Mayor of London

The Greater London Council, the elected government for Greater London, was abolished in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985. Strategic functions were split off to various joint arrangements. Londoners voted in a referendum in 1998 to create a new governance structure for Greater London. The directly elected mayor of London was created by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 in 2000 as part of the reforms.

{{Main|London mayoral elections}}

The mayor is elected by the first-past-the-post system for a fixed term of four years, with elections taking place in May. Prior to the Elections Act 2022, the supplementary vote method was used. There are no limits on the number of terms a mayor may serve. The mayor is elected by the largest single-member electorate in the United Kingdom.

As with most elected posts in the United Kingdom, there is a deposit (in this case of £10,000), which is returnable on the candidate's winning of at least 5% of votes cast.

{{Main|2024 London mayoral election}}

The most recent London mayoral election was held on 2 May 2024.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czvkq975yp4o |title=London mayoral election 2024: The candidates standing to be mayor|work=BBC News|date=22 May 2023}} The results of the election were announced on 4 May 2024.{{cite web |last1=Cecil |first1=Nicholas|title=London mayoral election: Why will the result not be announced today? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/london-mayor-election-result-announce-sadiq-khan-susan-hall-friday-saturday-b1155321.html |website=Evening Standard|date=3 May 2024|access-date=3 May 2024}} Sadiq Khan was re-elected as mayor and became the first to be elected for 3 terms, beating the Conservative Susan Hall.

;Timeline

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Most powers are derived from the Greater London Authority Act 1999, with additional functions coming from the Greater London Authority Act 2007, the Localism Act 2011 and Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.

The mayor's main functions are:[http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/planning-london/playing-strategic-role-planning-0#sthash.jpp5D1bZ.dpuf Playing a strategic role in planning | Greater London Authority] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062641/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/planning-london/playing-strategic-role-planning-0 |date=16 October 2013}}. London.gov.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2013.[http://fullfact.org/article/what_can_the_mayor_of_london_do-9159 What can the Mayor of London actually do?]. Full Fact (3 April 2012). Retrieved 6 December 2013.

• Strategic planning, including housing, waste management, the environment and production of the London Plan
• Refuse or permit planning permission on strategic grounds
• Transport policy, delivered by functional body Transport for London
• Fire and emergency planning, delivered by functional body London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority
• Policing and crime policy, delivered by functional body Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (before 2012 by functional body Metropolitan Police Authority). The Metropolitan Police has a structure different to most others across the country, reporting to the Mayor of London instead of a police and crime commissioner.
• Economic development, delivered directly by the Greater London Authority through subsidiary company GLA Land and Property (before 2012 by functional body London Development Agency)
• Power to create development corporations, such as the London Legacy Development Corporation

The remaining local government functions are performed by the London borough councils. There is some overlap; for example, the borough councils are responsible for waste management, but the mayor is required to produce a waste management strategy.[http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/environment/publications/the-mayors-waste-management-strategies The Mayor's Waste Management Strategies | Greater London Authority] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104061051/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/environment/publications/the-mayors-waste-management-strategies |date=4 November 2013 }}. London.gov.uk (18 November 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2013. In 2010, Johnson launched an initiative in partnership with the Multi-academy Trust AET to transform schools across London. This led to the establishment of London Academies Enterprise Trust (LAET) which was intended to be a group of ten academies, but it only reached a group of four before the mayor withdrew it in 2013. The mayor is a member of the Mayoral Council for England and the Council of the Nations and Regions.

The following is a table comparing power over services of the boroughs to the GLA and mayor.

{{London local authority functions}}

Initiatives taken by Ken Livingstone as Mayor of London included the London congestion charge on private vehicles using city centre London on weekdays, the creation of the London Climate Change Agency, the London Energy Partnership and the founding of the international Large Cities Climate Leadership Group, now known as C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. The congestion charge led to many new buses being introduced across London. In August 2003, Livingstone oversaw the introduction of the Oyster card electronic ticketing system for Transport for London services.{{cite news |url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240052235/London-fare-freeze-to-boost-smartcard-use |title=London fare freeze to boost smartcard use |author=James Rogers |newspaper=Computer Weekly |date=19 August 2003 |access-date=19 September 2014}} Livingstone supported the withdrawal of the vintage AEC Routemaster buses from regular service in London.{{Cite news|author= Dwyer, Robyn|date = 5 October 2013|access-date = 15 February 2023|url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/update/2013-10-05/ken-livingstone-too-many-people-died-on-routemasters/|title=Ken Livingstone: too many people died on Routemasters|work=ITV News}}

Livingstone introduced the London Partnerships Register which was a voluntary scheme without legal force for same sex couples to register their partnership, and paved the way for the introduction by the United Kingdom Parliament of civil partnerships and later still, Same-sex marriage. Unlike civil partnerships, the London Partnerships Register was open to heterosexual couples who favour a public commitment other than marriage.

As Mayor of London, Livingstone was a supporter of the London Olympics in 2012, ultimately winning the bid to host the Games in 2005. Livingstone encouraged sport in London; especially when sport could be combined with helping charities like The London Marathon and 10K charity races. Livingstone, in a mayoral election debate on the BBC's Question Time in April 2008, stated that the primary reason he supported the Olympic bid was to secure funding for the redevelopment of the East End of London. In July 2007, he brought the Tour de France cycle race to London.

In May 2008, Boris Johnson introduced a new transport safety initiative to put 440 high visibility police officers in and around bus stations.{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16933|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528233456/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16933|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – New action on transport safety|archive-date=28 May 2008}} A ban on alcohol on underground, and Docklands Light Railway, tram services and stations across the capital was introduced.{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16793|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513075018/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16793|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – Plan to ban alcohol on the transport network|archive-date=13 May 2008}}

Also in May 2008, he announced the closure of The Londoner newspaper, saving approximately £2.9 million. A percentage of this saving was to be spent on planting 10,000 new street trees.{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16873|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517104647/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16873|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – Closure of The Londoner newspaper|archive-date=17 May 2008}}

In 2010, he extended the coverage of Oyster card electronic ticketing to all National Rail overground train services.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/investments/11.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327045219/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/investments/11.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Oyster Oyster pay as you go on National Rail|archive-date=27 March 2012}} Also in 2010, he opened a cycle hire scheme (originally sponsored by Barclays, now Santander) with 5,000 bicycles available for hire across London. Although initiated by his predecessor, Ken Livingstone, the scheme rapidly acquired the nickname of "Boris Bikes". Johnson withdrew the recently introduced high-speed high-capacity "bendy buses" from service in 2011 which had been bought by Livingstone, and he instead supported the development of the New Routemaster{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-16091997 |title = Bendy bus makes final journey for Transport for London|work = BBC News|date = 10 December 2011|access-date = 15 February 2023}} which entered service the next year.

In 2011, Boris Johnson set up the Outer London Fund of £50 million designed to help facilitate improve local high streets.{{cite web|title=Outer London Fund |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres |work=london.gov.uk|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224173124/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres |archive-date=24 December 2011}} Areas in London were given the chance to submit proposals for two tranches of funding. Successful bids for Phase 1 included Enfield,{{cite web|title=Successful Outer London Bids |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres/successful-bids |work=london.gov.uk|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130210800/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres/successful-bids |archive-date=30 January 2012}} Muswell Hill{{cite web|title=Will Muswell Hill have a Town Square?|url=http://www.mymuswell.com/articles/show/a-new-town-square-for-muswell-hill|work=My Muswell|date=23 December 2011}} and Bexley town centre.{{cite web|title=Bexley Outer London Fund |date=5 August 2011|author=Cleverly, James |author-link= James Cleverly|url=http://jamescleverly.blogspot.com/2011/08/outer-london-fund-projects-in-bexley.html |work=jamescleverly.blogspot.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925142437/http://jamescleverly.blogspot.com/2011/08/outer-london-fund-projects-in-bexley.html |archive-date=25 September 2011 }} The recipients of phase 2 funding were still to be announced {{As of|2011}}.

In January 2013, he appointed journalist Andrew Gilligan as the first Cycling Commissioner for London.[http://www.bikeradar.com/commuting/news/article/andrew-gilligan-appointed-cycling-czar-by-mayor-johnson-36283/ Andrew Gilligan appointed 'Cycling Czar' by mayor Johnson]. BikeRadar (28 January 2013). Retrieved 6 December 2013. In March 2013, Johnson announced £1 billion of investment in infrastructure to make cycling safer in London, including a {{convert|15|mi|adj=on}} East to West segregated 'Crossrail for bikes'.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21697423|title='Crossrail for bikes' set for London|date=7 March 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=6 April 2016}}

At the General Election of 7 May 2015, Johnson was elected MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip,{{cite news|title=Uxbridge & South Ruislip |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14001007|work=BBC News}} He continued to serve as mayor until the mayoral election in May 2016, when Sadiq Khan was elected.

{{Update|section|date=May 2024}}

Sadiq Khan introduced the 'bus hopper' fare on TfL buses, which allows passengers to board a second bus within one hour for the same fare.{{Cite web|url=https://www.citymetric.com/transport/sadiq-khan-s-hopper-fare-encouraging-londoners-buses-3455|title=Is Sadiq Khan's hopper fare encouraging Londoners onto the buses? | CityMetric|website=citymetric.com}} Under Khan, paper, coin and cash transactions became obsolete. The Oyster system was expanded to include debit and credit cards. This initiative was started under his predecessor, Johnson.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/contactless-credit-and-debit-cards-can-now-be-used-on-london-tube/|first=Richard|last=Trenholm|title=Contactless credit and debit cards can now be used on London tube|website=CNET|date=16 September 2014}}

Upon election, Khan outlined a vision to make London the "greenest city" by investing in walking and cycling infrastructure while reducing polluting vehicles.{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk//press-releases/mayoral/london-environment-strategy-sets-out-vision|title=Mayor sets out bold strategy to make London the greenest global city|date=11 May 2018|website=London City Hall}} In 2019, the "Ultra Low Emission Zone" scheme was launched which taxes highly polluting vehicles in its covered territory.{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk//press-releases/mayoral/ulez-launches-in-central-london|title=World's first 24 hour Ultra Low Emission Zone starts in London|date=8 April 2019|website=London City Hall}} London declared itself the world's first "National Park City" (effective from July 2019),{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/28/world/london-national-park-city/index.html|title=How London will become a National Park City|first=Esan |last=Swan |others=video by Nabila Khouri and Stefanie Blendis|date=28 November 2018|publisher=CNN}} reflecting its unusually high amount of green space for a city of its size.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/local-government-network/2014/may/27/greater-london-national-park-city|title=Why Greater London should be made into an urban national park|first=Daniel|last=Raven-Ellison|date=27 May 2014|work=The Guardian}}

The Government postponed all elections due in May 2020, including for the mayor of London, for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Khan had therefore served a term in office of five years rather than four, which ended in May 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/postponement-of-may-2020-elections|title=Postponement of May 2020 elections|via=gov.uk}} He was re-elected in 2021 for a shortened three-year term,{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Act 2020|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/section/60/enacted/data.htm|access-date=20 June 2023|work=Legislation.gov.uk}} defeating the Conservative candidate Shaun Bailey.{{cite web|title=Sadiq Khan reelected as London mayor for second term|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/may/08/sadiq-khan-london-mayor-second-term-labour-shaun-bailey-conservatives|work= The Guardian|author= Savage, Michael; and agencies|date=8 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021}}{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/sadiq-khan-london-mayor-win-b1844335.html|title=Sadiq Khan wins second term as London mayor|first=Alastair|last=Jamieson|work=The Independent|date= 7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021}}

{{Portal|London}}

• Foreign relations of the Mayor of London
• Leaders of the Greater London Council
• {{Section link|Timeline of London|21st century}}

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{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.londonelects.co.uk/info_for_candidates/standing_for_mayor_of_london.aspx Page about the process of nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705192654/http://www.londonelects.co.uk/info_for_candidates/standing_for_mayor_of_london.aspx |date=5 July 2008}}

{{LondonMayors}}

{{Directly elected mayors in the United Kingdom}}

{{Governance of Greater London}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayor Of London}}

Category:Local government in London

London

Category:2000 establishments in England