Lomnický štít
{{More citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Short description|Mountain in Slovakia}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name=Lomnický štít
| nickname = Lomničák
| photo = Lomnicky stit2.JPG
| photo_caption = Lomnický štít (left) and Kežmarský štít (2558 m)
| range = High Tatras
| location = Tatra National Park, Poprad, Prešov, Slovakia
| elevation_m = 2634.4
| prominence_m = 434
| coordinates = {{coord|49|11|45|N|20|12|46|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| easiest_route = cable car
| first_ascent = Štefan Fábry, around 1760-1790
| map_caption = Location in Slovakia
| map = Slovakia
}}
Lomnický štít ({{langx|en|Lomnica PeakNározná, Renáta, & Colin Saunders. 2012. The High Tatras: Slovakia and Poland, Including the Western & White Tatras. Milnthorpe, UK: Cicerone, p. 156.Cohen, Saul Bernard. 2008. The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: P to Z. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 3822. or Lomnický PeakBrooks, Andrew. 2016. Children's Illustrated Atlas. London: Dorling Kindersley, p. 69.Lovejoy, Alice Osborne. 2014. Army Film and the Avant Garde: Cinema and Experiment in the Czechoslovak Military. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 223.}}, {{langx|hu|Lomnici-csúcs}}, {{langx|de|Lomnitzer Spitze}}, {{langx|pl|Łomnica}}) is one of the highest and most visited mountain peaks in the High Tatras mountains of Slovakia. Connected by cable car to Tatranská Lomnica, its summit is {{convert|2634|metres|feet}} above sea level, making it the second highest peak in the High Tatras after Gerlachovský štít (2654 m).
Local shoemaker and amateur miner Jakab Fábry stated he made an ascent around 1760–1790, but the first recorded ascent was made by the English traveler Robert Townson and guide on 16 August 1793. He measured the elevation of the peak to be 2633 m, a meter below the actual elevation.{{Cite journal|last=Gajewski|first=Jerzy W|title=Robert Townson - The Great Explorer of the Tatra|url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1990-91_files/AJ%201990%20110-116%20Gajewski%20Townson.pdf|journal=Alpine Journal|pages=114}} The first winter ascent was made in 1891.
In the past, Lomnický štít was called as Vater (Father), Grossvater (Grandfather), Königsberg (King's Mountain), Królowa Tatr and Królowa Tatrzańska (Princess of the Tatra), Petra altissima kesmarkiensis and allerhöchster Kaisermärkerfels (Highest cliff of Kežmarok), höchste Kaisermärker Spitze (Highest peak of Kežmarok), késmárki hegyek (Hills of Kežmarok), Kesmarker Spitze or Lumnitzer Spitze (Peak of Kežmarok or Peak of Lomnica){{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}.
Since 1940, tourists have reached the peak by cable car. They are allowed to stay on the peak for 50 minutes. The cable car system is normally closed in the month of May for annual maintenance. It is also possible to climb the peak from Lomnický Saddle, but this is only permitted with a mountain guide.
There is a solar observatory and weather station permanently staffed year round at the terminus of the cable car.
Access
After Gerlachovský štít is Lomnický štít the second most guided peak in High Tatras. The most used is the Classic route also known as Emericyho nárek. The path is popular mostly because of easy access. You can take a lift from Tatranská Lomnica up to Lomnické sedlo (2189 meters above sea level) and from there straight forward to the top. The harder sections of the path are secured by steel steps and chains.
Another very popular route is called Jordanova cesta. The route begins at Starý Smokovec and within 3 hours and 35 minutes of hiking you will end up at [https://www.teryhochata.sk/ Téryho Chata], where the challenging section begins. The route from here is relatively hard for orientation, the steep sections are however secured by chains.
The route called Medené Lávky starts at [https://chataprizelenomplese.sk/ chata pri Zelenom plese], we head along an unmarked sidewalk over a kneeling path to the Čierny štít massif. At the waterfall we climb to the right to a pillar secured by chains. After it we will climb the threshold of the Veľká zmrzlá dolina, cross the stream and head left to the Medená kotlina. Through lifeless rubble fields we get to the main gutter, falling from the saddle between Kežmarok peaks. The path is very exposed to stone fall and recently is not as popular.
Gypsyho ferrata just like the classic route Emericyho nárek starts at Lomnické Sedlo, the real starting point is however hard to find. Gypsyho ferrata is secured with chains and steel steps, however full ferrata gear is due to extreme exposure in the upper section necessary.
The route through Cmiter starts at Skalnaté pleso, leading through Skalnatá dolina underneath to the massifs of Vidlové veže and Kežmarský štít. The route is exposed to stone fall. The harder sections require rope, since the path is not secured by any additional gear such as chains.
Climate
The climate of Lomnický štít belongs to the alpine climate (Köppen: ET), because the altitude of the weather station reaches {{Convert|2635|m}}. The annual average temperature is {{Convert|-2.9|C}}, the hottest month is {{Convert|5.6|C}} in August, and the coldest month is {{Convert|-10.6|C}} in February; the annual precipitation is {{Convert|1902.4|mm}}, and the average precipitation in all months is above {{Convert|120|mm}}. The highest average precipitation is {{Convert|193.7|mm}}. The earliest meteorological observations recorded by this weather station that can be retrieved at present are from 1952, so since 1952, the extreme temperature at this place has ranged from {{Convert|-31.2|C}} on March 3, 1987 to {{Convert|24.0|C}} on August 1, 1981; the highest minimum is {{Convert|11.8|C}} on August 3, 1998, while the lowest maximum is {{Convert|-27.8|C}} on January 31, 1956. Even in the warmest summer, the mountain rarely appears higher than {{Convert|15|C}} or more. Among them, the temperature records above {{Convert|20|C}} recorded only twice, which were {{Convert|21.0|C}} on June 28, 1973 and {{Convert|24.0|C}} at August 1981, respectively. In winter, low temperatures are often as low as {{Convert|-25.0|C}}, and low temperatures below {{Convert|-30.0|C}} will occur under extremely cold.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Lomnický štít (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1952–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 5.0
|Feb record high C = 6.2
|Mar record high C = 7.5
|Apr record high C = 10.0
|May record high C = 16.0
|Jun record high C = 21.0
|Jul record high C = 19.5
|Aug record high C = 24.0
|Sep record high C = 14.5
|Oct record high C = 13.0
|Nov record high C = 11.1
|Dec record high C = 10.0
|year record high C = 24.0
|Jan high C = -7.3
|Feb high C = -7.7
|Mar high C = -5.8
|Apr high C = -1.7
|May high C = 2.9
|Jun high C = 6.9
|Jul high C = 8.7
|Aug high C = 9.0
|Sep high C = 4.5
|Oct high C = 1.1
|Nov high C = -2.7
|Dec high C = -6.2
|year high C = 0.1
|Jan mean C = -10.1
|Feb mean C = -10.6
|Mar mean C = -8.9
|Apr mean C = -4.7
|May mean C = -0.2
|Jun mean C = 3.5
|Jul mean C = 5.2
|Aug mean C = 5.6
|Sep mean C = 1.6
|Oct mean C = -1.6
|Nov mean C = -5.3
|Dec mean C = -8.8
|year mean C = -2.9
|Jan low C = -12.9
|Feb low C = -13.4
|Mar low C = -11.8
|Apr low C = -7.5
|May low C = -2.9
|Jun low C = 0.6
|Jul low C = 2.4
|Aug low C = 2.9
|Sep low C = -0.9
|Oct low C = -4.1
|Nov low C = -7.8
|Dec low C = -11.5
|year low C = -5.6
|Jan record low C = -30.8
|Feb record low C = -30.0
|Mar record low C = -31.3
|Apr record low C = -22.8
|May record low C = -17.0
|Jun record low C = -12.0
|Jul record low C = -8.0
|Aug record low C = -11.0
|Sep record low C = -12.2
|Oct record low C = -19.9
|Nov record low C = -28.9
|Dec record low C = -30.0
|year record low C = -31.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 176.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 170.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 182.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 165.3
|May precipitation mm = 149.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 156.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 193.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 140.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 120.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 126.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 154.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 167.1
|year precipitation mm = 1902.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 16.5
|Feb precipitation days = 16.1
|Mar precipitation days = 17.2
|Apr precipitation days = 15.9
|May precipitation days = 16.2
|Jun precipitation days = 15.9
|Jul precipitation days = 17.0
|Aug precipitation days = 12.9
|Sep precipitation days = 11.8
|Oct precipitation days = 13.1
|Nov precipitation days = 14.2
|Dec precipitation days = 16.7
|year precipitation days = 183.4
|Jan snow days = 20.3
|Feb snow days = 19.0
|Mar snow days = 21.6
|Apr snow days = 19.9
|May snow days = 16.1
|Jun snow days = 8.3
|Jul snow days = 5.7
|Aug snow days = 4.6
|Sep snow days = 9.4
|Oct snow days = 13.8
|Nov snow days = 17.5
|Dec snow days = 19.6
|year snow days = 175.8
|Jan humidity = 70.7
|Feb humidity = 73.6
|Mar humidity = 74.8
|Apr humidity = 80.9
|May humidity = 85.0
|Jun humidity = 84.9
|Jul humidity = 84.4
|Aug humidity = 81.3
|Sep humidity = 78.2
|Oct humidity = 73.1
|Nov humidity = 74.5
|Dec humidity = 72.0
|year humidity = 77.8
|Jan sun = 124.0
|Feb sun = 129.1
|Mar sun = 164.8
|Apr sun = 172.6
|May sun = 168.9
|Jun sun = 159.3
|Jul sun = 168.7
|Aug sun = 179.6
|Sep sun = 166.4
|Oct sun = 165.8
|Nov sun = 121.1
|Dec sun = 111.2
|year sun = 1831.5
|source 1 = NOAA{{cite web
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230820192653/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/LOMNICKY_STIT_11930.csv
|archive-date = 20 August 2023
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/LOMNICKY_STIT_11930.csv
|title = Lomnický štít Climate Normals 1991–2020
|work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = 20 August 2023}}{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=global-summary-of-the-day&stations=11930099999&startDate=1700-01-01&endDate=2023-12-31&dataTypes=MAX,MIN,PRCP
|title = Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD (extremes 1952-present)
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|accessdate = February 14, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821072757/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=global-summary-of-the-day&stations=11930099999&startDate=1700-01-01&endDate=2023-12-31&dataTypes=MAX,MIN,PRCP
|archive-date = 2023-08-21
}}
}}
Gallery
Lomnický_štít,_Vysoké_Tarty.jpg|Slavkovský štít (left) and Lomnický štít (center right) as seen from Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia
Lomnicky and Kezmarsky stit from Skalnate pleso II.jpg|From left: Lomnický štít, Vidlové veže, Kežmarský štít, and Malý Kežmarský štít, as viewed from Skalnaté pleso
Observatórium Lomnický štít 1.jpg|Solar observatory Lomnický štít (Slovakia) built in 1962
Observatórium na Lomnickom štíte.jpg|The observatory as seen from Tatranská Lomnica
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
- http://www.vysoketatry.com/ciele/lstit/en.html
External links
{{Commons category|High Tatra Mountains}}
- [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1737/ UNESCO — Natural Reserves of Tatras Mountains]
- [http://www.tatry.org/ Tatry.org: Tatry Open Directory]
- [http://melown.com/maps/#tatras_slovakia High Tatra Mountains visualized in 3D]
- [https://sketchfab.com/models/f9d96fca765044f6a0e83f24bd9dcaa0 3D scan of Lomnický peak, one of the highest mountain peaks in the High Tatras mountains. ]
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lomnicky stit}}
Category:Mountains of Slovakia