List of possible impact structures on Earth

The following tables list geological features on Earth that are possible impact events, but for which there is currently no confirming scientific evidence in the peer-reviewed literature. In order for a structure to be confirmed as an impact crater, it must meet a stringent set of well-established criteria. Some proposed impact structures are likely to eventually be confirmed, whereas others are likely to be shown to have been misidentified (see below). Recent extensive surveys have been done for Australian (2005),{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/08120090500170351 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236737663|title=Impact cratering and distal ejecta: The Australian record|year=2005|last1=Haines|first1=P. W.|journal=Australian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=52|issue=4–5|pages=481–507|bibcode=2005AuJES..52..481H|s2cid=128705406}} African (2014),{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.01.008| title=Impact structures in Africa: A review| year=2014| last1=Reimold| first1=Wolf Uwe| last2=Koeberl| first2=Christian| journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences| volume=93| pages=57–175| pmid=27065753| pmc=4802546| bibcode=2014JAfES..93...57R}} and South American (2015){{cite book |last1=Acevedo |first1=R. |last2=Rocca |first2=M. C. |last3=Ponce |first3=J. |last4=Stinco |first4=S. |title=Impact Craters in South America |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |series=SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences |isbn=978-3-319-13092-7}} craters, as well as those in the Arab world (2016).{{cite book |first=M. C. |last=Chabou |year=2016 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304035970 |chapter=An updated inventory of meteorite impact structures in the Arab world |title=1st ArabGU International Conference, Feb 2016, Algeria}} A book review by A. Crósta and U. Reimold disputes some of the evidence presented for several of the South American structures.{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1111/maps.12632|title = Impact Craters in South America, by Acevedo R. D., Rocca M. C. L., Ponce J. F., and Stinco S. G. Heidelberg: Springer, 2015. 104 p. SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences: South America and the Southern Hemisphere. {{text|ISBN}} 978-3-319-13092-7|year = 2016|last1 = Crósta|first1 = Alvaro P.|last2 = Reimold|first2 = Wolf Uwe|journal = Meteoritics & Planetary Science|volume = 51|issue = 5|pages = 996–999|doi-access = free}}

|-

| Ishim

| Akmola region

|Kazakhstan

| 300

| {{sort|445|430-460}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a80.html Ishim]{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|52|0|N|69|0|E|name=Ishim Akmola}}

|-

| Iturralde

| Bolivia

|Bolivia

| 8.0

| {{sort|0.0205|0.011–0.030}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a79.html Iturralde]

| File:Iturralde Crater PIA03359 cropped.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|12|35|S|67|40|W|name=Iturralde}}

|-

| Jackpine Creek magnetic anomaly

| British Columbia

|Canada

| 25

| {{sort|120|120 ± 20}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a465.html Jackpine Creek]S. Goussev, R. Charters, J. Peirce and W. Glenn (2002). [http://cseg.ca/assets/files/resources/abstracts/2002/Goussev_S_Jackpine_Creek_Magnetic_Anomaly_A_Case_M&G-1.pdf Jackpine Creek Magnetic Anomaly: A Case of the HRAM Prospect Scale Interpretation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611165455/http://cseg.ca/assets/files/resources/abstracts/2002/Goussev_S_Jackpine_Creek_Magnetic_Anomaly_A_Case_M%26G-1.pdf |date=2016-06-11 }}. CSEG: The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists

|

| align="right" | {{coord|55.6|N|120.1|W|name=Jackpine}}

|-

| Jalapasquillo

| Puebla

|Mexico

| 1.2

| {{sort|10|<10}}

|

| align="center" | [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1974RMxAA...1...81M Jalapasquillo]{{Cite journal |title = Possible Meteorite Crater in Mexico|year = 1974|last1 = Maupome|first1 = L.|journal = Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica|volume = 1|pages = 81–|bibcode = 1974RMxAA...1...81M}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|19.2231|N|97.429|W|name=Jalapasquillo}}

|-

| Jebel Hadid

| Libya

|Libya

| 4.7

| {{sort|66|<66}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a986.html Jebel Hadid]{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.04.003|title = The Jebel Hadid structure (Al Kufrah Basin, SE Libya) – A possible impact structure and potential hydrocarbon trap?|year = 2009|last1 = Schmieder|first1 = Martin|last2 = Buchner|first2 = Elmar|last3 = Le Heron|first3 = Daniel Paul|journal = Marine and Petroleum Geology|volume = 26|issue = 3|pages = 310–318| bibcode=2009MarPG..26..310S }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|20|52|12|N|22|42|18|E|name=Jebel Hadid}}

|-

| Jeptha Knob

| Kentucky

|United States

| 4.3

| 425

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a62.html Jeptha Knob]{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|38|11|N|85|07|W|name=Jeptha Knob}}

|-

| Johnsonville

| South Carolina

|United States

| 11

| {{sort|300|300?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1020.html Snows Island]{{Cite journal | doi=10.1029/2003GL017051| title=An impact crater in northeast South Carolina inferred from potential field data| year=2003| last1=Talwani| first1=Pradeep| last2=Wildermuth| first2=Eric| last3=Parkinson| first3=Chris D.| journal=Geophysical Research Letters| volume=30| issue=7| page=1366| bibcode=2003GeoRL..30.1366T| doi-access=free}}{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|33|49|N|79|22|W|name=Snows Island}}

|-

| Jwaneng South

| Botswana

|Botswana

| 1.3

| {{sort|66|<66}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1529.html Jwaneng South]Sharad Master, Brad Pitts and Marek Wendorff (2009). [http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=51449 Jwaneng South Structure, Botswana: a New 1.3 km Diameter Buried Cenozoic Impact Crater Discovered by Airship-mounted Gravity Gradometer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629192235/http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=51449 |date=2016-06-29 }}, 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition

|

| align="right" | {{coord|24|42|S|24|46|E|name=Jwaneng South}}

|-

| Kebira

| Gilf Kebir

|Egypt

| 31

| 100

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a648.html Kebira]{{cite journal | last1 = Reimold | first1 = W.U. | last2 = Ch | first2 = Koeberl | year = 2014 | title = Impact structures in Africa: A review| journal = J. Afr. Earth Sci. | volume = 93 | pages = 57–175 | doi = 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.01.008 | pmid = 27065753 | pmc = 4802546 | bibcode = 2014JAfES..93...57R }}

| File:Kebira Crater.jpg

| align="right" | {{Coord|24|40|N|24|58|E|name=Kebira}}

|-

| Kilmichael

| Mississippi

|United States

| 13

| 45

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a563.html Kilmichael]M.S. Huber, D.T. King, Jr., L.W. Petruny, and C. Koeberl (2013). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/pdf/2250.pdf REVISITING KILMICHAEL (MISSISSIPPI), A POSSIBLE IMPACT STRUCTURE], 44th Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceRobertson P.B., Butler M.D. (1982). New evidence for the impact origin of Kilmichael Mississippi. Lunar and Planet. Sci. 13: Abstr. Pap. 13th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, Tex., March 15–19, 1982. Pt 2, Houston, Tex., pp. 653–654King D.T. Petruny Jr. and L.W. (2002). [https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2002/pdf/5286.pdf COSMIC IMPACT IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF MISSISSIPPI? THE RIDDLE THE OF THE KILMICHAEL STRUCTURE] 65th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|33.5|N|89.55|W|name=Kilmichael}}

|-

| Krk

| Croatia

|Croatia

| 12

| 40

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a710.html Krk]T. Marjanac, A. Tomša, Lj. Marjanac, M. Calogovic & S. Fazinic (2015). [http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/gap2015/pdf/1086.pdf Krk impact structure ejecta breccia and melt rocks on the islands of Krk and Rab, Croatian Adriatic: A clue on the impact target lithology], Bridging the Gap III (2015)

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|45.06|N|14.62|E|name=Krk}}

|-

| Kurai Basin

| Altai Region

|Russia

| 20

| {{sort|199|<200}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a514.html Kurai Basin]S. A. Vishnevsky (2007). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1044.pdf The Kurai Basin, Altai mountains (Russia): First evidences of impact origin], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007)

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|50|12|N|87|54|E|name=Kurai }}

|-

| La Dulce

| Argentina

|Argentina

| 2.8

| {{sort|0.445|0.445?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a913.html La Dulce]Harris, R. S.; Schultz, P. H.; Zárate, M. A. (2007) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2243.pdf La Dulce Crater: Evidence For A 2.8 Km Impact Structure In The Eastern Pampas Of Argentina], 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

|

| align="right" | {{coord|38.21|S|59.21|W|name=La Dulce}}

|-

| Labynkyr

| Russia

|Russia

| 67

| {{sort|150|150?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a110.html Labynkyr]{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1974Metic...9..329D|title = Impact structures from ERTS imagery|last1 = Dietz|first1 = Robert S.|last2 = McHone|first2 = John|journal = Meteoritics|year = 1974|volume = 9|page = 329}}Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Labynkyr.htm Labynkyr ring] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917022902/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Labynkyr.htm |date=2016-09-17 }}{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|62.325|N|143.090|E|name=Labynkyr}}

|-

| Lac Iro

| Moyen-Chari

|Chad

| 13

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a3.html Lac Iro]James B. Garvin (1986). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1986/pdf/1128.pdf POSSIBLE IMPACT STRUCTURES IN CENTRAL AFRICA]

| File:Lake Iro.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|10|10|N|19|40|E|name=Iro Lake}}

|-

| Lairg Gravity Low

| Scotland

|United Kingdom

| 40

| 1200

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a2637.html Lairg]

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|58|1|12|N|4|24|0|W}}

|-

| Lake Cheko

| Siberia

|Russia

| 50

| {{sort|0.0001|0.0001
(1908 AD)}}

|

| align="center" | {{in lang|ru}} [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1005.html Lake Cheko]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|60.964|N|101.86|E|name=Cheko}}

|-

| Lake Tai (Tai Hu)

| Jiangsu

|China

| {{sort|70|70 ± 5}}

| {{sort|365|365 ± 5}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a420.html Tai Hu]Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Tai-Hu.htm Tai Hu crater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916211111/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Tai-Hu.htm |date=2016-09-16 }}{{cite journal |first1=K. |last1=Wang |year=1992 |bibcode=1992lmip.conf...77W |title=A late Devonian impact event and its association with a possible extinction event on Eastern Gondwana |journal=Lunar and Planetary Inst., International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution |last2=Geldsetzer |first2=H. H. J. |page=77}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|31|14|N|120|8|E||name=Tai}}

|-

| Loch Leven

| Scotland

|United Kingdom

| {{sort|18|18x8}}

| 290

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a898.html Loch Leven]B. J. Hamill (2003). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/largeimpacts2003/pdf/4041.pdf The Loch Leven Crater: Anatomy Of A Low-Angle Oblique Impact Structure], Large Meteorite Impacts

|

| align="right" | {{coord|56|12|N|3|23|W|name=Loch Leven}}

|-

| Lorne Basin

| New South Wales

|Australia

| 30

| {{sort|250|250 ± 2}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a435.html Lorne]{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/08120099808728423| title=Lorne Basin, New South Wales: Evidence for a possible impact origin?| year=1998| last1=Tonkin| first1=P. C.| journal=Australian Journal of Earth Sciences| volume=45| issue=5| pages=669–671| bibcode=1998AuJES..45..669T}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|31.60|S|152.62|E|name=Lorne}}

|-

| Lycksele 2

| Sweden

|Sweden

| 130

| {{sort|1500|1500 ± 300}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1603.html Lycksele 2]D. Nisca, H. Thunehed, L.J. Pesonen, S-Å. Elming (1997). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/impacts97/pdf/6007.pdf The Lycksele structure, a huge ring formation in northern Sweden: result of an impact?], Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution{{Cite journal | doi=10.1007/BF00117542| title=The impact cratering record of Fennoscandia| year=1996| last1=Pesonen| first1=L. J.| journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets| volume=72| issue=1–3| pages=377–393| bibcode=1996EM&P...72..377P| hdl=2060/19930000983| s2cid=125579093| hdl-access=free}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|64.92|N|18.78|E|name=Lycksele}}

|-

| Madagascar 3

| Madagascar

|Madagascar

| 12

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a333.html Madagascar 3]Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Madagascar3.htm Madagascar structure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916231624/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Madagascar3.htm |date=2016-09-16 }}

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|18.839|S|46.221|E|name=Madagascar}}

|-

| Magyarmecske anomaly

| Hungary

|Hungary

| 7

| 299

|

| align="center" | {{cite journal|last1=Bodosky |first1=T. |last2=Kis|first2=M.|last3=Kummer|first3=I.|last4=Don|first4=G.|title=The telluric conductivity anomaly at Magyarmecske: is it aburied impact crater? |url=http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/doc.cfm?fobjectid=40243|journal=40th ESLAB–First International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System–Proceedigs CD. Noordwijks, the Netherlands|volume= |pages=221–223|date=2006}}{{cite journal|last1=Bodosky|first1=T.|last2=Don|first2=G.|last3=Kis|first3=MI.|last4=Kummer|first4=I.|title=Is the Magyarmecske telluric conductivity anomaly a buried impact structure? |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250010202|journal=Central European Geology |volume= 50 |issue=3 |pages=199–223 |date=2007 |doi=10.1556/CEuGeol.50.2007.3.2|bibcode=2007CEJGl..50..199B }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|45.95|N|17.97|E|name=Magyarmecske }}

|-

| Mahuika

| New Zealand (offshore)

|New Zealand

| {{sort|20|20?}}

| {{sort|0.0006|0.0006
(1400 AD)}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a362.html Mahuika]Abbott, D.H., A. Matzen, E.A. Bryant, and S.F. Pekar (2003). Did a bolide impact cause catastrophic tsunamis in Australia and New Zealand?. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 35:168

|

| align="right" | {{coord|48.3|S|166.4|E|name=Mahuika}}

|-

| Maniitsoq

| Greenland

|Greenland

| 100

| 3000

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1366.html Maniitsoq]{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.026 | title = Searching for giant, ancient impact structures on Earth: The Mesoarchaean Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland | year = 2012 | last1 = Garde | first1 = Adam A. | last2 = McDonald | first2 = Iain | last3 = Dyck | first3 = Brendan | last4 = Keulen | first4 = Nynke | journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume = 337–338 | pages = 197–210| bibcode = 2012E&PSL.337..197G }}{{Cite journal |first1= Anders |last1 = Scherst |first2= Adam A. |last2 = Garde |date= 30 July 2013 |title= Complete hydrothermal re-equilibration of zircon in the Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland: A 3001 Ma minimum age of impact? |journal= Meteoritics & Planetary Science |volume= 48 |issue= 8 |pages= 1472–1498 |doi= 10.1111/maps.12169 |bibcode= 2013M&PS...48.1472S|s2cid = 140675056 |doi-access= free }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|65|15|N|51|50|W|name=Maniitsoq}}

|-

| Mejaouda (El Mrayer)

| Mauritania

|Mauritania

| 3

| {{sort|540|<542?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a501.html Mejaouda]Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Mejaouda.htm Mejaouda crater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917001315/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Mejaouda.htm |date=2016-09-17 }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|22.722|N|7.312|W|name=Mejaouda}}

|-

| Merewether

| Newfoundland

|Canada

| 20

| {{sort|0.0009|0.0009
(1100 AD)}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a123.html Merewether crater]J. B. Garvin and J. J. Frawley (2008). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2008/pdf/1811.pdf Geometric Properties Of The Merewether Structure, Newfoundland, Canada].Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX (2008){{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|58.04|N|64.05|W|name=Merewether}}

|-

| Meseta de la Barda Negra

| Argentina

|Argentina

| 1.5

| {{sort|4|4 ± 1}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a652.html Meseta de la Barda Negra]A.C. Ocampo, A.C. Garrido, J. Rabassa, M.C. Rocca, J.C. Echaurren, and E. Mazzoni (2005). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2005/pdf/5005.pdf A Possible Impact Crater In Basalt At Meseta De La Barda Negra, Neuquen, Argentina], 68th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting

|

| align="right" | {{coord|39|10|S|69|53|W|name=Barda Negra}}

|-

| Middle-Urals Ring

| Russia

|Russia

| {{sort|475|400–550}}

| {{sort|542|>542}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1022.html Middle Urals]G. Burba (1991). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1991/pdf/1076.pdf Middle-Urals Ring structure, USSR: Definition, description, possible planetary analogues], Lunar and Planetary Science conference XXII.G. Burba (2003). [http://www.planetary.brown.edu/planetary/international/Micro_38_Abs/ms011.pdf The geologic evolution of the Ural Mountains: A supposed exposure to a giant impact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831000715/http://www.planetary.brown.edu/planetary/international/Micro_38_Abs/ms011.pdf |date=2021-08-31 }}. Microsymposium 38, MS011

|

| align="right" | {{coord|56|N|56|E||name=Urals Ring}}

|-

| Mistassini-Otish

| Quebec

|Canada

| 600

| 2200

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1144.html Mistassini]S. Genest and F. Robert [https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2017/pdf/6047.pdf The Mistassini-Otish impact structure, Northern Quebec, Canada: an update – 1987]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|50.57|N|73.42|W|name=Mistassini lake}}

|-

| Mount Ashmore dome

| Indian Ocean (in Timor Sea)

|

| {{sort|50|>50}}

| 35

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1115.html Mount Ashmore]{{cite journal | last1 = Glikson | first1 = A. | last2 = Jablonski | first2 = D. | last3 = Westlake | first3 = S. | year = 2010 | title = Origin of the Mt Ashmore structural dome, west Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea | journal = Australian Journal of Earth Sciences | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | doi = 10.1080/08120099.2010.481327 | pages = 411–430 | bibcode = 2010AuJES..57..411G | s2cid = 129839418 }}[http://sciencewise.anu.edu.au/articles/big%20impact Examining a new asteroid crater found in the Timor Sea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629122042/http://sciencewise.anu.edu.au/articles/big%20impact |date=2016-06-29 }}. ScienceWise 2010, Australian National Uni

|

| align="right" | {{coord|12.55|S|123.2|E|display=inline}}

|-

| Mousso

| Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti

|Chad

| 3.8

| {{sort|540|<542}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a454.html Mousso]{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2007.06.003 | title=Mousso structure: A deeply eroded, medium-sized, complex impact crater in northern Chad? | year=2007 | last1=Buchner | first1=Elmar | last2=Schmieder | first2=Martin | journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences | volume=49 | issue=3 | pages=71–78 | bibcode=2007JAfES..49...71B }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|17|58|N|19|53|E|name=Mousso}}

|-

| Mt. Oikeyama

| Japan

|Japan

| 90

| {{sort|0.03|0.030?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a239.html Oikeyama]{{citation|doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01003.x|title=Micro Raman spectroscopy of anomalous planar microstructures in quartz from Mt. Oikeyama: Discovery of a probable impact crater in Japan|journal=Meteoritics and Planetary Science |volume=45|issue=1|pages=32|year=2010|last1=Sakamoto|first1=Masao|last2=Gucsik|first2=Arnold |last3=Nishido|first3=Hirotsugu|last4=Ninagawa|first4=Kiyotaka|last5=Okumura|first5=Tasuku |last6=Toyoda|first6=Shin|bibcode=2010M&PS...45...32S|doi-access=free}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|35.405|N|138.013|E|name=Oikeyama}}

|-

| Mulkarra

| South Australia

|Australia

| 17

| 105

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a241.html Mulkarra]J. B. Plescia (1999). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1889.pdf Mulkarra Impact Structure, South Australia: A Complex Impact Structure], Lunar and Planetary Science XXX

|

| align="right" | {{coord|27.85|S|138.92|E|name=Mulkarra}}

|-

| Nastapoka (Hudson Bay) arc

| Quebec

|Canada

| 450

| {{sort|1800|1800?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a134.html Nastapoka][http://tsun.sscc.ru/nh/impact.php Expert Database on Earth Impact Structures (EDEIS)], Accessed May 2016Dietz R.S., McHone J.F. (1990). Chesterfield structure (Hudson Bay): possible astrobleme. Lunar and Planet. Sci.: Abstr. Pap. 21st Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., March 12–16. Vol. 21, Houston (Tex.), p. 286Brookfield Michael (2006). The great arc of eastern Hudson Bay, Canada: part of a multi-ringed impact basin. 40 ESLAB Symposium: 1 International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System, Noordwijk, 8–12 May 2006, Noordwijk: ESA, p. 35

| File:Arc_Nastapoka.png

| align="right" | {{coord|57|00|N|78|50|W||name=Hudson Bay}}

|-

| Nadir

| Atlantic Ocean (Guinea Plateau, West Africa)

|

| ≥8.5

| 66 ± 0.8

|

| align="center" | {{cite journal|first=Uisdean |last= Nicholson |display-authors=|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abn3096 |title=The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa: A candidate Cretaceous-Paleogene impact structure|journal=Science Advances |volume=8 |issue=33 |at=eabn3096 |year=2022 |pmid= 35977017 |pmc= 9385158 |bibcode= 2022SciA....8N3096N }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|9.4|N|17.1|W|name=Nadir}}

|-

| North Pole Crater

| Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

| Australia

| 100

| 3,470

|

| align="center" | {{cite journal|last1=Kirkland |first1=C.L. |last2=Johnson |first2=T.E. |last3=Kaempf |first3=J. |last4=Ribeiro |first4=B.V. |last5=Zametzer |first5=A. |last6=Hugh Smithies |first6=R. |last7=McDonald |first7=B. |title=A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia |journal=Nature Communications |volume=16 |article-number=2224 (2025) |date=6 March 2025 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41467-025-57558-3 |doi-access=free |pmid=40050265 |pmc=11885519 |bibcode=2025NatCo..16.2224K }}de Kruijff, P. (6 March 2025). [https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2025-03-06/oldest-known-crater-pilbara-geology-3-47-billion-years-old/105019606 Earth's oldest-known crater discovered in outback WA is 3.47 billion years old, study finds] ABC News. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

|

| align="right" | {{coord|21|02|54|S|119|23|35|E|name=North Pole}}

|-

| Ouro Ndia

| Mali

|Mali

| 3

| {{sort|2.6|<2.6}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a244.html Ouro Ndia]A. Rossi (2002). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2002/pdf/1309.pdf Seven Possible New Impact Structures In Western Africa Detected On Aster Imagery], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII

|

| align="right" | {{coord|14|59.8|N|4|30.0|W||name=Ouro Ndia}}

|-

| Pantasma

| Nicaragua

|Nicaragua

| 10

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a946.html Pantasma]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|13.37|-85.95|name=Pantasma}}

|-

| Panther Mountain

| New York

|United States

| 10

| 375

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a403.html Panther Mountain]{{cite journal | last1 = Isachsen | first1 = Y.W. | year = 1988 | title = Metallic spherules and a microtektite support the interpretation of a buried impact crater beneath Panther Mountain in the central Catskill Mountains, New York | journal = Meteoritics & Planetary Science | volume = 33 | issue = 4| page = 74 |bibcode=1998M&PSA..33R..74I}}Isachsen Y.W., Wright S.F., Revetta F.A., Dineen R.J. (1992). The Panther mountain circular structure, a possible buried meteorite crater. Pap. Present. Int. Conf. Large Meteorite Impacts and Planet. Evol., Sudbury, Aug. 31 – Sept. 2, 1992, Houston (Tex.), p. 40

| File:Panther rosette stream pattern.gif

| align="right" | {{coord|42|03|N|74|24|W|name=Panther Mountain}}

|-

| Peerless

| Montana

|United States

| 6

| {{sort|470|470 ± 10}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a631.html Peerless]J.M. Comstock and J.R. Morrow (2000). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2000/pdf/1297.pdf PEERLESS STRUCTURE SOUTHWESTERN DANIELS COUNTY, MONTANA: A PROBABLE MIDORDOVICIAN IMPACT EVENT], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI

|

| align="right" | {{coord|48.8|N|105.8|W|name=Peerless }}

|-

| Piratininga

| Paraná

|Brazil

| 12

| 117

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a348.html Piratininga]Hachiro J. (2000). Four impact cratering on the Parana sedimentary Basin (South America). The 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 6–17, 2000. Rio de Janeiro: Geol. Surv. Braz., p. 6424

|

| align="right" | {{coord|22|28|S|49|09|W|name=Piratininga}}

|-

| Praia Grande

| Santos Basin, offshore

|Brazil

| 20

| 84

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a674.html Praia Grande]A. Crósta, R. Romano (2004). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1546.pdf Brazilian Impact Craters: A Review], 35th Lunar and Planetary Science ConferenceA. Crósta, M. Vasconcelos (2013). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/pdf/1318.pdf Update On The Current Knowledge Of The Brazilian Impact Craters], 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

|

| align="right" | {{coord|25|39|S|45|37|W|name=prai grande}}

|-

| Ramgarh

| Rajasthan

|India

| 3

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a152.html Ramgarh]Nayak V.K. (1997). The circular structure at Ramgarh, India: an astrobleme(?). LPI Contrib., No. 922, p. 31{{cite journal | last1 = Master | first1 = S. | last2 = Pandit | first2 = M.K. | year = 1999 | title = New evidence for an impact origin of the Ramgarh structure, Rajasthan, India . | journal = Meteoritics & Planetary Science | volume = 34 | issue = 4| page = 79 | bibcode = 1999M&PSA..34R..79M }}{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

| File:Ramgarh Crater.JPG

| align="right" | {{coord|25|20|16|N|76|37|29|E|name=Ramgarh}}

|-

|Rochechouart impact structure

|Rochechouart

|France

|23

|206.9

|

|

|

|{{coord|45|49|27|N|0|46|54|E|region:FR_type:landmark|name=Rochechouart}}

|-

| Ross

| Antarctic Ocean (Ross Sea)

|

| {{sort|600|600?}}

| {{sort|37|<38}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a415.html Ross]Berg J.H. (1991). Crustal xenoliths from Cape McCormick crater, Northern Victoria Land . 6th Int. Symp. Antarct. Earth Eci., Ranran-machi, 9–13 Sept., 1991, Abstr. - [Tokyo], p. 49

|

| align="right" | {{coord|77.5|S|178.5|E||name=Ross}}

|-

| Rubielos de la Cérida

| Spain

|Spain

| {{sort|80|80x40}}

| {{sort|35|30-40}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a171.html Rubielos de la Cérida]Bohor B.F., Foord E.E., Modreski P.J. (1985). Extraterrestrially-derived magnesioferrite at the K-T boundary, Caravaca, Spain. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Vol. 16: Abstr. Pap. 16th Conf., March 11–15, 1985. Pt 1, Houston, Tex., pp. 77–78{{cite journal | bibcode=1996LPI....27..725L | title=The Azuara and Rubielos Structures, Spain: Twin Impact Craters or Alpine Thrust Systems? TEM Investigations on Deformed Quartz Disprove Shock Origin | last1=Langenhorst | first1=F. | last2=Deutsch | first2=A. | journal=Lunar and Planetary Science Conference | year=1996 | volume=27 | page=725 }}{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

| File:Rubielos de la Cérida impact structure-karte topo.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|40.783|N|1.25|W|name=Rubielos}}

|-

| Sakhalinka

| Pacific Ocean (NW)

|

| 12

| 70

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a328.html Sakhalinka]B. Levin, E. Gretskaya, G. Nemchenko (2006). [https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/a-new-astrobleme-in-the-pacific-ocean-6IlR6PaZTP A new astrobleme in the Pacific Ocean], Doklady Earth Sciences, 2006, Vol. 411, No. 8, pp. 1336–1338.Bostwick Jennifer A., Kyte Frank T. (1993). Impact mineralogy and chemistry of the cretaceous-tertiary boundary at DSDP site 576. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Vol. 24. Abstr. Pap. 24th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., March 15–19, 1993. Pt 1., Houston (Tex.), p. 157{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/0012-821X(95)00051-D | title=Magnesioferrite spinel in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sediments of the Pacific basin: Remnants of hot, early ejecta from the Chicxulub impact? | year=1995 | last1=Kyte | first1=Frank T. | last2=Bostwick | first2=Jennifer A. | journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume=132 | issue=1–4 | pages=113–127 | bibcode=1995E&PSL.132..113K }}Kyte Frank T. (1996). A piece of the KT bolide?. Lunar and Planet. Sci. Vol. 27. Abstr. Pap. 27th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., March 18–22, 1996. Pt 2, Houston (Tex.), p. 717

|

| align="right" | {{coord|30|15|N|170|03|E|name=Sakhalinka}}

|-

| São Miguel do Tapuio

| Piauí

|Brazil

| 22

| 120

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a384.html São Miguel do Tapuio]W. D. MacDonald, A. P. Crosta, J. Francolin (2006) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2006/pdf/5156.pdf Structural Dome At São Miguel do Tapuio, Piaui, Brazil], 69th Annual Meteoritical Society MeetingCastelo Branco R.M.G. (2000). Some evidences on northeast Brazilian impact structures (astroblemes). The 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 6–17, 2000, Rio de Janeiro: Geol. Surv. Braz., p. 4479Castelo Branco R.M.G., Lopes de Castro D. (2004). [https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2004/pdf/5229.pdf Geological, geophysical and imaging data of Sao Miguel do Tapuio (SMT) astrobleme, Brazil]. 67th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|5|37.6|S|41|23.3|W|name=Sao Miguel Do Tapuio}}

|-

| Shanghewan

| Jilin

|China

| 30

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a211.html Shanghewan]{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1991LPICo.766...56D|title = Astroblemes Recently Confirmed with Shatter Cones|last1 = Dietz|first1 = R. S.|last2 = McHone|first2 = J. F.|journal = 54th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society|year = 1991|volume = 54|page = 56}}{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1988LPI....19.1296W|title = The Shanghewan Impact Crater, China|last1 = Wu|first1 = S.|journal = Lunar and Planetary Science Conference|year = 1988|volume = 19|page = 1296}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|44|29|N|126|11|E|name=Shangewan}}

|-

| Shiva

| Indian Ocean

|

| 500

| 66

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a633.html Shiva]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|18|40|N|70|14|E|name=Shiva}}

|-

| Shiyli

| Kazakhstan

|Kazakhstan

| 5.5

| {{sort|46|46 ± 7}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a253.html Shiyli]S. A. Vishnevsky (2007). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gap2007/pdf/8013.pdf Shiyli Dome, Kazakhstan: Origin Of Central Uplift By Elastic Response], Workshop on Impact Cratering II{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|49|10|N|57|51|E|name=Shiyli}}

|-

| Silverpit

| Atlantic Ocean (North Sea)

|

| 20

| {{sort|60|60 ± 15}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a168.html Silverpit]{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart SA, Allen PJ |title=A 20-km-diameter multi-ringed impact structure in the North Sea|journal=Nature | volume=418 | issue=6897 | year=2002 | pages=520–523 | pmid=12152076|doi=10.1038/nature00914|bibcode = 2002Natur.418..520S |s2cid=4381323}}Collins G.S., Turtle E.P., Melosh H.J. (2003). Numerical simulations of silverpit crater collapse: a comparison of Tekton and SALES . LPI Contrib., No. 1155, p. 18Stratford R. (2004). Bombarded Britain: A Search for British Impact Structures // Imperial College Press, LondonCollins G., Pain C. C., Wilson C. (2006) MODELLING IMPACT CRATER COLLAPSE IN THREE DIMENSIONSConway Z.K., Haszeldine S., Rider M. (2006). Determining the origin of the Silverpit crater, UK southern North Sea: can you prove the existence of a meteorite crater without geochemical or mineralogical data?. 40 ESLAB Symposium: 1 International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System, Noordwijk, 8–12 May 2006, Noordwijk: ESA, P. 53Cartwright J., Davies R., Stewart S., Wall M. (2006) BURIAL OF THE SILVERPIT METEORITE CRATER

| File:Silverpit northwest perspective.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|54|14|N|1|51|E|name=Silverpit}}

|-

| Sirente

| Abruzzo

|Italy

| 10

| {{sort|0.0017|0.0017
(320 ± 90 AD)}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a768.html Sirente]{{cite journal | last1 = Speranza | first1 = F. | last2 = Nicolosi | first2 = I. | last3 = Ricchetti | first3 = N. | last4 = Etiope | first4 = G. | last5 = Rochette | first5 = P. | last6 = Sagnotti | first6 = L. | last7 = De Ritis | first7 = R. | last8 = Chiappani | first8 = M. | year = 2009 | title = The "Sirente crater field", Italy | journal = J. Geophys. Res. B | volume = 114 | issue = 3| page = B03103/1 | doi = 10.1029/2008JB005759 }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|42|10|38|N|13|35|45|E|name=Sirente}}

|-

| Sithylemenkat Lake

| Alaska

|United States

| 12

| {{sort|0.033|0.033?}}

|

| align="center" | Mikheeva, A.V., 2019. [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a19.html Sithylemenkat Lake (Sythylemenkat) USA, Alaska], [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/index1.html The Complete Catalog of the Earth's Impact structures], ICM&MG SB RAS{{cite journal | last1 = Cannon | first1 = P.J. | year = 1977 | title = Meteorite impact crater discovered in central Alaska with Landsat imagery | journal = Science | volume = 196 | issue = 4296| pages = 1322–1324 | doi = 10.1126/science.196.4296.1322 | pmid = 17831748 | bibcode = 1977Sci...196.1322C | s2cid = 40015482 }}Patton Jr, W.W., Miller, T.P. and Cannon, P.J., 1978. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190218155857/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0d54/81e4c28e2d613e53d6178c28bbac7633af38.pdf Meteorite impact crater in central Alaska. Science], 201(4352), pp. 279–279.Rajmon, D., 2012. [http://www.datapages.com/gis-map-publishing-program/gis-open-files/geothematic/david-rajmon-global-impact-crater-gis-project David Rajmon Global Impact Crater GIS Project] AAPG Datapages, Tulsa Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

|

| align="right" | {{coord|66|07|34|N|151|23|20|W|name=Sithylemenkat}}

|-

| Smerdyacheye Lake

| Moscow Oblast

|Russia

| 20

| {{sort|0.02|0.01–0.03?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a174.html Smerdyacheye]L. L. Kashkarov, D. D. Badjukov, A. I. Ivliev, G. V. Kalinina, and M. A. Nazarov, Vernadsky (2005). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1822.pdf The Smerdyacheye Lake: New Evidence For Impact Origin And Formation Age], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI

| 150px

| align="right" | {{coord|55.735|N|39.823|E|name=Smerdyacheye }}

|-

| Sudan 1 (Red Sea Hills)

| Sudan

|Sudan

| 6

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a234.html Red Sea Hills]G. Di Achille (2005). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1606.pdf A New Candidate Impact Site In Northeastern Sudan Detected From Remote Sensing], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIChabou M.Ch. (2016). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304035970_AN_UPDATED_INVENTORY_OF_METEORITE_IMPACT_STRUCTURES_IN_THE_ARAB_WORLD AN UPDATED INVENTORY OF METEORITE IMPACT STRUCTURES IN THE ARAB WORLD] // Conference: First ArabGU International Conference (AIC-1). February 17–18, 2016. At: FSTGAT-USTHB, Algiers, ALGERIA.

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|17|57.1|N|37|56.1|E|name=Red Sea}}

|-

| Sudan 2 (Bayuda)

| Sudan

|Sudan

| 10

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1496.html Bayuda]A. Sparavigna (2010) [https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.0500 Crater-Like Landform in Bayuda Desert (A Processing of Satellite Images)]{{cite arXiv | eprint=1008.3976 | author1=Amelia Carolina Sparavigna | title=Craters and ring complexes of the North-East Sudanese country | year=2010 | class=physics.geo-ph }}

|{{Location map+|Sudan|float=center|width=150|alt=A map of Sudan showing three craters|caption=|places=

{{Location map~|Sudan|lat=20.032|long=30.229|position=left|label=

{{Location map~|Sudan|lat=18.058|long=33.503|position=left|label=

{{Location map~|Sudan|lat=17.952|long=37.93|position=left|label=

}}

| align="right" | {{Coord|18|03.5|N|33|30.2|E|name=Bayuda}}

|-

| Sudan 3 (Mahas)

| Sudan

|Sudan

| 2.8

| ?

|

| align="center" | {{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|20|01.9|N|30|13.7|E|name=Mahas}}

|-

| Svetloyar Lake

| Nizhy Novgorod

|Russia

| 40

| {{sort|0.0026|0.0026
(600 BC)}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a166.html Svetloyar Lake]V. Feldman, A. Kiselev (2008). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2008/pdf/1198.pdf Shock-melted impactites at the Svetloyar meteorite crater Volga area, Russia], Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

| 150px

| align="right" | {{coord|56.819|N|45.093|E|name=Svetloyar}}

|-

| Takamatsu

| Shikoku

|Japan

| {{sort|6|4-8}}

| 15

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a238.html Takamatsu]Y. Miura (2007) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1188.pdf Analyses Of Surface And Underground Data Of Takamatsu Crater In Japan]. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1995LPI....26..987M|title = Takamatsu Crater Structure: Preliminary Report of Impact Crater in Active Orogenic Region|last1 = Miura|first1 = Y.|last2 = Okamoto|first2 = M.|last3 = Fukuchi|first3 = T.|last4 = Sato|first4 = H.|last5 = Kono|first5 = Y.|last6 = Furumoto|first6 = M.|journal = Lunar and Planetary Science Conference|year = 1995|volume = 26|page = 987}}Miura Y. (2002). Shocked quartz materials found in Japan. 18 General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association "Mineralogy for the New Millennium", Edingurgh, 1–6 Sept., 2002, Edinburgh: IMA, p.105Miura Y., Hirota A. (2002). Impact-related glasses in Japan. Bull. liaison Soc. fr. mineral. et cristallogr., Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 18–19

|

| align="right" | {{coord|34.3|N|134.05|E|name=Takamatsu}}

|-

| Tarek

| Gilf Kebir

|Egypt

| 2.1

| {{sort|112|112?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a646.html Tarek]{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.05.006 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223583325|title=An extended field of crater-shaped structures in the Gilf Kebir region, Egypt: Observations and hypotheses about their origin |year=2006 |last1=Paillou |first1=Philippe |last2=Reynard |first2=Bruno |last3=Malézieux |first3=Jean-Marie |last4=Dejax |first4=Jean |last5=Heggy |first5=Essam |last6=Rochette |first6=Pierre |last7=Reimold |first7=Wolf Uwe |last8=Michel |first8=Patrick |last9=Baratoux |first9=David |last10=Razin |first10=Philippe |last11=Colin |first11=Jean-Paul |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=281–299 |bibcode=2006JAfES..46..281P }}Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Tarek.htm Tarek crater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916234213/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Tarek.htm |date=2016-09-16 }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|24.601|N|27.205|E|name=Tarek}}

|-

| Tatarsky North

| Pacific Ocean (NW)

|

| 14

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1113.html Tatarsky North]B. W. Levin, S. A. Vishnevsky, and N. A. Palchik (2010). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2010/pdf/1189.pdf Underwater depressions on the bottom of the Tatarsky Strait, the Sea of Japan (western coast of the Sakhalin Island, Russia): possible marine impact craters], 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

|

| align="right" | {{coord|49|57|35|N|141|23|40|E|name=Tatarsky1}}

|-

| Tatarsky South

| Pacific Ocean (NW)

|

| 20

| ?

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1112.html Tatarsky South]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|48|17|38|N|141|23|40|E|name=Tatarsky2}}

|-

| Tefé River

| Amazonas

|Brazil

| 15

| {{sort|65|65 ± 20}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1682.html Tefé]J. de Menezes, C. de Souza, F. Fortes, and C. Filho (1999). [http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=47638 Geophysical Evidence Of A Possible Impact Structure At The K-T Boundary Of The Solimões Basin, Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808004712/http://earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=47638 |date=2016-08-08 }}, 6th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society

|

| align="right" | {{coord|4|57|S|66|03|W|name=Tefé }}

|-

| Temimichat

| Tiris Zemmour

|Mauritania

| 0.7

| {{sort|2|2?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a184.html Temimichat]Roger Weller. [http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Temimichet.htm Temimichat crater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916234929/http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/earth-craters/Temimichet.htm |date=2016-09-16 }}

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|24|15|N|9|39|W|name=Temimichat}}

|-

| Tsenkher

| Mongolia

|Mongolia

| 3.6

| 5

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a235.html Tsenkher]G. Komatsu et al. (2015)[http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2015/pdf/1338.pdf The Tsenkher structure, Gobi-Altai, Mongolia: A probable impact crater with well-preserved rampart ejecta]. 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015)Khosbayar P., Ariunbileg Kh. (2000). Impact structure in Mongolia . The 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 6–17, 2000, Rio de Janeiro: Geol. Surv. Braz, p. 6429

|

| align="right" | {{coord|43|38|41|N|98|22|09|E|name=Tsenkher}}

|-

| Toms Canyon

| New Jersey

|United States

| 22

| 35

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a359.html Toms Canyon]Glass B.P. (1987). Coesite associated with North American tektite debris in DSDP site 612 on the continental slope off NEW Jersey . Lunar and Planet. Sci. Houston (Tex.), s.a.. Vol. 18: 18th Conf., Houston Tex., March 16–20, 1987: Abstr. Pap., pp. 328–329{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00113-8 | title=The Toms Canyon structure, New Jersey outer continental shelf: A possible late Eocene impact crater | year=1998 | last1=Poag | first1=C.Wylie | last2=Poppe | first2=Lawrence J. | journal=Marine Geology | volume=145 | issue=1–2 | pages=23–60 | bibcode=1998MGeol.145...23P }}{{cite journal | doi=10.2110/jsr.2011.42 | title=Glauconite Composition and Morphology, Shocked Quartz, and the Origin of the Cretaceous(?) Main Fossiliferous Layer (MFL) in Southern New Jersey, U.S.A. | date=2011 | last1=Obasi | first1=C. C. | last2=Terry | first2=D. O. | last3=Myer | first3=G. H. | last4=Grandstaff | first4=D. E. | journal=Journal of Sedimentary Research | volume=81 | issue=7 | pages=479–494 | bibcode=2011JSedR..81..479O }}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|39|08|N|72|51|W|name=Toms Canyon}}

|-

| Vélingara

| Senegal

|Senegal

| 48

| {{sort|31.5|23-40}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a613.html Vélingara]S. Wade, M. Barbieri, J. Lichtenegger (2001) [http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet106/bul106_13.pdf The Velingara Circular Structure] ESA Bulletin June 2001

| File:Vélingara ring-structur in senegal.png

| align="right" | {{coord|13|02|N|14|08|W|name=Vélingara}}

|-

| Versailles

| Kentucky

|United States

| 1.5

| {{sort|400|<400}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a496.html Versailles]{{Cite journal |bibcode = 1991Metic..26...47H|title = A Shallow Seismic Refraction Study of the Versailles Cryptoexplosion Structure, Central Kentucky|last1 = Harris|first1 = James B.|last2 = Jones|first2 = Daniel R.|last3 = Street|first3 = R. L.|journal = Meteoritics|year = 1991|volume = 26|issue = 1|page = 47|doi = 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1991.tb01014.x}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|38.09|N|84.67|W|name=Versailles}}

|-

| Vichada

| Vichada

|Colombia

| 50

| {{sort|30|30?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a755.html Vichada]

| File:Vichada Structure Skylab G40B091120000.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|4|30|N|69|15|W|name=Vichada}}

|-

| Victoria Island

| California

|United States

| 5.5

| {{sort|43|37-49}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a924.html Victoria Island]

|

| align="right" | {{coord|37.89|-121.53|name=Victoria Island structure}}

|-

| Warburton East

| South Australia

|Australia

| 200

| {{sort|330|300-360}}

|

| align="center" |

|

| align="right" | {{coord|28|S|140.5|E||name=Warbuton}}

|-

| Warburton West

| South Australia

|Australia

| 200

| {{sort|330|300-360}}

|

| align="center" | {{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2014.12.010 | title=Geophysical anomalies and quartz deformation of the Warburton West structure, central Australia | year=2015 | last1=Glikson | first1=A.Y. | last2=Meixner | first2=A.J. | last3=Radke | first3=B. | last4=Uysal | first4=I.T. | last5=Saygin | first5=E. | last6=Vickers | first6=J. | last7=Mernagh | first7=T.P. | journal=Tectonophysics | volume=643 | pages=55–72 }}Glikson, A.Y. and Pirajno, F., 2018. The World’s Largest Late to Post-Archaean Asteroid Impact Structures. In Asteroids Impacts, Crustal Evolution and Related Mineral Systems with Special Reference to Australia (pp. 61-78). Springer, Cham.,{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.003 | title=Structure and origin of Australian ring and dome features with reference to the search for asteroid impact events | year=2018 | last1=Glikson | first1=Andrew | journal=Tectonophysics | volume=722 | pages=175–196 | bibcode=2018Tectp.722..175G | hdl=1885/139145 | hdl-access=free }}

|

|

|-

| Weaubleau (Weaubleau-Osceola)

| Missouri

|United States

| 19

| {{sort|330|330 ± 10}}

|

| align="center" | Dulin S. and Elmore R. D. 2008. Paleomagnetism of the Weaubleau structure, southwestern Missouri. In The sedimentary record of meteorite impacts. (pp. 55-64). Geological Society of America Special Paper No. 437.Evans, K.R., Mickus, K.L., Rovey II, C.W. and Davis, G.H., 2003. [http://www.missourigeologists.org/Meeting2003/RI-75(2003AMGguidebook).pdf#page=7 Field Trip I: The Weaubleau-Osceola Structure: Evidence of a Mississippian Meteorite Impact in Southwestern Missouri.] [http://www.missourigeologists.org/FieldtripsandGuidebooks.htm Association of Missouri Geologists Field Trip Guidebook.] 50th Annual Meeting Springfield, Missouri September 26–27, 2003, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Rollo, MIssouri.Beauford, R.E., 2015. [https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1039/ Physical records of impacts in the early and modern solar system.] PhD thesis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 174 p.

| File:Weaubleau Structure shaded relief.jpg

| align="right" | {{coord|38.0|N|93.6|W|name=Weaubleau}}

|-

| Wembo-Nyama Ring Structure

| Eastern Kasai

|DR Congo

| {{sort|41|36-46}}

| {{sort|60|60?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a879.html Wembo-Nyama]{{cite journal |url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2010/pdf/1601.pdf |journal=Lunar and Planetary Science |volume=XLI |issue=1533 |pages=1601 |date=2010 |title=The Ring Structure of Wembo-Nyama (Eastern Kasai, R.D. Congo): A Possible Impact Crater in Central Africa |author=G. Monegato |author2=M. Massironi |author3=E. Martellato |name-list-style=amp |bibcode=2010LPI....41.1601M }}{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8526093.stm | work=BBC News | title=Ring may be giant 'impact crater' | date=2010-03-10 | access-date=2010-05-08}}

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|3|37|52|S|24|31|07|E|name=Wembo-Nyama ring structure}}

|-

| Wilkes Land 2

| Antarctica

|

| 480

| {{sort|375|250-500}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1054.html Wilkes Land 2]

| File:Antarctica Map Wilkes L Crater.png

| align="right" | {{Coord|70|S|140|E|name=Wilkes}}

|-

| Woodbury

| Georgia

|United States

| 7

| {{sort|500|500 ± 100}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a870.html Woodbury]E. F. Albin and R. S. Harris (2016). [http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/1398.pdf WOODBURY ASTROBLEME: FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A LATE PROTEROZOIC IMPACT STRUCTURE IN WEST-CENTRAL GEORGIA, US], 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference{{Cite journal |last1=Halford |first1=Natalie |last2=Barineau |first2=Clinton |year=2019 |title=The Search for Impact Features in Proposed Target Rocks of the "Woodbury" Structure in the Pine Mountain Belt of Southwestern Georgia |url=https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2019SE/webprogram/Paper327565.html |journal=Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs |volume=51 |issue=3 |doi=10.1130/abs/2019SE-327565|bibcode=2019GSAA...5127565H |s2cid=195549826 }}{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Jeremy |last2=Barineau |first2=Clinton |year=2016 |title=A Case of Mistaken Identity: The "Woodbury" Structure of South Central Georgia |url=https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Paper285522.html |journal=Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs |volume=48 |issue=7 |doi=10.1130/abs/2016AM-285522}}

|

| align="right" | {{Coord|32.92|N|84.55|W|name=Woodbury}}

|-

| Yallalie

| Western Australia

|Australia

| 12

| {{sort|99|99?}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a221.html Yallalie]{{cite journal | last1 = Dentith | first1 = M. | last2 = Bevan | first2 = A. | last3 = Backhouse | first3 = J. | last4 = Featherstone | first4 = W. | last5 = Koeberl | first5 = C. | year = 1999 | title = Yallalie: a Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Perth Basin, Western Australia | url = http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=146448&local_base=GEN01-ERA02 | journal = Geological Magazine | volume = 136 | issue = 6| pages = 619–632 | doi = 10.1017/s0016756899003386 | bibcode = 1999GeoM..136..619D | hdl = 20.500.11937/10289 | s2cid = 38389086 | hdl-access = free }}Grant, B. [http://members.iinet.net.au/~gboxer/4_Yallalie.html The Yallalie Impact Structure].{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00244-3 | title=An Upper Pliocene lacustrine environmental record from south-Western Australia — preliminary results | year=2001 | last1=Dodson | first1=J.R. | last2=Ramrath | first2=A. | journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology | volume=167 | issue=3–4 | pages=309–320 | bibcode=2001PPP...167..309D }}{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.01.013 | title=Palynological evidence for aridity events and vegetation change during the Middle Pliocene, a warm period in Southwestern Australia | year=2004 | last1=Dodson | first1=J. | last2=MacPhail | first2=M. K. | journal=Global and Planetary Change | volume=41 | issue=3–4 | pages=285–307 | bibcode=2004GPC....41..285D }}{{refn|group=note|name=EIDunconfirmed}}

|

| align="right" | {{coord|30|26|40|S|115|46|16|E|name=Yallalie}}

|-

| Zerelia West

| Magnesia

|Greece

| 20

| {{sort|0.007|0.0070
(5000 BC)}}

|

| align="center" | [http://labmpg.sscc.ru/a1360.html Zerelia East & West]

| rowspan="2" |

| align="right" | {{coord|39|09|48|N|22|42|32|E|name=Zerelia West}}

|-

| Zerelia East

| Magnesia

|Greece

| 10

| {{sort|0.007|0.0070
(5000 BC)}}

|

| align="center" | {{cite journal | bibcode = 2013SolED...5.1511D | title=The enigmatic Zerelia twin-lakes (Thessaly, Central Greece): two potential meteorite impact Craters | journal=Solid Earth Discussions | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=1511–1573 | date=2013 | doi=10.5194/sed-5-1511-2013| last1=Dietrich | first1=V. J | last2=Lagios | first2=E | last3=Reusser | first3=E | last4=Sakkas | first4=V | last5=Gartzos | first5=E | last6=Kyriakopoulos | first6=K | s2cid=56034694 | doi-access=free }}

| align="right" | {{coord|39|09|43|N|22|42|51|E|name=Zerelia East}}

|-

|}

Russia's Lake Cheko is thought by one research group to be the result of the famous Tunguska event, although sediments in the lake have been dated back more than 5,000 years. There is highly speculative conjecture about the supposed Sirente impact (c. 320 ± 90 AD) having caused the Roman emperor Constantine's vision at Milvian Bridge.{{cite web

| last = Whitehouse

| first = David

| title = Space impact 'saved Christianity'

| work = BBC News

| publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation

| date = 2003-06-23

| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3013146.stm

| access-date = 2009-09-10 }}{{better source needed|date=April 2019}}

The Burckle crater and Umm al Binni structure are proposed to be behind the floods that affected Sumerian civilization.Sandra Blakeslee (2006). [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/science/14WAVE.html Ancient Crash, Epic Wave]Master, S. (2002) Umm al Binni lake, a possible Holocene impact structure in the marshes of southern Iraq. In: Leroy, S. and Stewart, I.S. (Eds.), Environmental Catastrophes and Recovery in the Holocene, Abstracts Volume, Brunel University, UK, 29 August – 2 September 2002, pp. 56–57 The Kachchh impact may have been witnessed by the Harappan civilization and mentioned as a fireball in Sanskrit texts.R. V. Karanth, P. Thakker, and M. Gadhavi 2006. [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/oct102006/877.pdf A preliminary report on the possible impact crater of Kachchh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701150024/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/oct102006/877.pdf |date=2016-07-01 }}, Current Science, vol. 91, no. 7, October 2006

Shortly after the Hiawatha Crater was discovered, researchers suggested that the impact could have occurred as late as ~12,800 years ago, leading some to associate it with the controversial Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH).{{cite journal|first=Kurt H. |last=Kjær |display-authors=|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar8173|pmid=30443592 |pmc=6235527 |title=A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland|journal=Science Advances |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=eaar8173 |date=November 2018 |bibcode=2018SciA....4.8173K }} James Kennett, a leading advocate of the YDIH said, "I'd unequivocally predict that this crater is the same age as the Younger Dryas."{{Cite web |last=Voosen |first=Paul |name-list-style=vanc |date=14 November 2018 |title=Massive crater under Greenland's ice points to climate-altering impact in the time of humans |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/massive-crater-under-greenland-s-ice-points-climate-altering-impact-time-humans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113194450/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/11/massive-crater-under-greenland-s-ice-points-climate-altering-impact-time-humans |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Sciencemag.org |publisher=Science}}

These claims were criticised by other scholars. According to impact physicist Mark Boslough writing for Skeptical Inquirer the first reports of the impact released by science journalist Paul Voosen focused on this being a young crater which according to Boslough "set the tone for virtually all the media reporting to follow". Boslough argued, based on evidence and statistical probability, that once the crater has been drilled and researched "it will turn out to be much older." He complained that this important discovery "was tainted by connections to a widely discredited hypothesis and speculations that did not make it through peer review".{{Cite journal |last=Boslough |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Boslough |name-list-style=vanc |date=March 2019 |title=Crater Discovery Story Flawed by Premature Link to Speculative Impact Hypothesis |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=6–7}} The YDIH has since been refuted comprehensively by a team of earth scientists and impact experts.{{Cite journal |last1=Holliday |first1=Vance T. |last2=Daulton |first2=Tyrone L. |last3=Bartlein |first3=Patrick J. |last4=Boslough |first4=Mark B. |last5=Breslawski |first5=Ryan P. |last6=Fisher |first6=Abigail E. |last7=Jorgeson |first7=Ian A. |last8=Scott |first8=Andrew C. |last9=Koeberl |first9=Christian |last10=Marlon |first10=Jennifer |last11=Severinghaus |first11=Jeffrey |last12=Petaev |first12=Michail I. |last13=Claeys |first13=Philippe |date=2023-07-26 |title=Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=247 |language=en |pages=104502 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502|s2cid=260218223 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ESRv..24704502H }}

A 2022 study using Argon–Argon dating of shocked zircon crystals in impact melt rocks found outwash less than 10 km downstream of the glacier pushed the estimate back to around 57.99 ± 0.54 million years ago, during the late Paleocene.{{cite web |last1=Copenhagen |first1=University of |title=Giant impact crater in Greenland occurred a few million years after dinosaurs went extinct |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-giant-impact-crater-greenland-million.html |website=phys.org |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220310020001/https://phys.org/news/2022-03-giant-impact-crater-greenland-million.html |archive-date=10 March 2022 |language=en |date=9 March 2022 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Kenny |first1=Gavin G. |last2=Hyde |first2=William R. |last3=Storey |first3=Michael |last4=Garde |first4=Adam A. |last5=Whitehouse |first5=Martin J. |last6=Beck |first6=Pierre |last7=Johansson |first7=Leif |last8=Søndergaard |first8=Anne Sofie |last9=Bjørk |first9=Anders A. |last10=MacGregor |first10=Joseph A. |last11=Khan |first11=Shfaqat A. |last12=Mouginot |first12=Jérémie |last13=Johnson |first13=Brandon C. |last14=Silber |first14=Elizabeth A. |last15=Wielandt |first15=Daniel K. P. |last16=Kjær |first16=Kurt H. |last17=Larsen |first17=Nicolaj K. |title=A Late Paleocene age for Greenland's Hiawatha impact structure |journal=Science Advances |date=11 March 2022 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=eabm2434 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abm2434|pmid=35263140|pmc=8906741 |bibcode=2022SciA....8M2434K }} Confirmation would require drilling almost {{cvt|1|km|ft|spell=in}} through the ice sheet above the crater to obtain a sample of dateable, solidified impact melt from the crater.

The age of the Bloody Creek crater{{cite journal |last1=Stevens |first1=G |first2=I |last2=Spooner |first3=J |last3=Morrow |first4=P |last4=Pufahl |first5=R |last5=Raeside |first6=RAF |last6=Grieve |first7=CR |last7=Stanley |first8=SM |last8=Barr |first9=D |last9=McMullin |year=2008 |title=Physical evidence of a late-glacial (Younger Dryas?) impact event in southwestern Nova Scotia |journal=Atlantic Geology |volume=44 |pages=42}} is uncertain.

As the trend in the Earth Impact Database for about 26 confirmed craters younger than a million years old shows that almost all are less than {{cvt|2|km|spell=in||||}} in diameter (except the {{cvt|3|km|spell=in||||}} Agoudal and {{cvt|4|km|spell=in||||}} Rio Cuarto), the suggestion that two large craters, Mahuika ({{cvt|20|km|||||}}) and Burckle ({{cvt|30|km|||||}}), formed only within the last few millennia has been met with skepticism.{{Cite journal|author=Goff, James|year=2010|title=Analysis of the Mahuika comet impact tsunami hypothesis|journal=Marine Geology|volume=271|issue=3/4 |pages=292–296|doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.020|display-authors=etal|bibcode=2010MGeol.271..292G}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1130/G25246A.1 |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/jbourgeo/BourgeoisWeiss2009final.pdf |title='Chevrons' are not mega-tsunami deposits – A sedimentologic assessment|year=2009|last1=Bourgeois|first1=Joanne|last2=Weiss|first2=Robert|journal=Geology|volume=37|issue=5|pages=403–406|bibcode=2009Geo....37..403B}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1130/GSAT01801GW.1|title=Impacts, mega-tsunami, and other extraordinary claims|year=2008|last1=Pinter|first1=Nicholas|last2=Ishman|first2=Scott E.|journal=GSA Today|volume=18|issue=1 |page=37|doi-access=free|bibcode=2008GSAT...18a..37P }} However, the source of the young (less than a million years old) and enormous Australasian strewnfield (c. 790 ka) is suggested to be a crater about {{cvt|100|km|||||}} across somewhere in Indochina,Povenmire H., Liu W. and Xianlin I. (1999) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1072.pdf "Australasian tektites found in Guangxi Province, China"], 30th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 1999.{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1029/94JE01866|title = Geographic variation in Australasian microtektite concentrations: Implications concerning the location and size of the source crater|year = 1994|last1 = Glass|first1 = B. P.|last2 = Pizzuto|first2 = J. E.|journal = Journal of Geophysical Research|volume = 99|issue = E9|page = 19075|bibcode = 1994JGR....9919075G}} with Hartung and Koeberl (1994) proposing the elongated {{cvt|100|x|35|km|||}} Tonlé Sap lake in Cambodia (visible in the map at the side) as a suspect structure.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.1994.tb00606.x| title=In search of the Australasian tektite source crater: The Tonle Sap hypothesis| year=1994| last1=Hartung| first1=Jack| last2=Koeberl| first2=Christian| journal=Meteoritics| volume=29| issue=3| pages=411–416| bibcode=1994Metic..29..411H}}

The Decorah crater has been conjectured as being part of the Ordovician meteor event.{{cite news|last=Vastag|first=Brian|title=Crater found in Iowa points to asteroid break-up 470 million years ago|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/crater-found-in-iowa-points-to-asteroid-break-up-470-million-years-ago/2013/02/18/545131f8-76d5-11e2-aa12-e6cf1d31106b_story.html?wprss=rss_national|access-date=19 February 2013|newspaper=Washington Post|date=18 February 2013}}{{better source needed|date=April 2019}}

Several twin impacts have been proposed, such as the Rubielos de la Cérida and Azuara (30–40 Ma),{{cite journal |last1=Ernstson |first1=K. |last2=Claudin |first2=F. |last3=Schüssler |first3=U. |last4=Hradil |first4=K. |year=2002 |url=http://www.impact-structures.com/pdfall.pdf |title=The mid-Tertiary Azuara and Rubielos de la Cérida paired impact structures (Spain)|journal=Treb. Mus. Geol. Barcelona |volume=11 |pages=5–65}} Cerro Jarau and Piratininga (c. 117 Ma), and Warburton East and West (300–360 Ma).[http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/world-s-largest-asteroid-impact-zone-found-in-australia-1.3006800 World's largest asteroid impact zone found in Australia]: Meteorite broke in two, leaving two craters each 200 km across. Mar 24, 2015 However, adjacent craters may not necessarily have formed at the same time, as demonstrated by the case of the confirmed Clearwater East and West lakes.

Some confirmed impacts like Sudbury or Chicxulub are also sources of magnetic anomalies[http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/b6c521eb-5155-522a-96cc-b8c9e5ed4b65.html Magnetic anomaly map, Sudbury, Ontario and Quebec]. Natural Resources Canada and/or gravity anomalies. The magnetic anomalies Bangui and Jackpine Creek, the gravity anomalies Wilkes Land crater and Falkland Islands,{{cite journal |first1=M. |last1=Rocca |first2=J. |last2=Presser |year=2015 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283123311 |title=A possible new very large impact structure in Malvinas Islands |journal=Historia Natural, Tercera Series |volume=5 |issue=2}} and others have been considered as being of impact origin. Bangui apparently has been discredited,L. Antoine, W. Reimold, and A. Tessema (1999) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc99/pdf/5087.pdf The Bangui Magnetic Anomaly Revisited], 62nd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting but appears again in a 2014 table of unconfirmed structures in Africa by Reimold and Koeberl.

Several anomalies in Williston Basin were identified by Swatzky in the 1970s as astroblemes including Viewfield, Red Wing Creek, Eagle Butte, Dumas, and Hartney, of which only the last two are unconfirmed.

The Eltanin impact has been confirmed (via an iridium anomaly and meteoritic material from ocean cores) but, as it fell into the Pacific Ocean, apparently no crater was formed. The age of Silverpit and the confirmed Boltysh crater (65.17 ± 0.64 Ma), as well as their latitude, has led to the speculative hypothesis that there may have been several impacts during the KT boundary.Howard Falcon-Lang (2010). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11112417 Double space strike 'caused dinosaur extinction'], BBC News{{cite journal | last1 = Jolley | first1 = D. | last2 = Gilmour | first2 = I. | last3 = Gurov | first3 = E. | last4 = Kelley | first4 = S. | last5 = Watson | first5 = J. | year = 2010 | title = Two large meteorite impacts at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = Geology | volume = 38 | issue = 9| pages = 835–838 | doi = 10.1130/G31034.1 | bibcode = 2010Geo....38..835J | s2cid = 120172960 | url = http://oro.open.ac.uk/22382/1/Jolley_et_al_2010.pdf }} Of the five oceans in descending order by area, namely the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic, only the smallest (the Arctic) does not yet have a proposed unconfirmed impact crater.

Craters larger than {{convert|100|km|mi}} in the Phanerozoic (after 541 Ma) are notable for their size as well as for the possible coeval events associated with them especially the major extinction events.

For example, the Ishim impact structure is conjectured to be bounded by the late Ordovician-early Silurian (c. 445 ± 5 Ma), the two Warburton basins have been linked to the Late Devonian extinction (c. 360 Ma), both Bedout and the Wilkes Land crater have been associated with the severe Permian–Triassic extinction event (c. 252 Ma), Manicouagan (c. 215 Ma) was once thought to be connected to the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event (c. 201 Ma) but more recent dating has made it unlikely, while the consensus is the Chicxulub impact caused the one for Cretaceous–Paleogene (c. 66 Ma).

However, other extinction theories employ coeval periods of massive volcanism such as the Siberian Traps (Permian-Triassic) and Deccan Traps (Cretaceous-Paleogene).

File:Australasian strewnfield.jpg. Shaded areas represent tektite finds.]]

There is geological evidence for impact events having taken place on Earth on certain specific occasions, which should have formed craters, but for which no impact craters have been found. In some cases this is because of erosion and Earth's crust having been recycled through plate tectonics, in others likely because exploration of the Earth's surface is incomplete, or because no actual crater was formed because the impacting object exploded as a cosmic air burst. Typically the ages are already known and the diameters can be estimated.

Some geological processes can result in circular or near-circular features that may be mistaken for impact craters. Some examples are calderas, maars, sinkholes, glacial cirques, igneous intrusions, ring dikes, salt domes, geologic domes, ventifacts, tuff rings, forest rings, and others. Conversely, an impact crater may originally be thought as one of these geological features, like Meteor Crater (as a maar) or Upheaval Dome (as a salt dome).

The presence of shock metamorphism and shatter cones are important criteria in favor of an impact interpretation, though massive landslides (such as the Köfels landslide of 7800 BC which was once thought to be impact-related) may produce shock-like fused rocks called "frictionite".{{Cite journal |author=Weidinger JT, Korup O |year=2008 |title=Frictionite as evidence for a large Late Quaternary rockslide near Kanchenjunga, Sikkim Himalayas, India – Implications for extreme events in mountain relief destruction |journal=Geomorphology |volume=103 |number=1 |pages=57–65 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.10.021|bibcode=2009Geomo.103...57W }}

File:Crater lake oregon.jpg|Crater Lake, Oregon (a caldera)

File:Maare.jpg|Three maars in Germany

File:Great Blue Hole.jpg|Great Blue Hole, Belize (a sinkhole)

File:2013-09-09 12 34 02 View of the Verdi Lake from Verdi Peaks.jpg|Verdi Lake (a glacial cirque)

File:Kondyor-view.jpg|Kondyor Massif or Konder (an igneous intrusion)Mika McKinnon (2015). [http://space.gizmodo.com/this-is-not-a-crater-so-what-is-it-1677228983 This Is Not A Crater, So What Is It?] at space.gizmodo.com

File:Melville Island salt diapir.png|Salt domes on Melville Island

File:ASTER Richat.jpg|The Richat structure (a geologic dome){{cite journal | last1 = Dietz | first1 = R.S. | last2 = Fudali | first2 = R. | last3 = Cassidy | first3 = W. | year = 1969 | title = Richat and Semsiyat Domes (Mauritania): Not Astroblemes | url = http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/80/7/1367.short | journal = Geological Society of America | volume = 80 | issue = 7| pages = 1367–1372 | doi = 10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1367:rasdmn]2.0.co;2 | bibcode = 1969GSAB...80.1367D }}

File:Arkenu craters.jpg|The Arkenu structures (a pair of ring dikes)

File:ISS-47 Brukkaros Mountain, Namibia.jpg|Brukkaros Mountain (a tuff ring)

File:Boreal Forest Ring.jpg|A forest ring in Ontario

• Earth Impact Database
• Gliese 710 – example of gravitational perturbations (in mega-year scale) of the Solar System
• Impact Field Studies Group
• Impact craters
• Impact events
• List of impact craters on Earth
• Meteor air burst
• Tollmann's bolide hypothesis
• Traces of Catastrophe, 1998 book from Lunar and Planetary Institute – comprehensive reference on impact crater science

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{reflist|30em|refs=

{{Cite journal|title=Frequency of the formation of large terrestrial impact craters|journal=Meteoritics|volume=11|pages=270|author=Frank Dachille (1976).|bibcode=1976Metic..11..270D|year=1976}}

Zeylik B. S.; Seytmuratova E. Yu, 1974: A meteorite-impact structure in central Kazakhstan and its magmatic-ore controlling role. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 1, pp. 167–170

Stephen Luntz (2013). [http://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-may-2013/huge-asteroid-impact-identified.html Huge Asteroid Impact Identified]. Australasian Science

Becker L., Shukolyukov A., Macassic C., Lugmair G. & Poreda R. 2006. Extraterrestrial Chromium at the Graphite Peak P/Tr boundary and in the Bedout Impact Melt Breccia. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII (2006), abstract # 2321.[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/2321.pdf PDF]

{{cite web |last=Gorder |first=Pam Frost |date=June 1, 2006 |title=Big Bang in Antarctica – Killer Crater Found Under Ice |publisher=Ohio State University Research News |url=http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/erthboom.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306140004/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/erthboom.htm |archive-date=March 6, 2016 }}

{{cite journal|first=J.P.|last=Hodych|author2=G.R.Dunning|title=Did the Manicouagan impact trigger end-of-Triassic mass extinction?|journal=Geology|volume=20|issue=1|date=1992|pages=51.54|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0051:DTMITE>2.3.CO;2|bibcode = 1992Geo....20...51H }}

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• {{citation |last=Mikheeva |first=Anna |year=2019 |title=The Complete Catalog of the Earth's Impact structures |url=http://labmpg.sscc.ru/impact/index1.html |publisher=Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2019-04-02}}

• [https://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase/ Earth Impact Database] – List of confirmed earth impact sites at the Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick
• [http://impacts.rajmon.cz Impact Database] (formerly Suspected Earth Impact Sites list) maintained by David Rajmon for [https://web.archive.org/web/20140816123552/http://web.eps.utk.edu/~faculty/ifsg.htm Impact Field Studies Group], US

{{Impact cratering on Earth}}

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Category:Lists of coordinates

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