Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
| seal = Ministry-of-Environment-Forest-and-Climate-Change.jpg
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| logo = Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) logo.webp
| logo_size =
| logo_caption = Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
| formed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}}
| jurisdiction = Government of India
| headquarters = Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi{{cite web|url=http://www.moef.gov.in/content/contact-us |title=Contact Us | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Government of India |website=Moef.gov.in |date=2015-07-31 |access-date=2016-06-16}}
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|2870|c}} (2021–22 est.){{cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/parliament/demand-for-grants-2021-22-analysis-environment-forests-and-climate-change#:~:text=Allocation%20in%20Union%20Budget%202021,union%20government%20for%202021%2D22.|format=web|title=MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE DEMAND NO. 27 : Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change|website=Indiabudget.gov.in|access-date=16 August 2018}}
| minister1_name = Bhupender Yadav
| minister1_pfo = Cabinet Minister
| minister2_name = Kirti Vardhan Singh
| minister2_pfo = Minister of State
| chief1_name = Tanmay Kumar, IAS
| chief1_position = Secretary (EF&CC)
| chief2_name = Jitender Kumar, IFS
| chief2_position = Director General of Forests and Special Secretary
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| website = https://moef.gov.in/
}}
{{Wildlife of India}}
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav, Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/harsh-vardhan-gets-additional-charge-of-environment/1/956782.html|title=Following Anil Daves death, Dr Harsh Vardhan gets additional charge of environment|website=Indiatoday.intoday.in|date=18 May 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018}}
The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India.
File:Secretary Kerry Meets With India's Environment Minister Javadekar at COP21 in Paris (23651621445).jpg meeting with US Secretary of State John Kerry at COP21 in Paris.|right]]
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.
History
Environmental debates were first introduced into the national political agenda during Indira Gandhi's first term as Prime Minister of India. The 4th Five-Year Plan (1969–74), for example, proclaimed "harmonious development [...] on the basis of a comprehensive appraisal of environmental issues." In 1977 (during the Emergency) Gandhi added Article 48A to the constitution stating that: "The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country." The same decree transferred wildlife and forests from state list to concurrent list of the constitution, thus giving the central government the power to overrule state decisions on that matter. Such political and constitutional changes prepared the groundwork for the creation of a federal Department of Environment in 1980, turned into the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985.Sanjeev Khagram (2004) "Dams and Development", New York, Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8014-8907-5}}
Although tackling climate change was already a responsibility of the ministry, its priority was raised when in May 2014 the ministry was renamed to the current title of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.{{cite web|title=Ministry of environment and forests undergoes a nomenclature change|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-28/news/50149634_1_climate-change-navroz-dubash-climate-action-network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601185220/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-28/news/50149634_1_climate-change-navroz-dubash-climate-action-network|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2014|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=4 December 2016|date=28 May 2014}}
Administration
The forest administration is based on demarcation of states into Forest Divisions which consists of Forest Ranges. Forest Beats under Ranges are the smallest unit of administration hierarchy. Natural features on the field form the boundaries of each beat which has an average area of around 16 km square.{{cite book |editor1-last=Jhala |editor1-first=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh |editor2-last=Qureshi |editor2-first=Qamar |editor3-last=Nayak |editor3-first=Anup Kumar |title=Status of tigers, copredators and prey in India, 2018. |date=July 2020 |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. |isbn=978-8185496504 |edition=First}}
Organisation
- Indian Forest Service (IFS)
- Authorities
- Central Zoo Authority of India, New Delhi
- National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai
- National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi
- Subordinate offices
- Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation (Public Sector Undertaking)
- Animal Welfare Board of India, Chennai
- Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Kolkata
- Central Pollution Control Board{{anchor|ENVIS}}
- Environmental Information System (ENVIS){{Cite web|title=About ENVIS |url=http://envis.nic.in/ENVIS_html/about.html }}
- Odisha State Pollution Control Board
- Delhi Pollution Control Committee
- Directorate of Forest Education
- Forest Survey of India
- Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy
- National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board
- National Board of Wildlife
- National Institute of Animal Welfare
- National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), New Delhi
- National Zoological Park (NZP), New Delhi
- Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata
- Centres of excellence
- Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad
- C. P. R. Environmental Education Centre, Chennai
- Centre for Animals and Environment, Bangalore
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Chennai
- Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Bangalore
- Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystem, New Delhi
- Centre for Mining Environment, Dhanbad
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,{{cite web|url=http://envfor.nic.in/about-ministry/tropical-botanic-garden-and-research-institute |title=Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Government of India |website=Envfor.nic.in |access-date=2016-06-16}} Thiruvananthapuram
- Autonomous institutions
- G. B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora
- Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal
- Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bengaluru
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun
- Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun
Cabinet Ministers
- Note: MoS, I/C {{ndash}} Minister of State (Independent Charge)
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister ! colspan="3" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party ! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister |
| style="width:8em"| From
! style="width:8em"| To ! style="width:6em"| Period |
|---|
| colspan="11"| Minister of Environment and Forests |
| 1
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | 70px | Rajiv Gandhi | 31 December | 22 October | {{ayd|1984|12|31|1986|10|22}} | rowspan="3"| Indian National Congress (I) | rowspan="3"| Rajiv II | rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | rowspan="3" style="width:9em"| Rajiv Gandhi |
| 2
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | | Bhajan Lal | 22 October | 14 February | {{ayd|1986|10|22|1988|2|14}} |
| 3
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | 70px | Ziaur Rahman Ansari | 14 February | 2 December | {{ayd|1988|2|14|1989|12|2}} |
| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 2 December | 23 April | {{ayd|1989|12|2|1990|4|23}} | rowspan="2"| Janata Dal | rowspan="2"| Vishwanath | rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | rowspan="2"| Vishwanath Pratap Singh |
| 4
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | Nilamani Routray | 23 April | 10 November | {{ayd|1990|4|23|1990|11|10}} |
| 5
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"| | 70px | Maneka Gandhi | 10 November | 21 June | {{ayd|1990|11|10|1991|6|21}} | Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) | bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"| |
| 6
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | 70px | Kamal Nath | 21 June | 15 September | {{ayd|1991|6|21|1995|9|15}} | rowspan="2"| Indian National Congress (I) | rowspan="2"| Rao | rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | rowspan="2"| P. V. Narasimha Rao |
| 7
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | 70px | Rajesh Pilot | 15 September | 16 May | {{ayd|1995|9|15|1996|5|16}} |
| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 16 May | 1 June | {{ayd|1996|5|16|1996|6|1}} | bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| |
| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | H. D. Deve Gowda | 1 June | 29 June | {{ayd|1996|6|1|1996|6|29}} | rowspan="2"| Janata Dal | rowspan="3"| Deve Gowda | rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | rowspan="3"| H. D. Deve Gowda |
| 8
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | Jai Narain Prasad Nishad | 29 June | 21 February | {{ayd|1996|6|29|1997|2|21}} |
| rowspan="2"| 9
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}"| | rowspan="2"| 70px | rowspan="2"| Saifuddin Soz | 21 February | 21 April | rowspan="2"| {{ayd|1997|2|21|1998|3|19}} | rowspan="2"| Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |
| 21 April 1997 | 19 March | Gujral | bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| |
| 10
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| | 70px | Suresh Prabhu | 19 March | 13 October | {{ayd|1998|3|19|1999|10|13}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="4"| Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| 11
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"| | 70px | T. R. Baalu | 13 October | 21 December | {{ayd|1999|10|13|2003|12|21}} | rowspan="3"| Vajpayee III |
| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 21 December | 9 January | {{ayd|2003|12|21|2004|1|9}} | rowspan="2"| Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 12
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Ramesh Bais | 9 January | 22 May | {{ayd|2004|1|9|2004|5|22}} |
| 13
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"| | 70px | A. Raja | 23 May | 15 May | {{ayd|2004|5|23|2007|5|15}} | rowspan="2"| Manmohan I | rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | rowspan="5"| Manmohan Singh |
| {{ndash}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | 70px | Manmohan Singh | 15 May | 22 May | {{ayd|2007|5|15|2009|5|22}} | rowspan="4"| Indian National Congress |
| 14
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | 70px | Jairam Ramesh | 22 May | 12 July | {{ayd|2009|5|22|2011|7|12}} | rowspan="3"| Manmohan II |
| 15
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | 70px | Jayanthi Natarajan | 12 July | 21 December | {{ayd|2011|7|12|2013|12|21}} |
| 16
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | 70px | Veerappa Moily | 21 December | 26 May | {{ayd|2013|12|21|2014|5|26}} |
| colspan="11"| Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |
| 17
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Prakash Javadekar | 26 May | 5 July | {{ayd|2014|5|26|2016|7|5}} | rowspan="6"| Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan="3"| Modi I | rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="6"| Narendra Modi |
| 18
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Anil Madhav Dave | 5 July | 18 May | {{ayd|2016|7|5|2017|5|18}} |
| 19
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Harsh Vardhan | 18 May | 30 May | {{ayd|2017|5|18|2019|5|30}} |
| (17)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Prakash Javadekar | 31 May | 7 July | {{ayd|2019|5|31|2021|7|7}} | rowspan="2"| Modi II |
| rowspan="2"| 20
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| 70px | rowspan="2"| Bhupender Yadav | 7 July | 9 June | rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2021|7|7}} |
| 10 June 2024 | Incumbent | Modi III |
Ministers of State
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister ! colspan="3" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party ! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister |
| style="width:8em"| From
! style="width:8em"| To ! style="width:6em"| Period |
|---|
| colspan="11"| Minister of State for Environment and Forests |
| 1
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | | Vir Sen | 31 December | 25 September | {{ayd|1984|12|31|1985|9|25}} | rowspan="4"| Indian National Congress (I) | rowspan="4"| Rajiv II | rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | rowspan="4" style="width:9em"| Rajiv Gandhi |
| 2
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| | 70px | Ziaur Rahman Ansari | 25 September | 14 February | {{ayd|1985|9|25|1988|2|14}} |
| colspan="7"| |
| 3
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"| | 70px | Sumati Oraon | 4 July | 2 December | {{ayd|1989|7|4|1989|12|2}} |
| 4
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | Maneka Gandhi | 6 December | 6 November | {{ayd|1989|12|6|1990|11|6}} | bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| |
| colspan="11"| |
| 5
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| | 70px | Jai Narain Prasad Nishad | 1 June | 29 June | {{ayd|1996|6|1|1996|6|29}} | bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"| |
| colspan="11"| |
| rowspan="2"| 6
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| 70px | rowspan="2"| Babulal Marandi | 19 March | 13 October | rowspan="2"| {{ayd|1998|3|19|2000|11|7}} | rowspan="4"| Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="4"| Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| 13 October 1999 | 7 November | rowspan="3"| Vajpayee III |
| colspan="7"| |
| 7
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | | Dilip Singh Judeo | 29 January | 17 November | {{ayd|2003|1|29|2003|11|17}} |
| colspan="11"| |
| 8
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | 70px | Namo Narain Meena | 23 May | 22 May | {{ayd|2004|5|23|2009|5|22}} | rowspan="2"| Manmohan I | rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"| | rowspan="2"| Manmohan Singh |
| 9
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"| | 70px | S. Regupathy | 15 May | 22 May | {{ayd|2007|5|15|2009|5|22}} |
| colspan="11"| Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change |
| 10
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Mahesh Sharma | 3 September | 30 May | {{ayd|2017|9|3|2019|5|30}} | rowspan="4"| Bharatiya Janata Party | Modi I | rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | rowspan="4"| Narendra Modi |
| 11
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Babul Supriyo | 31 May | 7 July | {{ayd|2019|5|31|2021|7|7}} | rowspan="2"| Modi II |
| 12
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Ashwini Kumar Choubey | 7 July | 10 June | {{ayd|2021|7|7|2024|6|10}} |
| 13
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| | 70px | Kirti Vardhan Singh | 10 June | Incumbent | {{ayd|2024|6|10}} | Modi III |
Initiatives
In August 2019 Ministry of Environment released the Draft National Resource Efficiency Policy. It is a set of guidelines which envisions a future with environmentally sustainable and equitable economic growth. The policy is guided by principle of reduction in primary resource consumption; creation of higher value with less material through resource efficient circular approach; waste minimization; material security and creation of employment opportunities and business model beneficial to cause of environment protection and restoration. It was based on the report of NITI Aayog and European Union titled, The strategy on resource efficiency. The policy seeks to set up a National Resource Efficiency Authority with core working group housed in the Ministry. It also plans to offer tax benefits on recycled materials and soft loans to set up waste disposal and material recovery facilities.{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1582367#:~:|title=Comments called for on the Draft National Resource Efficiency Policy Released|website=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2020-09-10}}{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/45027/joint-declaration-with-india-on-resource-efficiency-and-circular-economy.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjnxsiatN7rAhWkkOYKHS5IDK8QFjABegQIDRAH&usg=AOvVaw1D0BHGoD1oAitmQXkJO7HS|title=EU-India joint declaration on resource efficiency and circular economy(PDF)|website=Consilium.europa.eu|access-date=2020-09-10}}
As of 8 December 2021, some states have received more than Rupees 47,000 crore for afforestation. The states are directed to channel this amount as compensatory afforestation which shall be used for plantations, assisted natural forest regeneration, forest fire-prevention, pest and disease control in forest, and expedite soil and moisture conservation works.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}
See also
- Fauna of India
- Wildlife of India
- Environment of India
- Wildlife Institute of India
- Forest Research Institute (India)
- Arid Forest Research Institute
- Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) (Forest Science Centres)
- List of forest research institutes in India
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species
- List of Environment and Forest Research Institutes in India* Forest Research Institute (India)
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website|https://moef.gov.in/en/}}
- [http://envfor.nic.in/about-ministry/autonomous-organisations/ Autonomous Organisations]
{{Union ministries of India}}
{{authority control}}
Environment, Forests and Climate Change
Category:Environmental agencies in India
Category:Climate change in India
Category:Forestry agencies in India