Michel Temer#President of Brazil

Born in Tietê, São Paulo, Temer is the son of Nakhoul "Miguel" Elias Temer Lulia and March Barbar Lulia, Maronite Catholic Lebanese immigrants who came to Brazil in 1925.{{Cite web |date=12 May 2016 |title=Biografia – Michel Temer, presidente da República |trans-title=Biography – Michel Temer, president of the Republic |url=http://www2.planalto.gov.br/acompanhe-planalto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901144353/http://www2.planalto.gov.br/acompanhe-planalto |archive-date=2016-09-01 |work=planalto.gov.br |publisher=Palácio do Planalto |language=pt-BR}}{{Cite news |last=Arias |first=Juan |date=2015-04-10 |title=O cardeal Temer |trans-title=Cardinal Temer |url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2015/04/10/opinion/1428617634_077955.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414011524/https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2015/04/10/opinion/1428617634_077955.html |archive-date=2015-04-14 |access-date=2017-02-02 |work=El País |location=Rio de Janeiro |language=pt-BR}} His parents, along with three older siblings, immigrated to Brazil from Btaaboura, a small village in northern Lebanon, to escape famine and instability due to World War I. In Brazil, his parents had five more children, and Temer is the youngest. Temer is not fluent in Arabic, but is able to discern the topic of a conversation in that language.{{cite web |last=Daniel |first=Isaura |date=25 March 2013 |title=Os planos de Michel Temer para o mundo árabe |trans-title=Michel Temer's plans for the Arab world |url=http://www.anba.com.br/noticia/20021716/diplomacia/os-planos-de-michel-temer-para-o-mundo-arabe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701145816/http://www.anba.com.br/noticia/20021716/diplomacia/os-planos-de-michel-temer-para-o-mundo-arabe/ |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=26 April 2016 |work=anba.com.br |publisher=Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe |language=pt-BR |publication-place=São Paulo}}{{cite web |url=http://entretenimientobit.com/conciliador-charmosao-e-mordomo-de-filme-de-consternacao-afinal-quem-e-michel-temer/ | title=Conciliador, 'charmosão' e 'mordomo de filme de consternação': afinal, quem é Michel Temer |work=Entretenimento bit |date=30 March 2016 |access-date=26 April 2016}}{{unreliable source?|date=November 2017}}{{Cite news |last=Bercito |first=Diogo |date=2015-06-14 |title=Origem de políticos brasileiros, Líbano tem rua com nome de Michel Temer |trans-title=Originated by Brazilian politicians, Lebanon has a street named after Michel Temer |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2015/06/1641839-origem-de-politicos-brasileiros-libano-tem-rua-com-nome-de-michel-temer.shtml |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616145315/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2015/06/1641839-origem-de-politicos-brasileiros-libano-tem-rua-com-nome-de-michel-temer.shtml |archive-date=2015-06-16 |access-date=2016-05-02 |work=Folha de S.Paulo |location=Beirut |language=pt-BR}}

As a child, Temer dreamed of becoming a pianist. However, there were no piano teachers in his city.{{Cite news |last1=Ceolin |first1=Adriano |last2=Motta |first2=Severino |date=2010-06-11 |title=Agora com Dilma, Temer quase foi vice de Serra |trans-title=Now with Dilma, Temer was almost Serra's vice president |url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/eleicoes/agora-com-dilma-temer-quase-foi-vice-de-serra/n1237660566498.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208015848/https://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/eleicoes/agora-com-dilma-temer-quase-foi-vice-de-serra/n1237660566498.html |archive-date=2014-12-08 |access-date=22 January 2017 |newspaper=Último Segundo |location=Brasília |language=pt-BR}} As a teenager, he wanted to be a writer.{{Cite news |last=Rodas |first=Sérgio |date=2016-04-16 |title=Se houver impeachment, Michel Temer será 22º advogado a presidir o Brasil |trans-title=If there is impeachment, Michel Temer will be the 22nd lawyer to preside over Brazil |url=http://www.conjur.com.br/2016-abr-16/houver-impeachment-michel-temer-22-advogado-presidente |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417132103/https://www.conjur.com.br/2016-abr-16/houver-impeachment-michel-temer-22-advogado-presidente/ |archive-date=2016-04-17 |access-date=22 January 2017 |newspaper=Consultor Jurídico |language=pt-BR}} After failing chemistry and physics classes in his first year of high school, he gave up the "curso científico", which prioritized hard sciences and math. In 1957, he moved to São Paulo to finish high school in the "curso clássico", composed mainly of subjects in the humanities and languages.

In 1959, like his four older brothers he joined the Law School of the University of São Paulo, graduating in 1963.{{Cite news |last=Cappelletti |first=Milton |date=2016-04-23 |title=Michel Temer, o paciente. O homem de impeachment em impeachment? |trans-title=Michel Temer, the patient. The impeachment man in impeachment? |url=http://observador.pt/especiais/michel-temer-brasileiro-paciente/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424115211/http://observador.pt/especiais/michel-temer-brasileiro-paciente/ |archive-date=2016-04-24 |access-date=2017-01-23 |work=Observador |language=pt-PT}} In his freshman year, he became involved with politics by becoming a treasurer of the school's students' union. In 1962, Temer ran for the presidency of the union, but was defeated by 82 votes.

Temer stayed neutral before the 1964 coup d'état. With the beginning of military rule, he moved away from politics. In 1974, he completed a doctorate in public law at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP).

File:Michel Temer colar do Mérito Judiciário - Cortada.jpg

In 1968, Temer began teaching constitutional law at PUC-SP, where he also taught civil law and was director of the postgraduate department and of the Brazilian Institute Of Constitutional Law as well as a member of the Ibero-American Institute of Constitutional Law.

Temer published four major works in constitutional law. His most famous book is Elements of Constitutional Law, published in 1982, which sold over 240,000 copies.{{Cite news |last=Guimarães |first=Thiago |date=2016-03-31 |title=Conheça Temer, poeta chamado de 'charmosão' e de professor 'bonzinho |trans-title=Meet Temer, poet called 'charming' and 'nice' teacher |url=https://m.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2016/03/1755944-temer-ja-foi-chamado-de-charmosao-e-de-mordomo-de-filme-de-terror.shtml |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004002227/https://m.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2016/03/1755944-temer-ja-foi-chamado-de-charmosao-e-de-mordomo-de-filme-de-terror.shtml |archive-date=2016-10-04 |access-date=2017-01-23 |work=Folha de S.Paulo |publisher=BBC Brazil |language=pt-BR |publication-place=London}} The book focuses on the organization of the Brazilian state, especially on the separation of powers.

His 2006 book Democracy and Citizenship highlighted the relevance of law and included some of his speeches as a federal deputy. In his works, he showed himself to be a supporter of parliamentarism and a political recall system, while opposing economic interventionism and tax increases.{{Cite news |last=Rodas |first=Sérgio |date=2016-04-17 |title=Livros revelam posições de Temer, que também se arriscou na poesia |trans-title=Books reveal Temer's positions, who also ventured into poetry |url=http://www.conjur.com.br/2016-abr-17/livros-revelam-posicoes-temer-tambem-arriscou-poesia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418112335/http://www.conjur.com.br/2016-abr-17/livros-revelam-posicoes-temer-tambem-arriscou-poesia |archive-date=2016-04-18 |access-date=23 January 2017 |newspaper=Consultor Jurídico |language=pt-BR}}

However, he considered himself a writer only in 2013, when he published Anonymous Intimacy, a book of poems. It consists of 120 poems, many of which were written on napkins during his plane trips between São Paulo and Brasílla. Temer said writing poems helped him recover from the "barren arena of legislative politics".{{Cite web |title=Michel Temer lança livro de poesia em São Paulo |url=http://www.faditu.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=201:michel-temer-lanca-livro-de-poesia-em-sao-paulo&catid=79&Itemid=172 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601190054/http://www.faditu.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=201:michel-temer-lanca-livro-de-poesia-em-sao-paulo&catid=79&Itemid=172 |archive-date=1 June 2016 |access-date=23 January 2017 |website=faditu.com.br |publisher=Faculdade de Direito de Itu |language=pt-BR}}

Beginning in 1987 Temer served six consecutive terms in the Chamber of Deputies,{{Cite news|author=Cantanhéde, Eliane |date=1 November 2010 |title=Líder do PMDB, Temer terá mais força que vices de FHC e de Lula |trans-title=As leader of the PMDB, Temer has more power than the vice presidents of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Lula |language=pt |newspaper=Folha de S.Paulo|publisher=Grupo Folha |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/823630-lider-do-pmdb-temer-tera-mais-forca-que-vices-de-fhc-e-de-lula.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919105812/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2010/11/823630-lider-do-pmdb-temer-tera-mais-forca-que-vices-de-fhc-e-de-lula.shtml |archive-date=19 September 2016 |url-status=live }} and on three separate occasions served two-year terms as president of the Chamber (1997–1998, 1999–2000 and 2009–2010). Temer was also a member of the 1988 constituent assembly, which promulgated the current Constitution of Brazil. He became President of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), the largest party in Brazil.

Temer was the second Vice President of Lebanese origin, after José Maria Alkmin. His family originates from the town of Btaaboura in Koura District, near Tripoli in northern Lebanon.{{Cite magazine|first=Joe |last=Dyke |date=2 July 2014 |title=The most powerful Lebanese person alive |magazine=Executive Magazine |url=http://www.executive-magazine.com/business-finance/society/michel-temer-the-most-powerful-lebanese-person |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621014527/http://www.executive-magazine.com/business-finance/society/michel-temer-the-most-powerful-lebanese-person |archive-date=21 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news|first=Diogo |last=Bercito |date=4 May 2015 |title=Politicians of Lebanese descent flourish in Brazil |newspaper=The Daily Star |location=Lebanon |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/May-04/296677-politicians-of-lebanese-descent-flourish-in-brazil.ashx |url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505010424/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/May-04/296677-politicians-of-lebanese-descent-flourish-in-brazil.ashx |archive-date=5 May 2015 |url-status=live}}

File:Vice-presidente Michel Temer com Medalha Mérito Legislativo 07.jpg

In 2016, he was accused of having a lobbyist bribe others between 1997 and 2001 in ethanol deals through state-run oil company Petrobras. He was also under investigation for accepting more than $1.5 million in funds from construction company Camargo Correa, which works with Petrobras. Spreadsheets from the construction company listed Temer's name 21 times. The numbers next to his name added up to $345,000, which authorities alleged were bribes and which Temer said were legal campaign contributions.{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/05b443cf3bb74b5e8fdc36b83ac1c367|title=2 men in line for Brazilian presidency accused of corruption|work=Associated Press|publisher=2 men in line for Brazilian presidency accused of corruption|date=May 11, 2016}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.vox.com/2016/5/24/11760336/romero-juca-tape |title=A Brazilian Cabinet member was just caught on tape plotting to take down the president|work=Vox|access-date=2018-06-04}} The claim was dismissed by the courts, and Temer denied any wrongdoing. Temer has also been accused of electoral fraud; in 2016, he allegedly solicited $2.9m in illegal campaign donations in 2014. Part of investigation is into whether bribe money helped fund the 2014 campaign that saw Dilma Rousseff re-elected president with Temer as her running mate; Temer also denies this.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/12/brazil-president-michel-temer-illegal-campaign-donations|title=Brazil president Michel Temer accused of soliciting millions in illegal donations|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=2016-12-12|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-06-04}}

In 2017 Brazil's federal police said that investigators have found evidence the president received bribes to help businesses. A released video made by investigators shows Rodrigo Rocha Loures, former Temer aide, carrying a suitcase filled with about $150,000 in cash allegedly being sent from JBS S.A. to the president.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/21/brazil-police-claim-to-have-evidence-president-michel-temer-received-bribes|title=Brazil: police claim to have evidence President Michel Temer received bribes|agency=Associated Press|date=2017-06-21|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-06-04}}

In 2018, Brazilian Supreme Court Justice ordered Temer be included in an ongoing investigation into $3.07 million in illicit funds his Brazilian Democratic Party allegedly received from construction firm Odebrecht.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/21/brazil-police-claim-to-have-evidence-president-michel-temer-received-bribes|title=Brazil: police claim to have evidence President Michel Temer received bribes|agency=Associated Press|date=2017-06-21|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-06-04}}

According to leaked diplomatic cables, Temer provided information to the U.S. Embassy in Brazil in 2006. Temer is described as gaining the loyalty of lower class Brazilians by strengthening social programs and opposing Lula da Silva. The report has the status "sensitive but unclassified" with Temer stating that Lula da Silva "might finally begin to heed his friends on the left" and would "be led away from the orthodox macro-economic policies that have dominated his first term".{{Cite web|url=https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2016/05/13/wikileaks-michel-temer-era-informante-da-embaixada-americano/|title = Wikileaks: Michel Temer era informante da embaixada americana| date=13 May 2016 }}

In 2015 and 2016, Temer was involved in controversy as Dilma Rousseff's impeachment process unfolded. In December 2015, Temer sent a letter to the president complaining about his distance from government decisions. The letter began with the Latin proverb "Verba Volant, Scripta Manent" (spoken words fly, written words remain). Temer described the communication as a "personal" unburdening about various complaints against the president. He said Rousseff had made him look like a "decorative" vice president, not an active one, despite having been invited to support her government several times in the dialogue with Congress, a role he only accepted in 2015.

File:Posse Dilma 2010 9.jpg address as Vice President Temer and wife Marcela look on, 1 January 2011]]

The letter was commented on and mocked in Brazilian social media, with images depicting the vice president as a Christmas decoration, making fun of his use of Latin, and photos purporting to show the president laughing as she read the missive, among many other things. The president's office had no immediate comment on the images,{{Cite news|title=Brazil Vice President Sends Letter Criticizing President Dilma Rousseff |last1=Trevisani|first1=Paulo|last2=Jelmayer |first2=Rogerio|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=8 December 2015 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brazil-vice-president-sends-letter-criticizing-president-dilma-rousseff-1449576925|access-date=17 April 2016 |url-access=subscription}} but Rousseff condemned him as a traitor to her administration.{{Cite news|author=Romero, Simon |date=21 April 2016 |title=Brazil's Vice President, Unpopular and Under Scrutiny, Prepares to Lead |newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/world/americas/michel-temer-prepares-to-lead-brazil.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429110118/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/world/americas/michel-temer-prepares-to-lead-brazil.html?_r=0 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |url-status=live }}

In April 2016, an audio file of Temer was leaked to the media. In it, Temer speaks as if the impeachment process had already ended and he was the new president.{{Cite web|first1=Anna |last1=Edgerton |first2=Raymond |last2=Colitt |date=11 April 2016 |title=Leaked Brazil Tape Shows VP Temer Practicing Unity Address |website=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-11/brazil-s-vp-practices-national-unity-speech-in-leaked-audio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518100253/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-11/brazil-s-vp-practices-national-unity-speech-in-leaked-audio |archive-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=live }} "I don't want to generate false expectations," Temer said on the recordings, which were first published by Folha de S.Paulo on 23 May. "Let's not think that a possible change in government will solve everything in three or four months."

The leak came just hours before a special lower house committee was scheduled to vote whether to back the request to impeach the president, generating complaints and accusations of treachery and lack of support from a vice president conspiring against the elected president. Temer alleged it was sent incorrectly to a WhatsApp group of his party's representatives in Congress.

File:Presidência do Senado (17316399604).jpg (left) at a press conference with fellow PMDB member Renan Calheiros (middle) on 21 May 2015|left]]

As investigations following Operation Car Wash grew, allegations against members of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) began to arise. In December 2015, impeachment proceedings toward Temer were filed, though his fellow party member, President of the Chamber of Deputies Eduardo Cunha, blocked the movement and instead allowed impeachment proceedings against President Rousseff.{{cite news|title=Brazil Vice-President Michel Temer could face impeachment|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35970615|access-date=11 April 2016|work=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=5 April 2016}}

After a Supreme Court judge, Justice Mello, ruled Cunha's actions wrong, he suggested that Temer should face impeachment proceedings. Another attempt to impeach Temer{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/processo-de-impeachment-de-dilma/noticia/2016/04/ministro-do-stf-manda-cunha-iniciar-analise-do-impeachment-de-temer.html | title=STF manda Cunha dar andamento a pedido de impeachment de Temer |work=G1|publisher=Grupo Globo

|first=Renan|last=Ramalho |date=5 April 2016 |access-date=5 April 2016|language=pt}} began with the decision on 6 April 2016, by the president of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Cunha, to form a commission for termination analysis of liability for crime offered by attorney Mariel M. Marra. Four other requests for impeachment were presented to Cunha.{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2016/04/cunha-rejeita-pedido-de-impeachment-de-temer-feito-por-cid-gomes.html| title=Cunha rejeita pedido de impeachment de Temer feito por Cid Gomes|work=G1|publisher=Grupo Globo|first=Fernanda|last=Calgaro |date=5 April 2016 |access-date=5 April 2016|language=pt}}

Cunha, who was third in line for the presidency behind Temer, faced scrutiny for alleged money laundering uncovered in Operation Car Wash. On 5 May 2016, Cunha was suspended as speaker of the lower house by Brazil's Supreme Court due to allegations that he attempted to intimidate members of Congress, and obstructed investigations into his alleged receipt of bribes.{{Cite web|first=Márcio|last=Falcão|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2016/05/1768000-teori-afasta-eduardo-cunha-do-mandato-na-camara.shtml|title=Teori afasta Eduardo Cunha do mandato na Câmara|date=5 May 2016|work=Folha de S.Paulo|publisher=Grupo Folha|access-date=21 May 2016|language=pt}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/05/speaker-of-brazils-lower-house-eduardo-cunha-suspended|title=Speaker of Brazil's lower house Eduardo Cunha suspended|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=5 May 2016 |website=The Guardian|access-date=21 May 2016}}

On 17 May 2016, Justice Marco Aurélio Mello allowed the impeachment request to enter the agenda of the Supreme Federal Court plenary session.{{cite web |url=http://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2016/05/17/interna_politica,763428/pedido-de-impeachment-de-temer-e-liberado-para-entrar-na-pauta-do-stf.shtml |title=Pedido de impeachment de Temer é liberado para entrar na pauta do STF|date=17 May 2016|access-date=18 May 2016|work=Estado de Minas|publisher=Diários Associados|language=pt}}

File:Michel Temer Ministerial meeting.jpg, 13 May 2016]]

File:2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony 1035350-olimpiadas abertura-1328.jpg]]

In the early hours of 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate voted to accept Rousseff's impeachment. Per the Brazilian Constitution, Rousseff's powers were suspended and Temer became acting president. Temer was to serve as acting president for up to 180 days while the Senate decided whether to convict Rousseff and remove her from office, which would make Temer president for the remainder of her term, or to acquit her of crimes of responsibility charges and restore her presidential powers. Temer was awaiting a decision from the Supreme Federal Court to start an impeachment process against him.

On his first day as acting president, Vice President Temer appointed a new cabinet, reducing the number of ministries from 32 to 23.{{cite web |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2016/05/16/primeira-medida-provisoria-de-temer-reduz-de-32-para-23-o-numero-de-ministerios |title=Primeira Medida Provisória de Temer reduz de 32 para 23 o número de ministérios |publisher=Agência Senado |website= Senado Notícias| date=16 May 2016 |access-date= 19 June 2022}} Women's rights and Afro-Brazilian rights activists criticized the fact that all of the appointed ministers were white men, for the first time since 1979.{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shannonsims/2016/05/12/brazils-new-president-michel-temer-fills-cabinet-with-only-men/#3cfa2d3340c6|title=Brazil's New President Michel Temer Fills Cabinet With Only Men|last=Sims|first=Shannon|date=12 May 2016|website=Forbes|access-date=4 September 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/05/brazil-cabinet-rousseff-temer/483372/|title=Who's Missing From Brazil's Cabinet?|last=Koren|first=Marina|date=25 May 2016|website=The Atlantic|access-date=4 September 2016}}

On 2 June 2016, Temer received an eight-year ban from running for office after being convicted of violating election laws. This effectively ended any chance of Temer running for a full term as president in the 2018 election.{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/06/03/credibility-of-brazils-interim-president-collapses-receives-8-year-ban-on-running/|title=Credibility of Brazil's Interim President Collapses as He Receives 8-Year Ban on Running for Office|work=The Intercept|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|date=3 June 2016|access-date=10 September 2016}} It can be argued that he was already ineligible to run in 2018 in any event. Under the Constitution, the vice president becomes acting president whenever the president travels abroad. Due to the manner in which the Constitution's provisions on term limits are worded, whenever a vice president serves as acting president for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

On 30 June 2016, Temer sanctioned law 13303, which became known as Lei das Estatais ("State-owned enterprises law"), which sought to improve governance and control of Brazilian SOEs after the crisis of the Rousseff government, which saw Petrobras lose almost 90% of its market cap.{{cite web|url=https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2016/lei/l13303.htm|title=LEI Nº 13.303, DE 30 DE JUNHO DE 2016.|language=pt|publisher=planalto.gov.br|date=30 June 2016|access-date=17 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://m.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2015/09/1680869-sob-dilma-petrobras-ja-encolheu-us-200-bilhoes.shtml|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|date=12 September 2015|access-date=17 April 2023|title=Sob Dilma, Petrobras já encolheu US$ 200 bilhões|language=pt}} Under the new law, a series of measures were introduced to improve the transparency of SOEs as well as appointed council members and directors being required to have professional experience in the SOE's field.{{cite web|url=https://conlicitacao.com.br/lei-das-estatais/|title=Conheça a Lei das Estatais e suas principais características|language=pt|publisher=Conlicitação|date=8 February 2023|access-date=17 April 2023}}

As acting president, he opened the Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016 at the Maracanã Stadium.

{{Main|Presidency of Michel Temer}}

File:Michel Temer toma posse como presidente da República 1041351-31.08.2016 pzzb-3133 1.jpg during his inauguration in the National Congress, 31 August 2016|left]]

On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted to convict Rousseff, thereby removing her from office and making Temer President of Brazil. He would serve out the balance of Rousseff's second term, which finished on 31 December 2018.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-impeachment-idUSKCN114071|title=Brazil's Rousseff ousted by Senate, Temer sworn in|date=1 September 2016|work=Reuters|access-date=2 February 2017}} The vice-president position then became vacant, with the President of the Chamber of Deputies (at the time Rodrigo Maia) acting as the first constitutional substitute during his term.{{Cite web|url=http://english.tse.jus.br/arquivos/federal-constitution|title=Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, article 80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715024154/http://english.tse.jus.br/arquivos/federal-constitution|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}

In October 2016, the Constitution of Brazil was amended by deputies{{cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/ameriques/20161011-bresil-depenses-publiques-temer-20-ans|title=Le Brésil gèle ses dépenses publiques sur 20 ans|date=11 October 2016|work=RFI|publisher=Radio France Internationale|access-date=2 February 2017|language=fr}} to cap public spending, effectively frozen for twenty years, adjusted for inflation only. This measure was the subject of both praise and criticism among the Brazilian middle-class.{{cite web|url=http://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/politica/2016/08/tecnicos-e-parlamentares-criticam-pec-241-e-dizem-que-impacto-das-medidas-sera-nocivo-para-o-pais-4925.html|title=Técnicos e parlamentares alertam para desmonte do Estado com PEC 241|work=Rede Brasil Atual|access-date=2 February 2017|language=pt|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207161353/http://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/politica/2016/08/tecnicos-e-parlamentares-criticam-pec-241-e-dizem-que-impacto-das-medidas-sera-nocivo-para-o-pais-4925.html|url-status=dead}}

In November 2016, Marcelo Calero, Temer's former Minister of Culture, resigned, stating that Temer had pressured him to help an ally, government secretary Geddel Vieira Lima, who had invested in a development that was being delayed by a heritage preservation measure by allowing construction to go ahead in spite of said measure. Vieira Lima resigned on 25 November 2016, and opposition leaders stated that they would seek President Temer's impeachment over this incident.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/world/americas/brazil-president-temer-corruption.html|title=Brazil's President, Michel Temer, Embroiled in New Corruption Scandal|last=Romero|first=Simon|date=25 November 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited|issn=0362-4331|access-date=25 November 2016}} Temer denied the corruption allegations but admitted talking to Calero about the project.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-38100264|title=Brazil president Michel Temer accused of corruption|date=25 November 2016|newspaper=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=25 November 2016}}

File:Brics Leaders 2016.jpg leaders in Hangzhou, China, 3 September 2016. Left to right: Temer, Modi, Xi, Putin and Zuma]]

In December 2016, Marcelo Odebrecht confirmed paying bribes to President Temer.{{cite web|url=http://plus55.com/politics/2016/12/michel-temer-bribes-odebrecht|title=Odebrecht confirms paying bribes to President Michel Temer|work=plus55|date=14 December 2016|access-date=2 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

In March 2017, Temer decided to move to the vice presidential residence again. He had recent problems with the Brazilian Historical Heritage Institute due to the architectural changes he made to the Presidential Palace.{{Cite news|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/politica/iphan-manda-temer-tirar-rede-de-protecao-do-alvorada/|title=Iphan manda Temer tirar rede de proteção do Alvorada|date=9 March 2017|work=Veja.com|publisher=Grupo Abril |access-date=13 March 2017|language=pt-BR}}{{Cite news|first1=Tânia|last1=Monteiro|first2=Vera|last2=Rosa|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,iphan-manda-governo-tirar-rede-de-protecao-do-alvorada,70001692463|title=Iphan manda governo tirar rede de proteção do Alvorada |work=Estadão|publisher=Grupo Estado|access-date=13 March 2017|language=pt-BR}} In an interview to the Brazilian news magazine Veja he mentioned he could not sleep in the "ample rooms" and questioned the possibility of ghosts.{{Cite news|url=http://www.jb.com.br/pais/noticias/2017/03/11/sera-que-tem-fantasma-diz-temer-comentando-saida-do-palacio-da-alvorada/|title="Será que tem fantasma?", diz Temer comentando saída do Palácio da Alvorada|work=Jornal do Brasil|access-date=13 March 2017|language=pt-br}}{{Cite news|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/politica/temer-o-reformista/|title=Temer, o reformista|date=11 March 2017|work=Veja.com|publisher=Grupo Abril|access-date=13 March 2017|language=pt-BR}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.revistaforum.com.br/2017/03/12/em-entrevista-temer-diz-que-deixou-o-palacio-da-alvorada-por-medo-de-fantasma-nao-conseguia-dormir/|title=Em entrevista, Temer diz que deixou o Palácio da Alvorada por medo de fantasma: "Não conseguia dormir"|date=12 March 2017|website=Portal Fórum|access-date=13 March 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/mundo/2017/03/11/temer-rechaza-vivir-en-palacio-presidencial-por-fantasmas|title=Temer rechaza vivir en palacio presidencial por ¿fantasmas?|work=El Universal|access-date=13 March 2017|language=es}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/mundo/michel-temer-muda-palacio-presidencial-miedo-fantasmas-estallan-burlas_0_r1wCqXVjx.html|title=Michel Temer se muda del palacio presidencial por miedo a los fantasmas y estallan las burlas|website=Clarín|date=13 March 2017|location=Buenos Aires|language=es|access-date=13 March 2017}}{{Cite magazine|first=Tara|last=John|url=https://time.com/4699355/michel-temer-ghosts-alvorada/|title=Brazil's President Moved Out Because of 'Ghosts'|magazine=Time|access-date=13 March 2017}}

On 28 April 2017, trade unions called for a general strike against the pension and labor reforms proposed in his government,{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/04/29/97001-20170429FILWWW00027-greve-generale-au-bresil.php|title=Grève générale au Brésil|work=Le Figaro|access-date=19 May 2017|language=fr}} which saw shutdowns of various public services in state capitals and major cities.{{Cite news|url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/governo-temer-tem-aprovacao-de-9-e-reprovacao-de-61-diz-datafolha.ghtml|title=Governo Temer tem aprovação de 9% e reprovação de 61%, diz Datafolha|work=G1|publisher=Grupo Globo|access-date=22 August 2017|language=pt-BR}} The government announces the abolition of "popular pharmacies" for the summer of 2017. Created in 2004 under the presidency of Lula, they allowed the most disadvantaged to obtain low-cost medicines.{{Cite web|url=https://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/saude-e-ciencia/2017/06/governo-temer-anuncia-fim-de-todas-as-farmacias-populares-ate-agosto/|title=Governo Temer anuncia fim de todas as Farmácias Populares até agosto|date=7 June 2017}}

On 16 February 2018, Temer signed a law aimed at tackling the organised crime element in Rio de Janeiro, transferring full control of security to the military. The military will reportedly remain in control of security until 1 January 2019.{{cite news|title=Brazil's Military Is Put in Charge of Security in Rio de Janeiro|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/world/americas/brazil-rio-military-security.html|access-date=22 February 2018|agency=The New York Times|publisher=ERNESTO LONDONO and SHASTA DARLINGTON|date=16 February 2018}} The next day, Temer suggested establishing a Ministry of Public Security in the near future.{{cite web|title=Brazi's Temer Announces new security ministry to combat violence|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1471466/brazils-temer-announces-security-ministry-combat-violence|website=New Vision|access-date=22 February 2018}}

According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, extreme poverty increased by 11 per cent in 2017, while inequalities also increased again (the Gini index rose from 0.555 to 0.567). The reduction in the number of Bolsa Família beneficiaries decided by the government is the main cause, according to the study.{{Cite web|url=https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2018/04/12/pobreza-extrema-aumenta-11-no-ultimo-ano-economistas-culpam-trabalho-informal|title=Pobreza extrema aumenta 11% no último ano; economistas culpam trabalho informal|website=Brasil de Fato|date=12 April 2018 }}

On 17 May 2017, secretly taped recordings leaked by O Globo, a leading national newspaper, reveal the President discussing hush money pay-offs with Joesley Batista, the businessman who runs the country's biggest meat-packing firm JBS,

{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21722243-newspaper-revelations-put-brazils-reforms-risk-leaked-recordings-are-trouble-michel-temer

|title=A very meaty scandal. Leaked recordings are trouble for Michel Temer

|newspaper=The Economist

|access-date=19 May 2017

}}

{{cite web

|date=18 May 2017|first=Jonathan|last=Watts

|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/18/brazil-explosive-recordings-implicate-president-michel-temer-in-bribery

|title=Brazil: explosive recordings implicate President Michel Temer in bribery

|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 May 2017

}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-idUSKCN18D2XY|title=Brazil president taped discussing pay-off for witness in graft probe: O Globo|work=Reuters

|date=17 May 2017|access-date=19 May 2017

}}

{{cite web|first=Dom|last=Phillips|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/17/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer-joesley-batista-corruption.html|date=17 May 2017|title=Brazil President Endorsed Businessman's Bribes in Secret Tape, Newspaper Says|work=The New York Times|url-access=limited|access-date=28 May 2017}} prompting talk of trying again to impeach him.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brazils-temer-scandal-roils-markets-prompts-impeachment-talk-1495129224|title=Brazil Graft Probe Targets President, Markets Drop Amid Impeachment Talk|work=Wall Street Journal|date=19 May 2017|access-date=19 May 2017|url-access=subscription}}{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2017/05/25/brazilian-bar-association-seeks-impeachment-president-temer/|title=Brazilian Bar Association Seeks Impeachment Of President Temer|work=Channels Television |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=28 May 2017}}

On Wednesday 24 May 2017, while thousands of angry demonstrators marched towards Congress demanding Temer's resignation and immediate direct presidential elections, Temer sought to suppress a revolt within his own party.{{cite web|first1=Gabriel|last1=Shinohara|first2=Rachel|last2=Gamarski|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-05-24/ministry-torched-as-brazil-s-temer-faces-violence-party-mutiny|title=Ministry Torched as Brazil's Temer Faces Violence, Party Mutiny|work=Bloomberg Politics|date=25 May 2017|access-date=25 May 2017}}

{{cite news

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer.html

|title=Scandal in Brazil Raises Fear of Turmoil's Return

|author=Simon Romero

|date=May 19, 2017

|newspaper=New York Times

}}

File:Vladimir Putin and Michel Temer (2017-06-20) 04.jpg at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, 20 June 2017]]

Overwhelmed by protests, Temer deployed federal troops to the capital.

{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40038650|title=Brazil protests: Ministerial building set on fire during clashes|work=BBC News|date=24 May 2017|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=25 May 2017}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer-brasilia-protests.html?|first1=Simon|last1=Romero|first2=Dom|last2=Phillips|date=24 May 2017

|title=Brazil's President Deploys Federal Troops to Quell Protests

|work=The New York Times|url-access=limited

|access-date=25 May 2017

}}

Many photographs and testimonials taken during the protest show police violence, and officers shooting at demonstrators during the demonstration.

{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/25/brazil-police-protests-shooting-michel-temer|date=25 May 2017

|title=Brazil police accused of shooting at anti-government protesters|work=The Guardian|agency=The Associated Press|access-date=28 May 2017}} President Temer's refusal to resign made him increasingly unpopular and provoked not only a political stalemate but also uncertainty, plunging the country into crisis and amplifying the worst recession in its history.

{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Simon |date=2017-05-27 |title=Their Government in Chaos, Brazilians Fear the Joke Is on Them |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer-corruption.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527041253/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer-corruption.html |archive-date=2017-05-27 |access-date=2017-05-28 |work=The New York Times |location=Rio de Janeiro |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

{{cite web|first=Sam|last=Cowie|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/brazil-beleaguered-president-temer-refuses-resign-170518232558485.html|title= Brazil's beleaguered President Temer refuses to resign|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=28 May 2017}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/786a402e-41cf-11e7-9d56-25f963e998b2

|title= Coalition allies debate succession to Brazil's Temer

|work=Financial Times

|date= 27 May 2017

|access-date=28 May 2017

|url-access=subscription

|last1= Leahy

|first1= Joe

}}

On 9 June 2017, the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court voted 4–3 to acquit Temer and Rousseff of alleged illegal campaign funding in the 2014 election, thus allowing him to stay in office.

{{cite web

|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-brazils-electoral-court-temer-office-47949449

|title=The Latest: Brazil's electoral court keeps Temer in office

|work=ABC News | publisher=American Broadcasting Company

|date=9 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017

}}

{{cite web

|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-ruling-idUSKBN19033V

|title=Brazil electoral court dismisses case that could have ousted president

|work=Reuters|date=9 June 2017|access-date=18 June 2017

}}

Former Odebrecht Vice President Marcio Faria da Silva said in testimony given as part of a plea bargain that Temer asked him at a meeting to arrange a $40 million payment to Temer's party, the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). Faria said he met with Temer at his law office, and that speaker of the lower house Eduardo Cunha and Congressman Henrique Eduardo Alves were also present. The payment represented a 5% commission on a contract Odebrecht was seeking with the state-run oil company Petrobras, Faria said. Supreme Court Justice Luiz Edson Fachin made this and other testimony public, and ordered an investigation of more than 100 politicians implicated in bribes and kickbacks at state-run companies, particularly Petrobras.

{{cite news

|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-idUSKBN17F2CK

|title=Brazil's Temer calls $40 million Odebrecht bribe accusation 'a lie'

|date=13 April 2017

|access-date=22 July 2017

|first1=Lisandra|last1=Paraguassu

|first2=Pedro|last2=Fonseca

|work=Reuters

}}

File:Michel Temer and Donald Trump in Hamburg, July 2017.jpg during the 12th G20 summit in Germany, 8 July 2017]]

On 26 June 2017, Temer was charged by Prosecutor-General Rodrigo Janot with accepting bribes and Janot delivered the charges to the Supreme Federal Court.

{{cite web

|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/26/brazil-president-michel-temer-charged-with-corruption.html

|title=Brazil's top prosecutor charges President Michel Temer with corruption

|work=CNBC|agency=Reuters

|date=27 June 2017

}} The lower house was required to vote on the charges, which stemmed from allegations that he took $5 million in return for clearing up JBS tax problems and facilitating a loan. At the time, Temer still had the support of speaker of the lower house Rodrigo Maia, who possessed the power to accept or shelve a petition for impeachment.

The Federal Police (PF), who were forced by funding restrictions to disband before all investigations into the matter were complete, had recommended that Temer also be charged with obstruction of justice.

{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Dom |date=2017-06-27 |title=President Michel Temer of Brazil Is Charged With Corruption |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/world/americas/brazil-temer-corruption-charge-joesley-batista.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627023102/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/world/americas/brazil-temer-corruption-charge-joesley-batista.html |archive-date=2017-06-27 |access-date=2017-07-23 |work=The New York Times |location=Rio de Janeiro |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

{{cite news

|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/27/brazils-president-michel-temer-charged-over-alleged-corruption

|title=Brazil faces fresh turmoil after President Temer charged with corruption

|first=Jonathan|last=Watts

|work=The Guardian

|date=27 June 2017

|access-date=22 July 2017

}}

Torquato Jardim, who was Temer's third Justice Minister in 2017, had unsuccessfully attempted to change the leadership of the PF, and to implement a series of legislative initiatives focused on amnesty and changes to the code of criminal procedure.{{cite news|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/blog/helio-gurovitz/post/lava-jato-tem-futuro.html|work=G1|publisher=Grupo Globo|language=pt|first=Helio|last=Gurovitz|date=25 July 2017|access-date=25 July 2017|trans-title=The Uncertain Future of Lavo Jato|title=O futuro incerto da Lava Jato}}

In June 2017 Temer's approval rating stood at 7%, the lowest for any President of Brazil in more than thirty years. In a survey conducted by the IBOPE institute, between 24 and 26 July 81% of Brazilians favored the indictment of the President.{{cite news

|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2017/07/31/81-dos-eleitores-defendem-processo-contra-temer-diz-pesquisa-ibope.htm

|title=81% dos eleitores defendem processo contra Temer, diz pesquisa Ibope

|work=UOL Notícias Política

|publisher=Grupo Folha

|date=31 July 2017

|access-date=3 August 2017

}}

On 2 August, lawmakers in the lower house in Congress voted not to refer the case against the scandal-plagued President to the supreme court, which had the power to try him. Observers stated that the move to shield Temer further undermined the credibility of Brazil's political and electoral system.{{cite news

|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21725830-more-corruption-charges-may-follow-brazils-congress-decides-not-put-michel-temer-trial

|title=Brazil's congress decides not to put Michel Temer on trial

|newspaper=The Economist

|date=3 August 2017

|access-date=3 August 2017

}}{{cite news|first=Dom|last=Phillips|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/03/brazil-michel-temer-president-corruption-charges-vote|title=Brazil's president keeps job as congress votes against corruption charges|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017}}{{cite news

|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/07/temer-lula-rousseff-brazil-operation-carwash-corruption/535029/

|title=The Twilight of Brazil's Anti-Corruption Movement

|work=The Atlantic

|date=28 July 2017

|access-date=3 August 2017

}}

On 21 March 2019, Temer was arrested during the investigation into Operation Car Wash.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47657159|title=Brazilian ex-President Temer arrested|date=2019-03-21|access-date=2019-03-21|language=en-GB}} On March 25, a habeas corpus was issued on behalf of Temer by desembargador Antonio Ivan Athié.{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2019/03/25/trf2-determina-soltura-do-ex-presidente-michel-temer-e-solto.ghtml|title=TRF2 determines release of ex-President Michel Temer, Moreira Franco, Colonel Lima and 5 more|date=2019-03-25|access-date=2019-03-25}}

On 22 August 2017, Temer issued a decree to dissolve the "Reserva Nacional do Cobre e Associados" (Renca) Amazonian reserve in Brazil's northern states of Pará and Amapá, measuring 4 million hectares to allow mining by private companies and the conversion of forest into crops for agro-business companies."{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Watts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/24/brazil-abolishes-huge-amazon-reserve-in-biggest-attack-in-50-years|title=Brazil abolishes huge Amazon reserve in 'biggest attack' in 50 years|work=The Guardian|date=24 August 2017|access-date=6 November 2017}} After widespread criticism, the decree was revoked on 26 September.{{cite news|newspaper=O Globo|language=pt|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/decreto-que-revoga-extincao-da-renca-e-publicado.ghtml|title=Renca: governo revoga decreto que liberava mineração em Renca: governo revoga decreto que liberava mineração em reserva na AmazôniaRenca: governo revoga decreto que liberava mineração em reserva na Amazôniareserva na Amazônia}}

File:Dmitri Medvedev Presidente de Governo da Federação da Rússia.jpg in Moscow, June 2017]]

In an Ibope survey in September 2016, after approximately a month of President Temer's administration, 39% of Brazilians rated his administration "bad or terrible", while 14% considered it "great or good". 2,002 people were heard between 20 and 25 September, and the margin of error was two percentage points.{{cite web

| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-poll-idUSKCN1241M3?il=0

| title = Little improvement in Temer government's popularity: Brazil poll

| work = Reuters

| author = Anthony Boadle / Lisandra Paraguassu

| date = 4 October 2016

| access-date = 4 October 2016

}}

A poll by Datafolha in June 2018 showed 82% of Brazilians rating his administration "bad or very bad", the most of any president since the Brazilian transition to democracy.{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-10/former-army-captain-bolsonaro-edges-ahead-in-brazil-opinion-poll|title=Far-Right Jair Bolsonaro Edges Ahead in Brazil Opinion Poll|author=Gerson Freitas Jr|date=June 10, 2018|trans-title=Lebanese village of 'son Michel Temer' follows Greek Orthodox church|language=pt|publisher=Bloomberg}}

File:07-09-2017 - Desfile Cívico por ocasião do Dia da Pátria (37024411271).jpg, accompanied by their son Michel, attending the 2017 Independence Day parade in Brasília]]

Raised by Maronite parents, Temer identifies as a Catholic.{{Cite news |date=2016-05-08 |title=Vilarejo libanês do 'filho Michel Temer' segue igreja ortodoxa grega |trans-title=Lebanese village of 'son Michel Temer' follows Greek Orthodox church |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2016/05/1769102-vilarejo-libanes-do-filho-michel-temer-segue-igreja-ortodoxa-grega.shtml |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509103434/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2016/05/1769102-vilarejo-libanes-do-filho-michel-temer-segue-igreja-ortodoxa-grega.shtml |archive-date=2016-05-09 |access-date=2017-02-02 |work=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}

Temer and his first wife Maria Célia Toledo had three daughters: Luciana (1969), Maristela (1972), and Clarissa (1974).

Temer is also father to Eduardo (born in 1999 in London) with journalist Érica Ferraz.{{cite news |last1=Venceslau |first1=Pedro |last2=Pereira |first2=Pablo |date=12 May 2016 |title=Foco no poder e, agora, na própria biografia |trans-title=Focus on power and, now, on biography itself |url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,foco-no-poder-e-agora-na-propria-biografia,10000050674 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225201738/https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/foco-no-poder-e-agora-na-propria-biografia/ |archive-date=2022-12-25 |access-date=4 May 2018 |newspaper=Estadão |language=pt-BR}}{{cite news |last=Madueño |first=Denise |date=1999-03-26 |title=Filho de brasileiro nasce no exterior e fica sem nacionalidade |trans-title=Son of a Brazilian is born abroad and remains without nationality |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff26039926.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822214006/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff26039926.htm |archive-date=2018-08-22 |newspaper=Folha de S.Paulo |location=Brasília |language=pt-BR}}

In 2002, Temer met Marcela Tedeschi (born 1983), who was attending the annual political convention of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) with her uncle Geraldo, a Paulínia municipal employee.{{Cite news |last=Linhares |first=Juliana |date=2016-04-18 |title=Marcela Temer: bela, recatada e "do lar" |trans-title=Marcela Temer: beautiful, modest and “homely” |url=http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/bela-recatada-e-do-lar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420181244/http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/bela-recatada-e-do-lar |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2016-05-16 |work=Veja |language=pt-BR}} They married on 26 July 2003, in a small ceremony.{{cite web |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/210/reportagens/michel_temer.htm |title=Foi uma atração forte |publisher=IstoÉ Gente |date=11 August 2003 |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328011757/http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/210/reportagens/michel_temer.htm |url-status=dead }} In 2009, Marcela graduated with a law degree from Fadisp, a private school in São Paulo. In an interview, Marcela said she never took the licensing exam because of the birth of the couple's son Michel, also known by his nickname "Michelzinho".{{cite news |last=Bergamasco |first=Débora |date=3 January 2011 |title=Para Marcela Temer, diferença de idade para o marido não importa |trans-title=For Marcela Temer, age difference for her husband does not matter |url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,para-marcela-temer-diferenca-de-idade-para-o-marido-nao-importa,661445 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425163612/http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,para-marcela-temer-diferenca-de-idade-para-o-marido-nao-importa,661445 |archive-date=2016-04-25 |access-date=21 April 2016 |newspaper=Estadão |language=pt-BR}}{{cite web |url=http://dc.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticias/noticia/2016/04/entenda-a-polemica-apos-materia-com-perfil-de-marcela-temer-5783059.html |title=Entenda a polêmica após matéria com perfil de Marcela Temer |publisher=Diário Catarinense |date=20 April 2016 |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-date=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725031517/http://dc.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticias/noticia/2016/04/entenda-a-polemica-apos-materia-com-perfil-de-marcela-temer-5783059.html |url-status=dead }}

Below is a selected list of awards Temer has received:{{cite web|url=http://www2.camara.gov.br/a-camara/conheca/historia/Ex_presidentesCD_Republica/michel.html|title=Presidentes da Câmara dos Deputados – República – Michel Temer|access-date=7 November 2017|work=Portal da Câmara}}

• 2014 Brazilian economic crisis
• List of scandals in Brazil

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{{Notelist}}

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{{Commons category|Michel Temer}}

• {{cite web|title=Biography – Michel Temer, President of the Republic|url=http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/presidency/president/biography|website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil|date=27 May 2024 }}
• {{cite web|title=Vice-Presidente|url=http://www2.planalto.gov.br/vice-presidente/biografia-vice|website=Presidéncia da República Federativa do Brasil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228082747/http://www2.planalto.gov.br/vice-presidente/biografia-vice|archive-date=28 February 2014|language=pt}} Official biography and portrait as Vice President

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2009–2010}}

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{{s-ttl|title=President of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party|years=2001–2016}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Brazilian Democratic Movement Party nominee for
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{{s-aft|after=Germano Rigotto}}

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Category:1940 births

Category:20th-century Roman Catholics

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Category:Living people

Category:People from Tietê, São Paulo

Category:Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians

Category:Brazilian jurists

Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics

Category:Brazilian people of Lebanese descent

Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog

Category:Grand Officers of the Order of Prince Henry

Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour

Category:Presidents of Brazil

Category:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)

Category:University of São Paulo alumni

Category:Vice presidents of Brazil

Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned

Category:Candidates for Vice President of Brazil