Maniwaki
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maniwaki
| official_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Maniwaki QC.JPG
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Main street (Hwy. 105)
| image_flag =
| flag_size = 120x100px
| image_shield = Blason ville ca Maniwaki.svg
| shield_size = 120x100px
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = File:Maniwaki Quebec location diagram.png
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location within La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau RCM
| pushpin_map = Canada Western Quebec
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in western Quebec
| coordinates = {{coord|46|22|30|N|75|58|0|W|region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Quebec
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = Outaouais
| subdivision_type3 = RCM
| subdivision_name3 = La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_title1= Constituted
| established_date1 = March 15, 1904
| established_title2 =
| established_date2 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Francine Fortin
| leader_title1 = Federal riding
| leader_name1 = Pontiac
| leader_title2 = Prov. riding
| leader_name2 = Gatineau
| area_footnotes = {{cite web |title=Maniwaki, Ville (V) Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Maniwaki&DGUIDlist=2021A00052483065&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca | date=9 February 2022 |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=24 November 2022}}
| area_total_km2 = 8.82
| area_land_km2 = 5.67
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes=
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3757
| population_as_of= 2021
| population_density_km2 = 662.8
| population_blank1_title= Pop (2016–21)
| population_blank1 = {{decrease}} 2.2%
| population_blank2_title= Dwellings
| population_blank2 = 2110
| population_note =
| timezone = EST
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| postal_code_type = Postal code(s)
| postal_code = J9E 1Z9
| area_code = 819
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
}}
Maniwaki is a town in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is situated {{convert|130|km}} north of Ottawa, Ontario,{{cite web | url=https://www.distance-cities.com/search?from=ottawa%2C+ontario&to=maniwaki%2C+quebec&fromId=&toId=&flat=&flon=&tlat=&tlon=&country=ca | title=Search: Distance between ottawa, ontario and maniwaki, quebec }} on the Gatineau River, at the crossroads of Route 105 and Route 107, near Route 117 (Trans-Canada Highway). The town is the administrative centre for La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality.
History
The history of Maniwaki is closely linked to that of the adjacent Kitigan Zibi Reserve, because the Town of Maniwaki was developed on land that was originally part of this reserve. Its municipal lands were included in historical land claims by Kitigan Zibi; some of which were settled as recently as 2007.{{cite web|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/nr/prs/m-a2007/2-2920-fs-eng.asp|title=Fact Sheet - Old Burial Ground Specific Claim Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg|access-date=2008-09-17|publisher=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613190244/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/nr/prs/m-a2007/2-2920-fs-eng.asp|archive-date=June 13, 2011}}
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Algonquins of the mission at Lake of Two Mountains, under the leadership of Chief Pakinawatik, came to the area of the Désert River. Shortly after, in 1832, the Hudson's Bay Company followed them and installed a trading post at the confluence of the Désert and Gatineau rivers. A decade later, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate established the mission of Notre-Dame-du-Desert and, from 1849, they demanded of the authorities the demarcation of a township in order to establish a reserve for the Algonquins. The township limits were drawn in 1850 and the settlement was given the name of Maniwaki by the Oblates at this time (Algonquin for "Mary's Land").{{cite web|url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=291403&Latitude=46,33333&Longitude=-75,96667&Zoom=1700|title=Kitigan Zibi (Réserve indienne)|access-date=2008-09-16|publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec|language=fr}} Soon after, wood merchants, farmers, trade workers, businessmen and professionals, drawn by the forest's wealth, came to live in Maniwaki.
Ottawa was linked to Maniwaki by a branch line of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, a distance of 82.3 miles. After crossing the Ottawa River, there were stations were at Hull, Wakefield, Low, Kazabazua and Gracefield before reaching Maniwaki. It was opened in stages between 1893 and 1902. Passenger services were discontinued in 1964.{{Cite magazine |last=Legget|first=Robert F. |title=Canadian Branch Line Mortalities |magazine=Railway Magazine |volume=110 |date=February 1964 |pages=214–219 |issue=754 }} The line was totally abandoned in 1986.
Image:Eglise-Christ-Roi-Maniwaki-763.JPG
In 1851, the Oblats founded the L'Assomption-de-Maniwaki parish.{{cite web|url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=38514&Latitude=46,38333&Longitude=-75,96667&Zoom=1700|title=Maniwaki (Ville)|access-date=2008-09-17|publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec|language=fr}} Forestry took root and became the livelihood of many settlers in the region. Irish, French and Algonquins, the three traditional cultures of the Gatineau Valley, contributed to the development of the town and lived side by side in harmony. Maniwaki was officially founded in 1851 and became a township municipality in 1904. It obtained the status of "village" in 1930, and status of "Ville" in 1957.
At the end of World War I, the region, like everywhere in Quebec, indeed like in most of the world, was hit by an epidemic of the Spanish influenza. In less than two weeks, some twenty deaths were related to this sickness. Scared, people refused to go outdoors, and for the first time in its history, a Sunday passed without any mass being celebrated at the Assumption church.
The flood of 1974 is an event remembered by the local population. On May 14 of that year, the waters of the Gatineau river and those of the Désert river overflowed. The water rose at the alarming rate of 3 to 6 inches an hour. Over 1,000 residences in the Maniwaki area were flooded and approximately 3,000 people had to be evacuated. Although no one was injured, damages reached many millions of dollars.
Since 1974, no other major calamity has occurred. The area continues prospering every year in two predominant fields, namely forestry and tourism.
Geography and climate
Maniwaki has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). The average annual temperature in Maniwaki is {{cvt|4.6|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|939.2|mm}} with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around {{cvt|19.1|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|-12.0|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Maniwaki was {{cvt|37.8|C}} on 1 August 1975; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-46.7|C}} on 11 January 1954.
{{Weather box
|location = Maniwaki, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953−present
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex = 11.0
|Feb maximum humidex = 11.2
|Mar maximum humidex = 28.3
|Apr maximum humidex = 32.9
|May maximum humidex = 38.9
|Jun maximum humidex = 43.3
|Jul maximum humidex = 45.6
|Aug maximum humidex = 47.8
|Sep maximum humidex = 40.8
|Oct maximum humidex = 35.9
|Nov maximum humidex = 24.1
|Dec maximum humidex = 16.7
|year maximum humidex = 47.8
|Jan record high C = 10.9
|Feb record high C = 11.1
|Mar record high C = 27.2
|Apr record high C = 30.7
|May record high C = 35.0
|Jun record high C = 34.8
|Jul record high C = 36.8
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 35.3
|Oct record high C = 28.0
|Nov record high C = 23.1
|Dec record high C = 15.0
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = -6.4
|Feb high C = -4.3
|Mar high C = 2.0
|Apr high C = 10.0
|May high C = 18.6
|Jun high C = 23.4
|Jul high C = 25.6
|Aug high C = 24.3
|Sep high C = 19.6
|Oct high C = 11.8
|Nov high C = 4.1
|Dec high C = -3.1
|year high C = 10.5
|Jan mean C = -12.0
|Feb mean C = -10.4
|Mar mean C = -4.0
|Apr mean C = 4.0
|May mean C = 11.7
|Jun mean C = 16.7
|Jul mean C = 19.1
|Aug mean C = 17.9
|Sep mean C = 13.3
|Oct mean C = 6.7
|Nov mean C = -0.2
|Dec mean C = -7.7
|year mean C = 4.6
|Jan low C = -17.4
|Feb low C = -16.5
|Mar low C = -10.0
|Apr low C = -2.1
|May low C = 4.8
|Jun low C = 10.0
|Jul low C = 12.6
|Aug low C = 11.5
|Sep low C = 7.1
|Oct low C = 1.5
|Nov low C = -4.5
|Dec low C = -12.2
|year low C = -1.3
|Jan record low C = -46.7
|Feb record low C = -43.9
|Mar record low C = -38.9
|Apr record low C = -23.3
|May record low C = -8.3
|Jun record low C = -2.2
|Jul record low C = 1.6
|Aug record low C = -0.3
|Sep record low C = -4.7
|Oct record low C = -11.7
|Nov record low C = -25.5
|Dec record low C = -38.3
|year record low C = -46.7
|Jan chill = -45.7
|Feb chill = -46.8
|Mar chill = -38.7
|Apr chill = -26.8
|May chill = -9.7
|Jun chill = -4.1
|Jul chill = 0.0
|Aug chill = 0.0
|Sep chill = -6.0
|Oct chill = -12.7
|Nov chill = -29.5
|Dec chill = -42.5
|year chill = -46.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 55.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 70.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 72.3
|May precipitation mm = 72.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 79.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 87.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 94.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 86.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 96.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 72.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 75.9
|year precipitation mm = 939.2
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14.8
|Feb precipitation days = 12.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.6
|Apr precipitation days = 11.9
|May precipitation days = 11.6
|Jun precipitation days = 11.1
|Jul precipitation days = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 12.3
|Sep precipitation days = 11.9
|Oct precipitation days = 12.9
|Nov precipitation days = 13.8
|Dec precipitation days = 14.6
|year precipitation days = 150.9
|time day = 3pm
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 68.7
|Feb humidity = 59.3
|Mar humidity = 51.2
|Apr humidity = 46.6
|May humidity = 46.4
|Jun humidity = 51.4
|Jul humidity = 53.9
|Aug humidity = 55.9
|Sep humidity = 59.8
|Oct humidity = 61.6
|Nov humidity = 69.6
|Dec humidity = 74.7
|year humidity = 58.3
|Jan dew point C = -13.8
|Feb dew point C = -12.3
|Mar dew point C = -6.9
|Apr dew point C = -1.6
|May dew point C = 4.2
|Jun dew point C = 11.2
|Jul dew point C = 13.7
|Aug dew point C = 13.2
|Sep dew point C = 9.2
|Oct dew point C = 3.5
|Nov dew point C = -1.9
|Dec dew point C = -10.5
|source 1 = Environment and Climate Change Canada{{cite web
|publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
|url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=QC&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=120000000&dispBack=0
|title = Maniwaki (Composite Station Threads)
|work = Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data
|access-date = 30 December 2023
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240411100208/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=QC&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=120000000&dispBack=0
|archive-date = 11 April 2024}} (dew point 1pm, 1951–1980)
{{cite web
|publisher = Environment Canada
|url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/doc/En56-60-8-1984.pdf
|title = Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 8: Atmospheric, Pressure, Temperature and Humidity
|access-date = August 11, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230809040423/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/doc/En56-60-8-1984.pdf
|archive-date = 2023-08-09}}}}
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Maniwaki had a population of {{val|3757|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|1881|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|2110|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:3757-3843}}|3843|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|3843|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|5.67|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|3757|5.67|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000224 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=August 29, 2022}}
{{Canada census
|location = Maniwaki
|2021_population=3,757 | 2021_pop_delta=-2.2 | 2021_land_area=5.67 | 2021_pop_density=662.8
|2021_median_age=54.4 | 2021_median_age_m=52.0 | 2021_median_age_f=56.4
|2021_total_pvt_dwell=2,110 |2021_occ_pvt_dwell=1,881 |2021_mean_hh_income=50,000
|2021_geocode=2021A00052483065 | 2021_access_date=2023-10-19
|2016_population=3,853 | 2016_pop_delta=-2.0 | 2016_land_area=5.98 | 2016_pop_density=644.3
|2016_median_age=52.4 | 2016_median_age_m=50.8 | 2016_median_age_f=53.7
|2016_total_pvt_dwell=2,061 | 2016_mean_hh_income=37,419 | 2016_access_date=2022-11-24
|notes=2021 population change based on revised count.
}}
{{Historical populations
|title = {{Nowrap|Historical census populations –}} Maniwaki
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages =
|footnote = 2016 figure is revised count from 2021. 2001 figure is based on revised count.
|source = Statistics Canada1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census{{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Amend.cfm |title=Statistics Canada - Population and dwelling count amendments to the 2001 Census |access-date=2012-05-31 |archive-date=2015-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019180654/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Amend.cfm |url-status=dead }}
| 1976 |5969
| 1981 |5424
| 1986 |5168
| 1991 |4605
| 1996 |4527
| 2001 |4020
| 2006 |4102
| 2011 |3930
| 2016 |3843
| 2021 |3757
}}
- English as first language: 5.5%
- French as first language: 90.7%
- English and French as first language: 0.7%
- Other as first language: 3.1%
Notable people
- Annie Galipeau - actress who starred in the 1999 movie about Grey Owl, alongside Pierce Brosnan
- Matt Lang - country music artist
- Gino Odjick - NHL player for Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens
- Bridget Tolley - activist for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW), founder Families of Sisters in Spirit
Disappearance of Maisy Odjick and Shannon Alexander
On September 6, 2008, the town of Maniwaki was brought into the international spotlight with the disappearance of Maisy Odjick and Shannon Alexander from the Kitigan Zibi Nation. Search and Rescue Global One was invited to the community by the chief and council. Two separate searches were conducted, both unsuccessful. Since their disappearance, the Quebec police, RCMP and the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg police have carried out several investigations, but it was not possible to move the case forward.{{cite web| url = http://www.ottawasun.com/2015/12/03/this-is-what-missing-maniwaki-girls-maisy-odjick-and-shannon-alexander-would-look-like-7-years-after-they-disappeared| title = This is what missing Maniwaki girls, Maisy Odjick and Shannon Alexander, would look like 7 years after they disappeared {{!}} Ottawa Sun| work = ottawasun}}
References
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://www.ville.maniwaki.qc.ca/ Official website]
{{Geographic Location
| Centre = Maniwaki
| North = Egan-Sud
| Northeast =
| East = Déléage
| Southeast =
| South = Kitigan Zibi (Maniwaki 18)
| Southwest =
| West = Kitigan Zibi (Maniwaki 18)
| Northwest =
}}
{{Haute-Gatineau RCM|state=expanded}}
{{authority control}}