MBB Bo 209 Monsun
{{Short description|Two-seat light single engine aircraft developed in Germany in1968 by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= Bo 209 Monsun
|image= File:MBB Bo209-150FF Monsun ‘G-AZTA’ (43983983110).jpg
|caption=
|type= Civil utility aircraft
|national_origin= West Germany
|designer=
|first_flight= 22 December 1967 (MHK-101)
|introduction=
|retired=
|status=
|primary_user=
|more_users=
|produced=
|number_built= 2 MHK-101 and 102 Bo 209
|variants=
|developed_into= Mylius My-103 Mistral
}}
The MBB Bo 209 Monsun (originally the Bölkow MHK-101) is a two-seat light aircraft that was designed by the West German company Bölkow and originally produced by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB).
The Bo 209 was designed during the mid 1960s, initially as a modest undertaking, to produce a successor to the Bölkow Bo 208. It was a more versatile aircraft that possessed a larger cockpit and a new foldable wing while also retaining some commonality with the Bo 208. The cockpit could be furnished with a wide array of instrumentation options. On 22 December 1967, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight. In April 1969, the type was formally selected to replace the Bo 208 in production; the Bo 209 made its first public appearance later that same year. However, in March 1972, MBB (into which Bölkow had merged) announced that it would terminate production of the Bo 209 after completing 100 aircraft.
There have been several efforts since the early 1970s to produce the Bo 209. The first was by the German firm Pneuma-Technik E. Ficht, which established Monson Gmbh to produce the type at Weiden, Bavaria, but only two aircraft were finished before production ended during June 1974. During the mid-1970s, an American investor sought to setup production of the Bo 209 in Georgia; this effort, which was undertaken in coordination with MBB, did not achieve quantity production and collapsed amid the investor's financial difficulties. During the late 1990s, a highly revised version of the Bo 209 was launched by Mylius Flugzeugwerk GmbH & Co KG, a Bitburg-based firm that Dr. Mylius's son, Albert Mylius, was involved in; two models, the Mylius My 102 Tornado and Mylius My-103 Mistral, were developed.
Design and development
The Monsun was designed by three Bölkow engineers, headed by Bölkow's technical director Dr Hermann Mylius, in their spare time with the intention of creating a more versatile aircraft than the Bölkow Bo 208; design work commenced during 1965.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=46}}{{sfn|Taylor|1968|pp=80–81}} The needs and preferences of international aviators, such as in the North American market, was taken into account during this design process, a focus that led to the future aircraft possessing a high degree of versatility. Amongst other things, it was designed to be stored in domestic garages rather than hangars (as an economy measure) as well as the ability to retract the nose gear on the ground to better permit it to be towed.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=40}}
The resulting aircraft, designated the MHK-101, was a low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction with a tricycle undercarriage, which had fixed mainwheels along with the option for the nosewheel to be fixed or retractable. While the MHK-101 shared several components of the preceding Bo-208, it had a larger and more comfortable cockpit, and an entirely new wing, which could be folded for towing and storage (the Bo 208 was a high-wing aircraft).{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=46}}{{sfn|Taylor|1968|pp=80–81}} The cockpit, which was fitted with deeply padded seats and a tinted bubble canopy, was designed to accommodate sophisticated instrumentation, which could be fitted upon customer request. Optional equipment has included a transponder, navcom, VHF omnidirectional range, automatic direction finder, ice detector, emergency locator beacon, and various audio systems.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|pp=40, 43}}
On 22 December 1967, the first prototype MHK-101, powered by a {{convert|125|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lycoming O-235 engine driving a fixed-pitch propeller and with a retractable nosewheel, performed its maiden flight.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|pp=46–47}}{{sfn|Taylor|1968|p=81}} It quickly proved itself to be a manoeuvrable and responsive aircraft; being designed to withstand up to three negative Gs and six positive Gs, it was considered to be suitable for performing aerobatics.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|pp=40, 43, 84}} Somewhat unusually, in place of conventional toe brakes, hand-actuated brakes were fitted instead.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}}
File:MBB Bo209-160RV Monsun ‘G-AYPE’ (40637772154).jpg
In April 1969, Bölkow selected the MK-101 to replace the Bo 208 in production, with the type becoming the "Bölkow Bo 209 Monson".{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=46}} One month later, the second prototype made its first flight.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=47}} That same year, the type made its first public appearance at the Paris Air Show.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}} Furthermore, Messerschmitt-Bölkow merged with Blohm & Voss to become Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm, with the aircraft becoming the MBB Bo 209.{{sfn|Taylor|1971|p=88}}
The aircraft, which was offered with a variety of engines, a choice of fixed or variable pitch propellers and fixed or retractable nosewheels, entered production at MBB's Laupheim factory early in 1970 and received its type certificate on 9 April 1970.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|pp=46–47}} A considerable number of components, most prominently the Lycoming O-320 engine, were imported from the United States.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}}
By the time of the company’s display of the aircraft at the Hanover Air Show in 1970, 57 orders of the new type had been secured and commercial success of the project seemed to be well on course.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} However, in March 1972, MBB opted to terminate production of the Bo 209; one motivating factor was to concentrate the firm’s resources on the MBB Bo 105 helicopter.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 3|pp=75–76}} A total of 100 Bo 209s were produced in addition to the two prototypes.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|pp=47–48}}{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 3|pp=73–75}}{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=40}}
The rights to the Bo 208 were put up for sale and promptly acquired by the German company Pneuma-Technik E. Ficht; it restarted production of the Monsun at Weiden, Bavaria, setting up Monson Gmbh in November 1973, but only two aircraft were completed prior to production ending for a second time during June 1974.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 3|p=76}}
During the mid-1970s, an American businessman opted to invest in the Bo 209; this scheme did progress to the extent that funding was secured and the shipping of both factory equipment and inventory to Georgia had commenced with the intention of producing the type in the US.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}} However, before this transition had been completed, the endeavour came to an abrupt end when the businessman committed suicide after losses in stock market speculation. Consequently, only two complete Bo 209s were believed to be operating in North America by the end of the decade.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}} While further approaches were made by prospective investors to resume production of the type, MBB’s management was reportedly reluctant to commit to such proposals.{{sfn|Weiman|1979|p=43}}
During the late 1990s, Dr. Mylius's son, Albert Mylius, completed a totally revised version of his father's design under a new company, Mylius Flugzeugwerk GmbH & Co KG, based in Bitburg. Two models were produced, the Mylius My 102 Tornado, a single seat developed as a low cost aerobatic airplane, and the twin-seat Mylius My-103 Mistral. These aircraft feature numerous variations over the original Bo 209 design, including a wider cockpit, a more powerful 200 hp engine, better handling characteristics and improved overall performance (including aerobatic rating). {{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 3|p=76}}{{sfn|Taylor|1975|p=94}}
Variants
- MHK-101 prototype{{sfn|Taylor|1968|p=81}}
- Bo 209-125 - proposed production version with {{convert|125|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lycoming O-235 engine.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=47}} No production.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|pp=47–48}}{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 3|pp=73–75}}
- Bo 209-150 - production version with {{convert|150|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lycoming O-320-E1C engine.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=47}}{{sfn|Taylor|1971|p=88}}
- Bo 209-160 - production version with {{convert|160|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lycoming IO-320-D1A engine.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=47}}{{sfn|Taylor|1971|p=88}}
- Bo 209S - trainer version with dual controls, non-retracting nosewheel, and non-folding wings, powered by {{convert|130|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Rolls-Royce Continental O-240-A.{{sfn|Archive 1991 No. 2|p=47}}{{sfn|Taylor|1971|p=88}}
Specifications (Bo 209-160)
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971-72{{sfn|Taylor|1971|pp=88–89}}
|prime units?= met
|genhide=
|crew= one
|capacity= one passenger
|length m= 6.60
|length ft=
|length in=
|span m= 8.40
|span ft=
|span in=
|height m= 2.20
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm= 10.22
|wing area sqft=
|aspect ratio= 6.8:1
|airfoil= NACA 64215 at root, NACA 64212 at tip
|empty weight kg= 484
|empty weight lb=
|max takeoff weight kg= 820
|gross weight lb=
|fuel capacity= {{convert|140|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|eng1 number= 1
|eng1 name= Lycoming O-320-D1A
|eng1 type= air-cooled flat-four engine
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp= 160
|prop blade number=
|prop name=
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|perfhide=
|max speed kmh= 274
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh= 243
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed note= at {{convert|8000|ft|m|order=flip}} (econ. cruise, 65% power)
|stall speed kmh= 100
|stall speed note= (flaps down)
|never exceed speed kmh= 320
|never exceed speed note=
|range km= 1,200
|range miles=
|range note= (65% power, no reserves)
|endurance= five hours and 14 minutes
|ceiling m= 5,520
|ceiling ft=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin= 1,180
|time to altitude= Two minutes and 48 seconds to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}
See also
{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also=
}}
References
=Citations=
{{reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite magazine |title=Aircraft of European Civil Registers : 6: The Bölkow Lightplanes: Part Six |magazine=Archive |publisher=Air-Britain |year=1991 |issue=2 |pages=45–48 |issn=0262-4923 |ref={{harvid|Archive 1991 No. 2}}}}
- {{cite magazine |title=Aircraft of European Civil Registers : 6: The Bölkow Lightplanes: Part Seven |magazine=Archive |publisher=Air-Britain |year=1991 |issue=3 |pages=73–76 |issn=0262-4923 |ref={{harvid|Archive 1991 No. 3}}}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first= John W. R. |editor-link= John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1968-69 |year=1968 |location=London, UK |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. }}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first= John W. R. |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971-72 |year=1971 |publisher= Jane's Yearbooks |location=London, UK |isbn=0-354-00094-2 }}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1975–76 |year=1975 |location=London, UK |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |isbn=0-354-00521-9}}
- {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London, UK |pages=192 }}
- {{cite book |last= Simpson |first= R. W. |title=Airlife's General Aviation |year=1995 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |location=Shrewsbury, UK |pages=85 }}
- {{cite magazine |last=Weiman |first=Dave |title=The Messerschmitt that was supposed to be made in the U.S.| magazine=Air Progress |date=January 1979 |pages=40–43, 82–83 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_air-progress_1979-01_41_1/page/40/mode/2up|url-access=registration |access-date=10 January 2022}}
External links
{{Commons category|Bölkow Bo 209}}
- {{cite web |url = https://www.airbus.com/en/about-us/our-history/support-of-lightweight-and-historic-aircraft |title = Support of Lightweight and Historic Aircraft via airbus.com }}
- {{cite web |url = https://www.caa.co.uk/Documents/Download/3934/ca692457-336e-4190-840e-cd26cf498935/2608 |title = Type Certificate Data Sheet for Bolkow Bo 209 via caa.co.uk}}
{{MBB aircraft}}
Category:1960s German civil utility aircraft