Mile#Roman

The modern English word mile derives from Middle English {{lang|enm|myle}} and Old English {{lang|ang|mīl}}, which was cognate with all other Germanic terms for miles. These derived from the nominal ellipsis form of {{lang|la|mīlle passus}} 'mile' or {{lang|la|mīlia passuum}} 'miles', the Roman mile of one thousand paces.{{sfnp|OED|2002|loc="mile, n.¹"}}

The present international mile is usually what is understood by the unqualified term mile. When this distance needs to be distinguished from the nautical mile, the international mile may also be described as a land mile or statute mile.{{sfnp|AHD|2006|loc="mile, 1"}} In British English, statute mile may refer to the present international mile or to any other form of English mile since the 1593 Act of Parliament, which set it as a distance of {{nowrap|1,760 yards}}. Under American law, however, statute mile refers to the US survey mile.{{sfnp|Thompson|2008|loc=B.6.}} Foreign and historical units translated into English as miles usually employ a qualifier to describe the kind of mile being used but this may be omitted if it is obvious from the context, such as a discussion of the 2nd-century Antonine Itinerary describing its distances in terms of miles rather than Roman miles.

The mile has been variously abbreviated in English—with and without a trailing period—as "mi", "M", "ml", and "m".{{Cite web |url=https://www.czasopismologistyka.pl/artykuly-naukowe/send/338-artykuly-na-plycie-cd-2/8932-weintrit-history-of-the-nautical-mile |title=History of the Nautical Mile |last=Weintrit |first=Adam |date=24 October 2019 |website=Logistyka |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301104131/https://www.czasopismologistyka.pl/artykuly-naukowe/send/338-artykuly-na-plycie-cd-2/8932-weintrit-history-of-the-nautical-mile |archive-date=1 March 2018 }} The American National Institute of Standards and Technology now uses and recommends "mi" to avoid confusion with the SI metre (m) and millilitre (ml).{{sfnp|Butcher|2014|p=C-16}} However, derived units such as miles per hour or miles per gallon continue to be abbreviated as "mph" and "mpg" rather than "mi/h" and "mi/gal". In the United Kingdom, road signs use "m" as the abbreviation for mile though height and width restrictions also use "m" as the symbol for the metre, which may be displayed alongside feet and inches.{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/307152/draft-tsrgd-schedules.pdf |title=Road traffic: The traffic signs regulations and general directions 2015 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=20 September 2018 |archive-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921040502/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/307152/draft-tsrgd-schedules.pdf |url-status=live }} The BBC style holds that "there is no acceptable abbreviation for 'miles{{'"}} and so it should be spelled out when used in describing areas.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/article/art20130702112133541 "Numbers"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727165446/http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/article/art20130702112133541 |date=27 July 2018}} BBC

File:RomaForoRomanoMiliariumAureum.JPG, the zero-mile marker of the Roman road network, in the Roman Forum]]

{{anchor|Greek mile|Byzantine mile}}

The Roman mile ({{lang|la|{{linktext|mille passus}}}}, {{abbr|lit.|literally}} "thousand paces"; {{abbr|abbr.|abbreviated}} m.p.; also {{lang|la|milia passuum}}{{refn|group=n|A partitive genitive construction literally meaning "one thousand of paces".{{sfnp|Lease|1905|p=211}} }} and {{lang|la|mille}}) consisted of a thousand paces as measured by every other step—as in the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times.{{Cite journal |last1=Bassett |first1=David R. |last2=Mahar |first2=Matthew T. |last3=Rowe |first3=David A. |last4=Morrow |first4=James R. |date=2008 |title=Walking and Measurement |url=https://journals.lww.com/00005768-200807002-00004 |journal=Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |language=en |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=S529–S536 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c |issn=0195-9131|doi-access=free |pmid=18562970 }} When Roman legionaries were well-fed and harshly driven in good weather, they thus created longer miles. The distance was indirectly standardised by Agrippa's establishment of a standard Roman foot (Agrippa's own) in 29 BC,{{sfnp|Soren|1999|p=184}} and the definition of a pace as 5 feet. An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000 Roman feet. Surveyors and specialised equipment such as the decempeda and dioptra then spread its use.{{sfn|Shuttleworth}}

In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about {{convert|1618|yard|m ft mi}} in length, slightly less than the {{convert|1760.|yard|m ft}} of the modern international mile.{{sfnp|Smith|1875|p=762}}

In Hellenic areas of the Empire, the Roman mile ({{langx|grc|μίλιον}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|mílion}}) was used beside the native Greek units as equivalent to 8 stadia of 600 Greek feet. The {{lang|grc-Latn|mílion}} continued to be used as a Byzantine unit and was also used as the name of the zero mile marker for the Byzantine Empire, the Milion, located at the head of the Mese near Hagia Sophia.

The Roman mile spread throughout Europe, with its local variations giving rise to the different units.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Also arising from the Roman mile is the milestone. All roads radiated out from the Roman Forum throughout the Empire – 50,000 (Roman) miles of stone-paved roads. At every mile was placed a shaped stone. Originally, these were obelisks made from granite, marble, or whatever local stone was available. On these was carved a Roman numeral, indicating the number of miles from the centre of Rome – the Forum. Hence, one can know how far one is from Rome.{{cite book|author1=Lesley Adkins|author2=Roy A. Adkins|author3=Both Professional Archaeologists Roy A Adkins|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGY1Sqjwf8kC&pg=PA199|date=14 May 2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7482-2|pages=199–}}

The Italian mile ({{lang|it|miglio}}, {{abbr|pl.|plural}} {{lang|it|miglia}}) was traditionally considered a direct continuation of the Roman mile, equal to 1000 paces, although its actual value over time or between regions could vary greatly.{{sfnp|Zupko|1981|loc="Miglio"}} It was often used in international contexts from the Middle Ages into the 17th century{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFAwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA231|title={{sc|xxxiv}} On Fernel's Measure of a Degree, in reply to Mr. Galloway's Remarks|last=De Morgan |pages=230–233|journal=The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science|date=12 February 1842|publisher=Taylor & Francis|language=en|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120041931/https://books.google.com/books?id=TFAwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA231|url-status=live}} and is thus also known as the "geographical mile",{{Cite book|editor-last=Young|editor-first=Norwood|series=Murray's Handbooks|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGwPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29|title=Handbook for Rome and the Campagna|date=1908|publisher=E. Stanford|language=en|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120041931/https://books.google.com/books?id=SGwPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29|url-status=live}} although the geographical mile is now a separate standard unit.

{{Main|Arabic mile}}

The Arabic mile ({{lang|ar|الميل}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-mīl}}) was not the common Arabic unit of length; instead, Arabs and Persians traditionally used the longer parasang or "Arabic league". The Arabic mile was, however, used by medieval geographers and scientists and constituted a kind of precursor to the nautical or geographical mile. It extended the Roman mile to fit an astronomical approximation of 1 arcminute of latitude measured directly north-and-south along a meridian. Although the precise value of the approximation remains disputed, it was somewhere between 1.8 and 2.0 km.

{{See also|yard}}

The "old English mile" of the medieval and early modern periods varied but seems to have measured about 1.3 international miles (2.1 km).{{sfnp|Andrews|2003|p=70}}{{sfnp|Evans|1975|p=259}} The old English mile varied over time and location within England.{{sfnp|Evans|1975|p=259}} The old English mile has also been defined as 79,200 or 79,320 inches (1.25 or 1.2519 statute miles).{{sfnp|Chaney|1911|p=484}} The English long continued the Roman computations of the mile as 5,000 feet, 1,000 paces, or 8 longer divisions, which they equated with their "furrow's length" or furlong.{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}}

The origins of English units are "extremely vague and uncertain",{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} but seem to have been a combination of the Roman system with native British and Germanic systems both derived from multiples of the barleycorn.{{refn|group=n|The {{c.|lk=no|1300}} Composition of Yards and Perches, a statute of uncertain date usually reckoned as an enactment of Edward I{{sfn|NPL}} or II,{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} notionally continued to derive English units from three barleycorns "dry and round" to the inch{{sfn|NPL}} and this statute remained in force until the 1824 Weights and Measures Act establishing the Imperial system. In practice, official measures were verified using the standards at the Exchequer or simply ignored.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=37}}}} Probably by the reign of Edgar in the 10th century, the nominal prototype physical standard of English length was an arm-length iron bar (a yardstick) held by the king at Winchester;{{sfn|NPL}}{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} the foot was then one-third of its length. Henry I was said to have made a new standard in 1101 based on his own arm.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} Following the issuance of Magna Carta in 1215, the barons of Parliament directed John and his son to keep the king's standard measure ({{lang|la|Mensura Domini Regis}}) and weight at the Exchequer,{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} which thereafter verified local standards until its abolition in the 19th century. New brass standards are known to have been constructed under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=4}}

Arnold's {{c.|lk=no|1500}} Customs of London recorded a mile shorter than previous ones, coming to 0.947 international miles (5,000 feet) or 1.524 km.{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}}

{{Redirect|Statute mile|the current statute mile in the United Kingdom|#International|the statute mile in the United States|#US survey}}

{{anchor|Statute mile}}

The English statute mile was established by a Weights and Measures Act of Parliament in 1593 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The act on the Composition of Yards and Perches had shortened the length of the foot and its associated measures, causing the two methods of determining the mile to diverge.{{sfnp|Zupko|1977|pp=10–11, 20–21}} Owing to the importance of the surveyor's rod in deeds and surveying undertaken under Henry VIII,{{sfnp|Burke|1978|loc=Ch. 9}} decreasing the length of the rod by {{frac|1|11}} would have amounted to a significant tax increase. Parliament instead opted to maintain the mile of 8 furlongs (which were derived from the rod) and to increase the number of feet per mile from the old Roman value.{{sfnp|Adams|1990}} The applicable passage of the statute reads: "A Mile shall contain eight Furlongs, every Furlong forty Poles,{{refn|group=n|"Pole" being another name for the rod.}} and every Pole shall contain sixteen Foot and {{not a typo|an}} half."{{refn|Act 35 {{abbr|Eliz. I|Elizabeth I}} {{abbr|cap.|Chapter}} 6, {{abbr|s.|section}} 8.{{cite book|title=Statutes at large from the first year of King Edward the fourth to the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KZFAAAAcAAJ |access-date=29 November 2011|volume=II |year=1763|page=676}}}} The statute mile therefore contained 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards.{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}} The distance was not uniformly adopted. Robert Morden had multiple scales on his 17th-century maps which included continuing local values: his map of Hampshire, for example, bore two different "miles" with a ratio of {{nowrap|1 : 1.23}}{{sfnp|Norgate|1998}} and his map of Dorset had three scales with a ratio of {{nowrap|1 : 1.23 : 1.41}}.{{sfnp|Morden|1695}} In both cases, the traditional local units remained longer than the statute mile. The English statute mile was superseded in 1959 by the international mile by international agreement.

The Welsh mile ({{lang|cy|milltir}} or {{lang|cy|milldir}}) was 3 statute miles and 1,470 yards long (6.17 km). It comprised 9,000 paces ({{lang|cy|cam}}), each of 3 Welsh feet ({{lang|cy|troedfedd}}) of 9 inches ({{lang|cy|modfeddi}}).{{sfnp|Owen|1841|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA90 Book II, Ch. XVII, §5]}} (The Welsh inch is usually reckoned as equivalent to the English inch.) Along with other Welsh units, it was said to have been codified under Dyfnwal the Bald and Silent and retained unchanged by Hywel the Good.{{sfnp|Owen|1841|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA89 Book II, Ch. XVII, §2]}} Along with other Welsh units, it was discontinued following the conquest of Wales by Edward I of England in the 13th century.

File:Edinburgh High Street.JPG's "Royal Mile"—running from the castle to Holyrood Abbey—is roughly a Scots mile long.{{cite book|title=Edinburgh 2000 visitors' guide|publisher=Collins|year=1999|page=31|isbn=978-0-004-49017-5}}]]

The Scots mile was longer than the English mile,{{cite book |chapter=mile |title=Dictionary of the Scottish Language – Scottish National Dictionary |chapter-url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/mile_n1 |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804010338/https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/mile_n1 |url-status=live }} as mentioned by Robert Burns in the first verse of his poem "Tam o' Shanter". It comprised 8 (Scots) furlongs divided into 320 falls or faws (Scots rods).{{cite book |chapter=fall, faw |title=Dictionary of the Scottish Language – Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue |chapter-url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/fall_n_1 |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804012402/https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/fall_n_1 |url-status=live }} It varied from place to place but the most accepted equivalencies are 1,976 Imperial yards (1.123 statute miles or 1.81 km).

It was legally abolished three times: first by a 1685 act of the Scottish Parliament,{{Cite web|place=Edinburgh|date=23 April 1685|id=APS viii: 494 c.59|title=Act for a standard of miles|website=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland|url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1685/4/83|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044550/https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1685/4/83|url-status=live}} again by the 1707 Treaty of Union with England,{{Cite web|title=Act ratifying and approving the treaty of union of the two kingdoms of Scotland and England|date=3 October 1706|place=Edinburgh|website=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland|url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1706/10/257|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044539/https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1706/10/257|url-status=live}} and finally by the Weights and Measures Act 1824. It had continued in use as a customary unit through the 18th century but had become obsolete by its final abolition.

{{Main|Irish mile}}

File:Milestone, Mountbellow (geograph 5365674).jpg Bridge, erected {{Circa|1760}}. Distances are given in Irish miles.]]

The Irish mile ({{lang|ga|míle}} or {{lang|ga|míle Gaelach}}) measured 2,240 yards: approximately 1.27 statute miles or 2.048 kilometres.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc=[http://www.ibiblio.org/units/ "Irish mile"]}}{{cite web|author=Ordnance Survey Ireland |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx#faq7 |access-date=17 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228155031/http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx |archive-date=28 February 2012 |author-link=Ordnance Survey Ireland }} It was used in Ireland from the 16th century plantations until the 19th century, with residual use into the 20th century. The units were based on "English measure" but used a linear perch measuring {{convert|7|yard|metre}} as opposed to the English rod of {{convert|5.5|yard|metre}}.

File:Mercator scale.png. The scalebar is expressed in "Hours walking or common Flemish miles", and includes three actual scales: small, medium and big Flemish miles.]]

The Dutch mile ({{lang|nl|mijl}}) has had different definitions throughout history. One of the older definitions was 5,600 ells. But the length of an ell was not standardised, so that the length of a mile could range between 3,280 m and 4,280 m. In the sixteenth century, the Dutch had three different miles: small ({{lang|nl|kleine}}), medium ({{lang|nl|middelbaar/gemeen}}), and large ({{lang|nl|groote}}). The Dutch {{lang|nl|kleine}} mile had the historical definition of one hour's walking ({{lang|nl|uur gaans}}), which was defined as 24 stadia, 3000 paces, or 15,000 Amsterdam or Rhineland feet (respectively 4,250 m or 4,710 m). The common Dutch mile was 32 stadia, 4,000 paces, or 20,000 feet (5,660 m or 6,280 m). The large mile was defined as 5000 paces.{{cite book |last1=Apian |first1=Petrus |title=Cosmographie, oft Beschryvinghe der geheelder werelt |date=1545 |publisher=de Bonte |page=xvii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDNhAAAAcAAJ |access-date=18 November 2023}} The common Dutch mile was preferred by mariners, equating with 15 to one degree of latitude or one degree of longitude on the equator. This was originally based upon Ptolemy's underestimate of the Earth's circumference. The ratio of 15 Dutch miles to a degree remained fixed while the length of the mile was changed as with improved calculations of the circumference of the Earth. In 1617, Willebrord Snellius calculated a degree of the circumference of the Earth at 28,500 {{lang|nl|Rijnlantsche Roeden}} (within 3.5% of the actual value), which resulted in a Dutch mile of 1900 rods.{{cite book |last1=Metius |first1=Adriaan Adriaansz |title=Fundamentale onderwijsinghe, aengaende de fabrica en het veelvoudigh gebruyck van het Astrolabium, soo catholicum als particulier |date=1627 |publisher=gedr. bij U. Balck |location=Netherlands |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1Wb9345orwC |access-date=18 November 2023}} By the mid-seventeenth century, map scales assigned 2000 rods to the common Dutch mile, which equalled around 7,535 m (reducing the discrepancy with latitude measurement to less than 2%). The metric system was introduced in the Netherlands in 1816, and the metric mile became a synonym for the kilometre, being exactly 1,000 m. Since 1870, the term {{lang|nl|mijl}} was replaced by the equivalent {{lang|nl|kilometer}}. Today, the word {{lang|nl|mijl}} is no longer used, except as part of certain proverbs and compound terms like {{lang|nl|mijlenver}} ("miles away").

{{anchor|German mile|Austrian mile|Danish mile}}

File:Wegmasse1.png"]]

The German mile ({{lang|de|Meile}}) was 24,000 German feet. The standardised Austrian mile used in southern Germany and the Austrian Empire was 7.586 km; the Prussian mile used in northern Germany was 7.5325 km. Following its standardisation by Ole Rømer in the late 17th century, the Danish mile ({{lang|da|mil}}) was precisely equal to the Prussian mile and likewise divided into 24,000 feet.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="mil 4"}} These were sometimes treated as equivalent to 7.5 km. Earlier values had varied: the {{lang|da|Sjællandske miil}}, for instance, had been 11.13 km. The Germans also used a longer version of the geographical mile.

{{anchor|Breslau mile}}

The Breslau mile, used in Breslau, and from 1630 officially in all of Silesia, equal to 11,250 ells, or about 6,700 meters. The mile equaled the distance from the Piaskowa Gate all the way to Psie Pole (Hundsfeld). By rolling a circle with a radius of 5 ells through Piaskowa Island, Ostrów Tumski and suburban tracts, passing eight bridges on the way, the standard Breslau mile was determined.{{Cite book|title=Encyklopedia Wrocławia|date=2000|publisher=Wydawn. Dolnośląskie|editor1=Jan Harasimowicz |editor2=Włodzimierz Suleja|isbn=83-7023-749-5|edition=Wyd. 1|location=Wrocław|oclc=46420892}}{{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|title=Mikrokosmos : portret miasta środkowoeuropejskiego: Vratislava, Breslau, Wrocław|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn. Znak|others=Roger Moorhouse, Andrzej Pawelec|isbn=83-240-0172-7|edition=Wyd. 1|location=Kraków|oclc=50928641}}

The Saxon post mile ({{lang|de|kursächsische Postmeile}} or {{lang|de|Polizeimeile}}, introduced on occasion of a survey of the Saxon roads in the 1700s, corresponded to 2,000 Dresden rods, equivalent to 9.062 kilometres.{{cite web | url = http://www.poststrassen-erleben.de/geschichten/historie-der-postsaeulen.html | title = Historie der Postsäulen | publisher = Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e.V. und 1. Sächsischer Postkutschenverein e.V. | language = de | access-date = 5 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170205182410/http://www.poststrassen-erleben.de/geschichten/historie-der-postsaeulen.html | archive-date = 5 February 2017 }}

{{anchor|Hungarian mile}}

The Hungarian mile ({{lang|hu|mérföld}} or {{lang|hu|magyar mérföld}}) varied from 8.3790 km to 8.9374 km before being standardised as 8.3536 km.

{{anchor|Portuguese mile|Brazilian mile}}

The Portuguese mile ({{lang|pt|milha}}) used in Portugal and Brazil was 2.0873 km prior to metrication.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="milha"}}

{{anchor|Russian mile}}

The Russian mile ({{lang|ru|миля}} or {{lang|ru|русская миля}}, {{lang|ru-Latn|russkaya milya}}) was 7.468 km, divided into 7 versts.

{{Anchor|Mile}}

{{anchor|Croatian mile}} The Croatian mile ({{lang|hr|hrvatska milja}}), first devised by the Jesuit Stjepan Glavač on a 1673 map, is the length of an arc of the equator subtended by {{sfrac|10}}° or 11.13 km exactly.{{in lang|hr}} [http://public.carnet.hr/zuh/do1874/nv17/nv17_11.htm "Centuries of Natural Science in Croatia : Theory and Application"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102203839/http://public.carnet.hr/zuh/do1874/nv17/nv17_11.htm |date=2 January 2009 }}. Kartografija i putopisi.{{cite journal|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/170966|title=Hrvatska milja na starim kartama|trans-title=The Croatian Mile on Old Maps|journal=Kartografija I Geoinformacije|location=Zagreb|publisher=Croatian Cartographic Society|volume=15|issue=25|year=2016|last1=Viličić|first1=Marina|last2=Lapaine|first2=Miljenko|pages=4–22|language=hr,en|format=PDF|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708152342/https://hrcak.srce.hr/170966|url-status=live}} The previous Croatian mile, now known as the "ban mile" ({{lang|hr|banska milja}}), had been the Austrian mile given above.{{cite magazine|url=http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/232/Mrvice%20s%20banskoga%20stola/|title=Mrvice s banskoga stola|last=Opačić|first=Nives|magazine=Vijenac|issue=232|date=23 February 2003|location=Zagreb|publisher=Matica hrvatska|language=hr|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214030504/http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/232/Mrvice%20s%20banskoga%20stola/|url-status=dead}}

The Ottoman mile was 1,894.35 m, which was equal to 5,000 Ottoman foot. After 1933, the Ottoman mile was replaced with the modern Turkish mile (1,853.181 m).

The CJK Compatibility Unicode block contains square-format versions of Japanese names for measurement units as written in katakana script.

Among them, there is {{unichar|3344}}, after {{lang|ja|マイル}} {{transl|ja|mairu}}.

The international mile is precisely equal to {{val|1.609344|u=km}} (or {{sfrac|25146|15625}} km as a fraction).{{refn|1,760 yards × 0.9144 m/yard.{{Citation |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72/schedules |title=Weights & Measures Act of 1985 |contribution=Schedule I, Part VI |access-date=7 July 2011 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127060936/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72/schedules |url-status=live }}.}} It was established as part of the 1959 international yard and pound agreement reached by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa,{{sfnp|Barbrow|1976|pp=16–17, 20}} which resolved small but measurable differences that had arisen from separate physical standards each country had maintained for the yard.{{sfnp|Bigg|1964}} As with the earlier statute mile, it continues to comprise 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet.

The old Imperial value of the yard was used in converting measurements to metric values in India in a 1976 Act of the Indian Parliament.{{Cite web|title=The Standards of Weights and Measures Act

| id = Act No. 60 of 1976

| author= Parliament of India

| date = 8 April 1976

|url=http://202.54.104.236/intranet/eip/legislation/uploads/THE%2520STANDARDS%2520OF%2520WEIGHTS%2520AND%2520MEASURES%2520ACT%25201976.pdf|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112174359/http://202.54.104.236/intranet/eip/legislation/uploads/THE%2520STANDARDS%2520OF%2520WEIGHTS%2520AND%2520MEASURES%2520ACT%25201976.pdf |archive-date=12 November 2009 }} However, the current National Topographic Database of the Survey of India is based on the metric WGS-84 datum,Survey of India, "[http://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/tenders/nationalmappolicy/nationalmappolicy.pdf National Map Policy – 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331035549/http://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/tenders/nationalmappolicy/nationalmappolicy.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }}". which is also used by the Global Positioning System.

The difference from the previous standards was 2 ppm, or about 3.2 millimetres ({{frac|8}} inch) per mile. The US standard was slightly longer and the old Imperial standards had been slightly shorter than the international mile. When the international mile was introduced in English-speaking countries, the basic geodetic datum in America was the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). This had been constructed by triangulation based on the definition of the foot in the Mendenhall Order of 1893, with 1 foot = {{sfrac|1200|3937}} (≈0.304800609601) metres and the definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the US survey foot to distinguish it from the international foot.{{sfnp|Astin|1959}}When reading the document it helps to bear in mind that 999,998 = 3,937 × 254. Thus a survey mile = {{sfrac|1200|3937}} × 5280 (≈1609.347218694) metres. An international mile = 1609.344 / ({{sfrac|1200|3937}} × 5280) (=0.999998) survey miles.

The exact length of the land mile varied slightly among English-speaking countries until the international yard and pound agreement in 1959 established the yard as exactly 0.9144 metres, giving a mile of exactly 1,609.344 metres. The US adopted this international mile for most purposes, but retained the pre-1959 mile for some land-survey data, terming it the U. S. survey mile. In the United States, statute mile normally refers to the survey mile,[http://www.convertunits.com/from/mile+%5Bstatute%5D/to/mile+%5Bstatute,+US%5D Convert mile [statute] to mile [statute, US]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220024313/http://www.convertunits.com/from/mile+[statute]/to/mile+[statute,+US] |date=20 February 2015 }} "1 metre is equal to {{val|0.000621371192237}} mile [statute], or {{val|0.000621369949495}} mile [statute, US]. ... The U.S. statute mile (or survey mile) is defined by the survey foot. This is different from the international statute mile, which is defined as exactly 1609.344 metres. The U.S. statute mile is defined as 5,280 U.S. survey feet, which is around {{val|1609.347219}} metres." about 3.219 mm ({{frac|1|8}} inch) longer than the international mile (the international mile is exactly 0.0002% less than the US survey mile).

While many countries abandoned the mile when switching to the metric system, the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia, Myanmar,:File:Naypyitaw Tollbooth.jpg the United Kingdom{{cite legislation UK | type = si | year = 1995 | number = 1804 | si = The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 |url = http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804/made?view=plain}} and the United States.[http://www.iihs.org/laws/speedlimits.aspx Maximum posted speed limits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923192742/http://www.iihs.org/laws/speedlimits.aspx |date=23 September 2011 }} (US) IIHS. Retrieved 14 September 2011 It is also used in a number of territories with less than a million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories, or have close historical ties with the UK or US: American Samoa,{{cite news |last=Hayner |first=Jeff |url=http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/69174 |title=ASAA planning 1.2-mile swim in Pago Pago harbor |publisher=Samoa News |date=29 November 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202845/http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/69174 |url-status=live }} Bahamas,{{cite web |url=http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33732:new-providence-cycling-association-calendar-of-events-for-september&catid=41:sports&Itemid=50 |title=The Nassau Guardian |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201629/http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33732:new-providence-cycling-association-calendar-of-events-for-september&catid=41:sports&Itemid=50 }} Belize,{{cite web |author=Jerome Williams |url=http://amandala.com.bz/news/pawpa-brown-race-results/ |title=Pawpa Brown Race results |publisher=Amandala.com.bz |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201039/http://amandala.com.bz/news/pawpa-brown-race-results/ |url-status=live }} British Virgin Islands,{{cite web |url=http://bvibeacon.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3442%3Amt-bikers-compete-in-anegada&Itemid=60 |title=Mt. bikers compete in Anegada |publisher=Bvibeacon.com |date=8 May 2013 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200833/http://bvibeacon.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3442%3Amt-bikers-compete-in-anegada&Itemid=60 |url-status=live }} Cayman Islands,{{cite web |url=http://www.compasscayman.com/story.aspx?id=125193 |title=Paddling 300 miles for NCVO |work=Cayman Compass |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201142/http://www.compasscayman.com/story.aspx?id=125193 |archive-date=29 October 2013 }} Dominica, Falkland Islands,{{cite web|url=http://www.penguin-news.com/index.php/news/sport/item/593-bronze-medal-for-falklands-football-at-island-games-in-bermuda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924070910/http://www.penguin-news.com/index.php/news/sport/item/593-bronze-medal-for-falklands-football-at-island-games-in-bermuda |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title=Bronze medal for Falklands football at Island Games in Bermuda |publisher=Penguin-news.com |date=24 July 2013 |access-date=18 January 2014 }} Grenada,{{cite web|url=http://www.spicegrenada.com/index.php/14-new-today-roundup/26-find-the-culprit-editorial |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130916033845/http://www.spicegrenada.com/index.php/14-new-today-roundup/26-find-the-culprit-editorial |archive-date=16 September 2013 |title=Find the culprit!!! |publisher=Spicegrenada.com |access-date=18 January 2014 }} Guam,{{cite web|url=http://www.guampdn.com/article/20120306/NEWS01/120306010/UPDATE-Navy-evacuates-patient-from-cruise-ship-50-miles-off-Guaml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130916033924/http://www.guampdn.com/article/20120306/NEWS01/120306010/UPDATE-Navy-evacuates-patient-from-cruise-ship-50-miles-off-Guaml |archive-date=16 September 2013 |title=Navy evacuates patient from cruise ship 50 miles off Guam |work=Pacific Daily News |date=9 March 2013 |access-date=18 January 2014 }} The N. Mariana Islands,{{Cite web|date=2013-09-23|title=Saipan Tribune.|url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=138785|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923035828/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=138785 |archive-date=23 September 2013 }} Samoa,{{Cite web|date=2013-09-23|title=When you need to go|url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/4459-when-you-need-to-go|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923054442/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/4459-when-you-need-to-go |archive-date=23 September 2013 }} St. Lucia,{{cite web|url=http://www.thevoiceslu.com/let_and_op/2008/feburary/09_02_08/What_we_can_do_about_oil.htm |title=The Voice – The national newspaper of St. Lucia since 1885 |publisher=Thevoiceslu.com |date=8 February 2008 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204340/http://www.thevoiceslu.com/let_and_op/2008/feburary/09_02_08/What_we_can_do_about_oil.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }} St. Vincent & The Grenadines,{{cite web |url=http://searchlight.vc/peace-corps-volunteer-runs-miles-from-petit-bordel-to-georgetown-p36364-82.htm |title=Peace Corps Volunteer runs 49 miles from Petit Bordel to Georgetown |publisher=Searchlight.vc |date=16 December 2011 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202523/http://searchlight.vc/peace-corps-volunteer-runs-miles-from-petit-bordel-to-georgetown-p36364-82.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }} St. Helena,{{cite web |url=http://sthelenaonline.org/2012/10/08/my-big-walk/ |title=And I would walk 50 miles... |publisher=Sthelenaonline.org |date=7 October 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322095732/http://sthelenaonline.org/2012/10/08/my-big-walk/ |archive-date=22 March 2014 }} St. Kitts & Nevis,{{cite web |url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2012/09/28/commentary.html |title=104 Square Miles, but is it ours? |publisher=The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201163818/http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2012/09/28/commentary.html |archive-date=1 February 2013 }} the Turks & Caicos Islands,{{cite web |url=http://suntci.com/provo-has-a-new-club-p142-106.htm |title=Provo has a new club |publisher=Suntci.com |date=15 July 2009 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205243/http://suntci.com/provo-has-a-new-club-p142-106.htm |url-status=live }} and the US Virgin Islands.{{cite news|author=AARON GRAY (Daily News Staff) |url=http://virginislandsdailynews.com/sports/butler-outduels-archrival-to-win-8-tuff-miles-1.1277646 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130916040357/http://virginislandsdailynews.com/sports/butler-outduels-archrival-to-win-8-tuff-miles-1.1277646 |archive-date=16 September 2013 |title=Butler outduels archrival to win 8 Tuff Miles |newspaper=Virgin Islands Daily News |date=27 February 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014 }}

The mile is even encountered in Canada, though this is predominantly in rail transport and horse racing, as the roadways have been metricated since 1977.{{Cite web|last=Branch|first=Legislative Services|date=2021-04-19|title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Weights and Measures Act|url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-2.html|access-date=2023-03-10|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044527/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-2.html|url-status=live}}{{pb}}Act current to 18 January 2012. Canadian units (5) The Canadian units of measurement are as set out and defined in Schedule II, and the symbols and abbreviations therefor are as added pursuant to subparagraph 6(1)(b)(ii).[http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-15.html/ Weights and Measures Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016084035/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-15.html/ |date=16 October 2012 }}{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Transportation Safety Board of Canada|date=2011-10-26|title=Railway Investigation Report R10E0096 - Transportation Safety Board of Canada|url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/2010/r10e0096/r10e0096.html|access-date=2023-03-10|website=www.tsb.gc.ca|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914190153/https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/2010/r10e0096/r10e0096.html|url-status=live}}{{pb}}February 2012, Rail Report – 2010 – Report Number R10E0096. Other Factual Information (See Figure 1). 2. Assignment 602 travelled approximately 12 car lengths into track VC-64 and at a speed of 9 mph struck a stationary cut of 46 empty cars (with the air brakes applied) that had been placed in the track about {{frac|2|1|2}} hours earlier. Canadian railways have not been metricated and therefore continue to measure trackage in miles and speed in miles per hour.[http://www.hastingspark.com/racing/factbook.aspx Hastings Racecourse Fact Book] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418172501/http://www.hastingspark.com/racing/factbook.aspx |date=18 April 2012 }} Like Canadian railways, Canadian race tracks have not been metricated and continue to measure distance in miles, furlongs, and yards (see page 18 of the fact book). Ireland gradually replaced miles with kilometres, including in speed measurements; the process was completed in 2005.

{{For|the detailed calculations of international miles to survey miles and feet (above)|#International}}

The US survey mile is 5,280 US survey feet, or 1,609.347 metres and 0.30480061 metres respectively.{{cite web |title=Appendix E. General Tables of Units of Measurement |url=https://www.nist.gov/document-2382 |access-date=14 January 2020}} (links to a Microsoft Word document) Both are very slightly longer than the international mile and international foot. In the United States, the term statute mile formally refers to the survey mile,{{sfnp|Thompson|2008|loc=B.6.}} but for most purposes, the difference of less than {{convert|1/8|in|mm}} between the survey mile and the international mile (1609.344 metres exactly) is insignificant—one international mile is {{val|0.999998}} US survey miles—so statute mile can be used for either. But in some cases, such as in the US State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCSs), which can stretch over hundreds of miles,{{cite web | title = What are the 'official' conversions that are used by NGS to convert 1) metres to inches, and 2) metres to feet? | url = http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#Feet | id = Frequently Asked Questions about the National Geodetic Survey | author = US National Geodetic Survey | access-date = 16 May 2009 | archive-date = 5 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054504/http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#Feet | url-status = live }} the accumulated difference can be significant, so it is important to note that the reference is to the US survey mile.

The United States redefined its yard in 1893, and this resulted in US and Imperial measures of distance having very slightly different lengths.

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which replaced the NAD27, is defined in metres. State Plane Coordinate Systems were then updated, but the National Geodetic Survey left individual states to decide which (if any) definition of the foot they would use. All State Plane Coordinate Systems are defined in metres, and 42 of the 50 states only use the metre-based State Plane Coordinate Systems. However, eight states also have State Plane Coordinate Systems defined in feet, seven of them in US survey feet and one in international feet.

State legislation in the US is important for determining which conversion factor from the metric datum is to be used for land surveying and real estate transactions, even though the difference (2 ppm) is hardly significant, given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile). Twenty-four states have legislated that surveying measures be based on the US survey foot, eight have legislated that they be based on the international foot, and eighteen have not specified which conversion factor to use.

SPCS 83 legislation refers to state legislation that has been passed or updated using the newer 1983 NAD data. Most states have done so. Two states, Alaska and Missouri, and two jurisdictions, Guam and Puerto Rico, do not specify which foot to use. Two states, Alabama and Hawaii, and four jurisdictions, Washington, DC, US Virgin Islands, American Samoa and Northern Mariana Islands, do not have SPCS 83 legislation.

In October 2019, US National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to retire the US survey foot and US survey mile, as permitted by their 1959 decision, with effect on January 1, 2023.{{cite web |title=NGS and NIST to Retire U.S. Survey Foot after 2022 |url=https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/news/us-survey-foot.shtml |publisher=National Geodetic Survey |access-date=4 March 2020 |date=31 October 2019 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527213329/https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/news/us-survey-foot.shtml |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=U.S. Survey Foot: Revised Unit Conversion Factors |url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/us-surveyfoot/revised-unit-conversion-factors |journal=NIST |access-date=4 March 2020 |date=16 October 2019 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302225408/https://www.nist.gov/pml/us-surveyfoot/revised-unit-conversion-factors |url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/10/05/2020-21902/deprecation-of-the-united-states-us-survey-foot | title=Federal Register :: Request Access | date=5 October 2020 | access-date=5 July 2022 | archive-date=21 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221184624/http://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/10/05/2020-21902/deprecation-of-the-united-states-us-survey-foot | url-status=live }}

File:RechtwKugeldreieck.svg—the analogue of a line in spherical trigonometry—and hence the shortest path connecting two points on the globular surface. Meridians are great circles that pass through the poles.]]

{{Main|Nautical mile}}

The nautical mile was originally defined as one minute of arc along a meridian of the Earth.{{sfnp|Maloney|1978|p=34}} Navigators use dividers to step off the distance between two points on the navigational chart, then place the open dividers against the minutes-of-latitude scale at the edge of the chart, and read off the distance in nautical miles.{{sfnp|Maloney|1978|pp=34–35}} The Earth is not perfectly spherical but an oblate spheroid, so the length of a minute of latitude increases by 1% from the equator to the poles, as seen for example in the WGS84 ellipsoid, with {{convert|6046|ft|m|order=flip}} at the equator, {{convert|6108|ft|m|order=flip}} at the poles and average {{convert|1852|m|ft}}.

Since 1929 the international nautical mile is defined by the First International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference in Monaco as exactly 1,852 metres (which is {{convert|1852|m|mi|sigfig=4|disp=out|abbr=off}} or {{convert|1852|m|ft|sigfig=6|disp=out|abbr=off}}).{{SIBrochure8th|page=127}}. In the United States, the nautical mile was defined in the 19th century as {{convert|6,080.2|ft|m|2}}, whereas in the United Kingdom, the Admiralty nautical mile was defined as {{convert|6,080|ft|m|2}} and was about one minute of latitude in the latitudes of the south of the UK. Other nations had different definitions of the nautical mile.

The nautical mile per hour is known as the knot. Nautical miles and knots are almost universally used for aeronautical and maritime navigation, because of their relationship with degrees and minutes of latitude and the convenience of using the latitude scale on a map for distance measuring.

The data mile is used in radar-related subjects and is equal to 6,000 feet (1.8288 kilometres).{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="data mile"}} The radar mile is a unit of time (in the same way that the light year is a unit of distance), equal to the time required for a radar pulse to travel a distance of two miles (one mile each way). Thus, the radar statute mile is 10.8 μs and the radar nautical mile is 12.4 μs.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="radar mile"}}

{{Main|Geographical mile}}

The geographical mile is based upon the length of a meridian of latitude. The German geographical mile ({{lang|de|geographische Meile}}) was previously {{frac|15}}° of latitude (7.4127 km).{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="meile"}}

{{Main|Metric mile}}

The informal term "metric mile" is used in some countries, in sports such as track and field athletics and speed skating, to denote a distance of {{convert|1500|m|mile|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}. The 1500 meters is the premier middle distance running event in Olympic sports. In United States high-school competition, the term is sometimes used for a race of {{convert|1600|m|mile|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="mile"}}

{{Main|Scandinavian mile}}

The Scandinavian mile ({{lang|no|mil}}) remains in common use in Norway and Sweden, where it has meant precisely 10 km since metrication in 1889.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="mil 4"}} It is used in informal situations and in measurements of fuel consumption, which are often given as litres per {{lang|no|mil}}. In formal situations (such as official road signs) only kilometres are given.

The Swedish mile was standardised as 36,000 Swedish feet or {{convert|10.6884|km|mi|abbr=off}} in 1649; before that it varied by province from about 6 to 14.485 km.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="mil 4"}}

Before metrication, the Norwegian mile was {{convert|11.298|km|mi|abbr=off}}.

The traditional Finnish {{lang|fi|peninkulma}} was translated as {{langx|sv|mil}} and also set equal to 10 km during metrication in 1887, but is much less commonly used.

A comparison of the different lengths for a "mile", in different countries and at different times in history, is given in the table below. Leagues are also included in this list because, in terms of length, they fall in between the short West European miles and the long North, Central and Eastern European miles.

Similar units:

• 1,066.8 m – verst, see also obsolete Russian units of measurement

The mile is still used in a variety of idioms, even in English-speaking countries that have moved from the Imperial to the metric system (for example, Australia, Canada, or New Zealand). These idioms include:

• A country mile is used colloquially to denote a very long distance.
• "A miss is as good as a mile" (failure by a narrow margin is no better than any other failure)
• "Give him an inch and he'll take a mile" – a corruption of "Give him an inch and he'll take an ell"Concise Oxford English Dictionary (5th edition; 1964). Oxford University Press.{{cite book|author=John Heywood|title=The proverbs, epigrams, and miscellanies of John Heywood ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pK07AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95|access-date=1 December 2011|year=1562|publisher=Print. for subscribers, by the Early English Drama Society|pages=95–}} (the person in question will become greedy if shown generosity)
• "Missed by a mile" (missed by a wide margin)
• "Go a mile a minute" (move very quickly)
• "Talk a mile a minute" (speak at a rapid rate)
• "To go the extra mile" (to put in extra effort)
• "Miles away" (lost in thought, or daydreaming)
• "Milestone" (an event indicating significant progress)
• Glasgow's miles better, a touristic campaign.

{{Portal|Science}}

{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|

• Biblical mile
• Chinese mile ({{lang|zh|里}})
• Data mile
• Food miles
• Four-minute mile
• Geographical mile
• Medieval weights and measures
• Mile run
• Scandinavian mile
• Section lines

}}

{{clear}}

{{Reflist|group=n}}

{{Reflist}}

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{{Hellenic measurement}}

{{Imperial units}}

{{United States Customary Units}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Ancient Roman geography

Category:Customary units of measurement in the United States

Category:Imperial units

Category:Obsolete Scottish units of measurement

Category:Surveying

Category:Units of length

Croatian mile