Louis Stokes

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Louis Stokes

|image = Louis Stokes.jpg

|office = Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio

|term_start = January 3, 1969

|term_end = January 3, 1999

|predecessor = Charles Vanik

|successor = Stephanie Tubbs Jones

|constituency = {{ushr|OH|21|21st district}} (1969–93)
{{ushr|OH|11|11th district}} (1993–99)

|office1 = Chair of the House Ethics Committee

|term_start1 = January 3, 1991

|term_end1 = January 3, 1993

|predecessor1 = Julian C. Dixon

|successor1 = Jim McDermott

|term_start2 = January 3, 1981

|term_end2 = January 3, 1985

|predecessor2 = Charles Bennett

|successor2 = Julian C. Dixon

|office3 = Chair of the House Intelligence Committee

|term_start3 = January 3, 1987

|term_end3 = January 3, 1989

|predecessor3 = Lee H. Hamilton

|successor3 = Anthony Beilenson

|birth_name =

|birth_date = {{birth date|1925|2|23}}

|birth_place = Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.

|death_date = {{death date and age|2015|8|18|1925|2|23}}

|death_place = Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.

|party = Democratic

|spouse = Jeannette "Jay" Stokes

|children = 4

|relatives = Carl Stokes (Brother)

|education = Case Western Reserve University
{{nowrap|Cleveland State University (JD)}}

|allegiance = {{flag|United States|1912}}

|branch = {{army|United States}}

|serviceyears = 1943–1946

|battles = World War II

|module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Rep. Louis Stokes Presents the FY1987 Congressional Black Caucus Alternative Budget.ogg|title=Louis Stokes's voice|type=speech|description=Stokes presents the alternative Congressional Black Caucus budget for 1987
Recorded May 15, 1986}}

}}

Louis Stokes (February 23, 1925 – August 18, 2015) was an American attorney, civil rights pioneer and politician. He served 15 terms in the United States House of Representatives – representing the east side of Cleveland – and was the first African American congressman elected in the state of Ohio. He was one of the Cold War-era chairmen of the House Intelligence Committee, headed the Congressional Black Caucus, and was the first African American on the House Appropriations Committee.

Early life

Stokes was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Louise (née Stone) and Charles Stokes.{{Cite web|date=August 21, 2015|title=STOKES, LOUIS - The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|url=http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=SL6|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428164337/http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=SL6|archive-date=April 28, 2017|access-date=July 6, 2021|publisher=Case Western Reserve University}} He and his brother, politician Carl B. Stokes, lived in one of the first federally funded housing projects, the Outhwaite Homes. Stokes attended Central High School and later served in the U.S. Army from 1943 to 1946. After attending Western Reserve University and the Cleveland State University College of Law on the G.I. Bill, Stokes began practicing law in Cleveland in 1953. He argued the "stop and frisk" case of Terry v. Ohio before the United States Supreme Court in 1968. Later in 1968, he was elected to the House, representing the 21st District of Ohio on Cleveland's East Side. He shifted to the newly created 11th District, covering much of the same area following a 1992 redistricting. Stokes served 30 years in total, retiring in 1999.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Career

Stokes' tenure in the House of Representatives included service on the House Appropriations Committee, where he was influential in bringing revenue to Cleveland. He was particularly interested in veterans' issues and secured funds for health-care facilities for veterans in Cleveland.

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In the 1970s, Stokes served as chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, charged with investigating the murders of President John F. Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. He served on the House committee that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. As chairman of the House Ethics Committee, Stokes oversaw the committee's investigation of a corruption scandal known as ABSCAM in 1979–80, which eventually led to convictions of one senator and six House members. Recalling Stokes, U.S. Attorney Steven Dettelbach said: "We were in the midst of a huge ... corruption scandal, and public service was taking a public beating. But Lou Stokes was there as a shining beacon of integrity, of excellence and most important of all for us, of justice."

In 1971, he was a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.

File:CBCfoundingmembers.jpg in 1971]]

In 1992, Stokes ran for president as an Ohio favorite son, winning the delegates from his home district in Ohio, and then, in a minor Democratic convention drama, refused to release the delegate's votes until the Clinton campaign formally asked for them.

Following his time in Congress, Stokes became a distinguished visiting professor at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences at Case Western Reserve University. He actively served in this role until the time of his death.

Personal life

Stokes' daughter, Angela, is a former Cleveland Municipal Court judge who served from 1995 through 2015, while another, Lori, was Co-anchor of The 5 O'clock News and The 10 O'clock news and Anchor of The 6 O'clock News until 2022 and earlier Co-anchor of Good Day New York WNYW Fox 5. His son, Chuck, is also a journalist with WXYZ-TV in Detroit. His daughter, Shelley, is a historic preservationist, writer and public relations professional. Stokes' brother, Carl B. Stokes, was the first African American mayor of a large American city.[http://www.aol.com/article/2015/08/19/longtime-ohio-congressman-louis-stokes-dies-at-90/21224638/?icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl33%7Csec3_lnk3%26pLid%3D1286362440 "Longtime Ohio Congressman Louis Stokes dies at 90"], aol.com, August 19, 2015; retrieved August 20, 2015. Stokes was a cousin of funk and R&B musician Rick James.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/thousands-pay-final-respects-to-rick-james|title=Thousands Pay Final Respects to Rick James|date=2004-08-15|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-06-21|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.uncrownedcommunitybuilders.com/|title=Rick James|website=Uncrowned Community Builders|language=en|access-date=2019-10-16}}

Stokes was a Prince Hall Freemason,{{cite book|last=Gray|first=David|title=The History of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM 1971–2011: The Fabric of Freemasonry|year=2012|publisher=Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM|location=Columbus, Ohio|isbn=978-0615632957|pages=414}} and a member of the Cleveland Alumni chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.

=Later life and death=

Stokes retired in 2012 as senior counsel in the law firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, with offices in Cleveland and Washington.[http://www.squirepattonboggs.com/news/2012/12/squire-sanders-announces-louis-stokes-retirement__ "Squire Sanders Announces Louis Stokes' Retirement as Senior Counsel"], Squire Patton Boggs, December 6, 2012.

On July 20, 2015, it was reported that Stokes had both brain cancer and lung cancer.{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/naymik/index.ssf/2015/07/louis_stokes_diagnosed_with_lu.html#incart_2box_news_index.ssf|title=Louis Stokes diagnosed with lung and brain cancer|work=cleveland.com|date=20 July 2015|access-date=19 August 2015}} He died on August 18, 2015, at his home in Cleveland from the diseases at the age of 90.{{cite web|url=http://www.wkyc.com/story/news/local/cleveland/2015/08/19/former-congressman-louis-stokes-has-died/30953725|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150905175318/http://www.wkyc.com/story/news/local/cleveland/2015/08/19/former-congressman-louis-stokes-has-died/30953725|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 5, 2015|title=Former Congressman Louis Stokes has died|author=WKYC Staff|date=August 19, 2015|work=WKYC|access-date=August 19, 2015}} He was interred at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.{{CongBio|s000948|name=Louis Stokes|inline=y}}

Legacy

The Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority opened the Louis Stokes Museum on September 13, 2007.{{cite news |url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2007/09/louis_stokes_museum_opens_in_c.html |title=Louis Stokes Museum opens in Cleveland |first=Kari |last=Turner |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |date=September 13, 2007 |access-date=September 21, 2020}}{{cite web |url=https://www.thisiscleveland.com/locations/louis-stokes-museum |title=Louis Stokes Museum |work=Destination Cleveland |access-date=September 21, 2020}} This museum houses Stokes memorabilia, video interviews, miscellaneous video footage, awards and a written history about Stokes and his rise to prominence. The museum is located at Outhwaite Homes, 4302 Quincy Avenue.

From 2006 to 2008, the Western Reserve Historical Society opened an exhibition on the lives of Congressman Stokes and his brother titled "Carl and Louis Stokes: From the Projects to Politics". The exhibit uses photographs, manuscript collections, and personal items to showcase Louis Stokes' rise from the Outhwaite homes, his legal career, and his Congressional service. The former Congressman was inducted into the Karamu House Hall of Fame in 2007 for his contributions to the continued legacy of Cleveland's black settlement house and theatre.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Many buildings throughout the country have been named in Stokes honor including: Howard University's medical library, the Cleveland Public Library's main building expansion, and the GCRTA's Windermere station Louis Stokes Station at Windermere. The greater Cleveland area Veteran's hospital was renamed the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Building 50 on the campus of the National Institutes of Health is named the Louis Stokes Laboratories.{{cite web|url=http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2001/od-14.htm|title=New Laboratory Building in Honor of Louis Stokes|access-date=August 20, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010627051509/http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2001/od-14.htm|archive-date=June 27, 2001}}

Congressman Stokes' alma mater, Case Western Reserve University, offers the Louis Stokes Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Scholarship worth full tuition to an incoming first-year or transfer undergraduate student. It is intended to help economically and educationally disadvantaged students attain an education at the school.{{Cite web|url=https://go.case.edu/register/?id=5959eeb6-4ee2-43a1-8f5e-cce3a8bdc88b|title=Louis Stokes Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Scholarship|website=case.edu|access-date=12 January 2020}}

Autobiography

Louis Stokes with David Chanoff (2016): The Gentleman from Ohio. (Foreword by Congressman John Lewis). Trillium Books, The Ohio State University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8142-1312-4}}

References

External links

[http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/22311?current_search_qs=%3FTerm%3D%26SearchIn%3DFirstName%26ShowNonMember%3Dtrue%26ShowNonMember%3Dfalse%26Office%3D%26Leadership%3D%26State%3D%26Party%3D%26ContinentalCongress%3Dfalse%26BlackAmericansInCongress%3Dtrue%26BlackAmericansInCongress%3Dfalse%26WomenInCongress%3Dfalse%26HispanicAmericansInCongress%3Dfalse%26CongressNumber%3D98%26PreviousSearch%3D%252cFirstName%252c%252c%252c%252c%252cFalse%252cTrue%252cFalse%252c98%252cLastName%26CurrentPage%3D1%26SortOrder%3DLastName%26ResultType%3DGrid%26Command%3D2#assignments History.house.gov]
[https://www.wrhs.org/do-see/exhibitions/carl-and-louis-stokes-making-history Western Reserve Historical Society's website about the lives of Louis and Carl Stokes]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727074323/http://collections.mdch.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fsaac&CISOPTR=25701&REC=1 Collections]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20140728202905/http://worldchannel.org/programs/episode/stokes-american-dream/ Stokes: An American Dream] on PBS's World channel
{{cite web |title=Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) |publisher=National Science Foundation |url=https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2020/nsf20590/nsf20590.htm}} The National Science Foundation has funded "Louis Stokes Alliances" to support post-secondary education of minority students.
{{C-SPAN|397}}
{{Find a Grave|150938512}}

{{Navboxes

| title = Offices and distinctions

| list1 =

{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Member of the U.S. House of Representatives}}
from Ohio's 21st congressional district|years=1969–1993}}

{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus|years=1972–1974}}

{{s-ttl|title=Chair of House Assassinations Committee|years=1977–1979}}

{{s-ttl|title=Chair of House Intelligence Committee|years=1987–1989}}