Máfil
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Máfil
| other_name =
| native_name =
| nickname =
| motto =
| settlement_type = Commune
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Bandera de Máfil.png
| flag_size =
| image_shield = Escudo de Máfil.png
| shield_size = 100px
| image_map = Comuna_de_Máfil.svg
| mapsize =
| map_caption = Location of the Commune of Máfil
| map_alt = Location of the Commune of Máfil
| pushpin_map_narrow = yes
| pushpin_map = Chile
| pushpin_mapsize = 175
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt = Location in Chile
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chile
| coordinates = {{coord|39|39|S|72|57|W|region:CL-LR|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Chile
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Los Rios
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = Valdivia
| government_type = Municipality
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Alcalde
| leader_name = Andrés Lara Martínez
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 17 July 1964
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 582.7
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 14
| population_total = 7212
| population_as_of = 2012 Census
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_blank1_title = Urban
| population_blank1 = 4250
| population_blank2_title = Rural
| population_blank2 = 3417
| demographics_type1 = Sex
| demographics1_title1 = Men
| demographics1_info1 = 3,773
| demographics1_title2 = Women
| demographics1_info2 = 3,440
| timezone = CLT{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713071639/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |archivedate=13 July 2010 }}
| utc_offset = -4
| timezone_DST = CLST{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |archivedate=11 September 2007 }}
| utc_offset_DST = -3
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code = 56 + 63
| website = [http://www.munimafil.cl/ Municipality of Máfil]
| footnotes =
}}
Máfil (Mapudungun for embraced between rivers) is a city and commune of the Valdivia Province, Los Ríos Region in southern Chile, about 30 km northeast of Valdivia.
The commune is the site of a diary industry{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=56}} and the town of Máfil a local centre of commerce and services such as basic education and a community health center.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=62–63}}{{Cite web |url=https://saludresponde.minsal.cl/lugares-los-rios/ |title=Lugares Los Ríos |access-date=2023-05-10 |publisher=Ministry of Health |language=Spanish}} Relative to other communes of Los Ríos Region Máfil stands out for its central position and good road connections to the surrounding communes.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=28}}
The climate of Máfil is temperate oceanic with at least four dry months.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=34}} A total of 803 mm of precipitation occurs in winter and 189 mm in summer according to averages calculated in 1989.{{Cite web |url=https://observatorio.ciren.cl/profile/clima/mafil-la-union?climaregion=9 |title=Mafil - La Unión |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Observatorio Institucional |publisher=CIREN |language=Spanish}} The natural vegetation of Máfil is Valdivian temperate forests.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=34}}
The main natural resources of Máfil are the forest and their timber, the gold of Madre de Dios and coal in Pupunahue and Millahuillín.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|pp=37–38}}{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=41}} The commune has soils of volcanic origin including trumaos.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=30}}
History
The lands of Máfil were formerly known as Pidey and were chiefly populated by Huilliches.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=19}} In the second half of the 19th century, German farmers settled in Máfil.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=54}} The change in name to Máfil is attributed to a land survey map published in 1910 where it appeared.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|p=19}} In 1953 a large coal gasification plant began to be developed in Pupunahue by CORFO.{{sfn|Aliaga Armijo|Sepúlveda Márquez|2009|pp=17}}{{sfn|Aliaga Armijo|Sepúlveda Márquez|2009|pp=25}} The plant was to gasify coal using German technology from World War II to then create in the long term a larger plant in Magallanes Region where coal deposits were larger.{{sfn|Aliaga Armijo|Sepúlveda Márquez|2009|pp=27}} The building of the gasification plant was halted during the government of Jorge Alessandri and its infrastructure and materials were subsequently either sold, abandoned or stolen.{{sfn|Aliaga Armijo|Sepúlveda Márquez|2009|pp=27}}
The commune was created in 1964 during the government of Jorge Alessandri.{{sfn|Fierro Ascencio|2009|pp=20–21}}
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Máfil spans an area of {{convert|582.7|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and has 7,213 inhabitants (3,773 men and 3,440 women). Of these, 3,796 (52.6%) lived in urban areas and 3,417 (47.4%) in rural areas. The population fell by 7% (547 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. The town of Máfil had 5,237 inhabitants according to the 2017 census.{{cite web |url=https://geoarchivos.ine.cl/File/pub/Cd_Pb_Al_Cs_2019.pdf |title=Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caceríos 2019 |publisher= National Statistics Institute|date=2019 |access-date=November 1, 2020|language=es}}
Administration
As a commune, Máfil is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. the alcalde is Claudio Sepúlveda Miranda r.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Máfil is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marcos Ilabaca (PS), Gastón von Mühlenbrock (UDI), Bernardo Berger (ind-RN), Patricio Rosas (ind-CS) and Ana María Bravo (PS) as part of the 24th electoral district (Los Ríos Region). The commune is represented in the Senate during the 2022–2030 period by Alfonso de Urresti (PS), Iván Flores (PDC) and María José Gatica (RN) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Los Ríos Region).
{{Geographic Location (8-way)
| Centre = Máfil
| Northwest =
| North = Mariquina
| Northeast = Lanco
| East = Panguipulli
| Southeast =
| South = Los Lagos
| Southwest = Valdivia
| West =
}}
References
=Books=
- {{Cite book |title=Memorias Bajo Tierra: (Re)construcción de la Memoria Colectiva en torno a la minería del Cárbon en la Comuna de Máfil (1935-2001) |last=Aliaga Armijo |first=Paula |year=2009 |language=Spanish |last2=Sepúlveda Márquez |first2=Cristian}}
- {{Cite book |title=Máfil en la Historia y la Memoria 1930-1964 |last=Fierro Ascencio |first=Marcia Evelyn |year=2009 |isbn=978-956-8803-00-1 |edition= |language=Spanish}}
External links
- {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20030417074258/http://www.munimafil.cl/ Municipality of Máfil]
{{Communes in Los Ríos Region}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mafil}}