Mataura River
{{Short description|River in New Zealand}}
{{for|the river in Brazil|Mataurá River}}
{{use New Zealand English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Mataura River
| native_name ={{native name|mi|Mataura}}
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| image = Mataura Paper Mill, New Zealand.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| image_caption = The Mataura Paper Mill operated on the river until 2000
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| map = NZ-Mataura R.png
| map_size = 270px
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = New Zealand
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = Southland
| subdivision_type3 = Towns
| subdivision_name3 = Athol, Gore, Mataura, Wyndham
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| length = {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=on}}
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| source1 = Mataura Saddle
| source1_location = Eyre Mountains
| source1_coordinates= {{Coord|45|18|58|S|168|25|12|E|display=inline|region:NZ}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = Toetoes Bay
| mouth_location = Pacific Ocean
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|34|S|168|43|E|display=inline,title|region:NZ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| mouth_elevation = Sea level
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| tributaries_left = Nokomai River, Waikaia River, Mokoreta River
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The Mataura River is in the Southland Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is {{convert|240|km|mi}} long.
Description
The river's headwaters are located in the Eyre Mountains to the south of Lake Wakatipu. From there it flows southeast towards Gore, where it turns southward. It then passes through the town of Mataura, and enters the Pacific Ocean at Toetoes Bay on the southern coast of the South Island. Much of its channel is braided.
The Mataura is renowned as a source of brown trout, and is a popular fishing venue, including whitebaiting. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of the endangered black-billed gull.{{cite web |url= http://www.birdlife.org |title= Mataura River |access-date=2012-11-15 |work= BirdLife data zone: Important Bird Areas |publisher= BirdLife International |date= 2012}}
History
Until about 18,000 years ago the Mataura drained Lake Wakatipu. The Kingston Flyer follows part of the former river bed, now blocked by glacial moraine.{{citation| url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/casn276.pdf |title=Geology of the southeastern Eyre Mountains relevant to tenure review |last=Turnbull |first=I M|year=2000 |publisher=Department of Conservation |location=Wellington, N.Z. |issn = 1171-9834}}
For Māori, the Mataura was an important {{lang|MI|ara tawhito}} (traditional travel route) that provided direct access from Murihiku to Whakatipu Waimāori (Lake Wakatipu).
{{cite web
|title=Mataura
|url=http://www.kahurumanu.co.nz/atlas?find=Mataura
|website=Kā Huru Manu
|publisher=Nga Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu
|access-date=19 June 2022}}
The Mataura was a significant {{lang|MI|kāinga mahinga kai}} (food-gathering place) for local Kāi Tahu, and was tribally renowned for its abundance of {{lang|MI|kanakana}} (lamprey, Geotria australis). Kanakana are normally caught when climbing natural waterfalls, such as Te Au-nui-pihapiha-kanakana (Mataura Falls).
The Mataura, along with the three other main Southland rivers, the Waiau, Ōreti and Aparima, breached during the Southland floods of January 1984. Commercial and residential areas of the town of Mataura were particularly affected, including the pulp and paper plant.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Mataura}}
Category:Rivers of the Southland Region
Category:Gore District, New Zealand
Category:Important Bird Areas of New Zealand
Category:Rivers of New Zealand
{{Southland-river-stub}}