List on Sylt

List derived from the Middle Low German Liste (ledge, bar or edge).{{cite book|last1=Kunz|first1=Harry|last2=Steensen|first2=Thomas|title=Taschenlexikon Sylt (German)|publisher=Wachholtz|year=2014|isbn=978-3-529-05525-6}}{{rp|230}}

List was originally a Danish settlement. It was first mentioned in 1292 (Lystum). The original village was destroyed by the great flood of 1364. The settlement was rebuilt further east from the previous location. In the mid-15th century, a church named St. Jürgen was mentioned. In a treaty of 1460, Schleswig and Holstein were linked to the Danish crown, but List remained part of the royal enclaves, small areas of the Kingdom of Denmark situated within the Duchy of Schleswig, but directly controlled by the Danish king.{{cite web|url=http://www.list-sylt.de/ueber-list/der-ort/geschichtliches--geschichten/index.php|title=Geschichtliches (German)|publisher=Kurverwaltung List|access-date=30 April 2015}}

From the 16th century, the people of List mostly made a living from oyster farming, raising sheep and collecting and selling gull eggs. At the time, List was an important protective anchorage. In 1644, a Swedish-Dutch fleet of 26 ships commanded by Admiral Thijssen was attacked in the Lister Tief and defeated by Danish ships commanded by king Christian IV of Denmark. The anchorage north of today's town was named Königshafen to honour this event.{{rp|231}}

After the Danish-German war of 1864, List became part of Prussia. In 1908, List had 13 houses and 70 inhabitants.{{rp|231}}

The plebiscite of 1920 drew the border just north of List, with the next island (Rømø) being returned to Denmark.

In World War I, List became a naval air base. The first fortifications were constructed in 1914, followed by a hangar for naval planes. In 1927, a station of the Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule opened in List. This served both to train civilian pilots (for Lufthansa) as well as providing training for military purposes, officially forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles.

Much of today's town was built in the 1930s, when the Nazis expanded their military installations and added housing for military personnel.{{cite web|url=http://www.amtlandschaftsylt.de/list.html|title=Die Gemeinde List (Sylt) (German)|publisher=Amt Landschaft Sylt|access-date=30 April 2015}} The current church of St. Jürgen was built. The population increased from 449 in 1933 to 3,000 by 1939, excluding military personnel.{{rp|231}}

After the end of World War II, the small town of List had to house around 2,000 displaced Germans, including 15 families from Heligoland, occupied by the British. The hangar was dismantled and transported to Kiel, where it became the Ostseehalle. In 1955, the Bundeswehr was established and the navy (Bundesmarine) returned to List.{{rp|231}}

More recently, the military presence was withdrawn from the area, shifting the focus of List's economy more and more towards the tourist industry. The {{Interlanguage link multi|Marineversorgungsschule|de}} closed at the end of 2006, ending the long period in which the military had been a major influence and the town's largest employer.

List is the northernmost municipality of Germany, located at the northern part of the island of Sylt. The village is surrounded by dunes and heath, most of them protected nature reserves. To the north of List is the "Ellenbogen", a peninsula in the shape of an elbow (hence its name). To the west is the only shifting sand dune in Germany.

7/8ths of the area is private property owned by a group of 30 descendants of the original landowners, first mentioned in 1608.

List on Sylt has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification).

{{Weather box

|location = List on Sylt (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–present)

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 10.6

|Feb record high C = 12.8

|Mar record high C = 17.9

|Apr record high C = 24.7

|May record high C = 27.2

|Jun record high C = 30.6

|Jul record high C = 32.8

|Aug record high C = 32.6

|Sep record high C = 27.8

|Oct record high C = 22.7

|Nov record high C = 15.8

|Dec record high C = 12.1

|year record high C = 32.8

|Jan high C = 4.1

|Feb high C = 4.0

|Mar high C = 6.5

|Apr high C = 11.2

|May high C = 15.1

|Jun high C = 17.9

|Jul high C = 20.4

|Aug high C = 20.7

|Sep high C = 17.5

|Oct high C = 12.9

|Nov high C = 8.3

|Dec high C = 5.5

|year high C = 12.0

|Jan mean C = 2.5

|Feb mean C = 2.3

|Mar mean C = 4.0

|Apr mean C = 7.8

|May mean C = 11.6

|Jun mean C = 14.7

|Jul mean C = 17.2

|Aug mean C = 17.6

|Sep mean C = 14.8

|Oct mean C = 10.7

|Nov mean C = 6.6

|Dec mean C = 3.8

|year mean C = 9.5

|Jan low C = 0.7

|Feb low C = 0.5

|Mar low C = 2.0

|Apr low C = 5.0

|May low C = 8.8

|Jun low C = 12.0

|Jul low C = 14.6

|Aug low C = 15.1

|Sep low C = 12.6

|Oct low C = 8.7

|Nov low C = 4.7

|Dec low C = 2.0

|year low C = 7.2

|Jan record low C = -21.2

|Feb record low C = -21.0

|Mar record low C = -15.0

|Apr record low C = -4.0

|May record low C = 0.4

|Jun record low C = 4.8

|Jul record low C = 8.0

|Aug record low C = 9.4

|Sep record low C = 4.5

|Oct record low C = -1.2

|Nov record low C = -7.1

|Dec record low C = -13.6

|year record low C = -21.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 50.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 39.0

|Mar precipitation mm = 37.5

|Apr precipitation mm = 31.9

|May precipitation mm = 36.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 50.9

|Jul precipitation mm = 59.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 90.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 78.1

|Oct precipitation mm = 84.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 72.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 63.9

|year precipitation mm = 693.4

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 18.4

|Feb precipitation days = 15.5

|Mar precipitation days = 14.5

|Apr precipitation days = 12.5

|May precipitation days = 12.4

|Jun precipitation days = 13.4

|Jul precipitation days = 14.4

|Aug precipitation days = 16.4

|Sep precipitation days = 16.6

|Oct precipitation days = 19.4

|Nov precipitation days = 19.8

|Dec precipitation days = 19.2

|year precipitation days = 192.5

|Jan sun = 50.7

|Feb sun = 75.3

|Mar sun = 137.3

|Apr sun = 199.4

|May sun = 252.1

|Jun sun = 232.0

|Jul sun = 238.4

|Aug sun = 215.6

|Sep sun = 154.5

|Oct sun = 104.2

|Nov sun = 53.3

|Dec sun = 42.7

|year sun = 1755.6

|Jan humidity = 89.6

|Feb humidity = 88.0

|Mar humidity = 85.0

|Apr humidity = 79.0

|May humidity = 75.9

|Jun humidity = 77.0

|Jul humidity = 76.7

|Aug humidity = 76.8

|Sep humidity = 79.8

|Oct humidity = 83.4

|Nov humidity = 87.5

|Dec humidity = 89.3

|unit snow days = 1.0 cm

|Jan snow days = 5.0

|Feb snow days = 4.7

|Mar snow days = 2.0

|Apr snow days = 0

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.4

|Dec snow days = 2.4

|year snow days =

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012162619/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/List-auf-Sylt_10020.csv

|archive-date = 12 October 2023

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/List-auf-Sylt_10020.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

|work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = 12 October 2023}}

|source 2 = DWD (extremes)

{{cite web

|url = https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_mon.php?station=3032&maand=1&country=1&order=1&extreem=X_TX

|title = Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw.

|publisher = DWD

|language = de

|access-date = 19 November 2023}}

}}

List has the Ortsteile Klappholtal, Mellhörn, Möwenberg, Süderheidertal and Westerheide.{{rp|230}}

Out of roughly 2,700 inhabitants, only around 1,600 are permanent residents, the remainder being owners of holiday homes.

The economy is dominated by tourism. List has been a designated Nordseebad since 1946. List is the location of the only commercial oyster farm in Germany.{{rp|231}}

File:Sylter Rad.jpg

The Erlebniszentrum Naturgewalten, opened in 2009, features an exhibit on the powers of sea, wind and sand that have shaped the island as well as on local flora and fauna.{{cite web|url=http://www.list-sylt.de/ueber-list/erlebniszentrum/index.php|title=Erlebniszentrum (German)|publisher=Kurverwaltung List|access-date=30 April 2015}}

In May 2017, a 35 meter high Ferris wheel was erected in the harbor for the 725th anniversary of the municipality of List.

Until 2004, List was amtsfrei but since then has been part of the Amt Landschaft Sylt, a collective administrative body. The Bürgermeister (mayor) of List is Wolfgang Strenger.{{cite web|url=http://www.amtlandschaftsylt.de/list/ansprechpartner.html|title=Ansprechpartner Gemeinde List(Sylt) (German)|publisher=Amt Landschaft Sylt|access-date=30 April 2015}}

There is a ferry from List to the Danish island of Rømø, active since 1963. One single road leads south to the island's main town of Westerland.

List was connected to the rest of Sylt by the Sylter Nordbahn ( a narrow gauge railway) from 1908 to 1970, when it was discontinued.

There are two lighthouses in the area, {{Interlanguage link multi|List West|de}} and {{Interlanguage link multi|Leuchtturm List Ost|de}}. These are the two northernmost lighthouses in Germany.{{cite web|url=http://www.wsa-toenning.wsv.de/bauwerke/leuchttuerme/list_west/index.html|title=List West (German)|publisher=WSA Tönning|access-date=30 April 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.wsa-toenning.wsv.de/bauwerke/leuchttuerme/list_ost/index.html|title=List Ost(German)|publisher=WSA Tönning|access-date=30 April 2015}}

List has two kindergartens: a German one, and a Danish one.

List hosts a facility of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research that studies the Wadden Sea.

• Wolfgang von Gronau circumnavigated the globe in a Dornier Do J in 1932, starting in List.
• {{Interlanguage link multi|Jürgen Gosch|de|Jürgen Gosch (Unternehmer)|lt=Jürgen Gosch}} is the founder of a chain of restaurants that originated in List.

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category-inline|List auf Sylt}}

• [http://www.amtlandschaftsylt.de/ Amt Landschaft Sylt]
• [http://www.list.de/ Website of the Kurverwaltung List (tourist board)]
• [http://www.naturgewalten-sylt.de/ Erlebniszentrum Naturgewalten]

{{Cities and towns in Nordfriesland (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Denmark–Germany border crossings

Category:Sylt

Category:Nordfriesland