Marwahin
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Marwahin
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|native_name = {{lang|ar|مروحين}}
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|settlement_type = Municipality
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Lebanon}}
| subdivision_type1 = Governorate
| subdivision_name1 = South Governorate
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Tyre
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Marwahin ({{langx|ar|مروحين}}; Marwāḩīn) is a municipality in Lebanon, on its border with Israel.
Etymology
According to E. H. Palmer, the name comes either from: [..] "a place where the wind blows, effacing the traces of dwellings,' or from [..] "a fan".Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/49/mode/1up 49]
History
In 1875, Victor Guérin found here many ruins, with some Bedouin camping among the ruins.Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n151/mode/1up 133]
In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) found here: "Traces of ruins, one tomb with fourteen loculi, three cisterns, and one olive-press."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/179/mode/1up 179]
=Modern era=
On 31 March 1993 an Israeli tank was destroyed and its crew killed in an ambush near Marwahin. The DFLP claimed responsibility for the attack. Two weeks later, 13 April, a further three Israeli soldiers were killed in the security zone.Middle East International No 450, 14 April (sic - actually June) 1993, Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; April chronology p.15
During the 2006 Lebanon War, Marwahin was the site of ground exchanges between Israel and Hezbollah, which ended with a massacre of civilians. According to Human Rights Watch, the villagers of Marwahin reported that there had been some Hezbollah fighters and weapons in their village.[https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/lebanon0907.pdf 'Why They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War,'] Human Rights Watch Volume 19, No. 5(E) September 2007 pp.8,15,44,66,147-
Lebanese civilian refugees from the town were first ordered by Israeli forces to flee the area, and given two hours to do so. They were then slaughtered in a convoy hit by an Israeli helicopter crew when they proceeded to obey the order to evacuate.{{cite news | title = Why do they hate the West so much, we will ask|last=Fisk |first =Robert|author-link =Robert Fisk|work=The Independent|date=2009-07-01 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-why-do-they-hate-the-west-so-much-we-will-ask-1230046.html |accessdate=2012-05-12}}
{{cite news |title=Marwahin 15 July 2006 The anatomy of a massacre|last=Fisk |first =Robert|author-link =Robert Fisk |work=The Independent |date=2006-11-30 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/marwahin-15-july-2006-the-anatomy-of-a-massacre-6231215.html |accessdate=2016-08-12}} Only two persons survived the massacre, by pretending to be dead. According to Human Rights Watch, no weapons were found in the vehicles destroyed by the Israeli attacks and personnel who tried to recover the victims' bodies were attacked. Human Rights Watch cited it as one of nine cases where they had ascertained that Israeli warplanes targeted civilian vehicles on roads during the 2006 hostilities. It stated that 23 civilians from this one village were killed by the Israeli strike, including 14 children and 7 women.{{cite news
|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/dec/21/human-rights-watch-and-israel-an-exchange/?pagination=false
|title=Human Rights Watch and Israel: An Exchange
|publisher=The New York Review of Books
|date=2006-11-02
|accessdate=2012-05-12}}
HRW, 2007, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8P9-VqpNRv4C&pg=PA147 147]-151 The study reveals that the prime cause for the high Lebanese civilian death toll was Israel's repeated failure to abide by a fundamental obligation of war rules.
On October 8, 2024, during a ground operation in the area, the Israeli military announced the dismantling of a Hezbollah tunnel that extended approximately 25 meters into Israeli territory from the area of Marwahin.{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Israel army says dismantled Hezbollah tunnel that crossed into Israel |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2574487/middle-east |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Arab News |language=en}}
Demographics
In 2014 Muslims made up 99.67% of registered voters in Marwahin. 95.67% of the voters were Sunni Muslims.https://lub-anan.com/المحافظات/الجنوب/صور/مروحين/المذاهب/ Before the start of the most recent Israel-Hezbollah War (in 2023), the town had between 3,000 and 4,000 residents, all of whom were displaced by the conflict.{{Cite news |last=سعد |first=حسين |title=مروحين خالية من السكان منكوبة بدمارها.. محروقة أرضها بالفوسفور |url=https://www.almodon.com/society/2024/5/5/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240516063900/https://www.almodon.com/society/2024/5/5/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=almodon |language=ar}}
See also
References
{{reflist|25em}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}}
- {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
- {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
{{refend}}
External links
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons]
- [http://www.localiban.org/article3691.html Merouahine], Localiban
{{Tyre District}}
Category:Populated places in the Israeli security zone 1985–2000