Marshall Roberts Collection

Roberts was a noted art collector and staunch supporter of American artists who never sold or exchanged a painting after he bought it.{{cite news |title=Marshall O. Roberts Dead; the Life of One of New York's Merchants Ended. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1880/09/12/archives/marshall-o-roberts-dead-the-life-of-one-of-new-yorks-merchants.html |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=12 September 1880}} He was considered the prototypical New York patron, like Gilpin in Philadelphia and Harrison Gray Otis in Boston.{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Neil |title=The Artist in American Society: The Formative Years |date=1982 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31754-0 |page=280 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmNlwv0HKjIC&dq=Marshall+Owen+Roberts&pg=PA280 |accessdate=28 May 2020 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Kenneth T. |last2=Keller |first2=Lisa |last3=Flood |first3=Nancy |title=The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition |date=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-18257-6 |page=4508 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT4508 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} He "made no pretensions to connoisseurship, but was guided in his purchases simply by fancy, or with a view to assisting some needy artist." Roberts served on the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Board of Trustees in 1870 and 1871, and lent some of his paintings to the Metropolitan Fair Picture Gallery in 1864 held at the Fourteenth Street Armory.{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=Winifred E. |title=A History of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, with a Chapter on the Early Institutions of Art in New York |date=1914 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o8E9CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}}

Roberts formed his collection of 335 paintings at a time when the Düsseldorf School of German genre paintings were the fashion and the canvases which told human stories were most worthy of attention.

His best-known acquisition is Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware,{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Roberts kept Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware, which he acquired the early 1860s, in a fixed frame which occupied the entire eastern wall of the gallery. It was noted in the catalog of the sale that the purchaser of the painting "will be obliged to remove it from its position in the gallery at his own risk and expense." It was purchased by John Stewart Kennedy for $16,100 ({{Inflation|US|16100|1897|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) who donated it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.{{cite news |title=PAINTING TO REMAIN HERE; "Washington Crossing the Delaware" Bought by J.S. Kennedy. GIFT FOR MUSEUM OF ART. He Paid $16,000 for the Picture at the Roberts Sale -- Men Representing the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington Bid Against Him. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1897/01/21/archives/painting-to-remain-here-washington-crossing-the-delaware-bought-by.html |accessdate=1 June 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=21 January 1897}}}}{{cite web |title=Marshall O. Roberts {{!}} 1884 {{!}} Ames Van Wart American |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/13042 |website=www.metmuseum.org |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |accessdate=28 May 2020}} which he bought for $10,000 (at the time, an enormous sum).{{cite web |title=Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851 Emanuel Leutze |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11417 |website=www.metmuseum.org |accessdate=28 May 2020}} Roberts built an art gallery, attached to his home, 107 Fifth Avenue (at the southeast corner of 18th Street), where he displayed his collection, which included Rembrandt Peale's Babes in the Wood,{{cite book |last1=Benjamin |first1=Samuel Greene Wheeler |title=Art in America: A Critical and Historical Sketch |date=1880 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |page=28 |isbn=9780824022327 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RchAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Daniel Huntington's Venice, Good Samaritan{{cite news |title=PAINTING FOR NEW JERSEY.; Huntington's "Good Samaritan" to Hang in Trenton. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1897/04/02/archives/painting-for-new-jersey-huntingtons-good-samaritan-to-hang-in.html |accessdate=1 June 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=2 April 1897}} and Old Lawyer,{{cite book |last1=Luhrs |first1=Kathleen |title=American paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. |date=1965 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-0-87099-439-5 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHIrFr5DkcwC&pg=PA65 |accessdate=1 June 2020 |language=en}} Frederick Stuart Church's Rainy Season in the Tropics{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Frederick Stuart Church's Rainy Season in the Tropics sold for $1,550 ({{Inflation|US|1550|1897|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) to S.O. Wright & Co., presumably for a customer.}} and Coast of Maine, Régis François Gignoux's Hawk's Nest, West Virginia,{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Régis François Gignoux's Hawk's Nest, West Virginia was considered by The New York Times in 1897 to be "the best landscape that Gignoux ever painted, and which, even with its defects and its indices of an art school long dead, can be studied with pleasure for its lovely light, good distance, and soft color."}} Richard Caton Woodville's War News from Mexico, Asher Brown Durand's Indian Rescue, Schaeffele's Marie de Medici's Visit to Ruben's Studio, Johann Georg Meyer's First Lesson, Constant Troyon's After the Hunt, Paul Falconer Poole's Pension Agent, Charles Verlat's Sheep in Pasture, Paul Delaroche's Napoleon at Fontainbleau, Ernest Meissonier's The Smoker (1849) Thomas Sidney Cooper's Monarch of the Plain, Édouard Frère's Mother and Infant and The Industrious Mother,{{cite book |title=Round Table |date=1863 |publisher=H. E. and C. H. Sweeter |page=266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XlNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA266 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} John Frederick Kensett's Noon by the Sea Shore{{refn|group=lower-alpha|John Frederick Kensett's 1863 Noon by the Sea Shore was a scene of the cliff walk at Newport, painted long before that walk had become the formal and aristocratic path that it became. It was later owned by Samuel P. Avery, Jr.{{cite book |last1=N.Y.) |first1=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York |last2=Story |first2=George Henry |title=Catalogue of the Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=1900 |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hndFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA42 |accessdate=1 June 2020 |language=en}}}} and Franconia Notch, Henry Peters Gray's Rose of Fiesole and Just Fifteen,{{cite book |last1=Bryan |first1=Michael |title=Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers |date=1903 |publisher=G. Bell |page=273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjEjAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA273 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} George A. Baker's Love at First Sight,{{cite book |title=Book of the Artists: American Artist Life, Comprising Biographical and Critical Sketches of American Artists: Preceded by an Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of Art in America |date=1870 |publisher=G.P. Putnam & son |page=489 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPJYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA489 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Wild Flowers and Children of the Wood, John George Brown's His First Cigar,{{cite book |title=The Outlook |date=1913 |publisher=Outlook Company |page=378 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbtOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA378 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Thomas Cole's Old Mill, James McDougal Hart's Old Homestead and Morning in the Adirondacks,{{cite book |last1=Howard |first1=Henry Ward Beecher |last2=Jervis |first2=Arthur N. |title=The Eagle and Brooklyn: The Record of the Progress of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle |date=1893 |publisher=Brooklyn Daily Eagle |page=783 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SUsMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA783 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} William Henry Powell's Landing of the Pilgrims,{{cite web |title=Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto |url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/historic-rotunda-paintings/discovery-mississippi-by-de-soto |website=www.aoc.gov |publisher=Architect of the Capitol |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} William Sidney Mount's Raffling for a Goose,{{cite book |last1=Caldwell |first1=John |last2=Roque |first2=Oswaldo Rodriguez |last3=Johnson |first3=Dale T. |title=American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1: A Catalogue of Works by Artists Born by 1815 |date=1994 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |page=515 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dYdWBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA515 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Robert Swain Gifford's On The St. Lawrence and View of Quebec, Eugene Benson's Thoughts in Exile, Thomas Sully's Woman at the Well and A Girl Offering Flowers at a Shrine,{{cite book |last1=Waters |first1=Clara Erskine Clement |last2=Hutton |first2=Laurence |title=Artists of the Nineteenth Century and Their Works: A Handbook Containing Two Thousand and Fifty Biographical Sketches |date=1884 |publisher=J. R. Osgood |page=279 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jbo7QtgevcQC&pg=RA1-PA279 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Seymour Joseph Guy's A Field Daisy and Good Sister,{{cite book |title=Appletons' Journal |date=1875 |publisher=D. Appleton and Company |page=827 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wQZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA827 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} Charles Loring Elliott's Portrait of Himself, and George Henry Boughton's Gypsy Women, Jean-Léon Gérôme's The Egyptian Conscript,{{cite book |last1=Trumble |first1=Alfred |title=The Art Collector: A Journal Devoted to the Arts and the Crafts |date=1889 |publisher=A. Trumble |page=150 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQUJ54BsHDAC&pg=PA150 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=en}} James Augustus Suydam's On the Beach, Charles Baugniet's Dressing for the Ball, Benjamin Vautier's The Letter, as well as works by M. H. Koekkoek Édouard Detaille.{{cite news |title=THE MARSHALL O. ROBERTS ART COLLECTIONS. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/01/09/117895635.html |accessdate=30 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=January 9, 1897 |language=en}}

In addition to the 1876 Indian Vase by his son-in-law Ames Van Wart, Robert's collection included 1,000 different numbers in bronze, art objects and furnishings. His sculptures included Erastus Dow Palmer's medallion base-reliefs Night and Morning, Franklin Simmons's The Promised Land,{{cite book |last1=Gardner |first1=Albert Ten Eyck |last2=N.Y.) |first2=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York |title=American Sculpture: A Catalogue of the Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=1965 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCjdH3iQ01wC&pg=PA36 |accessdate=1 June 2020 |language=en}} and Voso's Cupid and Psyche.

Roberts died on September 11, 1880, while in Saratoga Springs, New York. The entire collection was left to his widow, the former Sarah Lawrence "Susan" Endicott. At the time of his death, it was reported that he had spent $600,000 ({{Inflation|US|600000|1880|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) on the collection which was then worth over $750,000 ({{Inflation|US|750000|1880|r=-3|fmt=eq}}). In 1892, Susan remarried Ralph Vivian of Claverton Manor{{cite book |title=Who's Who |date=1910 |publisher=A. & C. Black |page=1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mhOB8aHaRf0C&pg=RA29-PA1991 |accessdate=28 May 2020 |language=en}}{{cite book |title=The American Almanac, Year-book, Cyclopaedia and Atlas |date=1903 |publisher=New York American and Journal, Hearst's Chicago American and San Francisco Examiner |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1kTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172 |accessdate=28 May 2020 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Ralph Vivian Married; Mrs. Marshall O. Roberts Becomes His Bride. a Throng of Guests at the Ceremony -- Beautiful Floral Decorations -- Brilliant Reception After the Wedding. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1892/01/08/archives/ralph-vivian-married-mrs-marshall-o-roberts-becomes-his-bride-a.html |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=8 January 1892}} They moved to London and the collection remained in the Fifth Avenue home, which remained unoccupied other than during the winter of 1893 to 1894 when Cornelius and Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt leased the mansion while they were expanded their chateau at Fifth Avenue and 57th Street.

In 1897, Susan hired Messrs. Ortgies & Co. of the Fifth Avenue Art Galleries, under the management of Samuel P. Avery, Jr., to auction off the entire collection. The auction of the paintings took place at Chickering Hall on the evenings of January 19, 20, and 21, 1897. The statuary, art objects, and other furnishings were auctioned off from the Fifth Avenue home on January 18 and 22.{{cite news |title=M.O. ROBERTS'S TREASURES; ALL WILL BE SOLD AT AUCTION IN THIS CITY. The Pictures, Statuary, and Art Objects of the Once Famous Collection Were Left to the Widow, Now Mrs. Ralph Vivian. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/01/05/102092968.html |accessdate=30 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=January 5, 1897 |page=3 |language=en}}

In total, $41,754 ({{Inflation|US|41754|1897|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) was received for the sale of 172 pictures, $8,764 during the first night's sale and $32,990 the following night at Chickering Hall. The Roberts home on Fifth Avenue was sold and in July 1901, architect Robert Maynicke filed plans for a new eleven-story building to be erected by Henry Corn on the site of the home.{{cite news |title=IN THE REAL ESTATE FIELD; Isaac H. Clothier Buys a Plot on East Ninety-fifth Street -- Other Dealings and Auction Sales. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1901/07/09/archives/in-the-real-estate-field-isaac-h-clothier-buys-a-plot-on-east.html |accessdate=1 June 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=9 July 1901}} The new building, extant today at 105 Fifth Avenue, was the original location of the Barnes & Noble chain of bookstores from 1932 to 2014.{{cite web |title=105 Fifth Avenue, the Folio Building |url=http://landmarkbranding.com/105-fifth-avenue-folio-building/ |website=landmarkbranding.com |publisher=Landmark Branding LLC |accessdate=1 June 2020 |language=en |date=6 June 2014}}

;Paintings

File:Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

File:DelarocheNapoleon.jpg|Napoléon à Fontainebleau by Paul Delaroche, 1840

File:The Raffle (Raffling for the Goose) MET DT1511.jpg|Raffling for the Goose by William Sidney Mount, 1837

File:War News from Mexico.jpg|War News from Mexico by Richard Caton Woodville, 1848

File:The smoker.jpeg|The Smoker by Ernest Meissonier

File:Frederic Edwin Church - Rainy Season in the Tropics - Google Art Project.jpg|Rainy Season in the Tropics by Frederic Edwin Church, 1866

File:James McDougal Hart - 'The Old Homestead', 1862, High Museum.JPG|The Old Homestead by James McDougal Hart, 1862

File:Indian-Rescue-863x1100.jpg|Indian Rescue by Asher Brown Durand

;Sculpture and pottery

File:Indian Vase MET 97.10.jpg|Indian Vase by Ames Van Wart, 1876

File:The Promised Land MET 97.11.jpg|The Promised Land by Franklin Simmons, carved 1874

File:Morning by Erastus Dow Palmer, 1854, marble - Albany Institute of History and Art - DSC08271.JPG|Morning by Erastus Dow Palmer, 1854

;Notes

{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

;Sources

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Marshall Roberts Collection}}

• [https://www.loc.gov/item/2017892990/ Marshall O. Roberts] at the Library of Congress

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshall O. Roberts, Art collection of}}

Category:Private art collections