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Lower Chulym dialect

{{Short description|Turkic dialect}}

{{Other uses|Chulym (disambiguation){{!}}Chulym}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Lower Chulym

| nativename = {{lang|clw|Ӧс (июс) тили}}

| states = Russia

| region = Siberia

| speakers =

| familycolor = altaic

| fam1 = Turkic

| fam2 = Common Turkic

| fam3 = Siberian Turkic

| fam4 = South Siberian

|fam5={{ill|Northern Altai languages|lt=Northern Altai group|ru|Северноалтайские языки}}

| glotto = chul1246

| isoexception = dialect

| linglist = clw-low

| extinct = 2011{{cite web|url=https://mobile.atlaskmns.ru/page/en/lang_chulymcy_all.html#:~:text=Chulym%20Turkic%20is%20divided%20into,5)%20Chibinsky:%20Kyzyldeeva%20volost.|title=Chulym Turkic|access-date=2024-11-22|quote=Currently, the Lower Chulym dialect is considered extinct (the last speaker, according to Valeria Lemskaya, died in 2011).}}

| dia1 = Küärik

| dia2 = Ketsik

| dia3 = Yezhi

| dia4 = Yatsi

| dia5 = Chibi

| ethnicity = Lower Chulyms

}}

Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities.

Research

When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than {{formatnum:250}}. In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.{{Sfn|Pomorska|2004|p=13}}

Classification

Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with {{ill|Middle Chulym dialect|lt=Middle Chulym|ru|Среднечулымское наречие}}. However, this question is still open.

It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of Proto-Turkic -d- as {{Lang|clw|-j-}}, for example proto-Turkic {{Lang|trk|*adak}} 'leg' as {{Langx|clw|айақ|ajaq|label=none}} 'leg', versus Middle Chulym {{Langx|clw|азақ|azaq|label=none}}. It also bears similarities with the Tom and Baraba dialects of Siberian Tatar.

A third Turkic variety, Küärik, was spoken in the Chulym basin, north of Mariinsk. It is known from the work of Radloff, which comes from around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.{{Sfn|Pomorska|2004|p=12|loc=note}}

Phonology

Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Uvular

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|nʲ}} (K)

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Stop

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|tʲ}} (LC)

|{{IPA link|k}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|

|{{IPAlink|g}}

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}}

|{{IPA link|x}}

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|z}}

|{{IPA link|ʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɣ}}

|({{IPA link|ʁ}})

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Affricate

!voiceless

|

|{{IPA link|t͡s}}

|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}

|

|

|

voiced

|

|{{IPA link|d͡z}} (LC)

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Approximant

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Rhotic

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

|

Vocabulary

The words for the numerals 80 and 90 are {{Lang|clw|сексон}} and {{Lang|clw|тоқсон}}, in contrast to {{Lang|atv|сегизон/сегизен}} and {{Lang|atv|тоғузон/тоғузан}} for the rest of the Northern Altai group, being an isogloss with Khalaj, Middle Chulym, Kipchak (except for Southern Altai), Karluk and Oghuz.

References

= Sources =

  • {{Cite book |last=Бирюкович |first=P. M. |title=Tûrkskie âzyki |date=1997 |publisher=Izdatel'stvo Indrik |isbn=978-5-85759-061-4 |editor-last=Institut âzykoznaniâ |series=Âzyki mira Языки мира |location=Moskva |pages=491–497 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Тюркские языки |script-chapter=ru:Чулымско-тюpкский язык}}
  • {{cite book |author=Pomorska |first=Marzanna |url=https://www.academia.edu/38955078 |title=Middle Tchulym Noun Formation |date=2004 |publisher=Księgarnia Akademicka |isbn=9788371887840 |series=Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia |pages=256 |number=9}}

External links

  • {{ethnologue|clw}}

{{Turkic languages}}

{{portal bar|Languages|Russia}}

Category:Siberian Turkic languages

Category:Agglutinative languages

{{Turkic-lang-stub}}