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Mass media in Turkmenistan

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The mass media in Turkmenistan are among the world's most tightly controlled. The press is controlled by the government, which funds nearly all newspapers, criticism of the president is forbidden, and state licensing policy effectively eliminates all outlets not reflecting official views. To avoid reprisal, domestic and foreign journalists engage in self-censorship.

The only domestic news agency is the State News Agency of Turkmenistan. The Anadolu Agency of Turkey maintains an office in Ashgabat, and TRT has a representative there. Agence France Press, Associated Press, Reuters, and ITAR-TASS receive reports from stringers. 57 correspondents of foreign media, accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan.[https://mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/686?breadcrumbs=no СПИСОК корреспондентов зарубежных СМИ, аккредитованных при МИД Туркменистана]

Broadcasting is under the full control of the Turkmenistan Television Broadcasting Center, which operates seven national television channels. Little recent information on radio stations is available.[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkmenistan.pdf Turkmenistan country profile]. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (February 2007). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609233835/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkmenistan.pdf|date=9 June 2007}}. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Reporters Without Borders' 2022 Press Freedom Index ranked Turkmenistan 177th out of 180 countries surveyed, ahead of Iran, Eritrea, and North Korea.[https://rsf.org/en/index World Press Freedom Index 2022], Reporters Without Borders. It has consistently ranked at or near the bottom of most measures of press freedom since the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Newspapers and magazines

Twenty-two newspapers (2 privately owned) and 14 magazines (none privately owned) are published in Turkmenistan. Content of the state-owned newspapers differs little to not at all, consisting of republishing of copy from the state-owned news agency. They are very expensive by Turkmen standards, with the most expensive newspaper costing $0.50. A one-year subscription equals one month minimum wage.{{cite web|url=https://www.azathabar.com/a/27199219.html|title=Merkezi Aziýanyň we Türkmenistanyň neşirleri|website=Azatlyk Radiosy|date=20 August 2015 }} Some domestic online newspapers have been founded, notably Turkmenportal and Orient.[http://orient.tm/ Orient website][http://www.Turkmenportal.com.tm Turkmenportal News website] Russian magazines and Uzbek newspapers are sold in some kiosks.

= National newspapers =

Electronic copies of most state-published newspapers may be downloaded from [https://metbugat.gov.tm/subnewspapers the website of the State Printing Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529084724/https://metbugat.gov.tm/subnewspapers |date=2022-05-29 }}.

= Regional newspapers =

  • Ashgabat
  • Maru-Şahu-Jahan – Mary Velayat, published since 1931, in Turkmen, three times per week.
  • Ahal Durmuşy (Ahal Life) – Ahal Velayat, published in Turkmen three times in a week.
  • Daşoguz Habarlary (Dashoguz News) – Dashoguz Velayat, published in Turkmen three times in a week.
  • Türkmen Gündogary (Turkmen Orient) – Lebap Velayat, published in Turkmen three times in a week.
  • Balkan – Balkan Velayat, published in Turkmen three times in a week.

= Online newspapers =

  • [https://arzuw.news/ Arzuw News] – independent, private news agency.
  • [http://www.azathabar.com Azatlyk Radiosy] – (Radio Free Europe Turkmen Service).
  • [https://bb.com.tm Biz barde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521005851/https://bb.com.tm/ |date=2022-05-21 }} – independent, private outlet social network.
  • [https://business.com.tm Business Turkmenistan] – independent, business news and information service.
  • [https://www.hronikatm.com/ Chronicles of Turkmenistan] – foreign-based independent media outlet.
  • [http://gundogar-news.com/ Gundogar News] – state-controlled, of unknown ownership.
  • [http://gundogar.org/ Gundogar.org] – foreign-based independent media outlet.
  • [https://ashgabat.in/ InAshgabat] – independent, private news outlet and internet portal focused on Ashgabat local news.
  • [https://www.infoabad.com/tmnews Infoabad] – independent, private news outlet and internet portal.
  • [https://orient.tm/en/o-nas Orient] – independent, private information agency owned by «Media Turkmen», founded in 2017.
  • [https://www.parahat.info/ Parahat Info] – news aggregator.
  • Türkiýe-Türkmenistan{{Citation needed|date=December 2021|reason=URL needed for this online newspaper, which cannot be found via search engines.}}
  • [https://www.turkmenhabar.com/ Türkmen Habar]
  • [https://turkmen.news/ Turkmen News] – foreign-based independent media outlet, formerly known as "Alternative News of Turkmenistan".
  • [https://turkmenyurt.tv/ru/home/ Turkmen Yurt TV] – foreign-based independent media
  • Türkmen Inform{{Citation needed|date=May 2022|reason=URL needed for this online newspaper, which cannot be found via search engines.}}
  • [http://tdh.gov.tm/en/ Turkmenistan Today] – (TDH official website) – state-owned.
  • [http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/_eng/ Turkmenistan: Golden Age] – service of Neytralny Turkmenistan, state-owned.
  • [http://www.turkmenistan.ru Turkmenistan.ru] – foreign-based independent media outlet.
  • [https://turkmenportal.com/ Turkmenportal] – news aggregator and internet portal.

= Magazines =

  • Altyn Asyr Ykdysadyýeti (Turkmen: The Golden Age Economy) – Owned and published monthly since 2000 by Ministry of Economy and Development of Turkmenistan.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=31 Diýar] (Turkmen: The Land) – Owned and published monthly since 1992 by Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan).
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=33 Dünya Edebiýaty] (Turkmen: World Literature) – Owned and published monthly by Turkmen State Publishing Service.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=32 Garagum] (Turkmen: Karakum) – Owned and published monthly by Turkmen State Publishing Service.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=35 Güneş] (Turkmen: Sun) – Owned and published monthly by Ministry of Education of Turkmenistan.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=37 Saglyk] (Turkmen: Health) – Owned and published semimonthly since 1990 by Ministry of Health of Turkmenistan.
  • Türkmenistan Sport[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/24113/vyshel-chetvertyi-nomer-mezhdunarodnogo-zhurnala-turkmenistan-sport Вышел четвёртый номер международного журнала «Туркменистан спорт»]
  • Türkmenistanda Ylym we Tehnika (Turkmen: Science and Technology in Turkmenistan) – Published semimonthly.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=38 Türkmenistanyň lukmançylygy] (Turkmen: Turkmenistan's Medicine)
  • Täze Oba (Turkmen: New Village) – Owned and published monthly since 1929 by Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Turkmenistan.
  • Возрождение (Vozrozhdeniye, Renaissance in Russian) – Owned and published monthly by the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan. Published since 1937, previously by the Turkmen Communist Party.
  • [https://metbugat.gov.tm/magazines?id=34 Zenan Kalby] (Turkmen: Woman's Heart) – Owned and published monthly by Women's Union of Turkmenistan. Published since 1931.

Television

In Turkmenistan, satellite TV from Russia, Turkey and Uzbekistan is popular. Viewers subscribe to Cable TV and IPTV, which are generally available for a monthly fee of 10 manat per month.{{Cite web|url=http://agts.tv/iptv|title = IPTV | AŞTU – Aşgabat şäher telefon ulgamy}}

Turkmenistan broadcasts 8 public television channels (7 of them on the territory of the whole country, and 1 only in Ashgabat). All broadcast in the Turkmen language with the exception of the Turkmenistan news channel, which broadcasts in 7 languages. They do not differ from each other in news content. These sources of information are an ideological mouthpiece of the ruling regime in the country. Any opinion or idea that differs from that of the President of Turkmenistan cannot be broadcast, nor can criticism of the country (except if the criticism is made by the president himself). The channels also present informative and entertaining domestic programs and movies, as well as sports events in which Turkmen athletes participate. Sometimes Altyn Asyr broadcasts popular movies dubbed in Turkmen in the evenings. Turkmenistan Sport regularly broadcasts Formula 1,[https://turkmenportal.com/catalog/14682 Трансляция Гран-при Бразилии на телеканале «Türkmenistan Sport»] football matches of Serie A, La Liga,{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/24098/telekanal-turkmenistan-sport-pokazhet-katalonskoe-derbi-v-pryamom-efire|title=Телеканал «Türkmenistan Sport» покажет «Каталонское дерби» в прямом эфире | Спорт}} Bundesliga and other sports thanks to an agreement with the Irish company Setanta Sports.[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/20561/turkmenistan-sport-dogovorilsya-o-translyacii-mezhdunarodnyh-versii-telekanalov-setanta-sports «Turkmenistan Sport» договорился о трансляции международных версий телеканалов «Setanta Sports»] Only state companies and institutions advertise on Turkmen television.

= TV channels =

  • [https://turkmentv.gov.tm/ Turkmen television channels online]
  • Altyn Asyr (formerly TMT-1; English: Golden Age) – The main channel of the country.{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35681.html|title=На туркменском телевидении появится шестой канал – Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}
  • Yaşlyk (formerly TMT-2; English: Youth) – Channel catering to the youth of Turkmenistan.
  • Miras (formerly TMT-3; English: Heritage) – TV channel about the culture and heritage of the Turkmen people
  • Türkmenistan (formerly TMT-4) – international channel broadcast in seven different languages.{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/15788|title=НОВЫЙ СПУТНИКОВЫЙ КАНАЛ ТУРКМЕНСКОГО ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ БУДЕТ ВЕЩАТЬ НА СЕМИ ЯЗЫКАХ – Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}
  • Türkmen Owazy (English: Turkmen Voice) – Turkmen music channel.{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/26301|title=Российский спутник "Ямал-201" начал трансляцию программ нового телеканала "Туркмен овазы" – Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}
  • Aşgabat – TV channel broadcasting programs about Ashgabat.{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=500|title=Золотой век|website=www.turkmenistan.gov.tm}}
  • Türkmenistan Sport – sports channel.{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36803.html|title=С 1 января в Туркменистане начнет круглосуточное вещание телеканал "Спорт" – Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}
  • Arkadag — TV channel broadcasting programs about the city of Arkadag.

= IPTV =

  • AŞTU (Aşgabat şäher telefon ulgamy, English: Ashgabat City Telephone System) – the company announced that it had 104,062 subscribers in 2018.{{cite web|url=http://agts.tv/about|title=О нас|website=AŞTU}} Viewers have access to 136 local and foreign TV channels, including those in HD quality.https://turkmenportal.com/compositions/145 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}

= Satellite television =

Private company Alem TVhttps://www.tmalem.tv/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}} offers 125https://turkmenportal.com/blog/45968/alem-tv-hemra-we-onlayn-telewideniye-operatory-turkmen-tomashachylaryna-125-yaylym-hodurleyar {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}} international pay-per-view satellite TV channels for Android smart TVs.https://telecom.tm/ru/news/48/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}

= Cable television =

The state-owned enterprise Turkmen Telekom operates cable TV activities in the country. The service is not a brand.

Radio

There are four radio stations in Turkmenistan:

  • TR1 [http://radio.garden/listen/tr1-watan-radio/S53M97qW Radio Watan] (279 kHz & 102.7 MHz)
  • TR2 [http://radio.garden/listen/car-tarapdan-fm-103-9/PFazcIqH Radio Çar-Tarapdan] (69.68 MHz)
  • TR3 [http://radio.garden/listen/miras-fm-103-9/qJiOPMif Radio Miras] (103.9 MHz)
  • TR4 [http://radio.garden/listen/owaz-fm-101-3/gZ_yeXY5 Radio Owazy] (101.3 & 104.4 MHz)

TR1 broadcasts on longwave, medium wave, OIRT FM, and CCIR FM; TR2 and TR3 broadcast on medium wave and OIRT & CCIR FM; and TR4 broadcasts on CCIR FM. All four stations also broadcast on DAB+ in Ashgabat and can be heard online globally via Radio Garden.{{Cite web |url=http://www.online.tm/en/node/82 |title=Радио | Интернет Провайдер Туркменистана |access-date=2016-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119175843/http://www.online.tm/en/node/82 |archive-date=2016-01-19 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://worldradiomap.com/tm |title=Aşgabatda radiostantsiýalar, Türkmenistan / Radio stations in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan — World Radio Map |publisher=Worldradiomap.com |date=1927-12-20 |accessdate=2019-04-13}}{{cite web|url=http://radio.garden/visit/ashgabat/W4mXVHFZ |title=Stations in Ashgabat | publisher=Radio Garden |accessdate=2022-05-12}} There are no local or regional radio stations in the country.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://metbugat.gov.tm/subnewspapers Newspapers in PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518062303/http://metbugat.gov.tm/subnewspapers |date=2020-05-18 }}
  • [https://tv.online.tm/ Online TV and radio]

{{Asia topic|Media of}}

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan