=Skyscraper Center|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081000/http://skyscrapercenter.com/buildings?list=tallest100-residential|url-status=dead}}
Construction trends significantly increased throughout the 2010s, which included the completion of Prima Pearl (2014) and Aurora Melbourne Central (2019), both of which exceed {{convert|250|m}} in height. Throughout the decade, the city experienced an "unprecedented" skyscraper construction boom,[http://www.smh.com.au/national/education/melbournes-going-skyhigh-but-so-are-complaints-about-planning-controls-20141019-116vxe.html#comments "Melbourne's going skyhigh but so are complaints about planning controls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708031206/http://www.smh.com.au/national/education/melbournes-going-skyhigh-but-so-are-complaints-about-planning-controls-20141019-116vxe.html#comments |date=8 July 2015}}. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2015.[http://theconversation.com/dormitory-city-melbournes-brittle-highrise-apartment-boom-18556 "Dormitory city: Melbourne's brittle highrise apartment boom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126090821/http://theconversation.com/dormitory-city-melbournes-brittle-highrise-apartment-boom-18556 |date=26 January 2015 }}. The Conversation. Retrieved 15 March 2015.Farnsworth, Sarah. (11 July 2014) [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-11/going-up-melbournes-building-boom/5591456 "Going up: Melbourne's building boom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518121935/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-11/going-up-melbournes-building-boom/5591456 |date=18 May 2015 }}. ABC News. Retrieved 27 April 2015. with 22 skyscrapers constructed between 2010 and 2019.[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2010&max_year=2019®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2010-2019]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 23 April 2022. This feat had been described as the "Manhattanization of Melbourne".McArthur, Grant. (23 September 2012). [http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/how-melbournes-city-will-turn-into-manhattan/story-e6frf7jo-1226474783490 "How Melbourne's city will turn into Manhattan"]. Herald Sun. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
During this period, new towers in the CBD had average plot ratios of 37:1.Lucas, Clay. (5 September 2015). [http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/new-cbd-rules-clamp-down-on-excessive-skyscraper-heights-and-densities-20150903-gjersp.html "New CBD rules clamp down on excessive skyscraper heights and densities"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101175435/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/new-cbd-rules-clamp-down-on-excessive-skyscraper-heights-and-densities-20150903-gjersp.html |date=1 November 2015 }}. The Age. Retrieved 31 October 2015. In September 2015, the Minister for Planning, Richard Wynne, introduced a 12-month height limit of approximately {{convert|229|m}} for all buildings proposed in the Melbourne central business district and segments of Southbank, along with interim planning laws that re-introduced a floor area ratio of 18:1, which could be exceeded up to a maximum of 24:1 only with the provision of certain public benefits. Should projects exceed the plot ratio, developers will need to make a special case to the Minister, outlining the proposal's state significance. These controls were made permanent in September 2016.(5 September 2015). [http://www.9news.com.au/national/2015/09/05/19/46/temporary-planning-rules-aim-to-preserve-melbournes-most-liveable-status#qIKopM6Q1jM8Jrck.99 "Temporary planning rules aim to preserve Melbourne's most-liveable status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907040312/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2015/09/05/19/46/temporary-planning-rules-aim-to-preserve-melbournes-most-liveable-status#qIKopM6Q1jM8Jrck.99 |date=7 September 2015 }}. 9News. Retrieved 8 September 2015. Buildings proposed prior to September 2015, such as Australia 108, which has a plot ratio of 46.6:1, were exempt from the new law.(5 September 2015). [http://www.afr.com/real-estate/victoria-clamps-down-on-highrise-apartment-towers-20150903-gjeask#ixzz3kpoerkwB "Victoria clamps down on high-rise apartment towers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907005149/http://www.afr.com/real-estate/victoria-clamps-down-on-highrise-apartment-towers-20150903-gjeask#ixzz3kpoerkwB |date=7 September 2015 }}. Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
The beginning of the 2020s saw the completion of Australia 108, which surpassed Eureka Tower as the tallest building in Melbourne and the tallest building in Australia to roof in 2020. It also became the Southern Hemisphere's first skyscraper to comprise at least 100 floors, and Melbourne's first building to be defined as a "supertall" skyscraper (buildings between the heights of {{convert|300|m}} to {{convert|599|m}}). In 2021, 12 skyscrapers were completed in the city[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2021&max_year=2021®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2021-2021]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 28 November 2022.— five more than the previous peak in 2020,[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2020&max_year=2020®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2020-2020]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 28 November 2022. and more than double prior peaks in 2017,[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2017&max_year=2017®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2017-2017]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 23 April 2022. 2005,[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2005&max_year=2005®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2005-2005]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 23 April 2022. and 1991.[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=1991&max_year=1991®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 1991-1991]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 23 April 2022. Among the tallest built in 2021 were West Side Place Tower A and Queens Place North Tower, both of which exceed {{convert|250|m}} in height. Of future skyscrapers, 6 have topped-out, 7 are under-construction, over 20 have received approval, and another few have been proposed. The tallest of these is the currently approved dual-skyscraper project STH BNK by Beulah. Tower 1 will rise to {{convert|354|m}} in height —supplanting Australia 108 as the tallest building in Melbourne and Q1 as the tallest building in Australia— whilst Tower 2 will rise to {{convert|273|m}}, taller than any other completed building in Australia outside of Melbourne and the Gold Coast.
The proliferation of skyscrapers in Australia over the past decades has also contributed to the city rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne.Haigh, Gideon. (7 September 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/07/melbourne-australia-first-skyscraper-ici-orica-house "Melbourne's bold leap upwards: the inside story of Australia's first skyscraper"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319213541/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/sep/07/melbourne-australia-first-skyscraper-ici-orica-house |date=19 March 2018 }}. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2018. Whilst the first skyscraper in Australia was constructed in Sydney in 1967 (Australia Square), Melbourne has had the most skyscrapers in the country and indeed within Oceania, for over 35 years in total; from 1972 to 1989 (equal first with Sydney during 1972–74 and 1976–77), from 1991 to 1999, in 2006 (shared with Sydney), and again since 2015 (equal to Sydney from 2015 to 2016).[http://skyscrapercenter.com/country/australia Buildings in Australia - The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428032146/http://skyscrapercenter.com/country/australia |date=28 April 2015 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
=Precincts=
File:Southbank, Melbourne in November 2015.jpg regions like Southbank.]]
| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center;"
|+High-rises in Melbourne by precinct ! Precinct of | ||||||
| Carlton | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| City Centre | 58 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| Docklands | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Port Melbourne | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Southbank | 15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 3 |
| South Melbourne | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| South Yarra | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| St Kilda Road | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 77 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 24 | 5 |
The central business district skyline is broken down into two distinct sections: the east and west, divided by Swanston Street.{{cite web|url=http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/city.html|title=Melbourne City - A Brief History|accessdate=6 October 2016|archive-date=1 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401104407/http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/city.html|url-status=live}} The tallest buildings on the eastern side of the skyline are 120 Collins Street and 101 Collins Street, whilst the tallest on the western side are the Rialto Towers, 568 Collins Street, and Bourke Place.
Significant new skylines have emerged outside of the Melbourne central business district, especially within the inner-city suburb of Southbank. This precinct, located adjacent to the City Centre, includes some of the tallest buildings in Melbourne, such as Australia 108, Eureka Tower, and Prima Pearl.[https://sourceable.net/seventeen-skyscrapers-proposed-for-southbank-melbourne/ "Seventeen Skyscrapers Proposed for Southbank"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711012811/https://sourceable.net/seventeen-skyscrapers-proposed-for-southbank-melbourne/ |date=11 July 2015 }}. Sourceable. 22 May 2015.
South Yarra, St Kilda Road (a locality adjacent to the City Centre), the inner-city suburbs Carlton, and Docklands each comprise a skyscraper. Other inner-city suburbs, such as Port Melbourne and South Melbourne each have skyscrapers in proposed or approved stages of development.Fedele, Angela. (5 June 2014). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-22/seven-new-high-rise-towers-given-go-ahead-in-fishermans-bend/6491184 "Seven new high-rise towers given go-ahead in Fishermans Bend precinct"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525014624/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-22/seven-new-high-rise-towers-given-go-ahead-in-fishermans-bend/6491184 |date=25 May 2015 }}. ABC News. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
=Functions=
Most of Melbourne's skyscrapers constructed by the 1990s were built for commercial purposes—specifically, used as offices. Exceptions to this, include the mixed-use building Sofitel Hotel (1980) on Collins Place, and the all-hotel Crown Towers (1997) in Southbank.[http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UC&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=2000&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2017&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&output%5B%5D=function&dataSubmit=Show+Results Melbourne in 2000 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142501/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings |date=12 April 2022 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 3 February 2016. 2005 ushered in the first residential skyscrapers in Melbourne, with two built that year.[http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UC&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=2005&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2017&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&output%5B%5D=function&dataSubmit=Show+Results Melbourne in 2005 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142455/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings |date=12 April 2022 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 3 February 2016. By 2010, 72% of skyscrapers built in Melbourne were of commercial use, 12% residential, 12% mixed-use, and 4% hotel.[http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UC&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=2010&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2017&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&output%5B%5D=function&dataSubmit=Show+Results Melbourne in 2010 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142503/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings |date=12 April 2022 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 3 February 2016. The trend towards residential skyscrapers has continued significantly; in 2015, 58% of skyscrapers present within the city were of commercial use, 26% residential, 13% mixed-use and 3% hotel.[http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UC&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=2015&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2017&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&output%5B%5D=function&dataSubmit=Show+Results Melbourne in 2015 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142451/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings |date=12 April 2022 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 3 February 2016. These figures are set to change dramatically by 2020; when factoring those buildings still under-construction (but to be completed by 2020), 44% of the city's skyscrapers will be of residential use, 35% commercial, 18% mixed-use, 2% hotel, and 2% government.[http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UC&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=2020&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2017&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&output%5B%5D=function&dataSubmit=Show+Results Melbourne in 2020 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142456/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings |date=12 April 2022 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
Completed
File:Melbourne_city_skyline_in_January_2020.png in January 2020. Prominent skyscrapers visible in this image include West Side Place Towers A and B (then-under construction), far left; Aurora Melbourne Central, Premier Tower (then-under construction), Bourke Place, and 568 Collins Street, left of centre; the Rialto Towers, centre; 120 Collins Street, 101 Collins Street, Freshwater Place North, Prima Pearl, Eureka Tower, and Australia 108 (then-under construction); and Melbourne Square Tower 1 (then-under construction).]]
{{Multiple image
| perrow = 3
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| image1 = Melbourne CBD in January 2020.jpg
| caption1 = Melbourne City Centre
57 skyscrapers completed{{Efn|Aurora Melbourne Central (270.5 m) · West Side Place Tower A (268.7 m) · 120 Collins Street (266.6 m) · 101 Collins Street (260 m) · Queens Place North (252.8 m) · Rialto Towers (251.1 m) · Victoria One (246.8 m) · Premier Tower (245.9 m) · West Side Place Tower D (239 m) · Shangri-La by the Gardens (231.7 m) · West Side Place Tower C (230 m) · Vision Apartments (229 m) · 568 Collins Street (224 m) · Bourke Place (224 m) · Sapphire by the Gardens (218.8 m) · Light House Melbourne (218 m) · Telstra Corporate Building (218 m) · 380 Lonsdale Street (217.5 m) · West Side Place Tower B (211 m) · Melbourne Central (211 m) · Aspire Melbourne (210.6 m) · UNO Melbourne (210 m) · Eq. Tower (202 m) · Empire Melbourne (198.4 m) · Melbourne Grand (198 m) · Collins House (190 m) · 80 Collins South (188.4 m) · Sofitel Hotel – Collins Place (188 m) · ANZ Tower – Collins Place (188 m) · Abode318 (187.3 m) · 80 Collins Street (182 m) · Scape on Franklin (175 m) · MY80 (173 m) · 405 Bourke Street (173 m) · Avant (172 m) · Upper West Side Tower 5 (170 m) · 385 Bourke Street (169 m) · Olderfleet (168m) · Zen Apartments (167.8 m) · 530 Collins Street (167 m) · Casselden Place (167 m) · The Fifth (165.5 m) · Ernst & Young Tower (164.7 m) · 35 Spring Street (164.4 m) · SX Stage 1 (163 m) · ANZ World Headquarters (162 m) · Unilodge Place (161 m) · National Bank House (161 m) · Verve 501 Swanston Tower (159 m) · Wesley Place (156.5 m) · Upper West Side Tower 2 (156 m) · Paragon (155 m) · 183-189 A’Beckett Street (154 m) · Optus Centre (153 m) · 140 William Street (152.5 m) · 555 Collins Street (152 m) · Urban Workshop Lonsdale (150 m)[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=1960&max_year=2010®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 1960-2010 – The Skyscraper Center]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 9 February 2023.[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=COM&min_year=2011&max_year=2028®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Completed Buildings in Melbourne, 2011-2028 – The Skyscraper Center]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
}}
1 skyscraper topped-out{{Efn|Meriton Suites (188 m)[https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/quick-lists#q=&page=1&type=building&status=UCT&status=STO&status=UC&min_year=0&max_year=9999®ion=0&country=0&city=653 Arch. Topped Out; Struct. Topped Out; Under Construction Buildings in Melbourne – The Skyscraper Center]. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 22 January 2023.}}
3 skyscrapers under construction{{Efn|435 Bourke Street (210.3 m) · 600 Collins Street (182 m) · 32 Flinders Street (158.5 m)}}
| text1 = Melbourne City Centre
| link1 = Melbourne central business district
| image2 = Southbank skyline in May 2022.png
| caption2 = Southbank
15 skyscrapers completed{{Efn|Australia 108 (316.7 m) · Eureka Tower (297.3 m) · Prima Pearl (254 m) · Melbourne Square Tower 1 (231 m) · Freshwater Place North (205 m) · Home Southbank (198 m) · Melbourne Square Tower 2 (179 m) · Platinum Tower One (167 m) · Focus Melbourne (166 m) · Southbank Place (166 m) · 2 Southbank Boulevard (160. 8 m) · Palladium Tower (156 m) · Shadow Play (153 m) · Southbank Central (153 m) · Crown Towers (152.5 m)}}
1 skyscraper under construction{{Efn|The Queensbridge (209 m)}}
| text2 = Southbank
| link2 = Southbank, Victoria
| image3 = St Kilda Road skyline in February 2014.png
| caption3 = St Kilda Road
1 skyscraper completed{{Efn|Royal Domain Tower (162 m)}}
| text3 = St Kilda Road
| link3 = St Kilda Road
| image4 = Carlton, Melbourne skyline in December 2022.png
| caption4 = Carlton
1 skyscraper completed{{Efn|Swanston Central (236.7 m)}}
| text4 = Carlton
| link4 = Carlton, Victoria
| image5 = South Yarra skyline in September 2019.jpg
| caption5 = South Yarra
1 skyscraper completed{{Efn|Chapel Tower (178 m)}}
| text5 = South Yarra
| link5 = South Yarra
| image6 = Aerial perspective of the District at the Docklands waterfront. March 2019.jpg
| caption6 = Docklands
1 skyscraper completed{{Efn|Victoria Police Centre Tower 2 (180 m)}}
1 skyscraper under construction{{Efn|Melbourne Quarter West Tower (160 m)}}
| text6 = Docklands
| link6 = Docklands, Victoria
}}
=Overall=
Melbourne has 77 skyscrapers completed or topped out within the city, which stand at least {{convert|150|m}} tall, based on standard height measurement.[http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1885&base_max_year=9999&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=658&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1885&comp_max_year=9999&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results Skyscrapers statistics: Melbourne compared to Sydney - The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820053233/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=UCT&status%5B%5D=STO&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=653&base_height_range=3&base_company=All&base_min_year=1885&base_max_year=9999&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=658&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1885&comp_max_year=9999&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results |date=20 August 2016 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 28 August 2020. Such measurement includes spires and architectural details, but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction, but has topped out. The "built" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.
Height: S = Spire, R = Roof.
{{legend|#ddffdd|Was Melbourne's tallest building when completed|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
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{{row numbers|
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=Tallest buildings by precinct=
This lists the tallest building in each precinct of Melbourne based on standard height measurement.
| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto; width:50%;" |
| colspan="2" | Rank
! rowspan="2" | Name ! rowspan="2" | Height ! rowspan="2" | Floors ! rowspan="2" | Precinct ! rowspan="2" | Completion |
|---|
| ! List |
| 1
|1 |{{convert|316.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} |100 |
| 2
|3 |{{convert|270.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} |85 |
| 3
|13 |{{convert|236.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} |71 |
| 4
|40 |Victoria Police Centre Tower 2 |{{convert|180|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |40 |
| 5
|42 |Capitol Grand |{{convert|178|m|ft|abbr=on}} |52 |
| 6
|60 (=) |Royal Domain Tower |{{convert|162|m|ft|abbr=on}} |43 |
| 7
|— |Fifty Albert |{{convert|98.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} |30 |2013[http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/fifty-albert/13508 Fifty Albert - The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220716/http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/fifty-albert/13508 |date=20 December 2016 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 14 December 2016. |
=Tallest buildings by function=
This lists the tallest buildings in Melbourne by their respective functions—office, hotel, residential and mixed-use—based on standard height measurement.
| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto; width:50%;" |
| colspan="2" | Rank
! rowspan="2" | Name ! rowspan="2" | Height ! rowspan="2" | Floors ! rowspan="2" | Function ! rowspan="2" | Completion |
|---|
| ! List |
| 1
|1 |{{convert|316.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} |100 |
| 3
|3 |{{convert|270.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} |85 |
| 2
|5 |{{convert|266.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} |52 |
| 4
|74 (=) |{{convert|152.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} |43 |
=Skyscrapers at least 200 metres in height=
Melbourne comprises 29 skyscrapers (completed or topped-out) which reach a height of at least {{convert|200|m}}—more than any other city within Australia and Oceania. Of those, twenty-three skyscrapers are located within the City Centre, five are located within Southbank, and one in Carlton.
File:Tallest buildings in Melbourne.png
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto; width:40%;" | ||||
| colspan="6"|List of skyscrapers which stand at least 200 metres in height | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Building | Height | Built | Location |
| 1 | Australia 108 | {{convert|316.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2020 | Southbank |
| 2 | Eureka Tower | {{convert|297.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2006 | Southbank |
| 3 | Aurora Melbourne Central | {{convert|270.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2019 | City Centre |
| 4 | West Side Place Tower A | {{convert|268.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | City Centre |
| 5 | 120 Collins Street | {{convert|266.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | City Centre |
| 6 | 101 Collins Street | {{convert|260|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | City Centre |
| 7 | Prima Pearl | {{convert|254|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2014 | Southbank |
| 8 | Queens Place North Tower | {{convert|252.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | City Centre |
| 9 | Rialto Towers | {{convert|251.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1986 | City Centre |
| 10 | Victoria One | {{convert|246.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2018 | City Centre |
| 11 | Premier Tower | {{convert|245.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | City Centre |
| 12 | Melbourne Square BLVD | {{convert|244|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2028 | Southbank |
| 13 | West Side Place Tower D | {{convert|239|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2023 | City Centre |
| 14 | Swanston Central | {{convert|236.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2019 | Carlton |
| 15 | Shangri-La by the Gardens | {{convert|231.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2023 | City Centre |
| 16 | Melbourne Square Tower 1 | {{convert|231|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | Southbank |
| 17 | West Side Place Tower C | {{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2023 | City Centre |
| 18 | Vision Apartments | {{convert|229|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2016 | City Centre |
| rowspan="2"| 19 | 568 Collins Street | {{convert|224|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2015 | City Centre |
| Bourke Place | {{convert|224|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | City Centre | |
| 21 | Sapphire by the Gardens | {{convert|218.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2022 | City Centre |
| rowspan="2"| 22 | Light House Melbourne | {{convert|218|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2017 | City Centre |
| Telstra Corporate Centre | {{convert|218|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1992 | City Centre | |
| 24 | 380 Melbourne | {{convert|217.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | City Centre |
| 25 | 435 Bourke Street | {{convert|215|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2026 | City Centre |
| rowspan="2"|26 | West Side Place Tower B | {{convert|211|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2021 | City Centre |
| Melbourne Central | {{convert|211|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 1991 | City Centre | |
| 28 | Aspire Melbourne | {{convert|210.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2023 | City Centre |
| 29 | UNO Melbourne | {{convert|210|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2023 | City Centre |
| 30 | The Queensbridge | {{convert|209|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2025 | Southbank |
| 31 | Freshwater Place North | {{convert|205|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2005 | Southbank |
| 32 | EQ Tower | {{convert|202|m|ft|abbr=on}} | 2017 | City Centre |
=Timeline of tallest buildings=
This lists buildings that once held the title of "tallest building in Melbourne".
Future skyscrapers
This is a list of currently topped out, under construction, approved and proposed skyscrapers set for Melbourne.
File:308 Exhibition Street ...By The Gardens under construction in March 2022.png
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:40%"
|+ Key: |
| width="40" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | Topped out
| width="40" bgcolor="FFB347 " | Under construction | width="40" bgcolor="FF4545" | On hold | width="40" bgcolor=" #87CEFA " | Approved | width="40" bgcolor=" pink" | Proposed |
Major cancelled, revised, or vision projects
This is a list of cancelled, revised or vision skyscraper proposals that were previously set for Melbourne.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:40%"
|+ Key: |
| width="80" bgcolor="#ccffcc" | Revised
| width="80" bgcolor=" lightgray" | Cancelled | width="80" bgcolor="#C8A2C8" | Vision |
See also
{{Portal|Australia|Architecture}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category-inline|Skyscrapers in Melbourne}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071026125647/http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/scrapers.html Walking Melbourne Tallest building chronology]
- {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130410183506/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100504&bt=2&ht=2&sro=0 Emporis.com Melbourne High-rise Buildings]}}
{{Melbourne Skyscrapers}}
{{Australia tallest buildings lists}}
{{Melbourne}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Tallest Buildings In Melbourne}}