Maku, Iran

Maku was a region of the old Armenia {{Circa|300}}–800, previously known as Artaz according to Aziz Atiya's History of Eastern Christianity.As quoted in The Search for the Twelve Apostles by William Steuart McBirnie

The Castle of Maku, original Shavarshan, was the center of the domains of the princely Armenian family of Amatuni. The Artazian branch of Amatuni family ruled the Maku region of Artaz still in the XVth century and successfully defended it against Timurleng, when he besieged the castle of Maku.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVkMAAAAIAAJ&q=clavijo |title=Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6 |last1=Clavijo|first1=Ruy González de|year=1859|publisher=Hakluyt Society |isbn=9780833722348 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/vida-y-hazanas-del-gran-tamorlan-con-la-descripcion-de-las-tierras-de-su-imperio-y-senorio--0/html/feed4b6c-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_1.htm#1|title=Vida y hazañas del Gran Tamorlán, con la descripción de las tierras de su imperio y señorío / Ruy González de Clavijo}} Maku was the capital of a Kangarli Khanate,[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Iran.htm Iran] one of numerous small, semi-independent Maku Khanates that emerged from the breakup of the Safavid Empire in the 18th century.[http://www.azerigenocide.org/hist/hist24.htm Imranova, K. and Bayramov, E. "Historical formation of the Azerbaijani political culture and national consciousness" Azerigenocide.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225115211/http://www.azerigenocide.org/hist/hist24.htm |date=2006-02-25}}

Maku served as the capital of the Kurdish Jalali dynasty into the 1860s when the centralizing Qajar government in Persia/Iran removed them, appointing a governor instead.

The city is well known in the history of the Baháʼí Faith for its fort where the Báb had been exiled to and imprisoned for nine months. At this fortress Mullá Husayn, the first Disciple of the Báb, arrived on Náw-Rúz of the year 1848 to see the Báb.

File:Mahku2008.jpg

The language of the Mako people is Kurdish and Azerbaijani Turkish.{{Cite web |date=2021-02-16 |title=ایران شناسی (288): ماکو |url=https://www.tarafdari.com/node/1860315 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=طرفداری |language=fa}}{{Cite web |title=Knowledge Graph - Triple UI |url=http://fkg.iust.ac.ir/resource/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=fkg.iust.ac.ir}}{{Cite web |title=ماکو |url=https://golshn12.blogfa.com/post/5464 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=اشنایی با شهرهای ایران وکشورهای جهان |language=fa}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 41,865 in 10,428 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094953/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 42,751 people in 11,761 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120205939/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 46,581 people in 13,940 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830042935/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=30 August 2022}}

Maku has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) owing to its location in the rain shadow of the Zagros Mountains. The city is hot and dry in the summer, and cold with little snow in the winter. Most precipitation comes from spring thunderstorms.

Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert|39.2|C|F|abbr=on}} on 12 July 2018{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy5?ind=40701&l=1&m1=07&y1=2018 |title=Makko - Month summary: July 2018 |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=meteomanz |no-pp=y |quote=Location : 39 22N , 44 23E , 1411 masl.}}

Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert|-23.0|C|F|abbr=on}} on 24 February 1985{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/6.asp |title=Form 6: TEMPERATURE RECORDS LOWEST IN C. STATION: MAKOO (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818170845/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/6.asp |archive-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |no-pp=y |type=asp}}

{{Weather box

| location = Maku (1991-2020, extremes 1985-present)

| single line = yes

| metric first = yes

|Jan record high C = 12.0

|Feb record high C = 15.2

|Mar record high C = 24.2

|Apr record high C = 29.8

|May record high C = 32.4

|Jun record high C = 37.4

|Jul record high C = 39.2

|Aug record high C = 38.4

|Sep record high C = 35.8

|Oct record high C = 30.2

|Nov record high C = 22.2

|Dec record high C = 19.0

| Jan high C = 0.9

| Feb high C = 3.8

| Mar high C = 9.7

| Apr high C = 15.6

| May high C = 20.4

| Jun high C = 26.1

| Jul high C = 29.9

| Aug high C = 30.2

| Sep high C = 25.5

| Oct high C = 18.4

| Nov high C = 10.1

| Dec high C = 3.3

| year high C = 16.2

| Jan mean C = -3.6

| Feb mean C = -1.0

| Mar mean C = 4.8

| Apr mean C = 10.5

| May mean C = 15.0

| Jun mean C = 20.1

| Jul mean C = 23.9

| Aug mean C = 24.1

| Sep mean C = 19.4

| Oct mean C = 12.8

| Nov mean C = 5.0

| Dec mean C = -1.1

| year mean C = 10.8

| Jan low C = -7.2

| Feb low C = -4.8

| Mar low C = 0.5

| Apr low C = 5.7

| May low C = 9.7

| Jun low C = 13.8

| Jul low C = 17.7

| Aug low C = 17.7

| Sep low C = 13.2

| Oct low C = 7.8

| Nov low C = 1.0

| Dec low C = -4.5

| year low C = 5.9

|Jan record low C = -22.8

|Feb record low C = -23.0

|Mar record low C = -22.0

|Apr record low C = -8.0

|May record low C = 0.0

|Jun record low C = 4.0

|Jul record low C = 8.0

|Aug record low C = 9.4

|Sep record low C = 2.4

|Oct record low C = -2.6

|Nov record low C = -15.3

|Dec record low C = -22.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 15.3

| Feb precipitation mm = 16.2

| Mar precipitation mm = 30.5

| Apr precipitation mm = 46.3

| May precipitation mm = 59.4

| Jun precipitation mm = 37.4

| Jul precipitation mm = 18.6

| Aug precipitation mm = 12.3

| Sep precipitation mm = 14.1

| Oct precipitation mm = 24.9

| Nov precipitation mm = 22.1

| Dec precipitation mm = 14.7

| year precipitation mm = 311.8

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 3.3

| Feb precipitation days = 3.8

| Mar precipitation days = 5.6

| Apr precipitation days = 7.9

| May precipitation days = 10.4

| Jun precipitation days = 6.8

| Jul precipitation days = 3.8

| Aug precipitation days = 2.2

| Sep precipitation days = 2.4

| Oct precipitation days = 5.3

| Nov precipitation days = 4.7

| Dec precipitation days = 3.6

| year precipitation days = 59.8

| Jan humidity = 73

| Feb humidity = 65

| Mar humidity = 58

| Apr humidity = 55

| May humidity = 56

| Jun humidity = 47

| Jul humidity = 43

| Aug humidity = 41

| Sep humidity = 44

| Oct humidity = 56

| Nov humidity = 66

| Dec humidity = 73

| year humidity = 56.4

| Jan dew point C =-8.2

| Feb dew point C =-7.4

| Mar dew point C =-3.7

| Apr dew point C =0.8

| May dew point C =5.3

| Jun dew point C =7.4

| Jul dew point C =9.5

| Aug dew point C =8.8

| Sep dew point C =5.8

| Oct dew point C =3.2

| Nov dew point C =-1.4

| Dec dew point C =-5.7

| Jan sun = 133

| Feb sun = 155

| Mar sun = 175

| Apr sun = 184

| May sun = 231

| Jun sun = 295

| Jul sun = 324

| Aug sun = 321

| Sep sun = 276

| Oct sun = 204

| Nov sun = 164

| Dec sun = 122

| year sun = 2584

| source 1 = NOAA NCEI{{cite web

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Maku_40701.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 2 August 2023}}

| source 2 = IRIMO (extremes{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/7.asp |title=Form 7: TEMPERATURE RECORDS HIGHEST IN C. STATION: MAKOO (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819052103/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/7.asp |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |no-pp=y |type=asp}}}}

{{Weather box

|location = Maku, Iran (1985-2010, extremes 1985-present)

|collapsed = yes

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 12.0

|Feb record high C = 15.2

|Mar record high C = 24.2

|Apr record high C = 29.8

|May record high C = 32.4

|Jun record high C = 37.4

|Jul record high C = 39.2

|Aug record high C = 38.4

|Sep record high C = 35.8

|Oct record high C = 30.2

|Nov record high C = 22.2

|Dec record high C = 19.0

|Jan high C = 0.3

|Feb high C = 2.8

|Mar high C = 8.6

|Apr high C = 15.3

|May high C = 20.0

|Jun high C = 25.5

|Jul high C = 29.4

|Aug high C = 29.6

|Sep high C = 25.1

|Oct high C = 17.7

|Nov high C = 10.1

|Dec high C = 3.3

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = -3.7

|Feb mean C = -1.3

|Mar mean C = 4.1

|Apr mean C = 10.4

|May mean C = 14.7

|Jun mean C = 19.4

|Jul mean C = 23.3

|Aug mean C = 23.4

|Sep mean C = 18.9

|Oct mean C = 12.6

|Nov mean C = 5.6

|Dec mean C = -0.5

|Jan low C = −7.8

|Feb low C = −5.5

|Mar low C = −0.4

|Apr low C = 5.6

|May low C = 9.3

|Jun low C = 13.3

|Jul low C = 17.2

|Aug low C = 17.2

|Sep low C = 12.7

|Oct low C = 7.4

|Nov low C = 1.1

|Dec low C = −4.3

|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -22.8

|Feb record low C = -23.0

|Mar record low C = -22.0

|Apr record low C = -8.0

|May record low C = 0.0

|Jun record low C = 4.0

|Jul record low C = 8.0

|Aug record low C = 9.4

|Sep record low C = 2.4

|Oct record low C = -2.6

|Nov record low C = -15.3

|Dec record low C = -22.0

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm = 14.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 19.4

|Mar precipitation mm = 30.2

|Apr precipitation mm = 42.8

|May precipitation mm = 53.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 40.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 17.6

|Aug precipitation mm = 11.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 11.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 26.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 20.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 15.8

| Jan snow days =8.5

| Feb snow days =7.8

| Mar snow days =5.5

| Apr snow days =1.1

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0.2

| Nov snow days =2.7

| Dec snow days =6.6

| year snow days =

|Jan humidity = 73

|Feb humidity = 67

|Mar humidity = 59

|Apr humidity = 55

|May humidity = 55

|Jun humidity = 48

|Jul humidity = 44

|Aug humidity = 42

|Sep humidity = 44

|Oct humidity = 57

|Nov humidity = 65

|Dec humidity = 72

|Jan precipitation days = 3.5

|Feb precipitation days = 4.0

|Mar precipitation days = 5.7

|Apr precipitation days = 7.1

|May precipitation days = 9.8

|Jun precipitation days = 6.8

|Jul precipitation days = 3.2

|Aug precipitation days = 2.0

|Sep precipitation days = 1.9

|Oct precipitation days = 5.0

|Nov precipitation days = 4.6

|Dec precipitation days = 3.9

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan dew point C =-8.4

| Feb dew point C =-8.0

| Mar dew point C =-4.5

| Apr dew point C =0.6

| May dew point C =4.6

| Jun dew point C =7.2

| Jul dew point C =9.6

| Aug dew point C =8.9

| Sep dew point C =4.9

| Oct dew point C =3.0

| Nov dew point C =-1.6

| Dec dew point C =-5.7

|Jan sun = 126.5

|Feb sun = 146.2

|Mar sun = 181.2

|Apr sun = 185.7

|May sun = 230.4

|Jun sun = 290.2

|Jul sun = 327.0

|Aug sun = 322.5

|Sep sun = 274.8

|Oct sun = 199.9

|Nov sun = 162.6

|Dec sun = 119.7

|source 1 = IRIMO (extremes{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/7.asp |title=Form 7: TEMPERATURE RECORDS HIGHEST IN C. STATION: MAKOO (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819052103/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/7.asp |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |no-pp=y |type=asp}})(temperature normals{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp |title=Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=Statistics of 200 synoptic stations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217102629/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}) (dew point{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/10.asp |title=Form 10:AVERAGE OF DEW POINT TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904191418/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir:80/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/10.asp |archive-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}), (humidity{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/14.asp |title=Form 14: AVERAGE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN PERCENT Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126071952/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir:80/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/14.asp |archive-date=26 January 2015 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}), (precipitation{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/25.asp |title=Form 25: MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN mm. Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523044346/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/25.asp |archive-date=23 May 2016 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}), (snow and sleet days{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/32.asp |title=Form 32: NO. OF DAYS WITH SNOW OR SLEET Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918184017/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/32.asp |archive-date=18 September 2014 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}}), (sun 1985-2005{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/42.asp |title=Form 42: MONTHLY TOTAL OF SUNSHINE HOURS Station: Makoo (40701) |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606055957/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/azg/MAKOO/42.asp |archive-date=6 June 2013 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |type=asp}})

| source 2= Meteomanz(extremes since 2011){{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=2060&ind=40701&m1=01&y1=2011&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=MAKKO - Weather data by months |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=meteomanz |no-pp=y}}

|date=November 2011

}}

File:Maku 2.jpg

File:Maku museum.jpg, near Maku, built by one of the commanders of Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, is a popular attraction.]]

1. Baqcheh Jooq Palace: dates back to the end of the Qajar period. It used to be the house of the local governor until 1974. It is 7 km northwest of central Maku and presently functions as a museum displaying some carpets and local handicrafts.
2. Farhad's Home: A place near Baqcheh Jooq Palace. A small home with a hall and two rooms that carved into the rock. The saying comes form the story Farhad and Shirin.
3. Ruins of a fortress are folded into a ledge of the high cliff that towers above the town centre.Lonely Planet Iran, 4th edition, p124
4. Hiking: it is advisable to have a guide or stay within eyesight of the town. Due to its proximity to the Turkish border, it is easy to cross the border unintentionally.
5. Rock climbing: There are numerous rock climbing sites at the northern part of the city, some exceeding 200 meters.
6. Panj Cheshmeh – This bridge is located 5 km. from Maku on the Zangmar River, and is a monument from the Safavid era. This bridge was constructed in order to facilitate communications between Tabriz and Maku, and the surrounding rural areas.

Holders of normal passports travelling as tourists can enter Maku, Iran without a visa with maximum stay of 2 weeks (extendable) as of September 2017.{{cite web|title=Removal of entry visa for Arvand Free Zone|url=http://www.arvandfreezone.com/1396/09/20/removal-of-entry-visa-for-arvand-free-zone/?lang=en|website=Arvand Free Zone Organization|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-date=14 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114184238/http://www.arvandfreezone.com/1396/09/20/removal-of-entry-visa-for-arvand-free-zone/?lang=en|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=مزایای ثبت شرکت در مناطق آزاد

|url=https://companyregister.ir/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA/306-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.html|access-date=}}{{cite web|title=No Visa required for Iran free trade zones

|date=30 June 2015|url=http://www.irantravelingcenter.com/no-visa-required-for-iran/|access-date=}}

Admission is refused to holders of passports or travel documents containing an Israeli visa or stamp or any data showing that the visitor has been to Israel or indication of any connection with the state of Israel during the last 12 months.[http://www.ru.moscow.mfa.ir/index.aspx?fkeyid=&siteid=410&pageid=33932 Visa information on the site of IRI Embassy in Moscow]{{When|reason= During Which 12 months? |date=July 2023}}

{{Portal-inline|Iran}}

{{clear}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20141219052551/http://www.panoramio.com/map#lt=39.29652&ln=44.522282&z=4&k=2&a=1#lt=39.29652&ln=44.522282&z=4&k=2&a=1 Maku on panoramio]
• P. Oberling, The Turkic Peoples of Iranian Azerbaijan, 1964a, American Council of Learned Scientists

• [http://www.instagram.com/maku_city Maku pictures]
• [http://www.freezones.ir/ Iran Free Zones official website]
• [http://www.makufz.ir/ Maku Free Zone Organization official website]
• Mahrāveh Soroushiān, Maku, a Passageway to Cultures (Maku, Gozar'gāh-e Farhang'hā), in Persian, Jadid Online, 9 February 2009, [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/09022009/frnk/travel_to_maku].
  An audio slideshow, [http://www.jadidonline.com/images/stories/flash_multimedia/Travel_to_maku_test/maku_high.html] (5 min 23 sec).

{{Authority control}}

{{West Azerbaijan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Maku County|state=collapsed}}

Category:Foreign trade of Iran

Category:Special economic zones

Category:Populated places in Maku County

Category:Cities in West Azerbaijan province

Category:Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan province