MIKTA

{{Short description|Informal partnership between Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey and Australia}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = MIKTA

| map = MIKTA.png

| msize =

| mcaption =

| type = Intergovernmental organization

| formation = {{Start date and age|2013|9|25|df=yes}}

| purpose = A cross-regional group of G20 member nations serving as a consultative platform which increases mutual understanding, deepens bilateral ties, and helps to find common ground for cooperation

| region_served = Worldwide

| membership = {{flag|Mexico}}
{{flag|Indonesia}}
{{flag|South Korea}}
{{flag|Turkey}}
{{flag|Australia}}

| website = [http://www.mikta.org/ MIKTA.org]

}}

File:MIKTA IN G20 BRASIL SUMMIT.jpg: (L-R) Indonesia's Prabowo Subianto, Turkiye's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Mexico's Claudia Sheinbaum, Australia's Anthony Albanese, and South Korea's Yoon Suk Yeol]]

MIKTA is an informal middle power partnership between Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia.{{cite web | title=MIKTA: What's in a name? The potential of middle power cooperation to strengthen global governance | website=UNDP | date=October 20, 2020 | url=https://www.undp.org/policy-centre/seoul/news/mikta-whats-name-potential-middle-power-cooperation-strengthen-global-governance | access-date=January 6, 2024 | archive-date=January 6, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106173605/https://www.undp.org/policy-centre/seoul/news/mikta-whats-name-potential-middle-power-cooperation-strengthen-global-governance | url-status=live }}{{cite journal | last1=Schiavon | first1=Jorge A. | last2=Domínguez | first2=Diego | title=Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia (MIKTA): Middle, Regional, and Constructive Powers Providing Global Governance | journal=Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies | volume=3 | issue=3 | date=2016 | issn=2050-2680 | doi=10.1002/app5.148 | pages=495–504| doi-access=free | hdl=10.1002/app5.148 | hdl-access=free }} It is led by the Foreign Ministers.{{cite web |title=Where next for MIKTA? |date=26 August 2020 |work=The Interpreter |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/where-next-mikta |access-date=17 December 2020 |archive-date=23 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123221219/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/where-next-mikta |url-status=live }} It was created in 2013 on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City and aims to support effective global governance.

The group's diverse membership – in terms of culture, socio-economic structure and geography – lends it a unique perspective. It is a cross-regional, values-based partnership with several key commonalities. Importantly, all member states are G20 economies with similar GDP and an interest in ensuring global governance systems work for all states regardless of size and influence. These similarities provide a strong foundation for mutual cooperation.{{cite book | last1=Mo | first1=J. | last2=Jongryn | first2=M. | title=MIKTA, Middle Powers, and New Dynamics of Global Governance: The G20's Evolving Agenda | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US | series=Asan-Palgrave Macmillan Series | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-137-50646-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NrSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT18 | access-date=January 6, 2024 | page=18}}

Furthermore, the diversity within the partnership allows the members to share their knowledge and perspectives resulting from varied experiences.{{cite tech report | last=Cooper | first=Andrew | title=The Recalibration of Middle Powers under Conditions of Stress and Opportunity | year=2015 | jstor=resrep25993 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25993 | access-date=January 6, 2024 | page=}}

Nature of partnership

= Consultative platform =

A key aspect that distinguishes MIKTA from other multilateral groups is that it is an informal consultative platform, rather than a formal organisation. It provides a space for dialogue and innovative diplomacy to address current global issues. Information sharing and increased mutual understanding are central features of MIKTA.{{cite web | title=MIKTA: The Middle Power's Last Hurrah? | website=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs | date=December 28, 2022 | url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2022/12/28/mikta-the-middle-powers-last-hurrah/ | access-date=January 6, 2024 | archive-date=January 6, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106174147/https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2022/12/28/mikta-the-middle-powers-last-hurrah/ | url-status=live }}

= Strengths =

One of MIKTA's key strengths is its flexibility. It provides an informal environment in which topical issues can be discussed, without pressure to reach a consensus. It seeks to assume an adaptable form of multilateral cooperation, in contrast to traditional ‘blocs’, so as to afford an enhanced ability to maneuver effective global governance in a world of fast-paced developments.{{Cite web|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/articles/Pages/2015/jb_ar_150107.aspx?ministerid=4|title=Joint Op-ed: 21st Century Global Governance (7 January 2015)|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914012104/http://foreignminister.gov.au/articles/Pages/2015/jb_ar_150107.aspx?ministerid=4|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=dead}}

As all MIKTA members are also members of broader international organisations, such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization and G20, issues relevant to those forums can form the topics of consultation in MIKTA. This may involve cooperating on commitments made within those organisations or, on occasion, committing to additional goals or standards.{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/reports.php?at=view&idx=221|title=MIKTA at the World Humanitarian Summit|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825225536/http://mikta.org/document/reports.php?at=view&idx=221|url-status=live}} It also provides an opportunity for these regional powers to engage in dialogue independently of larger economic powers.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Meetings

The MIKTA Foreign Ministers meet regularly. A retreat-style meeting is held annually in the chairing country. The members have also met on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly Leader's Week and the G20.{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qUmvpp55hk | title=Presiden Prabowo Bertemu dan Foto Bersama Para Pemimpin MIKTA di Sela KTT G20 Brasil | website=YouTube | date=18 November 2024 }}

Chair

The chair of MIKTA rotates annually.{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FH3ZVCkGOjo | title=Video Mikta 2023 | website=YouTube | date=21 November 2023 }}

class="wikitable"

!Year

!Chair

2014

|{{flag|Mexico}}

2015

|{{flag|South Korea}}

2016

|{{flag|Australia}}

2017

|{{flag|Turkey}}

2018

|{{flag|Indonesia}}

2019

|{{flag|Mexico}}

2020

|{{flag|South Korea}}

2021

|{{flag|Australia}}

2022

|{{flag|Turkey}}

2023

|{{flag|Indonesia}}

2024

|{{flag|Mexico}}

2025

|{{flag|South Korea}}

Areas of interest

MIKTA{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/wH51_LizSnA | title=México como coordinador de MIKTA 2019 | website=YouTube }} has agreed to work together on a number of thematic issues.{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|title=generally Joint Communiqué: 6th MIKTA Foreign Ministers' Meeting (New York, September 26, 2015)|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204153/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|url-status=live}}

These include:

  • international energy governance and energy access;{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|title=Joint Communiqué: 6th MIKTA Foreign Ministers' Meeting (New York, September 26, 2015) at [7]|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204153/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|url-status=live}}
  • counter-terrorism and security;{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|title=Joint Communiqué: 6th MIKTA Foreign Ministers' Meeting (New York, September 26, 2015) at [8]|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204153/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|url-status=live}}
  • peacekeeping;{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=120|title=Joint Communiqué of Fifth Foreign Ministers' Meeting (Seoul, May 22, 2015) at [9]|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=March 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325015704/http://www.mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=120|url-status=live}}
  • trade and the economy;
  • gender equality;{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|title=Joint Communiqué: 6th MIKTA Foreign Ministers' Meeting (New York, September 26, 2015) at [9]|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204153/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|url-status=live}}
  • good governance; and
  • sustainable development.{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|title=Joint Communiqué: 6th MIKTA Foreign Ministers' Meeting (New York, September 26, 2015) at [6]|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204153/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=160|url-status=live}}

Activities

MIKTA{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wQnjckfD8Q | title=MIKTA | International Organization | NaRvi Academy | website=YouTube | date=July 2022 }} engages in a variety of activities in line with its core areas of interest. These include sharing information, releasing joint statements, non-papers that contribute to progress on multilateral issues, advocating common messages across each member's networks, workshops for technical experts and side events to support outcomes at major international events.{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=88|title=., Joint Communiqué of Fourth Foreign Ministers' Meeting (Brisbane, November 15, 2014)|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=August 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825215630/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=88|url-status=live}}

Major activities of MIKTA{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO3AKJ3juEk | title=Meeting Brings Together Parliament Speakers from MIKTA Countries | website=YouTube | date=22 November 2023 }} thus far are listed below.

  • Joint communiqués{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/joint.php|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825211141/http://mikta.org/document/joint.php|url-status=live}}
  • from 6 Foreign Ministers’ Meetings
  • Joint statements{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/document/state.php|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825205612/http://mikta.org/document/state.php|url-status=live}}
  • North Korean nuclear test (Jan 2016)
  • Terrorist attack in Turkey (Oct 2015)
  • Climate change (Sept 2015)
  • Financing for development (July 2015)
  • Commemorating International Women's Day (March 2015)
  • Ebola outbreak and global health (Sept 2014)
  • Downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 (July 2014)
  • Joint op-ed (Jan 2015)
  • Speakers’ Consultations{{Cite web|url=http://www.mikta.org/network/speakers.php?at=view&idx=137&ckattempt=1|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825220115/http://www.mikta.org/network/speakers.php?at=view&idx=137&ckattempt=1|url-status=live}}
  • Exchange programs{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/project/exchange.php|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825225155/http://mikta.org/project/exchange.php|url-status=live}}
  • Exchange of Diplomats (Ankara and Istanbul, Feb 2016)
  • Exchange of Young Professionals (Seoul, July 2015)
  • Exchange of Journalists (Seoul, May 2015)
  • Workshops{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/project/workshops.php|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825225017/http://mikta.org/project/workshops.php|url-status=live}}
  • MIKTA Workshop on Electronic Commerce (Geneva, 5 July 2016)
  • Third MIKTA Development Cooperation Workshop (Canberra, 1 April 2016)
  • Second MIKTA Development Cooperation Workshop (Seoul, 11 May 2015)
  • Academics network{{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/network/som.php|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825203937/http://mikta.org/network/som.php|url-status=live}}
  • MIKTA Academic Conference: Unlocking Global Innovation (Canberra, April 14–15, 2016){{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/network/som.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=214|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825220503/http://mikta.org/network/som.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=214|url-status=live}}
  • The 1st MIKTA Academic Network Conference: Partnership in Knowledge for Better Global Governance (Seoul, May 11–12, 2015){{Cite web|url=http://mikta.org/network/som.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=111|title=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825205900/http://mikta.org/network/som.php?pn=1&sn=&st=&sc=&sd=&sdate=&edate=&sfld=&sort=&at=view&idx=111|url-status=live}}

(Participating academic institutions: CIDE of Mexico,{{Cite web|url=http://www.cide.edu/|title=Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2005-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720085427/http://www.cide.edu/|url-status=live}} The Habibie Center of Indonesia,{{Cite web|url=http://thcasean.org/about/thc|title=The Habibie Center|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427195754/http://thcasean.org/about/thc|url-status=live}} IFANS of the Republic of Korea,{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifans.go.kr/eng/main/index.jsp|title=Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2012-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304013316/http://www.ifans.go.kr/eng/main/index.jsp|url-status=live}} TEPAV of Turkey,{{Cite web|url=http://www.tepav.org.tr/en|title=Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824133728/http://www.tepav.org.tr/en|url-status=live}} and Coral Bell School, ANU of Australia.{{Cite web|url=http://bellschool.anu.edu.au/|title=The Coral Bell School, Australian National University|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811081916/http://bellschool.anu.edu.au/|url-status=live}})

Leaders

Member country data

class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; width:100%;"
Member

! style="font-size:85%" |Total Trade of Goods and Services
bil. USD
(2019){{Cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres17_e/pr791_e.htm|title=WTO | 2017 Press Releases -Trade recovery expected in 2017 and 2018, amid policy uncertainty- Press/793|website=www.wto.org|access-date=2017-07-19|archive-date=2019-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919083809/https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres17_e/pr791_e.htm|url-status=live}}

! style="font-size:85%" |Nom. GDP
mil. USD
(2022){{cite web| url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=107&pr1.y=0&c=193%2C273%2C536%2C186%2C542&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=| title=Gross domestic product| publisher=IMF World Economic Outlook| date=April 2017| accessdate=22 December 2022| archive-date=13 December 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213031357/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=107&pr1.y=0&c=193%2C273%2C536%2C186%2C542&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=| url-status=live}}

! style="font-size:85%" | PPP GDP
mil. USD
(2022)

! style="font-size:85%" | Nom. GDP per capita
USD
(2022)

! style="font-size:85%" | PPP GDP per capita
USD
(2022)

! style="font-size:85%" | HDI
(2021)

! style="font-size:85%" | Population
(2022)

! style="font-size:85%" | G20

! style="font-size:85%" | DAC

! style="font-size:85%" | OECD

! style="font-size:85%" | NATO

! style="font-size:85%" | ASEAN

! style="font-size:85%" | RCEP

! style="font-size:85%" | Economic classification
(IMF){{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx|title=World Economic Outlook data|publisher=IMF|year=2013|accessdate=19 October 2014|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526220458/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx|url-status=live}}

{{flagcountry|Mexico}}

| style="text-align: right;" | 958

| style="text-align: right;" |1,424,533

| style="text-align: right;" |2,919,875

| style="text-align: right;" |10,948

| style="text-align: right;" |22,440

| style="text-align: right;" | 0.758

| style="text-align: right;" | 128,533,664

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| Emerging

{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}

| style="text-align: right;" | 370

| style="text-align: right;" |1,289,429

| style="text-align: right;" |4,023,501

| style="text-align: right;" |4,691

| style="text-align: right;" |14,638

| style="text-align: right;" | 0.705

| style="text-align: right;" | 275,773,800

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| Emerging

{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|South Korea}}}}

| style="text-align: right;" | 1,172

| style="text-align: right;" |1,734,207

| style="text-align: right;" |2,765,834

| style="text-align: right;" |33,592

| style="text-align: right;" |53,574

| style="text-align: right;" | 0.925

| style="text-align: right;" | 51,638,809

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| Advanced

{{flagcountry|Turkey}}

| style="text-align: right;" | 447

| style="text-align: right;" |907,118

| style="text-align: right;" |3,320,994

| style="text-align: right;" |9,961

| style="text-align: right;" |38,759

| style="text-align: right;" | 0.838

| style="text-align: right;" | 84,680,273

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| Emerging

{{flagcountry|Australia}}

| style="text-align: right;" | 556

| style="text-align: right;" |1,724,787

| style="text-align: right;" |1,615,286

| style="text-align: right;" |66,408

| style="text-align: right;" |62,192

| style="text-align: right;" | 0.951

| style="text-align: right;" | 26,019,185

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center;"| {{N}}

| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| {{Y}}

| style="text-align:center;"| Advanced

See also

References