Main Concourse#Information booth and clock

File:Grand Central map.png

The Main Concourse, on the terminal's upper platform level, is located in the geographical center of the station building. The cavernous concourse measures {{convert|275|ft|m|abbr=on}} long by {{convert|120|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide by {{convert|125|ft|m|abbr=on}} high;{{harvnb|ps=.|Roberts|2013}}{{Solomon-New York Central}}{{rp|74}} a total of about {{convert|35000|sqft}}. Its vastness was meant to evoke the terminal's "grand" status.

The Main Concourse was deliberately placed at the same level as the mezzanine of the New York City Subway's Grand Central–42nd Street station; at the time of the terminal's construction, 80 percent of passengers transferred to and from the subway. The remainder of Grand Central Terminal was then designed around the floor level of the Main Concourse.{{Cite magazine |date=Jan 1913 |title=The New Grand Central Terminal in New York |magazine=Bankers' Magazine |volume=86 |issue=1 |page=53 |id={{ProQuest|124393403}}}}{{Cite magazine |date=9 Aug 1913 |title=Grand Central Terminal-New York: a Modern Type of Electrical Railway Station and Train Yard--opens a New Era in Transportation--a Marvel of the Intensive Use of Land--as Chicago is Now in the Throes of Locating a Great Railway Terminal This is of Particular Interest |magazine=The Construction News |volume=36 |issue=16 |page=11 |id={{ProQuest|128414159}}}}

File:GCT Main Concourse 3.jpg

Many parts of the Main Concourse and rest of the terminal are adorned with sculpted oak leaves and acorns, nuts of the oak tree. Cornelius Vanderbilt chose the acorn as the symbol of the Vanderbilt family, and adopted the saying "Great oaks from little acorns grow" as the family motto. Among these decorations is a brass acorn finial atop the four-sided clock in the center of the Main Concourse. Other acorn or oak leaf decorations include carved wreaths under the Main Concourse's west stairs; sculptures above the lunettes in the concourse; metalwork above the elevators; reliefs above the train gates; and the electric chandeliers in the Main Waiting Room and Main Concourse. These decorations were designed by Sylvain Salières.

The overlapping letters "G", "C", and "T" are sculpted into multiple places in the Main Concourse and terminal, including in friezes atop several windows above the terminal's ticket office. The symbol was designed with the "T" resembling an upside-down anchor, intended as a reference to Cornelius Vanderbilt's commercial beginnings in shipping and ferry businesses.{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/nyregion/what-happened-to-the-big-armchairs-in-grand-central-terminal.html|title=What Happened to the Big Armchairs in Grand Central Terminal?|last=Pollak|first=Michael|date=February 13, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=December 26, 2018}} In 2017, the MTA based its new logo for the terminal on the engraved design; MTA officials said its black and gold colors have long been associated with the terminal. The spur of the letter "G" has a depiction of a railroad spike.{{cite web|url=https://www.grandcentralterminal.com/2017/09/28/grand-centrals-new-logo/|title=Iconic Grand Central Terminal Unveils New Iconic Mark|date=September 28, 2017|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=December 15, 2018}} The 2017 logo succeeded one created by the firm Pentagram for the terminal's centennial in 2013. It depicted the Main Concourse's ball clock set to 7:13, or 19:13 using a 24-hour clock, referencing the terminal's completion in 1913. Both logos omit the word "terminal" in its name, in recognition to how most people refer to the building.{{cite web|title=New Work: Grand Central|publisher=Pentagram|url=https://new.pentagram.com/2012/03/new-work-grand-central/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223205043/https://new.pentagram.com/2012/03/new-work-grand-central/|archive-date=February 23, 2015|date=March 20, 2012|access-date=February 12, 2019}}

{{multiple image

| align = right | direction = | total_width = 300

| image1 = GCT information booth.jpg | alt1 = The Main Concourse's round information booth | caption1 =

| image2 = GCT Info Booth DCa.jpg | alt2 = The Dining Concourse's octagonal stone information booth | caption2 =

| footer = The Main Concourse information booth (left) and the Dining Concourse information booth (right). The two are connected by a spiral staircase.}}

The 18-sided main information booth is in the center of the concourse. Its attendants provide train schedules and other information to the public;{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/06/11/archives/questions-of-the-traveler-every-one-has-learned-to-consult-the.html|title=Questions of the Traveler – Every One Has Learned to Consult the Railroad Information Bureau, Which Has Become One of the Chief Aids to Travel|date=June 11, 1916|website=The New York Times|access-date=January 5, 2019}} in 2015, they fielded more than 1,000 questions an hour, according to an MTA spokesman. A door within the marble and brass pagoda conceals a spiral staircase down to a similar booth on the station's Dining Concourse.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|p=125}} The Main Concourse booth originally had a simple counter surrounding the enclosed staircase and clock, though by the end of 1914 the entire booth was enclosed with a glass roof,{{cite web|title=Grand By Design: A Centennial Celebration of Grand Central Terminal [digital exhibition]|publisher=New York Transit Museum|url=https://www.gcthistory.com/#s2|date=2014|accessdate=February 4, 2021}} and eventually with window panels on its sides.

File:Concourse clock at Grand Central.jpg

The booth is topped by a four-faced brass clock, one of Grand Central's most recognizable icons. The clock was designed by Henry Edward Bedford and cast in Waterbury, Connecticut. Its mechanism was designed by the Self Winding Clock Company and built by the Seth Thomas Clock Company, along with several other clocks in the terminal. Each {{convert|24|in|cm|abbr=|adj=on}} face is made from opalescent glass, now often called opal glass or milk glass. An urban legend, which arose in news reports in the 1990s or even earlier, claimed that the clock faces were actually made of opal, a precious gem, and that renowned auction houses had estimated their worth at millions of dollars. This myth was spread by tour guides in the terminal, by its presentation as fact in Wikipedia from 2006 to 2013, and by major news publications into the present day. It was debunked by Untapped New York in 2020.

The clock was first stopped for repairs in 1954, after it was found to be losing a minute or two per day.{{Cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/01/17/archives/time-out-for-clock-grand-central-timepiece-takes-first-break-for.html|title=Time Out For Clock – Grand Central Timepiece Takes First 'Break' for Repairs|date=January 17, 1954|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 4, 2019}} One of the four original clock faces was damaged in 1968 by a police officer's bullet, while he chased members of the Youth International Party who staged a protest inside the terminal. The cracked face was removed in the 1990s during the terminal's restoration. It was replaced with a replica; the original is now part of the New York Transit Museum collection.

Along with the rest of the New York Central Railroad system's clocks, it was formerly set to a clock in the train dispatcher's office at Grand Central.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|p=121}} Through the 1980s, they were set to a master clock at a workshop in Grand Central.{{Cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/04/25/archives/a-master-with-time-on-his-mind-41-years-on-the-job-tick-tock-whir.html|title=A Master With Time on His Mind; 41 Years on the Job Tick, Tock, Whir, Hum Checking in the Morning|last=Goldman|first=Ari L.|date=April 25, 1980|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 4, 2019}} Since 2004, they have been set to the United States Naval Observatory's atomic clock, accurate to a billionth of a second.{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/06/nyregion/got-the-time-at-grand-central-it-has-never-been-that-simple.html|title=Got the Time? At Grand Central, It Has Never Been That Simple|last=Luo|first=Michael|date=July 6, 2004|website=The New York Times|access-date=January 5, 2019}}

The terminal's primary departure board is located on the south side of the concourse, installed directly atop the two sets of ticket windows. Colloquially known as the "Big Board", it shows the track and status of arriving and departing trains.

{{multiple image|total_width=800|align=center

|image1=Biltmore Room 2017 03.jpg|alt1=A large blackboard for train schedules, hanging behind glass|caption1=1913–1967 blackboard

|image2=Grand Central Terminal in 1969 01.jpg|alt2=A large mechanical departure board|caption2=1967–1985 Solari board

|image3=GCT Omega board.jpg|alt3=A large mechanical departure board|caption3=1985–1996 Omega board

|image4=Solari board.jpg|alt4=An LCD display board|caption4=1996–2019 LCD board

|image5=Grand Central 6-21 04a.jpg|alt5=Modern LCD display in current use|caption5=2019 LED replacement

|footer=}}

There have been five departure boards used over the terminal's history: the 1913–1967 chalkboard, the 1967–1985 Solari board, the 1985–1996 Omega board, the 1996–2019 LCD board, and the 2019 fully digital display. For the first 54 years of the terminal's operation, train arrival and departure information was hand-chalked on a blackboard. The blackboard still hangs as a relic in its original place in the Biltmore Room, but in 1967, its function was supplanted by an electromechanical display in the main concourse over the ticket windows. This new display, dubbed a Solari board after its Italian manufacturer Solari di Udine, showed train information on rows of flip panels that made a distinctive flapping sound as they rotated to reflect changes. In 1985, the Solari board was replaced with the more technologically advanced Omega board, with flip panels controlled by a computer database of train information instead of manual inputs. It was built by watchmaker Omega SA to a design by Advanced Computer Systems of Dayton, Ohio, which also installed it. This board was removed during a terminal renovation in July 1996; it was replaced several months later with liquid-crystal displays that replicated the analog look of the older boards, yet were the first to span over both the east and west ticket offices. Between March and September 2019, the LCD boards — whose software had become unavailable{{cite news|last=Guse|first=Clayton|date=May 5, 2019|title=High-tech new LED boards taking over Grand Central Terminal disappoint some riders and infuriate architecture buffs|newspaper=New York Daily News|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-grand-central-terminal-big-board-led-20190505-bdpbbt5cnfgmxkskgvadgtjjx4-story.html|access-date=May 6, 2019}} — were removed from their housings and replaced by LED video wall screens.{{cite web|last=Young|first=Michelle|title=Grand Central Terminal's Retro-Looking Departure Board is Getting Replaced Right Now|website=Untapped Cities|url=https://untappedcities.com/2019/04/29/grand-central-terminals-retro-looking-departure-board-is-getting-replaced-right-now/|date=April 29, 2019|access-date=April 30, 2019}} Designed by the MTA and New York's State Historic Preservation Office, the LED displays are brighter, easier to read, and ADA-compliant; they are also the first of the boards to offer real-time updates to train information.{{cite news|title=The Big Boards Are Here!|work=Mileposts|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|url=http://web.mta.info/mnr/MilePosts/190901/sept19milepost.html|date=September 2019|access-date=September 17, 2019}} Commuter complaints about the new displays were published in the news, as had complaints over the three prior board replacements, in 1967, 1985, and 1996.{{cite web|title=Eye on the Future|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/capital/pdf/eotf_1216_1117.pdf|date=February 2, 2017|access-date=September 26, 2019}}

There are also arrival and departure displays at each of the platform gates, about 93 in total. Originally these were cloth curtains with train information stitched onto them, posted at the platform entrances. The signs were eventually replaced with flip panels, replaced again with the installation of the Omega Board in 1987, and supplanted again by LCD panels, which were replaced between 2017 and 2020.

{{multiple image|total_width=300|align=center

|image1=GCT gate board 1913.jpg|alt1=Printed display board

|image2=Old Danbury Branch Solari.jpg|alt2=A split-flap display board, housed in a museum

|image3=GCT Amtrak gate board.jpg|alt3=Modern screens in original train gates

|image4=Grand Central train gate.jpg|alt4=Digital display

|footer=Left to right:
• 1913–1967 train gate display
• 1967–1985 Solari gate display (out of cabinetry)
• 1996–2020 LCD displays
• 2019–present fully digital display

}}

File:GCT Glass Walkway-Untapped New York-Michelle Young.jpg

Natural light comes from large windows in the concourse's east and west walls. Each wall has three round-arched windows, about {{convert|60|ft|m}} high, identical in size and shape to the three on the terminal's south facade. The design was inspired by the Palais Garnier in Paris. Catwalks, used mostly for maintenance, run across the east and west windows.{{cite news|url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/landmarks-monuments/grand-central-terminal#catwalk|title=Take a Look Inside Grand Central Terminal Where Most People Never Get to Go|last=Tkaczyk|first=Christopher|date=December 20, 2016|work=Travel and Leisure|access-date=December 21, 2018}} Their floors are made of semi-transparent rock crystal, cut two inches ({{convert|2|in|disp=out}}) thick. These windows were designed to open, allowing cross-breezes through the terminal, though they have not been opened in decades.{{cite news|last=Ekstein|first=Nikki|title=The Untold Secrets of Grand Central Terminal|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-23/the-untold-secrets-of-grand-central-terminal|date=February 23, 2017|access-date=February 14, 2023}}

Two sets of ticket offices span the south side of the room, on the east and west of the entryway from Vanderbilt Hall. Many have been closed or repurposed since the introduction of ticket vending machines.

{{main|Grand Central Terminal art#Ceiling}}

File:NYC Grand Central Terminal ceiling.jpg

File:GCT Aerial-Untapped New York-Michelle Young.jpg of the Main Concourse, seen in the center of the terminal structure]]

The Main Concourse's ceiling is an elliptical barrel vault, with its base at an elevation of 121.5 feet and its crown at 160.25 feet. A skylight was originally supposed to be installed to provide light into the terminal, and accommodations were made for a large ceiling light, in case an office building were to be constructed over the terminal.

A false ceiling of square boards, installed in 1944, bears an elaborate mural of constellations painted with more than 2,500 stars and several bands in gold set against a turquoise backdrop.{{harvnb|ps=.|Belle|Leighton|2000|p=57}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1913/01/29/archives/central-terminal-opening-on-sunday-men-working-day-and-night-to.html|title=Central Terminal Opening on Sunday; Men Working Day and Night to Finish Main Section of the Great Station.|date=January 29, 1913|website=The New York Times|access-date=December 26, 2018|issn=0362-4331}} It is a less-detailed version of an earlier mural painted directly on the ceiling itself. The original mural, conceived in 1912 by architect Warren and painter Paul César Helleu and executed in 1913 by Brooklyn's Hewlett-Basing Studio,{{cite news|title=Central Terminal Opening on Sunday|date=January 29, 1913|newspaper=The New York Times|page=13}}{{Cite web|url=https://untappedcities.com/2016/06/03/the-hidden-history-of-grand-central-terminals-celestial-ceiling/|title=The Hidden History of Grand Central Terminal's Celestial Ceiling|date=June 3, 2016|website=Untapped Cities|language=en-US|access-date=February 26, 2019}} became water-damaged and faded by the 1920s. In 1945, New York Central covered it with cement-and-asbestos boards and a new version of the mural. Both the original mural and its mid-century copy contain several astronomical inaccuracies: the stars within some constellations appear correctly as they would from earth, other constellations are reversed left-to-right, as is the overall arrangement of the constellations on the ceiling. Though the astronomical inconsistencies were noticed promptly by a commuter in 1913,"Constellations Reversed: New Grand Central Ceiling Has the Heavens Turned Around", The New York Times, March 23, 1913, p.10. they have not been corrected in any of the subsequent renovations of the ceiling.{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/nyregion/what-is-that-spot-on-the-ceiling-of-grand-central-terminal.html|title=What Is That Spot on the Ceiling of Grand Central Terminal?|date=June 7, 2018|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=December 6, 2018}}

There are half-moon clerestory windows on the north and south sides, with carvings by Salières, alternately depicting a globe adorned with Mercury's staff and a winged wheel that symbolizes the speed of the railway, adorned with lightning bolts to symbolize the line's then-recent electrification. Both designs include laurel and oak branches.{{cite magazine|last=Schröder|first=Asta Freifrau von|title=Images and Messages in the Embellishment of Metropolitan Railway Stations (1850–1950)|publisher=Technische Universität Berlin|language=en|url=https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/4198/1/schroeder_asta_von_Text.pdf|date=June 2, 2014|access-date=February 24, 2019|doi=10.14279/depositonce-3901}} These windows were covered over with black paint for decades, until the first major renovation of the terminal in 1988. The reason for the painting over is not fully clear; while many modern sources attribute it to blackout paint to avoid Germans targeting the station during World War II, others have claimed it to be leftover from filming inside the concourse. Before it was confirmed the darkening was caused by paint, Metro-North staff supported the theory that the darkening was from decades of dirt or pigeon droppings.{{cite news|title=Grand Central's Dark Skylights: War Bombs or Bombs From Birds?|newspaper=The Daily Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/722773787/|date=January 20, 1988|access-date=February 21, 2023}}

The Main Concourse has balconies on its north, west, and east sides, overlooking the main floor. Its east and northeast balconies house an Apple Store. The southern end of the west balcony includes Cipriani Dolci, a restaurant and bar that is part of Cipriani S.A. The west and northwest balconies also housed a Michael Jordan's Steakhouse for years; the space is currently vacant.{{cite web|url=https://www.grandcentralterminal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/DirectoryMap.pdf|title=Grand Central Directory|date=April 2018|website=Grand Central Terminal|access-date=March 30, 2020}}

The concourse, in the terminal's center, leads north to its train shed as well as an escalator, placed centrally on the north wall, leading up to the MetLife Building. There is only one entrance from the south end {{ndash}} a wide bridge spanning over the Oyster Bar ramps leading into Vanderbilt Hall. Passageways also lead from the west and east ends of the concourse, on either side of the west and east sets of stairs. These passageways lie underneath the east and west balconies, with shops and ticket machines along the walls, and lead to additional passageways that largely make up the station interior.

Two nearly-identical sets of staircases are placed on either side of the concourse space. The east and west sets each have central stairwells leading down to the Dining Concourse, flanked by sets of stairs leading up to the balconies. The concourse was originally designed to have both sets of staircases, though a change in design led to only the west staircase having been built by the time the terminal opened. During the terminal's restoration in the 1990s, the east staircase was added. It uses the same stone as the west staircase, as well, as a similar design (modified for ADA compliance, and to show close observers that it is not original). The staircases were modeled after those of the Palais Garnier in Paris.

File:GCT 2358 (8411806980).jpg

The concourse floor is made of pink Tennessee marble.

The concourse is lit by ten globe-shaped chandeliers in the Beaux-Arts style, each of which weighs {{Convert|800|lb|kg|abbr=}} and contains 110 bulbs.

Underneath the east and west balconies lie two intricately carved marble water fountains. The fountains, which date to the terminal's opening, still operate and are cleaned daily, though they are rarely used.

The concourse's large American flag was installed there a few days after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.

The four corners of the Main Concourse have roughly square towers, lobbies for the office tower proposed to be built atop the terminal since its planning began. The four towers each contain a bank of four elevators, along with intricate staircases.{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/02/nyregion/behind-grand-central-s-public-areas-lies-an-array-of-secret-chambers.html | title=Behind Grand Central's Public Areas Lies an Array of 'Secret' Chambers | newspaper=The New York Times | date=2 February 1988 | last1=Dunlap | first1=David W. }}

{{see also|Kodak Colorama}}

The Main Concourse has featured numerous advertisements, displays, and kiosks on its floor since the terminal's opening. Among the long-term elements was a massive illuminated clock, in place from 1959 to the late 1980s.{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/07/23/archives/grand-central-due-for-another-clock-its-15-feet-across.html | title=Grand Central Due for Another Clock; It's 15 Feet Across | newspaper=The New York Times | date=23 July 1959 }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/01/nyregion/grand-central-at-75-beauty-and-misery.html|title = Grand Central at 75: Beauty and Misery|newspaper = The New York Times|date = February 1988|last1 = Dunlap|first1 = David W.}} Additionally, Kodak displayed a large photographic display, the Colorama, over the east balcony from 1950 to 1989.

{{see also|History of Grand Central Terminal}}

While the Dining Concourse was completed and opened early, the Main Concourse was completed in 1913, and opened along with the rest of the terminal. It held numerous events, exhibitions, and other attractions over the coming decades.

File:Photo mural to promote the sale of defense bonds in the concourse of Grand Central terminal.jpg mural to promote the sales of war bonds]]

File:Historical Photos of Grand Central Terminal (52664179665).jpg Colorama, the illuminated clock, and two banks]]

File:GCT Cancer crab.jpg constellation points toward it]]

During World War II, the terminal became heavily used by troops moving across the United States. Due to Grand Central's importance in civilian and military transit, many of the terminal's windows were covered with blackout paint, which would prevent aerial bombers from easily detecting the building. The war also prompted the Farm Security Administration to install a {{cvt|118|x|100|ft|m|adj=on}} mural on the Main Concourse's east wall in 1941. The mural, which had a montage of photographs, was part of a campaign to sell war bonds, and its unveiling was a nationally broadcast event that also drew 3,000 people on-site. In 1943, this mural was replaced by another, {{convert|75|x|30|ft|m}}, also installed over the east wall. A large flag also hung in the Main Concourse honoring the 21,314 New York Central Railroad employees that participated in the war.{{cite book|title=LIFE|publisher=Time Inc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1AEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53|access-date=April 1, 2019|page=53|date=July 12, 1943}} The terminal also hosted a canteen operated by the United Service Organizations. Known as the Service Men's Lounge, the space on the east balcony had pool and ping pong tables, a piano, lounge chairs, and lunch counters. The terminal was used for military funeral processions as well.

In 1944 its ceiling proved to be damaged beyond repair, and was covered over with a false ceiling, replicating the artistry of the original work. In 1967, the first train departure display was installed in the Main Concourse. The display, affectionately known as the Big Board, was replaced with more modern equipment several times (1985, 1996, and 2019). Since the mid-20th century, the room started to deteriorate, as its windows were darkened, advertisements were installed on its walls, and bank kiosks were placed on its floor. In the late 1990s, a restoration project overhauled the terminal with a significant focus on the concourse, making it appear nearly like it did in 1913. The most major change was the addition of the east staircase, an element planned but never implemented until then. Since the renovation was completed in 1998, the concourse has been maintained to keep its original overall appearance. The building's purchase by the MTA in 2020 has ensured its well-kept state for the foreseeable future.

The size of the Main Concourse has made it an ideal advertising space. During World War II, a large mural with images of the United States military hung in the concourse, and from the 1950s to 1989, the Kodak Colorama exhibit was a prominent fixture.{{cite news | title=Big Color Photos Seen by Million – Giant Colorama at Grand Central Terminal | work=The New York Times | date=July 19, 1951 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/07/19/archives/big-color-photos-seen-by-million-giant-colorama-at-grand-central.html | access-date=February 3, 2019}}{{cite news | last=Grundberg | first=Anny | title=Pastimes; Camera | website=Pastimes; Camera | date=December 3, 1989 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/03/style/pastimes-camera.html | access-date=February 3, 2019}}{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|p=209}} A {{convert|13+1/2|ft|m|spell=in|adj=mid|-diameter}} illuminated clock hung in the Main Concourse at the entrance to the main waiting room from the 1960s to the 1990s. The clock, sometimes referred to as "Big Ben", had chimes, and after 1986, news and stock information. The clock was sponsored by at least five companies; its first and most significant was Westclox.{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Susan Heller|last2=Dunlap|first2=David W.|title=New York Day by Day; Grand Central Clock Gets a Makeover|website=The New York Times|date=August 11, 1986|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/11/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-grand-central-clock-gets-a-makeover.html|access-date=February 3, 2019}} All of these advertisements and fixtures were removed around the time of the terminal's renovation in the 1990s; only four advertisement screens remain on the concourse, each about {{Convert|7 x 6|feet|meters|abbr=}}.{{cite web|last=Anders|first=Marjorie|title=Metro-North Railroad Doubles Advertising Revenue with Digital Media in Grand Central Terminal|publisher=Mass Transit|url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/rail/article/10853255/metronorth-railroad-doubles-advertising-revenue-with-digital-media-in-grand-central-terminal|date=February 4, 2013|access-date=February 3, 2019}}

The Main Concourse has also been used as a gathering venue. In the 1960s, the terminal's tenant CBS installed a CBS News television screen above the ticket offices to follow the spaceflights of Project Mercury; thousands would gather in the Main Concourse to watch key events of the flights.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|p=210}}{{cite news | last=Robertson | first=Nan | title=New York Pauses to 'Watch' Glenn – Millions Rivet Attention on Astronaut in Flight | website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 | date=February 21, 1962 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/02/21/archives/new-york-pauses-to-watch-glenn-millions-rivet-attention-on.html | access-date=February 4, 2019}}{{cite news | last=Brown | first=Christian | title=8,000 Watch Shot in Grand Central – Capacity Crowd Jams Floor Around Oversize TV Set 9:04 A.M.: Faces Reflect Tension of the Lift-Off | website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 | date=May 16, 1963 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/05/16/archives/8000-watch-shot-in-grand-central-capacity-crowd-jams-floor-around.html | access-date=February 4, 2019}} Politicians such as U.S. presidents Calvin Coolidge and Harry S. Truman; presidential candidates Thomas Dewey and Robert F. Kennedy; and governor Herbert Lehman have also held events within the concourse.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|pp=210–211}} The Main Concourse has also been used for memorials, including events to commemorate U.S. ambassador to France Myron T. Herrick and former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis after their deaths; celebrations for Martin Luther King Jr. Day; and an impromptu memorial created after the September 11 attacks in 2001.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|pp=214–215}} Several celebrations have also taken place at the terminal, such as a celebration for the New York Giants after they won the NFL championship in 1933; an event for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1941;{{cite news | last=Childs | first=Kingsley | title=10,000 Fans Pack Grand Central To Acclaim Returning Dodgers; Placards Shown With Appropriate Sentiments in Brooklynese – MacPhail, at 125th St. Station, Sees Team Train Sweep By | website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 | date=September 26, 1941 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/09/26/archives/10000-fans-pack-grand-central-to-acclaim-returning-dodgers-placards.html | access-date=February 4, 2019}} and several large parties and New Year's celebrations.{{cite news | last=Barron | first=James | title=Preparing to Dance Away 1991 at Grand Central | website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 | date=December 26, 1991 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/nyregion/preparing-to-dance-away-1991-at-grand-central.html | access-date=February 4, 2019}}

Various special exhibits and events have also been held at the Main Concourse throughout the years.{{harvnb|ps=.|Robins|New York Transit Museum|2013|pp=200, 205–206}}

File:Grand Central rays of sunlight.jpg

{{see also|Grand Central Terminal art}}

The Main Concourse is one of the most-photographed places in New York City and the United States. One of the most famous photographs of the space shows light streaming from its clerestory windows down to the floor. The work is reproduced online through hundreds of different images, with variations in angles, cropping, flipping, filters, and watermarks, as well as the author and date attributed to the works. Photographer Penelope Umbrico collected a sample of such images in Four Photographs of Rays of Sunlight in Grand Central, on display in the terminal's Dining Concourse.

File:GCT Central Cellars 2.jpg

The Main Concourse inspired multiple works of architecture and art. These include the nearby Biltmore Hotel (designed by Warren & Wetmore and built in 1913), which held a palm court modeled after the Main Concourse. The building was gutted by developers in 1981, and although preservationists managed to secure an agreement to approximately re-create the space, a new agreement in 1983 prompted a $500,000 donation to a landmarks fund instead.{{Cite web|url=https://untappedcities.com/2013/02/12/grand-central-terminalterminal-city/|title = Grand Central Terminal: Terminal City and its Hotels|date = 12 February 2013}}

The concourse's architecture, including its central clock, is depicted on the stage of Saturday Night Live, an NBC television show. The soundstage reconstruction of the terminal in Studio 8H was first installed in 2003.{{cite news|last=Sachs|first=Andrea|title=Meet me at Grand Central for the 100th|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/meet-me-at-grand-central-for-the-100th/2013/02/21/433d7776-7add-11e2-a044-676856536b40_story.html|date=February 21, 2013|access-date=November 21, 2020}}{{cite news|title=SNL primed for 29|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2003/scene/markets-festivals/snl-primed-for-29-1117893006/|date=September 25, 2003|access-date=November 21, 2020}}

An additional inspiration taken from the Main Concourse is at the terminal's wine-and-liquor store Central Cellars. The space was formerly the Grand Central Theatre or Terminal Newsreel Theatre, open from 1937 to around 1979.{{cite web|url=https://untappedcities.com/2015/04/24/the-lost-movie-theater-of-grand-central-terminal/|title=The Lost Movie Theater of Grand Central Terminal|last=Young|first=Michelle|date=April 24, 2015|website=Untapped Cities|access-date=December 20, 2018}} The theater lobby featured an astronomical mural, which has similar colors and style to the Main Concourse ceiling. A renovation in the early 2000s removed a false ceiling, revealing the mural as well as the theater's projection window.

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}}

• {{cite book|last1=Belle|first1=John|last2=Leighton|first2=Maxinne Rhea|title=Grand Central: Gateway to a Million Lives|publisher=Norton|year=2000|isbn=978-0-393-04765-3|url=https://archive.org/details/grandcentralgate0000bell}}
• {{cite book|first1=Gregory|last1=Bilotto|first2=Frank|last2=DiLorenzo|title=Building Grand Central Terminal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1C1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT46|year=2017|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=978-1-4396-6051-5}}
• {{cite web|title=Grand Central Terminal|publisher=Landmarks Preservation Commission|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0266.pdf|date=August 2, 1967}}
• {{cite web|title=Grand Central Terminal Interior|publisher=Landmarks Preservation Commission|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1099.pdf|date=September 23, 1980|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1980}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Langmead|first=Donald|title=Icons of American Architecture: From the Alamo to the World Trade Center|publisher=Greenwood Press|series=Greenwood Icons|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-34207-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTh8b2cyGBcC&pg=PA179}}
• {{cite book|first=Sam|last=Roberts|title=Grand Central: How a Train Station Transformed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgYvB8G9higC|date=January 22, 2013|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|isbn=978-1-4555-2595-9}}
• {{cite book|last1=Robins|first1=Anthony W.|last2=New York Transit Museum|title=Grand Central Terminal: 100 Years of a New York Landmark|publisher=ABRAMS|year=2013|isbn=978-1-61312-387-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnKxDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT98}}
• {{cite book|last=Schlichting|first=Kurt C.|author-link=Kurt C. Schlichting|title=Grand Central Terminal: Railroads, Architecture and Engineering in New York|year=2001|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=978-0-8018-6510-7}}

• {{commons category-inline|Main Concourse (Grand Central Terminal)}}

{{Grand Central Terminal}}

Category:1913 establishments in New York City

Category:Grand Central Terminal

Category:Beaux-Arts architecture in New York City

Category:New York City interior landmarks

Category:Tourist attractions in Manhattan