Madona

The surrounding area of Madona had been populated in earlier times, which is confirmed by discoveries of old burial grounds in the city's vicinity. Madona is first mentioned in writing in 1461, when Archbishop Sylvester began renting the lands of Birži Manor. However, the Swedish government placed the land under state control. After the Great Northern War, Madona became property of the Russian Empire. Empress Elizabeth presented Birži Manor along with other of Vidzeme's manors to Count Alexander Buturlin.

Empress Catherine II bought the lands back as a present to the Serbian-born General Maxim Zorić. From the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, the location of Madona was the fields of Birži Manor.

According to one version, the name of Madona stems from the adjacent Madona Lake. According to another version, Madona got its name from Birži Manor, which German exonym is Madohn or Modohn. For this reason, the railway station situated at the Pļaviņas - Valka narrow gauge railway line was named Madona as well. The populated place that slowly emerged around the station also got this name after the erection of the Madona railway station in 1903.Apinis K. Latvijas pilsētu vēsture. Rīgā, 1931, p. 41

Village privileges was given to Madona 1 July 1921, and town privileges 7 June 1926. Since 1 April 1925 Madona was the center of the newly founded County of Madona (Madonas apriņķis). Madona had 1,357 inhabitants at the time.

During World War II, Madona was under German occupation from 2 July 1941 until 13 August 1944.[https://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/1-ssr-4.html Освобождение городов] It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Lettland of Reichskommissariat Ostland.

The Latvian Central Statistics Department reported 9,242 citizens as of 1 January 2007, with {{convert|888|/km2|/mi2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}s).{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

{{bar box

|width = 300px

|float = Middle

|title = Demographic situation in Madona

|titlebar = #ddd

|bars =

{{bar percent|Latvians|red|79}}

{{bar percent|Russians|yellow|16}}

{{bar percent|Belarusians|violet|1.79}}

{{bar percent|Ukrainians|blue|1}}

{{bar percent|Poles|black|0.89}}

{{bar percent|Others|purple|1.32}}

}}

When it comes to age distribution of the Madona inhabitants, the majority group consisting of 5,925 people are registered as "labour-capable" ({{langx|lv|darbaspējīgie}}); 1,339 are under the age of "labour-capability" and 1867 are over. As of 21 December 2003, there were 211 (3.5%) unemployed citizens of the labour force.Interneta resurss, www.madona.lv

The town of Madona lies in Vidzeme Upland. The hilly surroundings descend in a northwestern-southeastern direction. Several minor rivers and streams flows through the town, such as: Lisa River, Leivārīte, Ridzīte, Mucenieki River, Rieba River and Madona River — which flows can be seen in beautiful glens, like: The Love Glen, The Wedding Glen and The Divorce Glen. In The Love Glen is a park, in which the manmade water reservoir has one of the highest fountains in Latvia.

Madona has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

{{Weather box

|location = Madona (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1971-present)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan high C = -1.9

|Feb high C = -1.3

|Mar high C = 3.6

|Apr high C = 11.5

|May high C = 17.6

|Jun high C = 21.1

|Jul high C = 23.4

|Aug high C = 22.1

|Sep high C = 16.4

|Oct high C = 9.3

|Nov high C = 3.2

|Dec high C = -0.3

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = -4.5

|Feb mean C = -4.5

|Mar mean C = -0.5

|Apr mean C = 6.0

|May mean C = 11.5

|Jun mean C = 15.3

|Jul mean C = 17.6

|Aug mean C = 16.2

|Sep mean C = 11.3

|Oct mean C = 5.6

|Nov mean C = 0.9

|Dec mean C = -2.5

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = -7.4

|Feb low C = -8.1

|Mar low C = -4.8

|Apr low C = 0.3

|May low C = 4.9

|Jun low C = 9.2

|Jul low C = 12.0

|Aug low C = 10.4

|Sep low C = 6.3

|Oct low C = 1.9

|Nov low C = -1.5

|Dec low C = -4.9

|year low C =

|Jan record high C = 9.5

|Feb record high C = 11.0

|Mar record high C = 17.5

|Apr record high C = 28.0

|May record high C = 29.8

|Jun record high C = 33.2

|Jul record high C = 34.0

|Aug record high C = 33.2

|Sep record high C = 30.0

|Oct record high C = 21.4

|Nov record high C = 14.0

|Dec record high C = 11.0

|year record high C =

|Jan record low C = -33.1

|Feb record low C = -33.0

|Mar record low C = -25.4

|Apr record low C = -12.4

|May record low C = -6.0

|Jun record low C = -0.3

|Jul record low C = 1.5

|Aug record low C = 2.3

|Sep record low C = -4.6

|Oct record low C = -12.5

|Nov record low C = -23.0

|Dec record low C = -35.7

|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 58.3

|Feb precipitation mm = 46.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 42.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 37.8

|May precipitation mm = 57.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 73.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 67.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 68.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 55.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 72.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 62.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 57.0

|year precipitation mm =

|unit precipitation days = 1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 13

|Feb precipitation days = 10

|Mar precipitation days = 9

|Apr precipitation days = 8

|May precipitation days = 9

|Jun precipitation days = 10

|Jul precipitation days = 10

|Aug precipitation days = 10

|Sep precipitation days = 9

|Oct precipitation days = 12

|Nov precipitation days = 11

|Dec precipitation days = 12

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|source 1 = LVĢMC{{cite web

| url = https://data.gov.lv/dati/dataset/klimatisko-normu-dati/resource/4ef4a2ac-b439-478a-83b3-cdd39b1eff77

| title = Klimatisko normu dati

| publisher = Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre

| accessdate = March 27, 2023

}}{{cite web

| url = https://klimats.meteo.lv/klimats/rekordi/

| title = Gaisa temperatūras rekordi

| publisher = Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre

| accessdate = March 27, 2023

}}

| source 2 = NOAA (precipitation days 1991-2020){{cite web

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Latvia/CSV/Madona_26447.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| accessdate = March 30, 2023

}}

}}

• Madona City Museum — founded in 1944, the museum owns more than 107,000 historical items, it is located in historical Birži Manor.
• The Love Glen ({{langx|lv|Mīlestības grava}}). Through The Love Glen flows the Madona River, along which shores slings park footpaths. At the entrance a pond with a fountain can be found.
• Madona Second High School — first three-storey building in Madona, built 1924–26.
• Former hotel building — among the oldest buildings in town, built 1901 of boulders and bricks.
• Lazdona Lutheran Church — built 1802–05, inaugurated 1806.
• Lazdona Holy Trinity Orthodox Church — built 1863–66.
• Madona Catholic Church — built 1931–34.

Madona is 170 km east from Latvian capital Riga.

Most popular tourism objects in Madona and surrounding are:

• Gaizinkalns hill. Gaizinkalns is the highest point of Latvia. It is 311.94 m above sea level.{{cite web |title=GAIZIŅKALNS – THE HIGHEST HILL IN LATVIA AND POINT "GAISSA-KALNS" OF THE STRUVE GEODETIC ARC |url=https://visitmadona.lv/en/nature?7 |website=VisitMadona.lv |access-date=12 July 2022}} Visitors can take a walk for the 2 km long walking trail with beautiful views. Hill surrounding has evolved winter sports offer - comfortable skiing centers and accommodation.
• Teiči and Krustkalni nature reserves.{{cite web |title=KRUSTKALNU NATURE RESERVE – ONE OF THE FOUR RESERVES IN LATVIA |url=https://visitmadona.lv/en/nature?238 |website=VisitMadona.lv |access-date=12 July 2022}} The aim of these reserves is to provide ecosystems protection and natural development. There is an opportunity for tourists with a guide to see these protected nature territories and use birds watchtower. The total area of the Teiči reserve is 19,779 ha.{{cite web |title=TEIČU NATURE RESERVE – THE LARGEST MOSS MARSH IN THE BALTICS (19779 HA) |url=https://visitmadona.lv/en/nature?13 |website=VisitMadona.lv |access-date=12 July 2022}}
• Kalsnava Arboretum - largest collection of decorative trees and bushes in eastern part of Latvia, with total area of 130,37 ha.{{cite web |title=JSC KALSNAVAS ARBORETUM - ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN LATVIA, CAMPER PARKING |url=https://visitmadona.lv/en/nature?5 |website=VisitMadona.lv |access-date=12 July 2022}}
• Lake Lubāns - the part of largest lake in Latvia is in Madona district.{{cite web |title=LUBANS LAKE – THE LARGEST LAKE IN LATVIA |url=https://visitmadona.lv/en/nature?11 |website=VisitMadona.lv |access-date=12 July 2022}} Allowed activities next to the lake are fishing, swimming, using bird-watching tower, renting a telescope and a bike.
• Interesting farms for tourists - 13 farms are open: rabbits and goats farm "Sveki", goat farm "Līvi", "Kucuru mill", farm "Ataugas".
• Winter sports and recreation centers: sport center "Smeceres sils",{{Cite web | url=http://www.smeceressils.lv |title = Smeceres sils}} located next to Madona. There were organized some international biathlon and cross-country skiing competitions (Scandinavian Cup 2013 and World-cup Ski-Orienteering Competition 2013). Also, there are: recreation center "Gaizins",{{Cite web | url=http://www.gaizins.lv | title=Laipni lūgti GAIZIŅĀ!}} skiing center "Viešūra kalns",{{Cite web | url=http://www.viesurakalns.lv |title = Viešura kalns}} and recreation complex "Rēķu kalns"{{Cite web |url=http://www.rekukalns.lv/ |title=Sporta un atpūtas komplekss "Rēķu kalns" |access-date=2020-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411050246/https://www.rekukalns.lv/ |archive-date=2019-04-11 |url-status=dead}} - alpine skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, the tube-slope.
• Madona local history and art museum,{{Cite web | url=http://www.madonasmuzejs.lv | title=Madonas novadpētniecības un mākslas muzejs}} with more than 20 artistic and thematic exhibitions every year.
• Different workshops (arts and crafts) and cultural events.
• Much accommodation.

• Dainis Turlais (born 1950), politician
• Dainis Īvāns (born 1955), journalist, politician
• Aleksandrs Starkovs (born 1955), football coach
• Indulis Bērziņš (born 1957), politician
• Gundars Upenieks (born 1971), biathlete
• Agris Galvanovskis (born 1972), basketball coach
• Baiba Broka (born 1975), lawyer, politician
• Ingus Jakovičs (born 1993), basketball player
• Raimo Vīgants (born 1999), cross-country skier

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia}}

Madona is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Ārzemju sadarbība|url=http://www.madona.lv/lat/?ct=arzemjusadarb|website=madona.lv|publisher=Madonas novads|language=lv|access-date=2019-09-09}}

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• {{flagicon|LTU}} Anykščiai, Lithuania
• {{flagicon|GEO}} Borjomi, Georgia
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Coulaines, France
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Lahoysk, Belarus
• {{flagicon|GER}} Mettmann, Germany
• {{flagicon|EST}} Rapla, Estonia
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Strugi Krasnye, Russia
• {{flagicon|SWE}} Tranås, Sweden
• {{flagicon|GER}} Weyhe, Germany

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikivoyage}}

• [http://www.madona.lv/turisms/en/ Official website of Madona]

{{Cities and parishes of Madona District}}

{{Latvian regional cities}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1926 establishments in Latvia

Category:Populated places in Madona Municipality

Category:Populated places established in 1926

Category:Cities and towns in Vidzeme