Mass detentions in the Gaza war

{{Main|Palestinian prisoners in Israel}}

Since 1967, one million Palestinians have been arrested by Israel.{{Cite web |title=Why are so many Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/why-are-so-many-palestinian-prisoners-in-israeli-jails |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} In July 2023, the United Nations Human Rights Office reported that 5,000 Palestinians (including 160 minors) were incarcerated in Israeli jails and prisons.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=Dismantle Israel's carceral regime and "open-air" imprisonment of Palestinians: UN expert |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/dismantle-israels-carceral-regime-and-open-air-imprisonment-palestinians-un |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner - Press Releases}} Some have been convicted of crimes by Israeli authorities; the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories describes many convictions as resulting from "a litany of violations of international law, including due process violations, that taint the legitimacy of the administration of justice by the occupying power."{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=Special Rapporteur Says Israel's Unlawful Carceral Practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Are Tantamount to International Crimes and Have Turned it into an Open-Air Prison |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/07/special-rapporteur-says-israels-unlawful-carceral-practices-occupied-palestinian |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=United Nations Human Rights Council - News}} As of August 2023, 1,200 Palestinians were held without any charges or trial, in a practice referred to as "administrative detention"; Israel justifies the practice on the basis of security.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-08-01 |title=Israel holds over 1,200 detainees without charge. That's the most in 3 decades, a rights group says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israel-holds-1200-detainees-charge-3-decades-rights-101905571 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=ABC News |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-08 |title=Israel formally declares war, approves 'significant' steps to retaliate for Hamas attack |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/israel-gaza-hamas-hezbollah-1.6990466 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=CBC News}} The administrative detention of at least 105 Palestinians was based on an Israeli law known as the "unlawful combatants law", which excludes the detained from prisoner of war status under article four of the Third Geneva Convention.{{cite news |last1=Berger |first1=Miriam |title=Israel is detaining civilians in Gaza. Many have disappeared, families say. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/09/gaza-civilians-detained-israel/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211024023/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/09/gaza-civilians-detained-israel/ |archive-date=2023-12-11 |access-date=10 December 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{cite web |last1=Bob |first1=Yonah Jeremy |title=Israel holding some 6,000 Palestinian prisoners, 'unlawful combatants' |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-771386 |website=The Jerusalem Post |date=November 2, 2023 |access-date=10 December 2023}}

Hamas, which has governed the Gaza Strip since 2007, has been engaged in a prolonged conflict with Israel.{{Cite web |title=Israel's war on Gaza in 10 explainers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/28/israels-war-on-gaza-in-ten-explainers |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=2019-05-14 |title=Israel Gaza war: History of the conflict explained |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-44124396 |access-date=2023-12-11}} On October 7, 2023, a significant surprise attack by Hamas on southern Israel marked a major escalation in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The IDF estimated that approximately 3,000 Hamas-led militants entered Israel during the invasion. The invasion was characterized by its scale and intensity, as the militants allegedly targeted both military bases and Israeli civilians, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 1,200 people in Israel (according to Israel, mostly non-combatants) and the capture of over 200 military captives and civilian hostages of varying ages.{{Cite news |last=Bob |first=Yonah Jeremy |date=2023-11-21 |title=Israel-Hamas war: Shin Bet interrogations break open Hamas strategy |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-774448 |access-date=2023-12-08}}{{Cite news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=2023-11-01 |title=IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught |publisher=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-estimates-3000-hamas-terrorists-invaded-israel-in-oct-7-onslaught/ |access-date=2023-12-08}}{{cite news |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |last2=Pacchiani |first2=Gianluca |date=1 November 2023 |title=IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught |publisher=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-estimates-3000-hamas-terrorists-invaded-israel-in-oct-7-onslaught/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101214815/https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-estimates-3000-hamas-terrorists-invaded-israel-in-oct-7-onslaught/ |archive-date=1 November 2023}}

According to Israeli sources, more than 600 militants who participated in the attack were detained in Israel.{{Cite news |last=Ilnai |first=Itay |date=2023-11-05 |title=Detained terrorists: 'Hamas has become akin to animals; they've become ISIS' |publisher=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/hjnc0ysx6 |access-date=2023-12-08}}{{Cite news |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=2023-10-23 |title=An apartment and $10K promised for each Israeli captive, captured terrorist says |publisher=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkm3zrvmt |access-date=2023-12-08 |time=23:06 IST}}

{{See also|Israeli permit regime in the Gaza Strip}}

Prior to the outbreak of the war, approximately 19,000 Gazan men over the age of 25 were permitted to work in Israel, predominantly in the agricultural and construction sectors. The measure was intended to provide economic opportunities, with the aim of alleviating widespread poverty in the Gaza Strip.

On October 10, the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), a department of Israel's government responsible for administering the work permit program, revoked all work permits previously issued to Gaza residents and stated that "they will not be reinstated".{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Six human rights organizations in High Court petition against secret and illegal detention of thousands of Palestinian permit-holders from Gaza |url=https://hamoked.org/document.php?dID=Updates2378 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=HaMoked (Centre for the Defence of the Individual)}} The Israeli government's press office said: "There will be no more Palestinian workers from Gaza. Those workers from Gaza who were in Israel on the day of the outbreak of the war will be returned to Gaza." The suspension of work permits stripped these individuals of their legal status, rendering them "illegal aliens" under Israeli law.{{Cite web |title=Thousands of Palestinian permit-holders from Gaza are being held in Israel secretly and illegally - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/10929 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Marsi |first1=Federica |last2=Gostoli |first2=Ylenia |title=Israel secretly detaining thousands of missing Gaza workers: Rights groups |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/28/thousands-of-gaza-workers-go-missing-in-israel-amid-wartime-mass-arrests |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

Israel has arrested over three thousand Palestinians from the West Bank since October 7 2023, and widely imposed administrative detention orders on them, according to local rights groups.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}{{cite news |title='Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' Day 18: Palestinian prisoner dies in Israeli custody; 32 health centers in Gaza forced out of service |publisher=Mondoweiss |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2023/10/operation-al-aqsa-flood-day-18-palestinian-prisoner-dies-in-israeli-custody-32-health-centers-in-gaza-forced-out-of-service/}}{{Cite web |title=Israel releases Palestinian women and children prisoners under Hamas deal |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/israel-releases-palestinian-women-and-children-prisoners-under-hamas-deal |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Patil |first=Anushka |date=2023-11-27 |title=A Palestinian Author, Ahed Tamimi, Faces Indefinite Detention After Hearing |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/27/world/middleeast/ahed-tamimi-detained-israel.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128022203/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/27/world/middleeast/ahed-tamimi-detained-israel.html |archive-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0362-4331}} According to the Palestinian Commission for Detainees and Ex-Prisoners' Affairs, the number of Palestinians in Israeli prisons had doubled from 5,200 prisoners before October 7 to more than 10,000 prisoners and detainees as of October 24. As of November 23, the Commission placed the number at 8,300, including 3,000 individuals held in administrative detention.{{Cite web |last1=Salman |first1=Abeer |last2=Elbagir |first2=Nima |last3=Arvantidis |first3=Barbara |last4=Platt |first4=Alex |last5=Ebrahim |first5=Nadeen |date=2023-11-22 |title=Who are the Palestinian prisoners on Israel's list for potential release? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/22/middleeast/palestinian-prisoners-potential-release-intl-cmd/index.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=CNN |language=en}} While the IDF stated on December 4 that 2,150 Palestinians had been arrested in the West Bank since the outbreak of the war, it reported 3,450 arrests in the West Bank as of December 6.{{Cite web |title=Israel's security forces report 2 killed, 29 arrested in West Bank raid |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/defense/1701681202-israel-s-security-forces-report-2-killed-29-arrested-in-west-bank-raid |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.i24news.tv}} According to HaMoked, an Israeli NGO, 2,873 Palestinians were held in administrative detention as of December 6, an all-time high.

On December 10, The Washington Post stated a pattern had emerged in which men and boys were detained by the Israeli military and then never heard from again. On December 16, the OHCHR stated it had received "numerous disturbing reports from the north of Gaza of mass detentions, ill-treatment and enforced disappearances of possibly thousands of Palestinians," including children.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-16 |title=UN Human Rights Office – OPT: Disturbing reports from the north of Gaza of mass detentions, ill-treatment and enforced disappearances of possibly thousands of Palestinians - occupied Palestinian territory {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-opt-disturbing-reports-north-gaza-mass-detentions-ill-treatment-and-enforced-disappearances-possibly-thousands-palestinians |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}} By 16 January 2024, the Palestinian Prisoners Society reported there were a total of 8,800 Palestinians in Israeli prisons.{{cite web |last1=Nobani |first1=Ayman |title=At least 8,800 Palestinians in Israeli prisons: Rights group |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/16/israels-war-on-gaza-live-at-least-132-killed-in-gaza-in-last-24-hours?update=2625001 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=17 January 2024}}

In July of 2024, there were 21,000 prisoners in Israeli jails, outreaching the maximum capacity of the system by some 6,500.{{cite web | last=Inlakesh | first=Robert | title=This is How Israel Tortures Its Palestinian Hostages | website=Palestine Chronicle | date=2024-07-02 | url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/horrifying-treatment-thisis-how-israel-tortures-its-palestinian-hostages/ | access-date=2025-06-10}} The figure did not include about 2,500 Gazans, who were mostly held in military detention facilities.{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Loveday |last2=Taha |first2=Sufian |date=2024-07-29 |title=Palestinians recount deadly abuse in Israeli prisons: ‘It is Guantánamo’ |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/07/29/palestinian-prisoners-israel-jails-abuse/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240804011644/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/07/29/palestinian-prisoners-israel-jails-abuse/ |archive-date=2024-08-04 |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=Washington Post |language=en}} Shin Bet director Ronen Bar warned that the facilities had become a "ticking time bomb": "The physical and mental living conditions may lead to acts of violence inside the jails and prisons, and some inmates are already planning acts of violence and revenge," Bar said in a letter to Netanyahu.{{cite web | title=Ben-Gvir boasts of 'abominable' Palestinian prisoner conditions | publisher=The New Arab | date=2024-07-03 | url=https://www.newarab.com/news/ben-gvir-boasts-abominable-palestinian-prisoner-conditions | access-date=2025-06-10}}

On October 23, The Independent reported that "Palestinians with permission to work in Israel were rounded up, arrested and blindfolded before being taken to military camps" following the outbreak of hostilities.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Thousands of Gazans missing in Israel as workers 'rounded up and blindfolded' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/gazan-work-permits-missing-israel-b2432631.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=The Independent |language=en}} According to Dr. Nasri Abu Jaish, Minister of Labour for the Palestinian Authority, 4,500 workers were unaccounted for, but believed to have been detained by Israeli forces, as of that date; the International Labour Organization estimated the number of missing workers at between 4,000 and 5,000. Jacobin and Muhammad Aruri, head of legal affairs for the General Union of Palestinian Workers, placed the number of detainees among this group at 4,000.

COGAT confirmed the detention of an unspecified number of Gazans, but declined to comment on the reasons for the arrests or conditions of detention.{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Miriam |date=2023-10-18 |title=For Gazan workers stranded in Israel, being apart from family is agony |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/16/israel-gaza-workers-family-war-hamas/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017001117/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/16/israel-gaza-workers-family-war-hamas/ |archive-date=2023-10-17 |issn=0190-8286}} Amnesty International confirmed that thousands of Gazan workers were detained incommunicado for at least three weeks at two military detention centres in Israel. While several thousand were released, Amnesty stated that "there is no transparency from Israeli authorities" regarding the number of Gazans still in detention. By May 2024, 1,000 workers were reported as still missing.{{cite web |title=Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #161 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-161 |website=ReliefWeb |date=May 3, 2024 |publisher=UNOCHA |access-date=6 May 2024}}

Time reported on November 20, 2023 that the total number of Gazans who have been detained by Israeli forces in recent weeks remained unclear.{{cite news |title=Gaza-Based Poet Mosab Abu Toha Was Worried About Becoming Another Statistic in the News. Now He's Among Palestinians Israel's Arrested |publisher=Time |url=https://time.com/6338183/palestinian-poet-mosab-abu-toha-arrested-gaza-israel/}} Haaretz reported on January 3, 2024 that 661 Gazan Palestinians were detained in Israeli jails, representing a 150% increase from the previous month; this number does not include Gazans detained at military facilities.{{Cite news |title=Number of Gazans Detained in Israel Jumps by 150% in a Month; Witness: Soldiers Abuse Detainees in Military Facility |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-03/ty-article/.premium/number-of-gazans-detained-in-israel-jumps-150-witness-soldiers-abuse-detainees/0000018c-ca0b-d6c4-ab8d-ebbf60380000 |access-date=2024-01-04}}

On November 19, 200 Palestinian men from Gaza were detained by Israel Defense Forces while attempting to evacuate with their families in a southerly direction within the Gaza Strip. The detentions came to light due to the detention of Mosab Abu Toha among the men. The Israeli military detained the men at a checkpoint as they attempted to leave the north of Gaza for the south.{{cite news |last=Borger |first=Julian |author-link=Julian Borger |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Palestinian poet Mosab Abu Toha arrested by Israelis in Gaza, family says |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/20/palestinian-poet-mosab-abu-toha-arrested-by-israelis-in-gaza-family-says |access-date=November 20, 2023}}

According to the head of the Palestinian Prisoners' Association, 153 women have been arrested in Gaza since the outbreak of the war, including pregnant women and women detained with their babies.{{Cite news |title=Israel Detained 153 Gazan Women, Some With Their Babies, Says Palestinian Prisoners' Club Head |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-12/ty-article/.premium/israel-detained-153-gazan-women-some-with-babies-says-palestinian-prisoners-club-head/0000018c-5d37-d03f-af9f-7d772cdf0000 |access-date=2023-12-16}} The Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs stated women from Gaza had been subjected to torture and abuse.{{cite web |title=Palestinian Commission of Detainees Affairs says female prisoners from Gaza tortured |url=https://aje.io/s017rg?update=2563258 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Al Jazeera}} On December 25, footage emerged showing hundreds of detained men and boys stripped to their underwear and held in a stadium.{{cite web |title=Video shows hundreds of detained Palestinians in Gaza stadium |url=https://aje.io/fm3fq7?update=2579167 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=26 December 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Yee |first1=Vivian |last2=Lajka |first2=Arijeta |last3=Koettl |first3=Christoph |title=Another video shows Gazan detainees stripped to their underwear. |work=The New York Times |date=December 26, 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/27/world/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news/israel-gaza-detainees-stripped-underwear?smid=url-share |access-date=27 December 2023}}

On 1 February 2024, Haaretz reported that Israel had detained an 82-year-old grandmother with Alzheimers for two months as an "unlawful combatant" and only released her after an appeal.{{cite news |last1=Hass |first1=Amira |title=Israel Held 82-year-old Gaza Woman With Alzheimer's for Two Months as an 'Unlawful Combatant' |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-02-01/ty-article/.premium/israel-held-gaza-woman-82-with-alzheimers-for-two-months-as-an-unlawful-combatant/0000018d-613a-de6e-a79f-73bbc94d0000# |website=Haaretz |date=February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024}} On 6 February, dozens were arrested in Gaza City, including children.{{cite web |title=Israel arrests dozens of Palestinians west of Gaza City |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-staggering-destruction-in-north-gaza-unrwa?update=2682073 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=7 February 2024}} On 9 February, the Council on American-Islamic Relations demanded the release of two U.S. citizen brothers detained in Gaza, leading National Security Council spokesman John Kirby to state the US would speak to Israel.{{cite web |title=Muslim-American group demands whereabouts of abducted Americans |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2694437 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=11 February 2024}}

On 15 November 2023, reports emerged alleging detentions by Israeli forces at Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza.{{Cite web |title='Horror and bullets': Israeli forces storm al-Shifa hospital where thousands seeking refuge |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-shifa-hospital-stormed-civilians-trapped |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}{{Cite web |author=Al Jazeera Staff |title='Terror' amid Israel's raid on Gaza's al-Shifa Hospital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/15/terror-witnesses-recount-israels-raid-inside-gazas-al-shifa-hospital |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2023-11-18 |title=Hundreds leave Al-Shifa hospital in Gaza as Israeli forces take control of facility - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-hamas-war-al-shifa-hospital-patients-staff-displaced-people-leave/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}} Doctors who spoke to Al Jazeera Arabic, one of the few international outlets able to access sources within the hospital, stated that the detainees were blindfolded and stripped naked. Mondoweiss cited Al Jazeera reports that "Israeli forces took captive dozens of displaced people, relatives of patients and the injured", and that the detainees were transferred to undisclosed locations.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title='Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' Day 40: Israeli forces storm Al-Shifa Hospital, strip-naked and arrest people inside |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2023/11/operation-al-aqsa-flood-day-40-israeli-forces-storm-al-shifa-hospital-strip-naked-and-arrest-people-inside/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Mondoweiss |language=en-US}} China Daily, a Chinese state-run media outlet, reported on similar statements by the hospital's director, Mohammed Abu Salmiya, who referred to "dozens" of detentions at the hospital.{{Cite web |last=杜娟 |title=Israeli army raids Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital despite intl calls for cease-fire |url=https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202311/16/WS65556dd2a31090682a5ee67a.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=global.chinadaily.com.cn}} On 23 November, Abu Salmiya was himself arrested by Israeli forces, along with other medics.{{Cite web |title=Israeli army arrests al-Shifa Hospital director, other doctors in Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/23/al-shifa-hospital-director-arrested-by-israeli-army-in-gaza |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=2023-11-23 |title=Israel arrests Gaza hospital director and bombs 300 targets amid truce delay |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/23/israels-army-arrests-gaza-hospital-director-and-bombs-300-targets-amid-truce-delay |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0261-3077}} As of 4 December 2023, the fate of Abu Salmiya remained unknown; Israeli authorities declined to answer questions by The Jerusalem Post, but "hinted" that he remained in Shin Bet custody.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Fate of Shifa Hospital chief arrested by Israel unclear |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-776570 |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}} He had not been charged with an offence.

On 30 November 2023, the Palestine Red Crescent Society stated that the whereabouts of the head of Khan Younis Emergency Medical Center had been unknown for nine days, following his arrest by Israeli authorities.{{cite web |title=PRCS demands Israeli authorities release medical staff |url=https://aje.io/ba1mme?update=2524444 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=1 December 2023}}{{cite web |title=PRCS says it is 'deeply worried' for detained paramedic |url=https://aje.io/lej1ua?update=2543914 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=9 December 2023}} On December 3, the Gaza Health Ministry stated that 34 medics in Gaza had been detained by Israel.{{cite web |title='Hospitals are helpless': 34 medics detained by Israel |url=https://aje.io/h1s5og?update=2531375 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=3 December 2023}} On 12 December 2023, the World Health Organization reported on the mass detentions of medical staff.{{cite web |title=WHO calls for protection of humanitarian space in Gaza following serious incidents in high-risk mission to transfer patients, deliver health supplies |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/12-12-2023-who-calls-for-protection-of-humanitarian-space-in-gaza-following-serious-incidents-in-high-risk-mission-to-transfer-patients--deliver-health-supplies |website=World Health Organization |access-date=13 December 2023}} Adnan al-Bursh, the head of orthopedics at al-Shifa was arrested with two nurses.{{cite web |title=Al-Shifa Hospital doctor arrested by Israel |url=https://aje.io/unfg1h?update=2567758 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=20 December 2023}} On December 13, the British-organization Medical Aid for Palestinians stated 70 medics at the Kamal Adwan Hospital had been detained by the IDF.{{cite web |title=Gaza war: Alarm over Israel's detention of 70 medics at Kamal Adwan hospital |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/gaza-alarm-over-israels-detention-70-medics-hospital |website=The New Arab |date=December 13, 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023}} On December 19, the Gaza Health Ministry stated that Israel was holding 93 healthcare workers "in inhumane conditions, under interrogation [and] under torture, starvation and extreme cold."{{Cite news |date=2023-12-19 |title=Israel-Gaza war live updates: Houthis pledge to continue Red Sea ship attacks; hostage talks resume |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/19/israel-gaza-war-hamas-news-updates/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}} On 28 January 2024, the head of head of orthopedic surgery at Nasser Hospital was arrested.{{cite web |title=Head of orthopaedic surgery at Nasser Hospital seized by Israeli forces: Reports |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-hospital-blackout-amid-khan-younis-assault?update=2652079 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=28 January 2024}}

One paramedic arrested in Jabalia stated he and his colleagues were beaten in their sensitive areas, heads, and backs, and had rocks thrown at them.{{cite web |title='We were all beaten in sensitive areas': Red Crescent member recounts arrest |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/29/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-kills-at-least-20-in-attack-on-rafah?update=2585817 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=29 December 2023}} A group of ten healthcare workers described being tortured in detention.{{cite web |title=Monitor describes 'torture' of Palestinian medics in Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/29/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-kills-at-least-20-in-attack-on-rafah?update=2586469 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=30 December 2023}} A doctor arrested while working at Ahli Arab Hospital in December 2023 described being shackled and blindfolded.{{cite web |last1=Masoud |first1=Bassam |title=Gaza doctor describes ordeal of detention |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-doctor-describes-ordeal-detention-2024-02-04/ |website=Reuters |access-date=5 February 2024}} On 5 February 2024, the general manager and administrative director of al-Amal Hospital were arrested.{{cite web |title=Israeli forces detain al-Amal Hospital manager, administrative director |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/5/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israeli-strikes-level-homes-in-deir-el-balah?update=2679571 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 February 2024}} On 6 February, two medical volunteers were arrested while evacuating from the al-Amal Hospital.{{cite web |title=PRCS says two medical volunteers arrested by Israeli forces |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-staggering-destruction-in-north-gaza-unrwa?update=2683730 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=7 February 2024}} Several medical workers were arrested at al-Amal on 9 February.{{cite web |title=PRCS says several workers arrested by Israeli forces at al-Amal Hospital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2695357 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 February 2024}} Eight more al-Amal hospital were arrested on 10 February.{{cite web |title=Israelis arrest Palestine Red Crescent Society staff at al-Amal Hospital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-nears-28000-as-rafah-assault-looms?update=2695687 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=11 February 2024}} On 19 February, the Red Crescent stated that twelve of its medics were continuing to be detained two weeks after Israel's raid on Al-Amal Hospital.{{cite web |title=Red Crescent says Israel continues to detain 12 of its medics |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/20/israels-war-on-gaza-live-un-fears-explosion-in-child-deaths-in-gaza?update=2721503 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 February 2024}} Citing the Health Ministry, UNOCHA reported on 20 February that 70 medical personnel had been arrested following the Nasser Hospital siege.{{cite web |title=Southern Gaza hospitals under attack; 70 staff arrested at Nasser Medical Complex |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/20/israels-war-on-gaza-live-un-fears-explosion-in-child-deaths-in-gaza?update=2719272 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 February 2024}}

On 3 March 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated 14 of its staff members were detained, with their status or whereabouts unknown.{{cite web |title=Red Crescent says 14 members still under Israeli custody |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/3/israels-war-on-gaza-live-every-minute-counts-as-hunger-kills-in-gaza?update=2745457 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 March 2024}} One staff member was released on 17 March after spending 36 days in detention.{{cite web |title=Red Crescent volunteer released after weeks of Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/17/israels-war-on-gaza-live-13-aid-trucks-reach-north-malnutrition-doubles?update=2778173 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=20 March 2024}} Seven more staff were released on 28 March after being held for 47 days.{{cite web |title=Israel releases seven members of Palestine Red Crescent after 47-day detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/28/israels-war-on-gaza-live-unarmed-palestinians-killed-buried-by-bulldozer?update=2803658 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 April 2024}} In September 2024, a Palestinian Medical Relief Society paramedic stated that during his arrest, he was stripped naked, zip-tied, blindfolded, and that Israeli soldiers put an assault rifle against his head, doused him in gasoline, and threatened to set him on fire.{{cite web |last1=Ansari |first1=Milena |title=A Palestinian Paramedic’s Ordeal in Israeli Detention |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/08/26/palestinian-paramedics-ordeal-israeli-detention |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=15 September 2024}}

On 3 May 2024, it was announced that Dr. Adnan Al-Bursh had died on 19 April 2024 while in Israeli captivity. Further details on his cause of death have not yet been given, but dozens of fellow detainees attest to the systematic torture of the doctor, and say it led to his death. In October 2024, staff at the Kamal Adwan Hospital stated that more than 30 medical personnel had been detained by the Israeli army during a raid, including the hospital's head of nursing, an employee of the American medical organization MedGlobal.{{cite web |last1=Debre |first1=Isabel |last2=Frankel |first2=Julia |last3=Keath |first3=Lee |title=Still wrecked from past Israeli raids, hospitals in northern Gaza come under attack again |url=https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000 |website=Associated Press |access-date=5 November 2024}}

On December 7, widely-circulated video and images showed dozens of Palestinian men and boys in Northern Gaza blindfolded, stripped partially naked, and kneeling on the ground, guarded by Israeli soldiers. Soon after the images began to surface on social media, Israeli authorities and Israeli media (initially without citing any source) described the mass arrest as the surrender of 150 Hamas militants by the Israeli Defence Forces and Shin Bet. However, analysis of the video by Al Jazeera's verification unit concluded that the purported "surrender" had been staged, noting discrepancies between different "takes" of the footage. BBC Verify also suggested the scene "performed for the camera, rather than as an act of authentic surrender". It pointed out that the detainees had already been stripped of their clothes, were held at gunpoint, and were given directions from soldiers off-camera, and that it was unclear if they were surrendering weapons or merely moving them around at the instructions of IDF. The BBC further noted that it is unclear whether the individuals depicted have any involvement with Hamas or the October 7 attack. Finally, the BBC opined that Benjamin Netanyahu is keen to portray the IDF as defeating Hamas. The IDF did not directly respond to the BBC's questions about the circumstances surrounding the footage. Hamas denied allegations that dozens of its members had surrendered, referring to these reports as "false and baseless".{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Live: Hamas denies dozens of militants have surrendered to Israeli military |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-11/israel-gaza-war-live-blog-updates-december-11/103212202 |access-date=2023-12-11}} Haaretz reported that approximately 10-15% of the men were affiliated with armed groups according to security officials, who stated that this was "not a mass surrender of entire units of Hamas".{{Cite news |title=Israel-Hamas War Day 65 {{!}} Israeli Army Kills Hamas Commander in Gaza; Syria: Israel Struck Near Damascus |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-10/ty-article-live/israels-ground-offensive-in-gaza-deepens-as-arab-eu-leaders-push-for-a-cease-fire/0000018c-5187-df2f-adac-ffaf03700000#1308272871 |access-date=2023-12-18}}

Several of the detainees are civilians with no known affiliation with any armed group, including a journalist.{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |date=2023-12-08 |title=Footage shows IDF parading scores of Palestinian men around in underwear |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/08/footage-idf-israel-military-parading-palestinian-men-around-in-underwear |access-date=2023-12-11 |issn=0261-3077}} In a statement on December 7, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor (a Geneva-based NGO) referred to "reports that Israeli forces launched random and arbitrary arrest campaigns against displaced people, including doctors, academics, journalists, and elderly men" sheltering in UNRWA schools.{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Israel arrests, abuses dozens of Palestinian civilians at UNRWA-run schools in northern Gaza |url=https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6012/Israel-arrests,-abuses-dozens-of-Palestinian-civilians-at-UNRWA-run-schools-in-northern-Gaza |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor |language=en-US}} IDF spokesperson Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari stated: "We arrest everyone" for interrogation. Al Jazeera reported on December 8 that some of the detained men had been released.{{Cite web |last1=Pietromarchi |first1=Virginia |last2=Adler |first2=Nils |last3=Mohamed |first3=Edna |title='Dozens killed' in Israeli air strike near hospital in southern Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/8/israel-hamas-war-live-palestinians-demand-end-to-israels-gaza-onslaught |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} However The New York Times reported that, according to family members and local rights groups, some of the men had not been seen since their detention.

According to relatives, two of the detainees were 13- and 72-years-old respectively, and thus not of fighting age.

A former legal adviser to the U.S. State Department described the treatment of the detainees as seemingly inconsistent with international law, and referred to Israel's presumption that military-aged men are fighters as "troubling". The International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern about the images, emphasizing "the importance of treating all those detained with humanity and dignity" under international law. Muhammed Shehada, communications chief at Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, told Al Jazeera that the images and videos could only have been taken by Israeli soldiers or media embedded with them, as no Palestinian photographers remain in the area. A spokesperson for the U.S. State Department called the images "disturbing."{{cite web |title=US calls footage of Palestinian men in Israeli custody 'disturbing' |url=https://aje.io/2hwa2q?update=2549980 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=12 December 2023}}

Men and boys released on December 9 reported the IDF had beaten them, given them only minimal water, prevented them from using the toilet, and forced them to sleep on raw rice.{{cite web |title=Men and Boys in Gaza Say They Were Beaten by Israeli Troops |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-12-09-2023-e06fcf11a1e2fb864909418eab127116# |website=Associated Press |date=December 9, 2023 |access-date=10 December 2023}} One fourteen-year-old boy stated he was stripped and beaten, and that female Israeli soldiers had spat on him and the other detainees.{{cite web |last1=Alsaafin |first1=Linah |last2=Humaid |first2=Maram |title='Like we were lesser humans': Gaza boys, men recall Israeli arrest, torture |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/12/12/like-we-were-lesser-humans-gaza-boys-men-recall-israeli-arrests-torture |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=12 December 2023}}

Al-Araby Al-Jadeed reporter Diaa al-Kahlout, who was arrested during the 7 December mass arrest, was released on 9 January.{{cite web |title=Israel releases Palestinian journalist after weeks in captivity |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/9/israel-war-on-gaza-blinken-arrives-in-israel-as-fighting-continues?update=2606280 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 January 2024}} Al-Kahlout stated, "We were sitting in a situation of torture".{{cite web |title=Palestinian journalist describes 'arduous' weeks in Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/10/israels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire?update=2608305 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=11 January 2024}}

The Israeli media outlet Ynet reported on a mass detention which it described as the surrender of dozens of suspected Hamas militants to Israeli forces in Jabaliya on December 10. Following their arrest, the men were stripped naked, blindfolded, handcuffed, and detained.{{Cite news |last=חדשות |date=2023-12-10 |title=הלחימה ברצועת עזה: עשרות חשודים נוספים נכנעו בג'באליה |language=he |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rjxcejqlt |access-date=2023-12-10}}

On 6 March, Israeli forces operating in Khan Younis stated they had conducted sweeping raids in a residential tower and arrested some 250 people.{{cite web |last1=Mahmoud |first1=Hani |title=Israeli military carries out mass arrest campaign in Khan Younis |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/8/israels-war-on-gaza-live-60000-pregnant-women-face-malnutrition-in-gaza?update=2757737 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 March 2024}} Israel stated these individuals were "operatives" and that they had additionally seized weapons during the raid.{{cite web |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |title=IDF says troops captured 250 Hamas, Islamic Jihad operatives during raid in Khan Younis residential complex |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-troops-captured-250-hamas-islamic-jihad-operatives-during-raid-in-khan-younis-residential-complex/ |website=Times of Israel |access-date=10 March 2024}}

During the Siege of Jabalia, Israel conducted mass arrests of Palestinian men.{{cite web |last1=Da Silva |first1=Chantal |title=Children killed, men detained, families fleeing: Scenes of devastation in Israel's assault on northern Gaza |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/harrowing-images-emerge-northern-gaza-un-warns-non-stop-israeli-strike-rcna176360 |website=NBC News |access-date=24 October 2024}}

The International Committee of the Red Cross expressed "high concern" regarding "the sharp increase in [the] number of arrests" in the occupied West Bank since October 7.{{Cite journal |date=2023-10-31 |title=Israel and the Occupied Territories: Rising violence in the West Bank may have irreversible consequences for communities |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/rising-violence-west-bank-may-have-irreversible-consequences-communities |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=International Committee of the Red Cross}} Amnesty International has also criticized the "spike in arbitrary arrests" of Palestinians since October 7. Similarly, The Wall Street Journal reported that the rate of arrests in the occupied West Bank has "more than doubled" since that date.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Ahed Tamimi: Palestinian activist detained in West Bank crackdown |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231106-ahed-tamimi-palestinian-activist-detained-in-west-bank-crackdown |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=France 24 |language=en}}

On October 17, Al Jazeera reported that nearly 700 people had been arrested in the West Bank and occupied East Jerusalem since the outbreak of the war. By October 28, this number had climbed to 1,550, according to estimates by the Palestinian Prisoners Society. The Globe and Mail reported that Israel had advised the Palestinian Authority of the existence of 1,700 prisoners, but not their whereabouts, as of October 31. On November 6, Al Jazeera reported that 1,740 individuals had been arrested in overnight raids since the outbreak of the war; BBC reported the total number of arrestees at 2,150, according to the Palestinian Prisoners Society.{{Cite web |title=Israel arrests Palestinian activist Ahed Tamimi in occupied West Bank raids |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/6/ahed-tamimi-palestinian-activist-arrested-for-inciting |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=2023-11-06 |title=Ahed Tamimi: Israeli forces arrest Palestinian activist in West Bank |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67331945 |access-date=2023-11-06}} The Associated Press placed the number at 2,280 on November 8, citing the Palestinian Prisoners Society; on November 10, The Nation reported that the number was "at least 2,200".{{Cite web |last=Frankel |first=Julia |date=2023-11-08 |title=The family of a Palestinian activist jailed for incitement says young woman's account was hacked |url=https://apnews.com/article/palestinians-israel-ahed-tamimi-west-bank-raids-8833619f1924676a9b7dbd053b2fa3ba |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Nimer |first=Fathi |date=2023-11-10 |title=The West Bank Is the Unseen Second Front of Israel's War on Gaza |language=en-US |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/world/second-front-of-israel-war-west-bank/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |issn=0027-8378}}

By November 8, the number of Palestinians held without charge or trial had increased from 1,319 to 2,070 since October 7, according to HaMoked. On November 15, Mondoweiss reported that arrests in the West Bank continued, with 54 Palestinians arrested the previous night in overnight raids. On November 28, the IDF told The Times of Israel that approximately 2,000 West Bank Palestinians had been arrested, while Palestinian monitoring groups reported 3,290 arrests.{{Cite web |last=Tahhan |first=Zena Al |title=Israel arrests almost as many Palestinians as it has released during truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/28/arrests |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} On December 3, the Palestinian Prisoners Society reported 3,480 arrests, while the IDF reported 2,150 as of December 4 and 3,450 as of December 6.

Al Jazeera reported that, as of January 10, 2024, nearly 6,000 Palestinians had been arrested in the West Bank since October 7, 2023.{{Cite web |last=Shawer |first=Mosab |title='Threatened with rape': Lama Khater recalls horrors while in Israeli jails |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/1/10/threatened-with-rape-lama-khater-recalls-horrors-while-in-israeli-jails |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} An estimated 3,000 were being held under administrative detention.{{cite web |last1=Jamjoom |first1=Mohammed |title=Palestinians continue to be held under 'administrative detention' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/22/israels-war-on-gaza-live-bombing-all-around-hospital-in-khan-younis?update=2639020 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=23 January 2024}}

Detainees arrested in Deir Abu Mash'al, described the experience of being arrested by Israeli forces, stating that soldiers went door to door arresting people, blindfolding them, tying their hands, and taking them to an open building for interrogation.{{cite web |title=Detainee recounts 'barbaric' arrests in Deir Abu Mesha'al |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/29/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-kills-at-least-20-in-attack-on-rafah?update=2585977 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=29 December 2023}} Family members of detainees stated the Israeli army was unjustly arresting and interrogating people.{{cite web |title=Prisoners' families allege unjust arrests and interrogated by Israeli army |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/25/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-kills-9-in-un-shelter-sparking-outrage?update=2647034 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=26 January 2024}}

Two directors and an employee from The Freedom Theatre were arrested by the IDF, with one stating, "They treated us like animals. They are trying to hurt us in anyway they can."{{Cite tweet |user=freedom_theatre |number=1735351019293298779 |title="They treated us like animals. They are trying to hurt us in anyway they can, but its important we stay strong" - Ahmed Tobasi }} One director, Mostafa Sheta, remained in custody and was believed to be held in the Megiddo military prison in northern Israel.{{cite web |last1=Morales |first1=Mauricio |title='No safe place': Jenin's Freedom Theatre raided, daubed with Star of David |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/12/20/no-safe-place-jenins-freedom-theatre-raided-daubed-with-star-of-david |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 December 2023}} The Royal Court Theatre responded to the reports by demanding for the release of the men.{{cite web |title=Israeli soldiers treating men arrested from theatre like 'animals' |url=https://aje.io/g01q5f?update=2558464 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=14 December 2023}} On 22 February 2024, a spokesperson for Birzeit University stated that Israeli forces had detained the undergraduate student council president, with more than sixty students arrested since 7 October.{{cite web |last1=Nobani |first1=Ayman |title=Israeli forces arrest Birzeit University student leaders |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/22/israels-war-on-gaza-live-gaza-has-become-a-death-zone-says-who-chief?update=2726769 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=23 February 2024}} In March 2024, verified footage showed Israeli soldiers arresting a group of Palestinians, tying them up with rope, and dragging them.{{cite web |title=Israeli soldiers tie up and drag Palestinians after occupied West Bank raid |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2765934 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=14 March 2024}} In July 2024, PEN International condemned the detention of the president of PEN Palestine Hanan Awwad in East Jerusalem.{{cite web |title=Writer and President of PEN Palestine held at gunpoint by Israeli soldiers |url=https://www.pen-international.org/news/writer-and-president-of-pen-palestine-held-at-gunpoint-by-israeli-soldiers |website=PEN International |access-date=26 July 2024}}

In August 2024, Palestinian families in the West Bank reported hundreds of people were missing, with the Israeli military giving conflicting reports of their condition and whereabouts.{{cite web |title=Hundreds of Palestinians missing in the occupied west bank, families search desperately |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVfxQ1ZgQ0w |website=YouTube |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=24 August 2024}}

CNN reported that dozens of Palestinian residents and citizens were arrested for "expressions of solidarity" with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing Quran verses, or expressing "any support for the Palestinian people".{{Cite web |last1=Kottasová |first1=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=CNN |language=en}} Haaretz described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces.{{Cite news |title='Systematic Witch Hunt:' What Persecution of Arab-Israelis Looks Like Amid Gaza War |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-02/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/systematic-witch-hunt-what-persecution-of-israeli-arabs-looks-like-amid-gaza-war/0000018b-90db-db7e-af9b-fbdb254e0000 |access-date=2023-11-07}} Rights groups have criticized what they describe as Israel's crackdown on internal dissent.{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Loveday |date=2023-11-12 |title=Israel's free speech crackdown: 'War inside of a war' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/12/israel-free-speech-arrests-hamas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212011551/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/12/israel-free-speech-arrests-hamas/ |archive-date=2023-12-12 |access-date=2023-12-12 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} The Israel Police announced that since the beginning of the war, as of October 25, they have detained 110 individuals for allegedly promoting violence and terrorism, primarily through social medial; of these, CNN reported that "only 17 resulted in indictments. Most people were released without further charges, usually after a few days." Abeer Baker, a human rights lawyer representing some of the arrestees, commented that the low number of charges indicated that many of the arrests were for lawful statements. Citing an "emergency coalition" of Israeli lawyers, Al Jazeera placed the number of arrestees at 172 on November 7.{{Cite web |last1=Alsaafin |first1=Linah |last2=Al Taahan |first2=Zena |title=One month of Israel's war: What's happening to Palestinians outside Gaza? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/7/one-month-of-israels-war-whats-happening-to-palestinians-outside-gaza |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} Referring to "hundreds" of interrogations, El País reported on November 11 that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a "potential fifth column".{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |trans-title=Israel increases siege on its Arab minority |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=El País |language=es}} As of November 30, 270 Arab–Israelis had been arrested, according to Adalah (an Israeli NGO).{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Wartime Israel shows little tolerance for Palestinian dissent |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-palestinian-citizens-dissent-b0a85e866c8a2ee9235ed4452d3185a7 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}

The Guardian and Al Jazeera reported on November 3 that 3,200 Gazan workers had been deported back to Gaza.{{Cite web |title=Israel pushes thousands of detained cross-border workers into war-torn Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/thousands-of-workers-sent-back-from-israel-occupied-west-bank-to-gaza |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} The fate of other Gaza residents working in Israel remains unknown, as Israeli authorities have declined to respond to questions posed by NGOs. El País reports that 1,000 arrested Gazan workers remained missing as of November 27.{{Cite web |last=Deiros Bronte |first=Trinidad |date=2023-11-27 |title=Israel arrests and expels Gazan patients seeking treatment in the West Bank |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-11-27/israel-arrests-and-expels-gazan-patients-seeking-treatment-in-the-west-bank.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}} Multiple human rights organizations warned that prisoners' rights and conditions of detention had deteriorated drastically in Israeli prisons following the October 7 attack by Hamas.{{cite web |last1=Bashtu |first1=Brishti |title=Palestinians in Israeli prisons face dwindling rights, escalating violence, say human rights groups |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/palestinians-prison-rights-violence-1.7043182 |website=CBC |access-date=10 December 2023}} Fast-tracked legislation placed Palestinian detainees under "state of emergency" status, which further restricted their rights.{{cite web |title=Palestinian prisoners accuse Israeli prison system of abuses |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/5/israel-war-on-gaza-live-israel-attacks-bombard-khan-younis-rafah?update=2598602 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=5 January 2024}}

Human rights organizations in Israel have undertaken efforts to secure the release of Palestinian detainees. On October 22, six organizations (HaMoked, Gisha, the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel, Physicians for Human Rights–Israel, Adalah, and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel) petitioned the High Court for a habeas corpus injunction. The petition asked the High Court to order the disclosure of all names and whereabouts of Gaza residents held in Israeli detention facilities, and the release of any person unlawfully detained. The six groups requested that those released be permitted to remain in the West Bank until they are able to return to Gaza.

According to Adalah, the petitioning organizations stated:

{{Blockquote|text=To date [i.e., October 24], the Israeli authorities have refused to provide any information about Gaza workers and other residents of the Strip who are apparently being held in detention centers, why or where they are being detained, under what law and for how long.}}

Along with the High Court petition, Physicians for Human Rights–Israel reported on October 26 that it had contacted "several [international] bodies", including the International Committee of the Red Cross, urging them to "pressure the IPS [Israel Prison Service] and other Israeli security bodies to adhere to the law" in relation to the rights of detainees.{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-02 |title=Following the Abuse of Palestinian Prisoners by the Israeli Security Service, we Turned to International Authorities |url=https://www.phr.org.il/en/abuse-of-palestinian-prisoners/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=רופאים לזכויות אדם (Physicians for Human Rights - Israel) |language=en-US}}

On November 3, the United Nations Human Rights Office stated that two Palestinians arrested since October 7 had died in Israeli custody. According to Israeli authorities, four Palestinians had died in custody as of November 8. By November 21, the total number of deaths in custody had reached six.{{Cite news |last=Zraick |first=Karen |date=2023-11-21 |title=Who are the Palestinian prisoners who could be released in a hostage deal? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/21/world/hamas-prisoners-hostage-deal.html |access-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122011840/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/21/world/hamas-prisoners-hostage-deal.html |archive-date=2023-11-22 |issn=0362-4331}} According to the United Nations Human Rights Office, this rate of deaths in Israeli custody has not been seen "in decades".

After reaching the 2023 Gaza war ceasefire on November 22, Israel compiled a list of 300 Palestinian prisoners who could be released from custody; Al Jazeera reports that this list only includes individuals arrested prior to October 7.{{Cite news |date=2023-11-24 |title=Israel releases 39 Palestinian prisoners from Israeli prisons |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67522703 |access-date=2023-11-25}}{{Cite web |title=Who are the Palestinian prisoners Israel released on Friday? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/who-were-the-palestinian-prisoners-israel-released-on-friday |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} However, the Times of Israel reports that 50 Palestinian prisoners were added to the list on November 27, including 25 Arab-Israelis, "almost all" of whom were arrested since October 7.{{Cite web |last=Sharon |first=Jeremy |date=2023-11-28 |title=Arab Israeli prisoners on list of candidates for release in Hamas hostage deal |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-israeli-prisoners-on-list-of-candidates-for-release-in-hamas-hostage-deal/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The Times of Israel}} While 240 Palestinians were released during the seven-day truce, Israel arrested 260 others during the same timespan, according to the Palestinian Prisoners Society.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Generation after generation, Israeli prison marks a rite of passage for Palestinian boys |url=https://apnews.com/article/palestinian-boys-prison-west-bank-israel-war-d0f73d0a1581749894ffc0e078b4b160 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=AP News |language=en}}

Israel's arrests included Palestinian-Americans, such as one thirteen-year-old boy held in Ofer Prison who was reportedly pressured by the Israeli army to confess to throwing stones.{{cite web |title=US Muslim group urges probe into Israeli detention of Palestinian-American child |url=https://aje.io/5ustgx?update=2574932 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=23 December 2023}} Palestinian prisoners held under administrative detention can be held for months or even years without ever facing any charges.{{cite web |title=At least 85 Palestinians detained in latest West Bank raids |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/17/israels-war-on-gaza-live-brutality-of-gaza-crisis-unprecedented-un?update=2626749 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=18 January 2024}}

{{Broader|Israeli torture in the occupied territories}}

{{main|Torture during the Gaza war}}

On November 8, Amnesty International reported on cases of torture and degrading treatment by Israeli authorities, which it described as "horrifying", "gruesome", and "a particularly chilling public display of torture and humiliation of Palestinian detainees." In relation to the recent spike in detentions, Amnesty's Secretary General, Agnès Callamard, noted that "arbitrary detention and torture and other ill-treatment are war crimes when committed against protected persons in an occupied territory."{{Cite web |date=2023-11-22 |title=Israel/ OPT: Deal to release hostages and prisoners must pave way for further releases and a sustained ceasefire |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-deal-to-release-hostages-and-prisoners-must-pave-way-for-further-releases-and-a-sustained-ceasefire/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}

On December 3, the United Nations Human Rights Office in the occupied Palestinian territories called for an investigation into allegations of torture.{{Cite news |date=2023-12-01 |title=UN rights office 'seriously concerned' about Israel's increased arrest of Palestinians |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-rights-office-seriously-concerned-about-israels-increased-arrest-palestinians-2023-12-01/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202024840/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-rights-office-seriously-concerned-about-israels-increased-arrest-palestinians-2023-12-01/ |archive-date=2023-12-02}} In a statement, the Office said: "The massive rise in number of Palestinians arrested and detained, the number of reports of ill-treatment and humiliation suffered by those in custody, and the reported failure to adhere to basic due process raise serious questions about Israel's compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law." On 19 January, the Human Rights Office stated they had interviewed detainees who "described being beaten, humiliated, subjected to ill-treatment, and to what may amount to torture... consistent with reports our Office has been gathering of the detention of Palestinians on a broad scale."{{cite web |title=UN official describes meeting released Palestinian detainees on Gaza trip |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-support-for-israel-ironclad-despite-rebuff?update=2634797 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=20 January 2024}} In March 2024, a UNRWA report reported "countless" instances of torture documented in Israeli prisons, including beatings and sexual assault.{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |title=Palestinians 'beaten and sexually assaulted' at Israeli detention centres, UN report claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/05/gazan-detainees-beaten-and-sexually-assaulted-at-israeli-detention-centres-un-report-claims |website=The Guardian |date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Speakman Cordall |first1=Simon |last2=Pedrosa |first2=Veronica |title=Not just the UNRWA report: Countless accounts of Israeli torture in Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/13/after-the-unrwa-report-more-accounts-of-israels-torture-in-gaza |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=16 March 2024}}

The Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI) stated that there was a "lot of evidence of cases of violence and cruel and humiliating treatment by prison guards", and called for an investigation into the deaths of detainees in Israeli custody.{{cite web |title=Israeli rights group says evidence of violence against Palestinian prisoners increasing |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/1/israel-hamas-war-live-new-year-in-gaza-under-non-stop-israeli-bombardment?update=2591941 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}} PCATI stated they had documented nine clear instances of torture, including sexual violence.{{cite web |title=Rights advocates denounce 'systemic abuse' in Israeli prisons |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240316-rights-advocates-denounce-systemic-abuse-in-israeli-prisons |website=France24 |date=March 16, 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}} On January 3, 2024, Human Rights Watch reported that Palestinian workers from Gaza detained in Israel since October 7 had been photographed naked, attacked by dogs, and dragged faced down in the gravel.{{cite web |title=Israel: Gaza Workers Held Incommunicado for Weeks |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/03/israel-gaza-workers-held-incommunicado-weeks |website=Human Rights Watch |date=January 3, 2024 |access-date=4 January 2024}} In a report on allegations of torture in Israeli prisons, Euro-Med Monitor stated prisoners were being treated like animals.{{cite web |title=In Israeli army camps, Gazan detainees subjected to torture and degrading treatment |url=https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6082/In-Israeli-army-camps,-Gazan-detainees-subjected-to-torture-and-degrading-treatment |website=Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor |access-date=8 January 2024}} The Wall Street Journal found detainees underwent psychological and physical abuse, including beatings during interrogations.{{cite news |last1=AbdulKarim |first1=Fatima |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Sune Engel |last3=Peled |first3=Anat |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/palestinians-describe-beatings-stress-positions-other-alleged-abuses-in-israeli-detention-1129b86f#:~:text=Some%20described%20being%20forced%20to,only%20four%20hours%20a%20day. |title=Palestinians Describe Beatings, Stress Positions, Other Alleged Abuses in Israeli Detention |newspaper=WSJ |access-date=16 March 2024}} Doctors reported humiliation, beatings, and being forced to kneel for hours.{{cite news |last1=Cuddy |first1=Alice |title=Gaza medics tell BBC that Israeli troops beat and humiliated them after hospital raid |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68513408 |website=BBC |date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024}} Adalah reported, "We’re seeing really widespread and systemic use of many, many tools in order to inflict torture and ill-treatment on Palestinians".{{cite news |title=Rights advocates denounce 'systemic abuse' in Israeli prisons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/mar/16/middle-east-crisis-live-aid-ship-unloads-food-in-gaza?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-65f56ea78f08d86e4257df6c#block-65f56ea78f08d86e4257df6c |website=The Guardian | date=March 16, 2024 |access-date=20 March 2024 | last1=Sedghi | first1=Amy }}

A Defence for Children International report included the testimony of an incarcerated child who stated, "Around 18 children were severely beaten, screaming in pain. I saw police dogs attacking them, bleeding from the mouth and head."{{cite web |title=Palestinian child detained without charge attacked by Israeli military dog |url=https://www.dci-palestine.org/palestinian_child_detained_without_charge_attacked_by_israeli_military_dog |website=Defense for Children International |access-date=14 January 2024}} The United Nations human rights office reported some detainees were released wearing only diapers.{{cite news |last1=Abdulrahim |first1=Raja |title=Stripped, Beaten or Vanished: Israel's Treatment of Gaza Detainees Raises Alarm |work=The New York Times |date=January 23, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/23/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-palestinian-detainees.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare&sgrp=m-cb |access-date=31 January 2024}} Addameer reported that prisoners remained blindfolded and handcuffed during their detention and people were being killed in the military camps.{{cite web |title=Israel deliberately spread shocking images of blindfolded Palestinian prisoners: Lawyer |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/30/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israeli-forces-detain-dozens-in-un-shelter-raid?update=2661456 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=31 January 2024}} In March 2024, the UN stated that Israel had detained and tortured its employees in Gaza to extract forced confessions.{{cite web |title=UN Agency For Palestinians Says Israel Authorities Tortured Detained Staff |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/un-agency-for-palestinians-says-israel-authorities-tortured-detained-staff-e55739f8 |website=Barron's |publisher=Agence France Presse |access-date=6 March 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Diamond |first1=Jeremy |title=UN agency accuses Israel of detaining, coercing staffers into false confessions about ties to Hamas |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/04/middleeast/un-israel-confessions-allegations-intl/index.html |website=CNN |date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024}}

According to February 2024 UNRWA report, Israeli officials detained and tortured UN staff, coercing them into falsely stating that agency staff had participated in the 7 October attack.{{cite web |title=UNRWA: Israel forced staff to falsely admit role in October 7 attacks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/8/israels-war-on-gaza-live-60000-pregnant-women-face-malnutrition-in-gaza?update=2759153 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 March 2024}}{{cite web |title=UN Agency For Palestinians Says Israel Authorities Tortured Detained Staff |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/un-agency-for-palestinians-says-israel-authorities-tortured-detained-staff-e55739f8 |website=Barron's |publisher=Agence France Presse |access-date=10 March 2024}} The allegations of torture came from staff who stated they were forced to make confessions under torture and ill-treatment, including "beatings, sleep deprivation, sexual abuse and threats of sexual violence against both men and women" in Israeli detention.{{cite web |last1=Diamond |first1=Jeremy |title=UN agency accuses Israel of detaining, coercing staffers into false confessions about ties to Hamas |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/04/middleeast/un-israel-confessions-allegations-intl/index.html |website=CNN |date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=10 March 2024}} Detainees reported being stripped down to their underwear and forced completely naked.{{cite web |last1=Shotter |first1=James |last2=England |first2=Andrew |title=UN report accuses Israel of abusing Palestinian prisoners |url=https://www.ft.com/content/bee16da9-5204-4d71-beee-4556bf034fe2?shareType=nongift |website=Financial Times |access-date=18 March 2024}} The report found that UN staff were "pressured to make false statements against the Agency, including that the Agency has affiliations with Hamas and that UNRWA staff members took part in the 7 October 2023 atrocities" through beatings, waterboarding, and threats to their families.{{cite web |title=Israel coerced some agency employees to falsely admit Hamas links: UNRWA report |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2765900 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=14 March 2024}}

In a statement, the UNRWA communications director stated, "When the war comes to an end there needs to be a series of inquiries to look into all violations of human rights".{{cite web |last1=Perry |first1=Tom |last2=MacDowall |first2=Angus |last3=Mackenzie |first3=James |title=UNRWA report says Israel coerced some agency employees to falsely admit Hamas links |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/unrwa-report-says-israel-coerced-some-agency-employees-falsely-admit-hamas-links-2024-03-08/ |website=Reuters |access-date=10 March 2024}} The Israel Defense Forces stated it was investigating "complaints of inappropriate behavior".{{cite web |title=UNRWA report claims some agency employees admitted Hamas ties under Israeli coercion |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/unrwa-report-claims-some-agency-employees-admitted-hamas-ties-under-israel-coercion/ |website=Times of Israel |access-date=10 March 2024}}

In response to the report, the World Organisation Against Torture condemned Israel, stating, "Both torture and the use of any such information violates the UN Convention Against Torture".{{cite web |title=Campaign group slams alleged Israeli torture of UNRWA staff |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-is-restricting-lifesaving-aid-unrwa?update=2761605 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=13 March 2024}}

The United Nations Human Rights Office warned that detainees "are reportedly not granted due process and judicial guarantees, as required by international law".{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=Israel-Palestine crisis: 'It's the innocent civilians who are losing' {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/11/1143157 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=news.un.org |language=en}} OHCHR spokesperson Liz Throssell commented: "We have received credible and consistent reports indicating a further increase in the ill-treatment of detainees, which in many cases could amount to torture." Also on October 29, the ACRI reportedly contacted Israel's Attorney General and Police Commissioner, demanding an end to the practice of publishing "humiliating" images of Arab detainees suspected of "expressing support for terrorism". The appeal criticized infringements of the detainees' rights to "dignity, privacy, and due process", stating that the practice was "designed entirely to degrade and humiliate the detainees."{{Cite web |last=ACRI |date=2023-10-29 |title=Publishing Humiliating Images of Detainees by the Police {{!}} Association for Civil Rights in Israel |url=https://www.english.acri.org.il/post/publishing-humiliating-images-of-detainees-by-the-police |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=ACRI - english |language=en}}

On 16 January 2024, the Israeli government renewed an emergency order preventing Palestinians detained in Gaza from accessing an attorney.{{cite web |title=Israeli media: Government renews order barring Gaza detainees from seeing a lawyer |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/16/israels-war-on-gaza-live-at-least-132-killed-in-gaza-in-last-24-hours?update=2625468 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=16 January 2024}} The Defense for Children International stated that one in three juvenile detainees were being held under administrative detention, which it called a "a cruel tool" because "secret charges" could be added to their case without their lawyers knowing.{{cite web |title='1 in 3 Palestinian child prisoners are in administrative detention' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/30/israels-war-on-gaza-live-34-killed-in-gaza-amid-ceasefire-negotiations?update=2870205 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 May 2024}}

The International Committee of the Red Cross stated that it was "deeply concerned" about its inability to assess the treatment and conditions of detainees, reporting that detainees are unable to access legal counsel or contact relatives. Adalah referred to "testimony [indicating] that the holding conditions in the detention centres are extremely dire."

The Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) petitioned the Israeli High Court of Justice on October 23, seeking cancellation of the directive allowing Israeli authorities to house "security and criminal detainees on the floor in overcrowded conditions during a state of emergency." On October 29, the ACRI reported the petition had been dismissed by the High Court.{{Cite web |last=ACRI |date=2023-10-30 |title=Detaining Prisoners in Overcrowded Conditions Without Beds During a State of Emergency in Detention {{!}} Association for Civil Rights in Israel |url=https://www.english.acri.org.il/post/detaining-prisoners-in-overcrowded-conditions-without-beds-during-a-state-of-emergency-in-detention |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=ACRI - english |language=en}} The court ruled that considering the legal framework of the amendment, including its temporary nature and the balance mechanisms it establishes, especially under extraordinary national circumstances, there were no grounds for judicial intervention.{{Cite web |url=https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts/23/500/076/c01&fileName=23076500.C01&type=2 |title=Supreme Court Decision in HCJ 7650/23 |access-date=2023-12-09 |language=Hebrew}}

Speaking to the ICRC, the Commission for Detainees' Affairs alleged that prisoners and detainees were subject to bans on going outside, confiscation of belongings, reduction in food, torture and beatings, and deprivation of medical attention by Israeli authorities. On 19 January 2024, Ajith Sunghay, a UN human rights official stated, "There are reports of men who are subsequently released but only in diapers without any adequate clothing in this cold weather."{{cite web |title=UN official says Gaza detainees ill-treated and humiliated |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-us-support-for-israel-ironclad-despite-rebuff?update=2633467 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=20 January 2024}} The Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs stated on 25 January that the Negev prison was an "unbearable hell", with a prisoners going without food, water, electricity, or medical treatment.{{cite web |title=Israeli authorities turn Negev prison 'into hell' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/25/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-kills-9-in-un-shelter-sparking-outrage?update=2648476 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=26 January 2024}} The Ministry of Detainees reported on 6 February that detainees were not provided blankets or warm clothes even as temperatures dropped in the winter.{{cite web |title=Palestinian prisoners commission warns of harsh conditions in jails |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-staggering-destruction-in-north-gaza-unrwa?update=2682045 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=7 February 2024}} Physicians for Human Rights–Israel reported instances of Israeli medics refusing to treat Palestinian prisoners detained from Gaza.{{cite web |title=Israeli medics refuse to provide care to prisoners from Gaza: Human rights group |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/4/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-repeats-attacks-as-children-die-of-hunger?update=2748157 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 March 2024}} The Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs reported that conditions in the Etzion detention centre were harsh, including insufficient food or medical care.{{cite web |title=Palestinian prisoners at Israeli Etzion jail experience harsh conditions |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/7/israels-war-on-gaza-live-20-starve-to-death-in-gaza-more-feared-dead?update=2756044 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=9 March 2024}}

In May 2024, the Palestinian Prisoners Society stated that infectious skin diseases, including scabies, were spreading amongst Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails.{{cite web |title=Scabies spreading among Palestinian prisoners |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/29/israels-war-on-gaza-live-tent-cities-attacked-as-tanks-roll-into-rafah?update=2933968 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 June 2024}} In June 2024, National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir stated food reductions for Palestinian prisoners was a "deterrent measure".{{cite web |last1=Breiner |first1=Josh |title=Israel Reduces Food for Palestinian Security Prisoners, Conceals Data, Sources Say |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-26/ty-article/.premium/israel-reduces-food-for-palestinian-security-prisoners-conceals-data-sources-say/00000190-542e-de5e-abd0-ff7ee9580000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=4 July 2024}}

{{See also|Women in the 2023 Gaza war#Against women detained by Israel}}

File:OferPrison.jpg, where an unknown number of detainees are reportedly incarcerated]]

NBC News and The Times of Israel reported on several videos depicting Israeli troops (apparently IDF) "abusing bound and blindfolded Palestinian detainees";{{Cite web |last1=Abbas |first1=Mo |last2=Abdelkader |first2=Rima |last3=Radnofsky |first3=Caroline |date=2023-11-02 |title=Videos appear to show Israeli soldiers abusing bound and blindfolded Palestinian detainees |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/videos-israeli-soldiers-abuse-palestinian-detainees-rcna123214 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=NBC News |language=en}} the IDF issued a series of statements in response, condemning the abuse as "deplorable" and stating that the incident was under investigation.{{Cite web |last=Pacchiani |first=Gianluca |title=IDF soldiers film themselves abusing, humiliating West Bank Palestinians |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-soldiers-film-themselves-abusing-humiliating-west-bank-palestinians/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}} One video depicts soldiers kicking a bound man, verbally abusing him in Arabic and Hebrew, and spitting on him; another video shows Israeli soldiers brutalizing partially and completely naked Palestinian detainees. As of November 1, one soldier was dismissed from reserve service as a consequence.

Palestinian detainees have stated that they were "subjected to severe abuse and beatings" in Israeli detention,{{cite news |title=Palestinian prisoners dies in Israel's jails 2 weeks into his detention |publisher=Middle East Monitor |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231024-palestinian-prisoners-dies-in-israels-jails-2-weeks-into-his-detention/}} including during their transfer to court or the rooms for remotely attending hearings. According to Reuters, detainees reported being threatened with rape by guards. Haaretz has reported on allegations of "inhumane treatment" of prisoners and detainees at Megiddo Prison, including "several cases of harsh violence and abuse carried out by prison wardens, included guards kicking, punching, hitting their testicles, and humiliating prisoners." Snopes confirmed that detained Gazan workers were forced to wear plastic ID tags around their wrists and ankles.{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Nur |date=2023-11-06 |title=Did Israel Detain and Place Numbered ID Tags on Workers from Gaza? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/israel-numbered-tags-workers-gaza/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Snopes |language=en}}

In a written statement obtained by Al Jazeera, one of the detainees arrested on October 8 told HaMoked that he was "kept in a 'cage' without a roof, under the sun and without food, water or access to the toilet for three days." Another detainee, a cleaner in his 60s, spoke to The Independent on the condition of anonymity, describing "humiliating" treatment, including being blindfolded with his hands and feet tied, while Israeli authorities called the detainees "Hamas" and "terrorists". He described beatings and the refusal of authorities to provide medication, food, and water to detainees, including the elderly and those with diabetes.

In May 2024, CNN reported that Israeli whistleblowers reported about the conditions of Palestinians held in a converted military base in the Negev desert, along with photographs of the prisoners. In their report the whistleblowers stated the men were forced to sit upright and not allowed to move or talk, and guards were instructed to pick out "problematic" prisoners and punish them. They also alleged that the camp was set up into two parts, enclosures that held about 70 prisoners who are placed under extreme physical restraint and a field hospital were wounded prisoners were strapped to their bed, and forced to wear diapers and fed through straws.{{Cite web |last=Qiblawi |first=Tamara |date=2024-05-10 |title=Israeli whistleblowers detail horror of shadowy detention facility for Palestinians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/10/middleeast/israel-sde-teiman-detention-whistleblowers-intl-cmd/index.html |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=CNN |language=en}}

Noah Bseso, a 17-year-old prisoner released as part of the November prisoner exchange, described a "dark turn" in conditions of detention after October 7.{{Cite news |last=Hendrix |first=Steve |date=2023-12-04 |title=Young Palestinian prisoners describe harsh treatment in Israeli jails |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/04/palestinian-prisoners-released-hostages-exchange/ |access-date=2023-12-06 |issn=0190-8286}} Bseso told The Washington Post that rations had been cut: "Food was sometimes nothing more than bread, and not much of that," while water was "sometimes cut entirely." Before-and-after images released by the Palestinian Prisoners' Society went viral, showing the weight loss of a released 30-year-old man.{{cite web |title=Israel Responsible for Neglect, Death of Detainees – Palestinian Prisoners Society |url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/israel-responsible-for-neglect-death-of-detainees-palestinian-prisoners-society/ |website=The Palestine Chronicle |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=23 December 2023}}

One released man from Shuja'iyya, Gaza City reported beatings, stating that a female Israeli soldier would beat a 72-year-old man.{{cite web |title=More witness reports of detainee abuse |url=https://aje.io/53epb7?update=2577854 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=25 December 2023}} Another stated soldiers forced detainees to bark like dogs.{{cite web |title=Palestinian detainees describe horrific torture by Israeli forces |url=https://aje.io/ck8baq?update=2581739 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=27 December 2023}} Another twenty-year-old man detained in the West Bank stated that he was blindfolded, beaten, burned with a cigarette, and treated "like an animal".{{cite web |title=Arrests, beatings and humiliation but 'no clear questions' from Israeli forces |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/29/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-kills-at-least-20-in-attack-on-rafah?update=2586115 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=29 December 2023}} Three brothers detained from the Gaza Strip described similar treatment in Israel prison, stating they were beaten, stripped to their underwear, and burnt with cigarettes.{{cite web |last1=Salem |first1=Saleh |last2=Masoud |first2=Bassam |title=Gaza brothers say they were beaten, mistreated in detention |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/three-gaza-brothers-say-they-were-beaten-mistreated-israeli-detention-2023-12-29/ |website=Reuters |access-date=30 December 2023}} One released man stated, "They let dogs urinate on us and shoved sand on us. They threatened to shoot us."{{cite web |title=More accounts of abuse from Palestinians released from Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/20/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-denied-70-of-aid-to-north-gaza-says-un?update=2635341 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 January 2024}} Others described both physical and psychological torture.{{cite web |title=Palestinians recount abuse and torture in Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/20/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-denied-70-of-aid-to-north-gaza-says-un?update=2635300 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 January 2024}} Five men reported being tortured over ten hours, including being beaten and submerged in cold water.{{cite web |title=Five Palestinians arrested by Israeli forces in Jenin allege torture |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/30/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israeli-forces-detain-dozens-in-un-shelter-raid?update=2660609 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=31 January 2024}} One man stated that Palestinian prisoners were being "tortured relentlessly".{{cite web |title=Injured Gazans Say They Were Abused In Israeli Detention |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/injured-gazans-say-they-were-abused-in-israeli-detention-02cd258f# |website=Barron's |publisher=Agence France Presse |access-date=2 February 2024}} He stated the detainees had been starved for three days.{{cite web |title='Israeli soldiers didn't stop beating us, insulting us and swearing at us' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/1/israels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-in-gaza-nears-27000-66000-wounded?update=2668623 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 February 2024}}

A 70-year-old man stated he had been forced to kneel for hours and beaten by Israeli soldiers when he told them he didn't know anything about tunnels.{{cite web |title='Worst 10 days of my life': Palestinian, 70, on Israeli detention |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/1/israels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-in-gaza-nears-27000-66000-wounded?update=2668600 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 February 2024}} In February 2024, a doctor stated he had been "detained from inside the hospital and I remained in Israeli prison for 45 days under severe torture and starvation. I did not commit any crime. My weapons are my pen, notebook and stethoscope. I did not leave the hospital, I was treating children inside."{{cite web |title=Palestinian doctor talks on how he was tortured in Israeli jail |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/5/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israeli-strikes-level-homes-in-deir-el-balah?update=2679060 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 February 2024}} In April 2024, a man held for six months stated, "The amount of food we would get in prison was not enough. It was merely enough to keep us from dying".{{cite web |title='Six months felt like six years': released Palestinian prisoner |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-bombards-gaza-as-student-protests-spread?update=2862965 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=1 May 2024}}

On October 25, the ACRI appealed to the Chief Military Prosecutor and the State Prosecutor for assurances that the families of captured militants would be notified of their detention. The ACRI alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity by Hamas fighters during the October 7 invasion, and thus acknowledged a clear "legal basis to detain any Gaza Strip militant captured" in Israel since October 7 for security and investigative purposes, but noted Israel's "obligation to inform someone close to them about their arrest—both according to Israeli law and international law." The letter urged Israeli authorities to refrain from adopting the "standards of Hamas", referring to the capture of Israeli civilians.{{Cite web|url=https://01368b10-57e4-4138-acc3-01373134d221.usrfiles.com/ugd/01368b_b73ffc22b5b84dc1b0832f745775b788.pdf|title=Appeal from ACRI regarding the obligation to notify about the arrest of terrorists from Gaza held in Israel.

|date=|access-date=2023-12-09|website=|publisher=ACRI|last=|first=}}

The letter refers to Israel's Criminal Procedure Law, Article 106 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, and the 1989 High Court decision in Uda v. Commander of the IDF forces in the Judea and Samaria region.

The Globe and Mail reported on the death of two Palestinian detainees, Arafat Hamdan and Omar Daraghmeh. In the case of Hamdan, a 25-year-old house painter with diabetes and heart disease, Israeli soldiers reportedly entered his home, hooded him, and took him away. Hamdan reportedly died 48 hours later, having not received necessary medication.

On December 19, Haaretz reported hundreds of arrested Palestinians from Gaza were being held at Sde Teiman base near Be'er Sheva, in southern Israel, and that a number had died.{{cite news |last1=Shezaf |first1=Hagar |title=Hundreds of Gazans Arrested During War Held Blindfolded and Handcuffed at Israeli Base |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-18/ty-article/.premium/hundreds-of-gazans-arrested-during-war-held-blindfolded-and-handcuffed-at-israeli-base/0000018c-7ce6-de44-a9be-7df678fd0000 |access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Haaretz}}{{Cite news |last1=Fulton |first1=Adam |last2=Chao-Fong |first2=Léonie |last3=Luscombe |first3=Richard |last4=Ambrose |first4=Tom |last5=Grierson |first5=Jamie |last6=Ahmad |first6=Reged |date=2023-12-20 |title=Israel-Gaza war live: UN security council in 'intense' ceasefire debate as vote delayed again; Qatar says separate talks 'positive' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/dec/19/israel-gaza-war-live-updates-hamas-ceasefire-un-security-council-usa-veto |access-date=2023-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219194117/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/dec/19/israel-gaza-war-live-updates-hamas-ceasefire-un-security-council-usa-veto |archive-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0261-3077}} Children and the elderly are among the detainees. Haaretz reported that the detainees were blindfolded and handcuffed for most of the day. Speaking to AFP, an IDF spokesperson described the deceased detainees as "terrorists", without further elaboration, and stated their deaths were "under investigation." The IDF did not provide any information regarding the number or circumstances of deaths. On 2 January, the IDF reported the death of 23-year-old Abdul Rahman al-Bahsh who had been imprisoned since May 2023.{{cite web |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Nida |title=Families of Palestinian prisoners worried about conditions as another death reported |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/2/israel-hamas-war-live-almost-22000-palestinians-killed-by-israel-in-gaza?update=2592261 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=3 January 2024}}

It was reported in April 2024 that there had been at least eight deaths of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails since the 7 October attack, with the jails refusing to release the bodies of the deceased.{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=Chris Jeffries-HR |date=2024-04-04 |title=At least 8 Palestinian prisoners have died in Israeli jails since October 7 with rights groups… |url=https://medium.com/@chrisjeffrieshomelessromantic/at-least-8-palestinian-prisoners-have-died-in-israeli-jails-since-october-7-with-rights-groups-a1fa245696a9 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Medium |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Yumna |date=2024-02-27 |title=New reports confirm months of Israeli torture, abuse, and sexual violence against Palestinian prisoners |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2024/02/new-reports-confirm-months-of-israeli-torture-abuse-and-sexual-violence-against-palestinian-prisoners/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Mondoweiss |language=en-US}} In May 2024, Adnan al-Bursh, the head of orthopedics at Al-Shifa Hospital, died in an Israeli prison after four months in detention.{{cite web |last1=Khadder |first1=Kareem |title=Leading Gaza surgeon Adnan Al-Bursh dies in Israeli prison |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/middleeast/gaza-surgeon-adnan-al-bursh-israeli-prison-intl-hnk/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=8 May 2024}} Two Palestinian prisoners associations stated that at least eighteen Palestinians prisoners had died in Israeli custody since the start of the war. An internal investigation found Israeli soldiers had beaten two Palestinian detainees in the Sde Teiman detention camp to death.{{cite web |last1=Peleg |first1=Bar |title=Internal IDF Report Finds Two Gazans Died After Being Beaten en Route to Israeli Prison |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-05-28/ty-article/.premium/sources-idf-report-finds-two-gazans-died-after-being-beaten-en-route-to-israeli-prison/0000018f-bbbb-df3d-abbf-bffb68980000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=8 June 2024}} In June 2024, Adalah stated military orders were being used to "detain the bodies of Palestinian citizens for political purposes".{{cite web |title=Israel expanding policy of withholding Palestinian bodies to use them as bargaining chips: Adalah |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/6/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-mediators-reviewing-hamas-ceasefire-response?update=2970403 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 June 2024}} Iyad al-Rantisi, the head of Kamal Adwan Hospital's women’s section, died under Shin Bet interrogation six days after he was detained.{{cite web |last1=Shezaf |first1=Hagar |title=Israel Arrested a Senior Doctor in Gaza. Six Days Later, He Died in a Shin Bet Interrogation Facility |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-18/ty-article/.premium/israel-arrested-a-senior-doctor-in-gaza-six-days-later-he-died-in-a-shin-bet-facility/00000190-27eb-d14b-a999-27eb9aea0000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=26 June 2024}} In August 2024, the Palestinian Commission of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs stated that Wafaa Jarrar had died from serious injuries sustained while detained in Israeli prison.{{cite web |title=Palestinians Say Woman Dies Of Wounds Sustained In Israeli Detention |url=https://www.barrons.com/amp/news/palestinians-say-woman-dies-of-wounds-sustained-in-israeli-detention-31c55a4c |website=Barron's |publisher=Agence France Presse |access-date=17 August 2024}}

On October 23, 2023, Omar Daraghmeh, a Hamas official in his late 50s, from the city of Tubas in the northern West Bank, died in custody in the Israeli Megiddo Prison.{{cite news | last1=Tahhan | first1=Zena Al | title= ‘He threw up blood’: Palestinian detainees face abuse in Israeli custody | url= https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/11/1/he-threw-up-blood-palestinian-detainees-face-abuse-in-israeli-custody |access-date=28 November 2024 | work= Al Jazeera English | date= 1 November 2023 |language=en}} He had been arrested by Israeli forces along with his son in the West Bank on October 9.{{cite web |last1=Mughrabi |first1=Nidal Al |last2=Abd-Alaziz |first2=Moaz |last3=Adler |first3=Leslie |last4=McCool |first4=Grant |date=23 October 2023 |title=Hamas accuses Israel of assassinating senior member in prison |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-accuses-israel-assassinating-senior-member-prison-2023-10-23/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023221053/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-accuses-israel-assassinating-senior-member-prison-2023-10-23/ |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |publisher=Reuters}}{{cite news |title=Hamas accuses Israel of assassinating its senior member |publisher=Al Arabiya |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/24/Hamas-accuses-Israel-of-killing-one-of-its-leaders-in-prison}}{{cite news |title=Hamas accuses Israel of assassinating senior member in prison |publisher=Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-769845}} Hamas called the death of the Daraghmeh in custody an assassination and accused the prison service of torture.{{cite news |title=Hamas: Leader in West Bank Daraghmeh 'Tortured to Death' in Israeli Prison |url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/hamas-leader-in-west-bank-daraghmeh-tortured-to-death-in-israeli-prison/ |publisher=Palestine Chronicle}}

The Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners' Affairs Authority and the Palestinian Prisoners Society said in a joint statement that Daragmeh had been placed under administrative detention—detention without charge or trial—for a period of six months, based on evidence contained in a "secret file". In court sessions before the Ofer Military Court, Daraghmeh had told his lawyer, Ashraf Abu Sneineh, that he was in good health. Hundreds of Palestinians protested in Tubas in reaction to news of Daraghmeh's death.{{cite news |title=Palestinians protest in West Bank after Hamas official dies in Israeli custody |publisher=Time of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/palestinians-protest-in-west-bank-after-hamas-official-dies-in-israeli-custody/}}

In April 2025, it was announced that Walid Ahmad a teenager who had been held in the Megiddo prison for six months had died in Israeli custody, becoming the first minor to die in Israeli custody. Ahamd had been reportedly arrested in the West Bank after reportedly throwing stones at soldiers after the October 7 attacks, and had been brought to court multiple times without a trial date set or allowed contact with his lawyer. He had collapsed in a prison yard on March 23 and struck his head before dying shortly after according to eye witness accounts from fellow prisoners, who also raised claims of inaction by prison authorities.{{Cite web |last=Frankel |first=Julia |date=2025-04-01 |title=A Palestinian from the West Bank is first detainee under 18 to die in Israeli prison, officials say |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-palestinian-prisoner-teenager-dead-874271e9c7afe095310143233aec0d38 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |date=2025-04-01 |title=Palestinian teenager dies in Israeli jail after being held six months without charge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/01/palestinian-teenager-walid-ahmad-dies-in-israeli-detention-in-west-bank |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}

Ahmad's family reported that he had been a healthy teenager prior to his arrest and raised concerns that he had contracted amoebic dysentery due to reports from other prisoners, and had suffered also from scabies. It was later published that the autopsy of Ahmad also raised concerns of starvation, and severe medical neglect due to severe muscle and fat loss and the presence of colitis and scabies.{{Cite news |last=Shezaf |first=Hagar |date=April 3, 2025 |title=Autopsy of Palestinian minor detainee suggests starvation, severe medical neglect |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-04-03/ty-article/.premium/palestinian-minor-detainee-dies-in-israeli-prison-autopsy-shows-severe-medical-neglect/00000195-fb95-d101-a7bd-fbbfed960000 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250403184246/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-04-03/ty-article/.premium/palestinian-minor-detainee-dies-in-israeli-prison-autopsy-shows-severe-medical-neglect/00000195-fb95-d101-a7bd-fbbfed960000 |archive-date=2025-04-03 |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=Haaretz.com |language=en}}

File:Damon prison.JPG, where Ahed Tamimi was held.{{Cite web |title=OPT/Israel: Palestinian writer and activist Ahed Tamimi detained amid surge in arbitrary arrests by Israeli forces |url=https://www.pen-international.org/news/palestinian-writer-and-activist-ahed-tamimi-detained-amid-surge-in-arbitrary-arrests-by-israeli-forces |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=PEN International |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=OPT\Israel: Palestinian writer and activist Ahed Tamimi's detention extended |url=https://www.pen-international.org/news/palestinian-writer-and-activist-ahed-tamimi-detention-extended |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=PEN International |language=en-GB}} ]]

On November 6, reports emerged that Israeli authorities had arrested prominent Palestinian activist Ahed Tamimi, during a wave of overnight raids and arrests on November 5–6 in which 70 Palestinians were detained.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Prominent 22-year-old Palestinian protester Ahed Tamimi arrested by Israel on suspicion of "inciting violence" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/palestinian-protester-ahed-tamimi-arrested-israel-suspicion-inciting-violence/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}} According to an IDF spokesperson, Tamimi was arrested on suspicion of "inciting violence and calling for terrorist activity to be carried out". The arrest followed Israeli media reports of a post on Instagram purported to belong to her that called for a violent massacre of Israeli settlers in the West Bank, referencing Adolf Hitler, although her family denies she authored the post, stating that her Instagram has been hacked before and that she is frequently impersonated online. Her father had been arrested by Israeli forces one week prior, and is being held in an undisclosed location. PEN International, an NGO that advocates for freedom of expression, confirmed that Tamimi was being held at Damon Prison, near Haifa, and called on Israel to release her immediately. As of November 27, Tamimi was being held incommunicado and without charge or trial; Israel had taken steps to transfer her to indefinite administrative detention. She and her lawyer had been unable to review the evidence against her. On November 29, Tamimi was released under the temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas.{{Cite news |last1=Bisset |first1=Victoria |last2=Masih |first2=Niha |date=2023-11-30 |title=Palestinian activist Ahed Tamimi freed from Israeli prison in latest exchange |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/palestine-ahed-tamimi-released-israel-hostages/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |issn=0190-8286}}

Mosab Abu Toha, a celebrated Palestinian poet, was arrested at gunpoint while attempting to evacuate with his family. Abu Toha, whose son is an American citizen, was told by American officials that they would be able to cross into Egypt through the Rafah Border Crossing.{{Cite news |last=Borger |first=Julian |last2= |first2= |date=2023-11-20 |title=Palestinian poet Mosab Abu Toha arrested by Israelis in Gaza, family says |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/20/palestinian-poet-mosab-abu-toha-arrested-by-israelis-in-gaza-family-says |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0261-3077}} According to Diana Buttu, a Palestinian-Canadian lawyer working with his family, Abu Toha had been sent for by the US embassy. Conveying an account from Abu Toha's wife, Buttu told Time: "He was forced to put his son down... They were all forced to walk with their hands raised in the air. He raised his arms in the air … [and he and] around 200 others were taken out of this line and abducted. They have not heard from him since." Abu Toha was a contributor to The New Yorker, which reported on November 20 that his whereabouts were unknown.{{Cite magazine |last=Yorker |first=The New |date=2023-11-20 |title=Israeli Forces Reportedly Detain a New Yorker Contributor |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/israeli-forces-reportedly-detain-a-new-yorker-contributor |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X |access-date=2023-11-21}} Literary Hub referred to his detention as a kidnapping by the IDF.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Reports suggest Palestinian poet Mosab Abu Toha has been kidnapped by Israeli forces. |url=https://lithub.com/reports-suggest-palestinian-poet-mosab-abu-toha-has-been-kidnapped-by-israeli-forces/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}} On November 21, Democracy Now! reported that Abu Toha had been released after being taken to an Israeli prison in the Negev and beaten, according to a statement from Buttu.{{cite news |title=Palestinian Poet Mosab Abu Toha Freed After Being Abducted in Gaza & Beaten by Israeli Forces in Jail |publisher=Democracy Now! |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2023/11/21/gaza_mosab_abu_toha_kidnapping}} The Israeli Defense Forces issued a statement acknowledging that they detained a group of people, including Abu Toha, for interrogation following intelligence reports suggesting engagements with terrorist groups. The IDF confirmed that Abu Toha was set free subsequent to the interrogation.

Mohand Taha, a stand-up comedian and influencer from Lower Galilee, spoke to Haaretz in relation to his arrest by "20 police officers" after posting an Instagram story in solidarity with Gaza residents. He stated that authorities wanted to transfer him to Megiddo Prison, but that he was released from custody after two days following interventions by his lawyer.

28-year-old human rights attorney Diala Ayesh was arrested at a checkpoint near Bethlehem and placed under administrative detention, meaning she can be incarcerated for a period of four months without trial or charge.{{cite web |last1=Al Tahhan |first1=Zena |title=Israel holds female Palestinian rights lawyer without trial or charge |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/2/13/israel-holds-female-palestinian-rights-lawyer-without-trial-or-charge |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=16 February 2024}}

In December 2023, Mahmoud Almadhoun was detained by the IDF.{{Cite news |last=Natour |first=Rhana |date=2023-12-21 |title=He’s raising millions in aid for Gaza. But still he couldn’t save his family |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/21/unrwa-gaza-palestine-fundraising-aid-family |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |last=Raice |first=Shayndi |last2=Keller-Lynn |first2=Carrie |date=2023-12-10 |title=Israel Detains Hundreds of Palestinian Men in Search for Hamas |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-groups-of-hamas-militants-surrendered-amid-gaza-fighting-7891bc22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231214071103/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-groups-of-hamas-militants-surrendered-amid-gaza-fighting-7891bc22 |archive-date=2023-12-14 |work=Wall Street Journal}}{{Cite web |last=Ayomari |date=2024-03-21 |title=Man Opens Soup Kitchen In Gaza To Help Displaced Palestinians |url=https://www.foodbeast.com/news/brothers-launch-gaza-soup-kitchen-aiding-hundreds-of-families-during-ramadan/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=FoodBeast |language=en-US}} After his brother, Hani, recognized him in photos of blindfolded Palestinian men held by the IDF and spoke about him in the US media, he was released. In an op-ed for the The Washington Post, Mahmoud recounted being "stripped to my underwear and paraded with other blindfolded men in the cold like circus animals" and wrote that none of the detained men were militants.{{Cite news |last=Almadhoun |first=Mahmoud |date=2024-04-03 |title=Our northern Gaza family will feed our neighbors — until we can’t |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/04/03/gaza-famine-family-soupkitchen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240404023001/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/04/03/gaza-famine-family-soupkitchen/ |archive-date=2024-04-04 |work=Washington Post}} He told PBS that the experience inspired him to help others; he later founded the Gaza Soup Kitchen with Hani.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Gazans struggle with starvation and displacement this Ramadan |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/gazans-struggle-with-starvation-and-displacement-this-ramadan |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}

On November 9, four Arab-Israeli former lawmakers were detained.{{Cite news |title=Four Former Arab Israeli Lawmakers Detained for Questioning by Police Over Plans for Anti-war Protest |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-09/ty-article/.premium/four-former-arab-israeli-lawmakers-detained-for-questioning-over-plans-for-antiwar-protest/0000018b-b3b5-dedf-adab-f7b5c11e0000 |access-date=2023-11-11}}{{Cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Kierszenbaum |first2=Quique |date=2023-11-09 |title=Israeli forces kill 18 Palestinians in daytime raid in West Bank |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/israeli-forces-kill-palestinians-in-daytime-raid-in-west-bank |access-date=2023-11-11 |issn=0261-3077}} Mohammad Barakeh, chairman of the Higher Arab Monitoring Committee and a former Knesset member from the Hadash party, was detained for questioning, followed by three former Knesset members from the Balad party: Haneen Zoabi, Sami Abu Shehadeh, and Mtanes Shehadeh. Balad director general Yousef Tatur was also detained. Tatur and the former lawmakers were accused of planning a protest in Nazareth, with an expected attendance of around 50 people or fewer. Israeli authorities alleged that the demonstration was "liable to lead to incitement and harm public peace, in violation of police directives"; the ACRI described the detentions as "a new and dangerous expression of the government's unrestrained scathing attack on Arab society in general and its leadership in particular." Zoabi spent more than seven hours at the Migdal HaEmek police station, in Galilee, although she states that the interrogation lasted only 15 minutes.

Khalida Jarrar, a Palestinian politician affiliated with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) was arrested in her home on December 26.{{cite web |title=Prominent Palestinian politician arrested |url=https://aje.io/ck8baq?update=2580326 |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=Al Jazeera}}{{Cite web |date=2023-12-26 |title=Israel detains senior Palestinian leader Khalida Jarrar |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-israel-detains-senior-palestinian-leader-khalida-jarrar/ |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Middle East Monitor}} Jarrar, who was elected to the Legislative Council following the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, had been previously arrested by Israel. Other leaders of the PFLP were arrested on the same date, in what the group described as a "vast campaign" to arrest its leaders in the occupied West Bank. On 10 January 2024, Jarrar's daughter stated Jarrar had been sentenced to six months in prison with the possibility of indefinite detention.{{cite web |title=Israel puts senior Palestinian politician under 'administrative detention' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/10/israels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire?update=2609170 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=11 January 2024}} At the end of August 2024, Jarrar was ordered to another six months in detention, despite no trial nor even charges filed against her.{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Gideon |title=For a Bit of Air, the Palestinian Lawmaker Lies Down on the Floor, by the Crack Under the Cell Door |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/twilight-zone/2024-08-30/ty-article-magazine/.premium/for-a-bit-of-air-the-palestinian-lawmaker-lies-down-by-the-crack-under-the-cell-door/00000191-9e54-d453-ab9f-fedc4e610000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=14 September 2024|url-access=subscription}}

The Committee to Protect Journalists reported that nine Palestinian journalists had been arrested or detained as of November 6.{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kathy |date=2023-12-05 |title=Attacks, arrests, threats, censorship: The high risks of reporting the Israel-Gaza war |url=https://cpj.org/2023/11/attacks-arrests-threats-censorship-the-high-risks-of-reporting-the-israel-hamas-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107160829/https://cpj.org/2023/11/attacks-arrests-threats-censorship-the-high-risks-of-reporting-the-israel-hamas-war/ |archive-date=2023-11-07 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}} By December 5, the number had risen to 19.{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kathy |date=2023-11-06 |title=Attacks, arrests, threats, censorship: The high risks of reporting the Israel-Gaza war |url=https://cpj.org/2023/11/attacks-arrests-threats-censorship-the-high-risks-of-reporting-the-israel-hamas-war/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}} On December 7, CJP reported the arrest of journalist Diaa Al-Kahlout and his family members in northern Gaza.{{cite web |title=CPJ calls for release of Al-Araby Al-Jadeed Gaza correspondent Diaa Al-Kahlout |url=https://cpj.org/2023/12/cpj-calls-for-release-of-al-araby-al-jadeed-gaza-correspondent-diaa-al-kahlout/ |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |date=December 7, 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023}} On 10 January 2024, Reporters Without Borders stated at least 31 Palestinian journalists were being held in Israeli prisons, mostly without any charges.{{cite web |title=At least 31 Palestinian journalists in Israeli prisons: RSF |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/10/israels-war-on-gaza-us-laments-gaza-deaths-but-opposes-ceasefire?update=2607518 |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}} By 19 March 2024, around 60 journalists from the West Bank had been detained by Israeli forces since 7 October, with at least 40 remaining in detention.{{cite web |title=Palestinian journalist arrested by Israel in Ramallah |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-holds-al-jazeera-reporter-for-12-hours?update=2782969 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=22 March 2024}}

{{Main|Ismail al-Ghoul}}

On 18 March 2024, Al Jazeera journalist Ismail al-Ghoul was blindfolded and handcuffed for 12 hours after being arrested by Israeli forces during a raid at Al-Shifa Hospital.{{cite web |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Usaid |title=Al Jazeera's Ismail al-Ghoul just one of many journalists in Gaza targeted by Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2782301 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=20 March 2024}} Israel destroyed his broadcast vehicle, cameras, and equipment.{{cite web |title=Al Jazeera demands Israel immediately release correspondent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2780989 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}} Imad Zaqqout, a Palestinian journalist, stated that al-Ghoul was beaten severely before being detained.{{cite web |title=Israeli army arrests Al Jazeera Arabic reporter inside al-Shifa Hospital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2780615 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}}

In response to al-Ghoul's arrest, Reporters Without Borders demanded his release.{{cite web |title=Press freedom group demands release of Al Jazeera correspondent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2781263 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}} Committee to Protect Journalists condemned his arrest and stated it appeared like a deliberate attempt to prevent the media from documenting Israel's hospital raid.{{cite web |title=CPJ condemns detention of Ismail al-Ghoul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2781019 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}} The International Press Institute stated it was deeply alarmed by al-Ghoul's arrest and called for his immediate release.{{cite web |title=IPI calls for detained Al Jazeera journalist's 'immediate release' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2780981 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}} According to Al Jazeera, the arrest of al-Ghoul was part of a pattern of targeting Al Jazeera journalists, including Samer Abu Daqqa and Hamza Dahdouh, who were both killed.{{cite web |last1=Abu Azzoum |first1=Tareq |title=Israeli forces have previously targeted Al Jazeera crews |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ceasefire-push-as-rafah-invasion-looms?update=2781123 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 March 2024}} The deputy chair of the Palestinian Journalists' Syndicate stated that Israeli forces were "intimidating journalists by showing that anyone who speaks out will be their next target".{{cite web |title=Israel intent on 'muzzling' Palestinian journalists |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-holds-al-jazeera-reporter-for-12-hours?update=2783424 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=22 March 2024}}

Upon his release, Al-Ghoul stated, "We were left in the room we were kept in, where we stayed for several hours, in cold conditions, naked and blindfolded."{{cite web |title=Al Jazeera journalist describes ordeal in Israeli custody |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-holds-al-jazeera-reporter-for-12-hours?update=2782582 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=22 March 2024}}

On 31 July 2024, Al-Ghoul would be killed by an Israeli rocket attack.{{Cite web |title=Al Jazeera journalist, cameraman killed in Israeli attack on Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/31/al-jazeera-journalist-cameraman-killed-in-gaza-attack |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

Ahmed Kahlout, the director of Kamal Adwan hospital in the northern Gaza Strip, was detained by Israeli forces in the aftermath of the Kamal Adwan Hospital siege in December 2023. After interrogation by the Shin Bet, Kahlout confessed that the hospital was used as a military operations center by Hamas and that he was a member of Hamas.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Gaza hospital director admits Hamas uses hospitals for military purposes |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-778679 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=The Jerusalem Post|first=Yonah|last=Jeremy Bob |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |first=Pesach|last=Benson|date=2023-12-19 |title=Gaza Hospital Director Admits He Works for Hamas|work=The Jewish Press |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/eye-on-palestine/gaza/gaza-hospital-director-admits-he-worked-for-hamas/2023/12/19/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=2023-12-19 |title=Gaza hospital chief confirms facility's use as Hamas military base staffed by terrorist operatives |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/s1pj2mydp |access-date=2024-02-15}}{{cite news |title=Israel posts doctor's 'Hamas confession' after hospital arrests |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/israel-posts-doctors-hamas-confession-after-hospital-arrests-69zbsfn0t |access-date=15 February 2024 |work=The Times|first=Richard|last=Spencer |date=19 December 2023}} The Gaza Health Ministry said that "Kahlout's confessions were extracted under the use of force, coercion, torture and intimidation."{{cite news |title=Israel accused of extracting confessions of Gaza's hospital director under duress |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-accused-of-extracting-confessions-of-gaza-s-hospital-director-under-duress/3088222 |access-date=15 February 2024 |publisher=AA |date=20 December 2023}}{{cite web | title=Ministry of Health denounces forcing Dr. Kahlout to make confessions under duress | website=The Palestinian Information Center | date=2023-12-20 | url=https://english.palinfo.com/news/2023/12/20/311502/ | ref={{sfnref | The Palestinian Information Center | 2023}} | access-date=2024-02-15}}

Qatawi spent three years in Israeli detention. Qatawi was being held at the Nafha Prison, where he says he and his cellmates were beaten daily by guards.{{cite web | title= Israeli prison releases Palestinian with Star of David shaved on to his head | website=Middle East Eye | date=2025-04-10 | url= https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-prison-palestinian-star-david-shaved-head }} He said: “We were severely beaten… They insulted us a lot, stepped on us, used dogs against us. It was very hard.” He also noted a “lack of food, lack of hygiene, diseases”, calling on Palestinian and international organisations to protect detainees, saying their situation is “more than dangerous”. Before his release on 10 April 2025, Israeli prison guards shoved his head into a rubbish bin and shaved part of his hair, drawing the Star of David onto his head.

A Palestinian man from Shu'fat refugee camp was beaten up by Israeli police and was then arrested. He was allegedly suspected by Israeli police of drug trafficking offences. 16 police officers were present at the arrest, but "none of their body cameras were working". In court, the man said police beat him with fists “on all parts of his body and covered his face with a cloth strip” before branding a Star of David onto his cheek. He later added that the police had also placed a plastic bag over his head.{{cite web | title= Israel Police brands Palestinian prisoner’s face with Star of David | website=Middle East Monitor | date=2023-08-21 | url= https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230821-israel-police-brands-palestinian-prisoners-face-with-star-of-david/}} Vadim Shub, the public defender of the Jerusalem district, later stated: “As a law-abiding country, we must not put up with the phenomenon of police violence. In this case, the nature of the injuries raises a strong suspicion of attempted humiliation on a racial basis.”{{cite web | title= Israeli police accused of branding Star of David on Palestinian man's cheek: Report | website=Middle East Eye | date=2023-08-18 | url= https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-police-accused-branding-star-of-david-palestinian-man-cheek-report}}

The man was later named as Orwah Sheikh Ali. His lawyer said he denied all charges he was a drug dealer. Sheikh Ali was held in detention for four days before he was released by order of judge Adi Bar Tal. Sheikh Ali had not been allowed to be examined by a physician despite a ruling mandating this being issued. Police claimed that the marks happened when an officer pressed the laced-up part of their boot against the suspect’s face while they subdued him.

{{See also|Confessions of detained Palestinians in the Gaza war

|Israeli torture in the occupied territories}}

Numerous Palestinian detainees have reported torture during interrogations by Israeli forces, which has raised significant alarm among international human rights groups such as Amnesty International. One detainee told Amnesty International that Israeli interrogators beat him severely, resulting in three broken ribs, and ordered Palestinian detainees to "praise Israel and curse Hamas". A Gazan worker detained in Israel stated that he and other detainees had been tortured for several days using an "electrical chair", as part of an interrogation by Israeli authorities. Dr. Shai Gortler, who studies incarceration and torture, stated that Shin Bet allows media exposure "to put forward its own narrative about its actions, torture included", among other reasons.{{Cite news |last=Sanchez |first=Raf |date=2023-11-19 |title=Inside Shin Bet's interrogation of 50 Hamas fighters |publisher=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/shin-bet-interrogation-hamas-rcna125748 |access-date=2023-12-08}}

The IDF has alleged that interrogations of detainees captured in Israel following the October 7 attack revealed that Hamas commanders, who also held religious authority, had sanctioned targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly. The IDF characterized the evidence obtained through these interrogations as revealing a premeditated plan to inflict maximum civilian casualties. NBC News notes that it is unclear whether the men depicted were speaking under duress in videos released by Israeli authorities. The interrogation sessions were held over four weeks, mainly in a southern Israeli prison, and concluded in early November. The IDF alleged that interrogated militants revealed tactics related to the placement of their tunnels and munitions in Gaza neighbourhoods.{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=2023-10-29 |title=In interrogation video, Hamas terrorists confirm group's hideout under Gaza hospital |publisher=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-interrogation-video-hamas-terrorists-confirm-groups-hideout-under-gaza-hospital/ |access-date=2023-12-08}}{{Cite news |last=Bob |first=Yonah Jeremy |date=2023-11-28 |title=Shaldag commander details how elite unit took Hamas's stronghold at Shifa. captured terrorists recount to Shin Bet how they abducted foreign workers |publisher=Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2895245866 |access-date=2023-12-08|id={{ProQuest|2895245866}} }}{{Cite news |date=2023-10-25 |title=$10,000 per hostage and an apartment': Israeli securities post shocking video of Hamas terrorists' confessions |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/10000-per-hostage-and-an-apartment-israeli-securities-post-shocking-video-of-hamas-terrorists-confessions/articleshow/104679236.cms |access-date=2023-12-08}}

In a report to the United Nations General Assembly on 24 October 2023, Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, noted that the failure to notify parents of the whereabouts of their children following an arrest is a violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and can be considered a forced disappearance.{{Cite web |last=Altozano |first=Manuel |date=2023-10-28 |title=UN reports allege murder, maiming and arbitrary detention of Palestinian children |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-10-28/un-reports-allege-murder-maiming-and-arbitrary-detention-of-palestinian-children.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}} Defense for Children International reported in October 2024 that the rate of childhood administrative detention was the highest since it began keeping records.{{cite web |title=Report finds Israel arbitrarily imprisoning Palestinian children at record rates |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/10/16/live-ten-killed-as-israel-hits-homes-healthcare-centre-in-lebanons-qana?update=3251779 |website=Al Jazeera English |access-date=19 October 2024}} Albanese further noted that transferring civilian populations from occupied territories (i.e. from the West Bank to prisons in Israel) is a war crime.

Israeli authorities and media outlets have justified the mass detentions as a counterterrorism measure or a response to violence.{{Cite web |last1=Kottasová |first1=Ivana |last2=Arvanitidis |first2=Barbara |last3=Elbagir |first3=Nima |last4=Platt |first4=Alex |date=2023-11-29 |title=Release of Palestinian prisoners sheds light on controversial Israeli justice system in the occupied West Bank |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/29/middleeast/palestinian-prisoners-israeli-judicial-system-west-bank-mime-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=CNN |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Ahed Tamimi among Palestinians freed by Israel in Gaza truce swap |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-775782 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2023-11-19 |title=Israel eliminates terrorists, makes arrests, during West Bank raid |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774020 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}} The Times of Israel has sent reporters to join IDF reservist battalions during overnight raids in the West Bank, describing the arrests as quelling a potential front in the ongoing war.{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=2023-11-29 |title=Amid Gaza war, IDF steps up West Bank raids to quell potential additional front |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-gaza-war-idf-steps-up-west-bank-raids-to-quell-potential-additional-front/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=The Times of Israel}} The IDF stated it had arrested 2,000 West Bank Palestinians as of November 29, including 1,100 it alleged were affiliated with Hamas.

Reuters notes that prisons are overseen by Israel's far-right Minister of National Security, Itamar Ben-Gvir, "who has long advocated for a crackdown on Palestinian prisoners", and has expressed support for a bill providing for the execution of militants. Legal analysts and former Israeli police stated Ben-Gvir was weaponizing the national police force to serve his extreme ultranationalist political agenda.{{cite web |last1=Zilber |first1=Neri |title=How far-right minister Itamar Ben-Gvir weaponised Israel’s police |url=https://www.ft.com/content/324e9c5c-bdf9-4437-9700-51d92b24021e?shareType=nongift |website=Financial Times |access-date=23 September 2024|url-access=subscription}}

Several of the human rights organizations listed above describe the revocation of work permits and the detention of Palestinian workers as a form of retaliation by Israel for the October 7 attack by Hamas and the capture of Israeli citizens by Palestinian armed groups.{{Cite web |last=Abuleil |first=Maiyse |date=2023-10-19 |title=Israel refuses to reveal information about thousands of Gaza residents being held in Israeli detention facilities |url=https://gisha.org/en/illegally-detained-workers-october-2023-en/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Gisha |language=en}} Al Jazeera referred to social media commentary comparing the reported abuse to the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal.{{Cite web |last=Tahhan |first=Zena Al |title='He threw up blood': Palestinian detainees face abuse in Israeli custody |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/11/1/he-threw-up-blood-palestinian-detainees-face-abuse-in-israeli-custody |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} In April 2024, Addameer stated, "Surveillance on social media targets anyone showing sympathy with Gaza, which is considered incitement for violence or as support for a 'terrorist organisation'".{{cite web |last1=Nashed |first1=Mat |title=The thousands of Palestinians Israel arrests, tortures, holds even in death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/17/the-thousands-of-palestinians-israel-arrests-tortures-hold-even-in-death |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=24 April 2024}} In June 2024, Israeli lawmakers approved a bill which would reserve administrative detention for non-Jews only.{{cite web |last1=Shpigel |first1=Noa |title=Israeli Ministers Approve Law That Would Reserve 'Administrative Detention' for non-Jews |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-30/ty-article/.premium/israeli-ministers-approve-law-that-would-reserve-administrative-detention-for-non-jews/00000190-69d7-d407-aff0-6fdfaa740000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=4 July 2024}}

Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya stated that the situation in the West Bank deserved close scrutiny by the Security Council, specifically citing "arbitrary arrests" by Israel.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title='Nowhere and no one is safe' in Gaza, WHO chief tells Security Council {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/11/1143462 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk referred to daily "violence from Israeli forces and settlers, ill treatment, arrests, evictions, intimidation and humiliation" in the West Bank, and called on Israeli authorities to respect Palestinian rights.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=UPDATED: Israel-Palestine crisis: Amid war crimes fears, UN rights chief renews calls to stop violence, free hostages {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/11/1143432 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=news.un.org |language=en}} On December 1, the UN Human Rights Office expressed serious concern regarding the dramatic rise in arrests. In a statement, Türk called for "an end to practices of arbitrary detention by Israel".{{Cite web |date=2023-12-01 |title=Comment by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk on resumption of hostilities in Gaza |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/12/comment-un-high-commissioner-human-rights-volker-turk-resumption-hostilities |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}

In response to a question posed at a meeting of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs on November 29, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mélanie Joly stated that "arrestations [sic] must be done according to the rule of law and international law", while calling for condemnation of and an end to "violence".{{Cite web |date=2023-11-29 |title=PaulMitchell_AB |url=https://twitter.com/PaulMitchell_AB/status/1729931331453514205 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}} Doctors Without Borders stated it was "deeply concerned" about a staff member detained by the Israelis in Khan Younis, calling on the IDF to guarantee his "dignity and ensure his wellbeing".{{cite web |title=MSF says it is worried about wellbeing of staff |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/8/israels-war-on-gaza-live-60000-pregnant-women-face-malnutrition-in-gaza?update=2758083 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 March 2024}} In April 2024, the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby criticized Israel's arrest of a Palestinian Christian woman.{{cite web |last1=Waghorn |first1=Dominic |title=Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby criticises Israel over Palestinian Christian woman in detention |url=https://news.sky.com/story/archbishop-of-canterbury-justin-welby-criticises-israel-over-palestinian-christian-woman-in-detention-13123349 |website=Sky News |access-date=2 May 2024}}

In a meeting between Red Cross president Mirjana Spoljaric Egger and Qadura Fares, the head of the Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs, Fares requested for international intervention, stating Palestinian prisoners were "living the worst conditions" in history.{{cite web |title=Palestinian prisoner affairs chief tells ICRC to intervene to stop Israel's 'brutal attacks' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/15/israel-hamas-war-live-us-shifts-tone-but-says-israel-support-steadfast?update=2560228 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=16 December 2023}}

Justices of the Supreme Court of Israel stated they would tour Israeli prisons amidst reports of Palestinian prisoners' deaths and deteriorating prison conditions.{{cite news |last1=Maanit |first1=Chen |title=Israeli Supreme Court Justices to Visit Prisons Following Deaths of 6 Palestinian Inmates |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-17/ty-article/.premium/israeli-supreme-court-justices-to-visit-prisons-following-deaths-of-6-palestinian-inmates/0000018c-78bb-d98c-abef-febff9290000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=21 December 2023}} Palestinian activist Mustafa Barghouti stated more than a thousand Palestinian detainees were experiencing "brutal torture and severe beatings" in Israeli prisons.{{cite web |title=Palestinian official: Gaza prisoners are being brutally tortured |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/20/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-kills-around-100-palestinians-in-one-day?update=2569747 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 December 2023}}

In December 2023, Minister of National Security Ben-Gvir stated he was replacing Katy Perry, the chief commissioner of the Israel Prison Service, because she was too lax and not harsh enough.{{cite web |title=Israeli national security minister says prisons chief too lenient |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/27/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-vows-to-intensify-gaza-fighting?update=2582540 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=27 December 2023}} In March 2024, Netanyahu ordered the Israeli defence, national security, and finance ministers to prepare Israeli prisons for thousands of new Palestinian prisoners.{{cite web |title=Netanyahu orders prison preparations for 'thousands' of new arrests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-is-restricting-lifesaving-aid-unrwa?update=2763515 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=12 March 2024}} The IDF military police launched criminal investigations in June 2024 into the death of 48 Palestinians during the war, most of whom were detainees.{{cite web |last1=Kubovich |first1=Yaniv |title=Israeli Army Conducting Criminal Investigation Into 48 Deaths of Gazans During War, Mostly Detainees |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-03/ty-article/.premium/idf-conducts-criminal-investigation-into-48-deaths-of-gazans-in-the-war-mostly-detainees/0000018f-dd46-db0d-a98f-dd4f27950000# |website=Haaretz |access-date=13 June 2024}}

In June 2024 the Palestinian Legislative Council in Gaza demanded for an international inspection of Israeli detention centers after a number of released detainees, reportedly left the centers after months appearing frail and thin. The council raised allegations that the prisoners were subjected to starvation, isolation and torture.{{Cite web |last=Khadder |first=Kareem |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |date=2024-06-14 |title=Palestinian groups demand inspection of Israeli prisons as detainees are released with chronic health problems |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/14/middleeast/israel-detention-palestinians-release-intl-latam/index.html |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=CNN |language=en}}

• Gaza war hostage crisis
• Administrative detention
• Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war
• Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
• Enforced disappearance
• Confessions of detained Palestinians in the Gaza war
• Palestinian prisoners in Israel

• OHCHR, [https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/detention-context-escalation-hostilities-gaza Detention in the context of the escalation of hostilities in Gaza], 31 July 2024.
• B'Tselem, [https://www.btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell Welcome to Hell: The Israeli Prison System as a Network of Torture Camps], 6 August 2024.

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Gaza war|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mass detentions in the Gaza war}}

Category:Domestic reactions to the Gaza war

Category:Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war

Category:Palestinian prisoners and detainees

Category:Torture in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Category:2023 in the Gaza Strip

Category:Anti-Palestinian sentiment in Israel

Category:Torture in Israel

Category:Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war