Luna crater
{{Short description|Impact crater in Luna, Gujarat, India}}
{{About|an impact crater on Earth|impact craters on the Moon|Lunar craters}}
{{Infobox terrestrial impact site
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| country = India
| state = Gujarat
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| district = Kutch district
| municipality = Luna village in Bhuj taluka
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The Luna crater or Luna structure is an impact crater at Luna village in Bhuj taluka of Kutch district of Gujarat, India. The crater is located in a low-lying, soft, flat area and appears unconventional and deceptive when compared to other craters in India, which are usually found on hard, rocky surfaces.{{cite journal|last1=Karanth|first1=R. V.|issue=November 2006|title=The Unusual Impact Crater of Luna in Kachchh, Western India|url=http://www.geosocindia.org/index.php/jgsi/article/viewFile/81609/62979|access-date=27 May 2017|journal=Journal of Geo Society of India|publisher=Geological society of India|volume=68}}
The structure is the result of the largest iron bolide of the last 10,000 years{{cite journal |last1=K.S. Sajinkumar|display-authors=etal |title=The Luna structure, India: A probable impact crater formed by an iron bolide |journal=Planetary and Space Science |date=Jan 2024 |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2023.105826 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063323001952?via%3Dihub|url-access=subscription }} or even 50,000 years.{{cite journal |last1=Joshua Rapp Learn |title=Huge crater in India hints at major meteorite impact 4000 years ago |journal=New Scientist |date=Mar 26, 2024 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2423902-huge-crater-in-india-hints-at-major-meteorite-impact-4000-years-ago/#}}
Description
Rock fragments and glasslike materials found at the site indicate a meteorite impact, the date of which has tentatively been put at around 2000 BCE.{{cite news|last1=Mudur|first1=G S|title=Giant crater puzzle in Kutch |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1061024/asp/nation/story_6909357.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629011256/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1061024/asp/nation/story_6909357.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 29, 2018|access-date=27 May 2017|issue=The telegraph|publisher=The Telegraph Kolkotta|date=24 October 2006}} The crater, located in the Rann of Kutch, is circular, with a diameter of {{convert|1.2|km|mi|frac=4}}, and its lowest point is only about {{convert|2|m|ft}} above sea level.{{cite news|last1=PTI|title=Vedic age crater found in Rann of Kutch|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Vedic-age-crater-found-in-Rann-of-Kutch/articleshow/2232131.cms|access-date=27 May 2017|agency=The Times of India|work=The Times of India|date=23 October 2006}}
The crater is visibly a kilometre wide, but the satellite radar imagery shows it is spread over a five kilometres radius. Since it lacks the characteristics of a typical impact site, it is a unique site in the world{{dash}}it has a very low depth to diameter ratio. A round lake 1 square kilometre in area and 2 meters in depth lies in the centre of the crater, which remains dry during the summer. The depression is covered with thick vegetation of thorny Acacia species (Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora). The rim, with upturned beds and shatter cone, has no hard rocks. X-ray analysis of the materials adhering to meteorite fragments revealed stishovite and coesite, the high pressure polymorphs of silica, which confirms the impact origin of the crater.
Among the various evidences expected at an impact site, dark, heavy, magnetic fragments, like metallic meteorites, with spherical cavities are found at the rim of the structure, and glassy objects comparable to tektites have been recovered.R V Karan, R. V. Karanth, P. S. Thakker And M. S. Gadhavi, A Preliminary Report on The Possible Impact Crater of Kachchh, Current Science, Vol. 91, No. 7, 10 Oct 2006.
Religious significance
The Luna Dham Temple lies at the north end of the crater.
More potential craters in Kutch
The satellite data indicates that there could be a few more craters within the Kutch, which are hidden by subsequent denudational activities.
See also
; Impact craters in India
- Dhala crater in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh
- Lonar crater at Lonar in Buldhana district of Maharashtra
- Ramgarh Crater in Mangrol tehsil of Baran district of Rajasthan
- Shiva crater, an undersea super crater west of India
; Other related topics
References
{{reflist}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Impact cratering on Earth}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Luna Crater}}