Long-jawed orb weaver

{{Short description|Family of spiders}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|present}}

| name = Long-jawed orb-weavers

| image = Metellina mengei (aka).jpg

| image_upright = 1.15

| image_caption = Metellina mengei

| image2 = Long-jawed orb-weaver spider (Tetragnatha montana) female.jpg

| image2_caption = Tetragnatha montana, female

| taxon = Tetragnathidae

| authority = Menge, 1866

| range_map = Distribution.tetragnathidae.1.png

| range_map_upright = 1.15

| diversity = 50 genera, 989 species

}}

Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.{{cite journal| last=Menge| first=Anton| year=1866| title=Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung| journal=Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.)| volume=1}} They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.{{cite journal |last1=Gould |first1=John |last2=García |first2=Luis Fernando |last3=Valdez |first3=Jose. W. |title=Water webbing: Long‐jawed spider (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) produces webs that touch the surface of ephemeral waterbodies |journal=Ethology |date=March 2023 |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=182–185 |doi=10.1111/eth.13355 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eth.13355|doi-access=free }}

Systematics

{{Main|List of Tetragnathidae species}}

File:Opadometa fastigata of Kadavoor.jpg in Kerala]]

File:Tetragnatha montana - 2013-06-08.webm]]

File:LogJawed SilverSiders.webms interacting, laying silk and losing the cranefly they were consuming to ants.]]

{{as of|2021|03}}, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following extant genera:{{cite web| title=Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2021-03-06| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/99}}

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  • Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
  • Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
  • Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
  • Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
  • Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
  • Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
  • Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
  • Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
  • Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
  • Dyschiriognatha Simon, 1893 — Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
  • Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
  • Harlanethis Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
  • Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
  • Iamarra Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
  • Leucauge White, 1841 (including Opas) — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
  • Leucognatha Wunderlich, 1992 — Azores, Kenya, Tanzania
  • Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
  • Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
  • Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
  • Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
  • Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
  • Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
  • Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
  • Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
  • Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
  • Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
  • Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
  • Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
  • Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
  • Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
  • Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
  • Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
  • Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
  • Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
  • Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
  • Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
  • Taraire Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
  • Tawhai Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
  • Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
  • Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
  • Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
  • Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
  • Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
  • Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

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=Fossil genera=

Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.

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=Formerly placed here=

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060928163951/http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/70/70-180.pdf PDF]