Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces

{{Short description|Chinese law enforcement agency}}

{{Infobox law enforcement agency

| nativenamea = 公安现役部队

| badge = Chinese People's Armed Police Force (CAPF) cap insignia.svg

| badgecaption = Cap insignia of the People's Armed Police

| formed = June 19, 1982

| dissolved = January 1, 2019

| superseding = National Immigration Administration
{{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Special Service Bureau|zh|公安部特勤局}}
China Fire and Rescue

| country = China

| national = Yes

| governingbody = Ministry of Public Security (China)

| gendarmerie = yes

| speciality1 =

| speciality2 =

}}

Ministry of Public Security Active Services Forces (MPSASF) ({{Lang-zh|c=公安现役部队}}) was a term referring to three separate agencies under the command of the Ministry of Public Security however were composed of People's Armed Police personnel. Its name comes from the fact that since the personnel were considered PAP personnel, they were treated as active service military personnel.{{Cite web |last=Runping |first=Yao |date=2018-03-23 |title=致敬!再见了公安边防、消防、警卫,武警黄金、森林、水电 |trans-title=Salutations! Goodbye to the border defense, MPS firefighting corps, MPS guard corps, PAP gold, forestry and hydropower corps |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/23/c_129835969.htm |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Xinhua News Agency}}{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=步步坚实 衔接有序——跨军地改革工作成效显著 |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/22/content_5412955.htm |website=Central government of the People's Republic of China}} After the Deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions in 2018, Border Defense Corps and Guard Corps personnel became People's Police personnel, while the China Fire Services were merged with the {{Ill|People's Armed Police Forestry Corps|zh|中國人民武裝警察部隊森林部隊}} and became the China Fire and Rescue, making the use of the term defunct.{{Cite web |date=2019-01-01 |title=公安邊防、警衛部隊舉行集體換裝和入警宣誓儀式 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0101/c1001-30498106.html |website=People's Daily}}

Border Defense Corps

{{External media|title=Badge of the Border Defense Corps|image1=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318020410/https://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/23/129835969_15217713315871n.jpg}}

File:A public security frontier forces soldier on duty in Xiamen October 26,2013.jpg]]

Prior to the 2018 People's Armed Police reform, the {{Ill|Border Defense Corps (China)|lt=People's Armed Police Border Defense Corps|zh|公安边防部队}} ({{lang-zh|s=武警边防部队|p=Wǔjǐng Biānfáng Bùdùi}}), more commonly known as the Ministry of Public Security Border Defense Corps ({{Lang-zh|c=公安边防部队}}), was formerly China's primary border patrol agency. It's jobs were primarily intended to prevent drug trafficking, illegal immigration and smuggling.{{cite web |title=Armed Police Force |url=http://eng.mod.gov.cn/ArmedForces/armed.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085952/http://eng.mod.gov.cn/ArmedForces/armed.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Ministry of National Defense}} When it was active, The Border Defense Corps was under the command of the defunct {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Border Control Department|zh|中華人民共和國公安部邊防管理局}}.{{Cite web |date=2008-04-29 |title=公安边防简介 |trans-title=About Us - Ministry of Public Security Border Control Department |url=http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80254/n80271/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509062951/http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80254/n80271/index.html |archive-date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Border Control Department of the Ministry of Public Security}}

The People's Armed Police Border Defense corps was officially disbanded on December 25, 2018.{{Cite web |date=2018-12-25 |title=再见,武警边防,你好,人民警察 |trans-title=Goodbye, PAP Border Defense, Hello, People's Police |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/kuaibao_detail.jsp?contid=2772317&from=kuaibao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505210147/https://m.thepaper.cn/kuaibao_detail.jsp?contid=2772317&from=kuaibao |archive-date=2025-05-05 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=The Paper}}

After the 2018 reform, the border defense corps was disbanded and transferred to the National immigration Administration, with its officers switching from being People's Armed Police to People's Police. From 1980 to the transferral of the Border Defense Corps, a total of 86 units and 519 personnel were awarded 1st class meritorious service medals, 411 units and 4614 personnel were awarded 2nd class meritorious service medals and 179 personnel were awarded martyr status.

= History =

The Tianjin Border Defense Corps can trace it's lineage back to March 1949, when the Tianjin Pier Inspection group and Port inspection group were established.{{Cite web |date=2019-01-01 |title=再见,天津公安边防,你好,天津人民警察! |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2802187 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=The Paper}}

The Border Defense Armed Police was established in November 1949 as part of the Ministry of Public Security.{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Haihua |date=2016-03-06 |title=武警部队历史沿革 |trans-title=History of the People's Armed Police |url=http://www.81.cn/2016wujing/2016-03/06/content_6944527.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130161128/http://www.81.cn/2016wujing/2016-03/06/content_6944527.htm |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Chinese Military}}

In January 1980, the Border Defense Armed Police was renamed to the People's Armed Police Border Defense Corps.

On June 19, 1982, the Border Defense Corps was handed to the newly established People's Armed Police. In August 1985, the Border Defense Corps was moved under the control of the Ministry of Public Security, however it was continued to be composed of PAP personnel.

Out of six PAP personnel killed during the Barin riots, four were Border Defense Corps personnel, including Lt. Col. Xu Xinjian.{{Cite web |date=2019-10-25 |title=许新建:用生命捍卫祖国边防战线 |trans-title=Sacrifice for defense of the border |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-10/25/c_1125151374.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Xinhua News Agency}}

Sixteen personnel of the Border Defense Corps were killed in the 2008 Kashgar attack.{{Cite web |date=2008-08-05 |title=喀什武警出早操遭袭16人牺牲16人受伤 |url=https://news.sina.cn/sa/2008-08-05/detail-ikknscsk3995345.d.html |website=Sina |publisher=Chongqing evening news}}

Between September 18 and September 19, 2011, the Yadong Battalion and Yadong Border Checkpoint of the Border Defense Corps deployed 90 personnel, 11 vehicles and 30 tents to assist with disaster relief after the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake.{{Cite web |date=2011-09-20 |title=西藏遭印度锡金邦6.8级地震波及-亚东边防官兵全力抗震救灾 |trans-title=Tibet affected by Sikkim 6.8 earthquake - Yadong border defense personnel deployed to assist with disaster relief |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n2255144/n2255146/c3670329/content.html |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Ministry of Public Security}}

In the aftermath of the April 2015 Nepal earthquake 21 officers of the Gyirong Border Checkpoint had all access routes cut off for 12 days, where they remained to provide disaster relief and assisted in helicopter evacuations of civilians on the 28th of April.{{Cite web |last=Xiao |first=Fugui |date=2015-05-26 |editor-last=Wang |editor-first=Pengfei |title=震后三十天——西藏吉隆边检站官兵救灾手记 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2015-05/26/c_127842662.htm |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Xinhua News Agency}} During the same earthquake, Private Zhang Gaoyong of the Nyalam Border Checkpoint Patrol company was heavily injured while attempting to use his body as a human shield against incoming rocks to protect a child. He later recovered from his injuries.{{Cite web |last1=Huang |first1=Xing |last2=Zheng |first2=Yongbo |date=2015-05-08 |editor-last=Yang |editor-first=Ting |title=西藏地震救人受伤边防战士张高勇手术成功 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-05/08/c_1115224958.htm |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Xinhua News Agency}}

On January 29, 2016, after receiving shared intel from the HKPF of a panama-registered cargo ship named Fuyun smuggling frozen meat off the coast of Mirs Bay, the Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment Longgang Battalion deployed 2 speedboats and successfully intercepted the Fuyun, boarding and seizing the ship and bringing it to Nan'ao Subdistrict. A total of 13 foreign sailors from Indonesia and Myanmar, the Burmese captain and 7 Chinese sailors were arrested. A total of 71 boxes with 2219 tonnes of smuggled frozen meat was seized, with a total worth of approximately 200 million RMB. An investigation ruled that the smuggled meat was headed towards Shantou, and that much of the meat was passed it's expiry date or had diseases; The seizing of the "Fuyun" was the largest seizure of smuggled meat by the Guangdong Border Defense Corps in 10 years.{{Cite AV media |url=https://tv.cctv.com/2016/12/20/VIDEAgBDa4SG9Z77iAYUrrO8161220.shtml |title=《今日说法》 20161220 公安边防部队"固边系列行动"专题报道:神秘的富运号 |date=2016-12-20 |type=Video |language=zh |publisher=CCTV-1}}{{Cite web |title=广东边防查获十年来全国最大走私冻品案 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n2255741/n2255746/c5148630/content.html |website=Ministry of Public Security}}

On January 16, 2017, the 1st Mobile Company, Honghe Border Defense Corps was deployed to fight bandits engaging in extortion along the highway between Mengzi and Hekou, resulting in a shootout where Border Defense PFC Zhang Hao was shot multiple times. All bandits were apprehended, along with two improvised firearms and three nail guns confiscated.{{Cite web |date=2017-06-05 |editor-last=Dong |editor-first=Yue |title=19岁武警战士身中数弹,仍与歹徒搏斗 |url=http://www.81.cn/jwsj/2017-06/05/content_7628027.htm |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Chinese Military}}{{Cite web |date=2017-06-22 |editor-last=Cai |editor-first=Chunlin |editor2-last=Tian |editor2-first=Hong |title=面对持枪歹徒 这个95后战士中弹18处又追了800米 |url=https://news.cctv.com/2017/06/22/ARTIfK4QUC3UwODz0MdawtaY170622.shtml |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=CCTV}}

In 2018 when the Border Defense Corps was disbanded, 20 units and 31 personnel of the Guangdong Border Defense Corps received honorary titles, along with 21 units and 82 personnel receiving 1st Class Meritorious Service Medals and 18 personnel achieving martyr status.

== Inter-agency cooperation ==

The Border Defense Corps previously had intel sharing with local {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Economic Crimes Investigation Bureau|lt=Economic Crimes Investigation units|zh|公安部经济犯罪侦查局}}, the HKPF, the {{Ill|General Administration of Customs Anti-Smuggling Bureau|zh|海关总署缉私局}} along with local Public Security Bureau Public Order units.

On September 23, 2009, the Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment conducted a joint anti-hijacking exercise with the HKPF. In the process, a crew member from the Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment fell into the water. Border Defense officers Liu Cheng, Shen Weixiong and Qiu Wenliang attempted to save the crew member which resulted in the 3 border defense officers being killed by the propeller. Qiu's body was found 3 days later, and on September 28 all 3 officers were given Martyr status.{{Cite web |date=2010-01-26 |title=诏安:演习时救人牺牲 受伤后大喊:"先救我兄弟!" |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-01-26/062616993430s.shtml |website=Sina |publisher=Haiwainet}}

=== International cooperation ===

The Border Defense Corps has also been deployed in UN Peacekeeping operations. Between 2006 and 2018, the Border Defense Corps was deployed in peacekeeping 10 times, with a total of 1325 officers being deployed for peacekeeping.

In November 27–28 of 2011, the Guangxi Border Defense Corps had a meeting and signed a treaty with the Vietnam Border Guard's Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng and Quảng Ninh provincial commands regarding cooperation against international crime and illegally crossing borders.{{Cite web |date=2011-11-29 |title=广西公安边防总队与越南北部三省边防部队就加强边境治安合作举行会谈 |url=http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80254/n81081/3134733.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509004506/http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80254/n81081/3134733.html |archive-date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Ministry of Public Security Border Control Department}}

== War on drugs in the China-Myanmar border by the Border Defense Corps ==

The Border Defense Corps has a history of intercepting armed incursions by drug traffickers on the China-Myanmar border, especially due to smuggling routes across the Shweli River. On August 2, 1997, Border Defense officer Corporal Yin Mingzhi was stabbed by a drug trafficker during an undercover sting operation in Longchuan County near the China-Myanmar Border, dying of his wounds a day later.{{Cite web |date=2019-12-11 |title=尹铭志:与毒贩殊死搏斗 20岁血洒边疆 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-12/11/c_1125333871.htm |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Xinhua News Agency}}

File:德宏州公安边防支队木康边境检查站1.jpg

The Dehong Border Defense detachment's Mukang Border Checkpoint (木康边境检查站) on G320 between Dehong and Baoshan, established in 1978, is one of the most decorated Chinese border checkpoints, receiving 7 Meritorious Service medals, 8 2nd class Meritorious Service medals and 9 3rd class meritorious service medals. On August 3, 2001, it was given the honorary title of "Anti-Narcotics Pioneer checkpoint" by the State council due to seizing some of the most drugs out of all Chinese border checkpoints. In 2018, it was handed to the NIA; between 2001 and 2021, the checkpoint handled over 8000 narcotics cases and 926 smuggling cases, arrested over 5500 suspects, and seizing a total of over 5.26 tonnes of drugs, 650 tonnes of improvised drug injection needles, 12 firearms, 170 rounds of ammunition and 59.22 million RMB of smuggled goods.{{Cite web |date=2021-08-13 |title=木康边境检查站:永葆缉毒先锋的英雄本色 |url=https://m.yunnan.cn/system/2021/08/13/031611424.shtml |website=Yunnan news}}{{Cite web |date=2021-06-13 |title=云南德宏边境管理支队木康边境检查站执勤三中队:车流中民警汗流浃背查验 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n5137689/n5414444/n5414452/c7930542/content.html |website=Ministry of Public Security}}

On March 25, 2007, officers of the Border Defense Corps were ambushed by ten armed drug traffickers with sub-machine guns and grenades, killing officers 2nd Lieutenant Gan Zurong, Major Bai Jiangang and Captain Xu Shengqian.{{Cite web |date=2015-06-26 |title=中缅边境缉毒亲历记:武警在漫天杂草中"生擒"吸毒者 |trans-title=Anti-drug operations on the China-Myanmar border |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0626/c70731-27209927.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=People's Daily}}

On August 22, 2011, and October 22, 2011, Border Defense Corps K9 Handler Private Yao Yuanjun and Political Commissar Major Chen Shihua drowned while engaging in melee fighting with drug traffickers in separate incidents, respectively. Private Yao Yuanjun's K9 "Big Wolf" became a center of a lot of attention on Chinese Social Media after he was filmed on national TV wandering around training grounds, unaware his handler had died.{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title="大狼"不知道为什么主人突然就不来了 |trans-title=K9 "Big Wolf" does not know why his handler is gone |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_13547220 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The Paper}}File:CHINA COAST GUARD badge.svg

= Organization =

Each coastal/border province-level subdivision or direct-administered municipality would have had a border defense Corps, every border/coastal prefecture-level division would have a border defense detachment, every border/coastal county level subdivision would have a border defense battalion; Township level subdivisions would each have a border defense police station. Prior to the establishment of the CCG in 2013, there would also be {{Ill|Border Defense Corps Coast Guard (China)|lt=Border Defense Corps Coast Guard|zh|中國公安邊防海警部隊}} flotillas and squadrons. The Border Defense Corps additionally operated checkpoints on roads heading towards border crossings along with border checkpoints.

  • Shanghai Border Defense Corps - Merged with Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau Ports Subbureau to become the {{Ill|Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau Border Defense and Ports subbureau|zh|上海市公安局边防和港航分局}}{{Cite web |date=2020-05-20 |title=上海市公安局边防和港航公安分局今日成立 |url=https://gaj.sh.gov.cn/shga/wzXxfbGj/detail?pa=f41aa3d5accbfad14fcbf784730c1c7f3246599c78cf0fe4311b41046260db0c8b211b0b3ba9fe52918a945f6a458a4af89cd8d0bb43e938 |website=Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau}}
  • Tianjin Border Defense Corps - Now Tianjin General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier inspection{{Cite web |title=公安边防、警卫部队举行集体换装和入警宣誓仪式 |url=https://tianjin.nia.gov.cn/News/201901/201901020953126.htm |website=Tianjin General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier inspection}}
  • Chongqing Border Defense Corps - Now Chongqing General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Hebei Border Defense Corps - Now Hebei General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection{{Cite web |title=省政府新闻办 "河北边检服务全省经济社会高质量发展" 新闻发布会文字实录 |url=https://hebfb.hebccw.cn/system/2024/11/01/101400023.shtml |website=Hebei Great Wall media}}
  • Shanxi Border Defense Corps - Now Shanxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Jilin Border Defense Corps - Now Jilin General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Liaoning Border Defense Corps - Now Liaoning General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Heilongjiang Border Defense Corps - Now Heilongjiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Shaanxi Border Defense Corps - Now Shaanxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Gansu Border Defense Corps - Now Gansu General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=甘肃出入境边防检查总站改革转隶五周年, 构建安全新格局 |url=https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202312/06/WS657036e2a310d5acd8771e68.html |website=China Daily}}
  • Qinghai Border Defense Corps - Now Qinghai General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Shandong Border Defense Corps - Now Shandong General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • {{ill|Xiamen Entry and Exit Border Inspection Station|zh|中华人民共和国厦门出入境边防检查总站|lt=Fujian Border Defense Corps}} - Now Xiamen Entry and Exit Border Inspection Station
  • Zhejiang Border Defense Corps - Now Zhejiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Henan Border Defense Corps - Now Henan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Hubei Border Defense Corps - Now Hubei General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Hunan Border Defense Corps - Now Hunan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Jiangxi Border Defense Corps - Now Jiangxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Jiangsu Border Defense Corps - Now Jiangsu General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Anhui Border Defense Corps - Now Anhui General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Guangdong Border Defense Corps - Now Guangzhou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=脱下军装-换上警服-广东公安边防警卫部队集体换装 |url=https://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/xwdt/content/post_1053309.html |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Guangdong Provincial Government}}
  • Hainan Border Defense Corps - Now Hainan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Sichuan Border Defense Corps - Now Sichuan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Guizhou Border Defense Corps - Now Guizhou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Yunnan Border Defense Corps - Now Yunnan General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Inner Mongolia Border Defense Corps - Now Inner Mongolia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Xinjiang Border Defense Corps - Now Xinjiang General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection{{Cite web |title=莫道关山阻且远 万里尽是护边人——新疆出入境边防检查总站护边员队伍建设纪实 |url=https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741435/n907688/n932720/n1008173/n1008202/n1008848/n1008916/c1012572/content.html |website=National Immigration Administration}}
  • Ningxia Border Defense Corps - Now Ningxia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Guangxi Border Defense Corps - Now Guangxi General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection
  • Tibet Border Defense Corps - Now Tibet General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection

= Special operations units =

{{External media|title=Badge of the Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team|image1=https://photo.81.cn/pla/2015-03/19/content_6398233_5.htm}}

== Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team ==

{{External media|title=Flag of the Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team|image1=https://photo.81.cn/pla/2015-03/19/content_6398233_8.htm}}

In April 2012, the Xinjiang Border Defense Corps Female Special Service team (新疆公安边防总队女子特勤分队) was founded. In March 2015 it was renamed to the "Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team" (雪鹰女子特勤分队) at the Xinjiang Border Corps Training Base.{{Cite web |date=2015-03-19 |title=边防部队首支"雪鹰女子特勤分队"正式成立 |url=https://photo.81.cn/pla/2015-03/19/content_6398233.htm |website=Chinese Military}}{{Cite news |date=2015-03-13 |title=公安边防首支 女子"特种部队"成立 |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2015-03/13/content_1541973.htm |work=People's Daily}} At its founding in 2012, it only had 6 members, and by March 2015 it had 34 members.{{Cite web |date=2015-03-15 |title=公安边防部队首支"雪鹰女子特勤分队"正式成立 |url=https://news.ifeng.com/a/20150315/43343719_0.shtml |website=Phoenix television}} It assisted in security at the China Eurasia Expo multiple times.{{Cite web |title=组图:边防部队雪鹰女子特勤分队正式成立 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2015-03/15/c_127582153_4.htm |website=Xinhua}}

== Maritime Special Service team ==

The Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment operated the {{Ill|Maritime Special Service Team|zh|海上特勤隊}} (Nicknamed "Maritime Jiaolongs"), a police tactical unit which is dedicated to maritime anti-terrorism, search and rescue, combat diving and VBSS.{{Cite web |title=深圳:海上特勤隊舉行海上反恐演習 |url=http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-11/08/content_2524513.htm |access-date=2013-11-18 |website=Central government of the PRC}}

It was established on August 18, 2008, and initially consisted of only 20+ members.{{Cite web |date=2012-10-16 |title=探訪水陸特勤隊:"蛙人"本領超凡 深港邊境護安全 |url=http://www.takungpao.com.hk/sy/2012-10/16/content_1235220.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040845/http://www.takungpao.com.hk/sy/2012-10/16/content_1235220.htm |archive-date=2014-11-29 |website=Ta Kung Pao}} The unit often conducts joint exercises with the HKPF Marine Region, and also received training from the {{Ill|PLA Naval Submarine Academy|zh|中國人民解放軍海軍潛艇學院}}.

=== Training ===

The Maritime Special Service Team's training requirements include swimming 3000 meters with full gear, running 5000 meters, 200 push ups, sit ups and squats.{{Cite web |date=2017-07-09 |title=海上蛟龙 |url=http://www.china.com.cn/military/2017-07/09/content_41181000.htm |website=China.com}}

Guard Corps

{{External media|title=Badge of the Guard Corps|image1=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/23/129835969_15217713324921n.jpg}}Prior to the 2018 reform, the {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Guard Corps|zh|公安警卫部队}} ({{Lang-zh|c=公安警卫部队}}), officially known as the People's Armed Police Guard Corps ({{Lang-zh|c=武警警卫部队}}) was a branch of the People's Armed Police. After the 2018 reform, the Guard Corps were disbanded and re-organized into the {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Special Service Bureau|zh|公安部特勤局}} on January 1, 2019.{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=省公安厅特勤局举行集体换装入警宣誓仪式 |url=http://hunan.sina.cn/fazhi/2019-01-02/detail-ihqfskcn3252208.d.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130125655/http://hunan.sina.cn/fazhi/2019-01-02/detail-ihqfskcn3252208.d.html |archive-date=2020-11-30 |website=Sina |publisher=Hunan Provincial Public Security Department}}{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=公安边防、警卫部队举行集体换装和入警宣誓仪式 |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-01/02/content_5354108.htm |website=Central Government of the PRC}} Provincial Guard Corpss were also renamed to Guard Bureaus of provincial Public Security Departments.{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=中国人民武装警察部队 |url=http://sgzz.lzre.edu.cn/info/1123/1430.htm |website={{ill|Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University|zh|蘭州資源環境職業技術大學}}}} Similar to the Border Defense Corps and the {{Ill|China Fire Services|zh|公安消防部队}}, the Guard Corps were under the command of the {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Special Service Bureau|lt=Ministry of Public Security Guards Bureau|zh|公安部特勤局}} (now the Special Service Bureau) however its personnel were part of the PAP.{{Cite web |date=2017-11-17 |title=赵克志在公安部警卫局调研时强调 增强"四个意识" 贯彻"四个必须" 永远做让党和人民放心的忠诚卫士 |url=https://m.mps.gov.cn/n6935718/n6936554/c5921477/content.html |website=Ministry of Public Security}}

The Guard Corps were responsible for roles such as VIP protection, protecting important conferences along with provincial government leaders.{{Cite web |title=李理 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n5137689/n5172624/n5172626/n5172666/c5174217/content.html |website=MPS Honor Roll}}

= History =

Guard Corps personnel became part of the PAP on March 23, 1984.

The Guard Corps were responsible for protecting the World Conference on Women 1995, the handover of Hong Kong, the 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the Handover of Macau, the 2006 FOCAC summit, the 2008 Beijing Olympics, 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, APEC China 2014, the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, the 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit and the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.{{Cite web |title=王建军 |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n5137689/n5172624/n5172626/n5172666/c5174224/content.html |website=MPS Honor Roll}}

= Organization =

Before 2018, each province had its own Guard Corps Corps, which was under the Guards Bureau of the provincial Public Security Department. This was converted into Provincial Special Service Bureaus under the Provincial Public Security Department

China Fire Services

File:CHINA_FIRE_SERVICES_badge_中国消防警徽_标识.svg

File:China Fire Services Emblem.png

The {{Ill|China Fire Services|zh|公安消防部队}} (CFS), officially known as the Ministry of Public Security Firefighting Corps (公安消防部队) or the People's Armed Police Firefighting Corps (武警消防部队) in Chinese was China's primary firefighting agency prior to the 2018 reforms. After 2018, the China Fire Services was merged with the {{Ill|People's Armed Police Forestry Corps|zh|中國人民武裝警察部隊森林部隊}} to form the National Fire and Rescue Administration. China Fire Services personnel were part of PAP however the China Fire Services were organizationally speaking of the now defunct {{Ill|Ministry of Public Security Firefighting Bureau|zh|公安部消防局}}. On October 10, 2018, the CFS was disbanded.{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=应急管理部发布国家综合性消防救援队伍改革过渡期身份标识牌 |url=https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-10/10/content_5329078.htm |website=Chinese government}}

= History =

20 CFS firefighters died putting out the 2003 Hengyang fire.{{Cite web |date=2018-09-30 |title=你的名字,你的忠诚,依然清晰…… |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2492788 |website=The Paper}}

File:2008년_중앙119구조단_중국_쓰촨성_대지진_국제_출동(四川省_大地震,_사천성_대지진)_DSC09765.JPG]]

The China Fire Services were the first responders to the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. By May 18, 2008, the China Fire Services rescued 5796 people stuck under rubble, provided aid to 259 injured people, recovered the bodies of 639 bodies, provided relief to 3759 people who were stuck and evacuated 47152 more people and transported 705.3 tonnes of aid.{{Cite web |date=2008-05-18 |title=公安消防官兵在地震灾区抢救埋压人员5796人 |trans-title=China Fire Services firefighters rescue 5796 people |url=https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/c3944846/content.html |website=Ministry of Public Security}}

On June 27, 2012, in the China Fire Services Wuhai Fire Department's Wuda District 2nd Company, 8 older firefighters continuously beat and verbally abused 5 new firefighters as part of a hazing ritual. The footage was leaked onto Weibo on December 9, 2013, sparking public outrage; this incident is often referred to as the {{Ill|2013 Wuhai firefighter hazing incident|zh|2013年內蒙古烏海消防打新兵事件}}.{{Cite web |date=2013-12-10 |title=内蒙古消防老兵轮番暴打新兵 被打者鼻口出血 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1210/c70731-23794030.html |website=People's Daily}}{{Cite web |date=2013-12-10 |title=视频曝光内蒙消防老兵打新兵 |url=https://slide.news.sina.com.cn/c/slide_1_2841_38492.html/d/8#p=1 |website=Sina}}

On January 2, 2015, 5 firefighters of the China Fire Services Harbin Fire Department died during the {{Ill|2015 Harbin Warehouse Fire|zh|哈尔滨市道外区“1·2”火灾事故}}.{{Cite web |date=2015-01-02 |title=Five firefighters die in Harbin warehouse collapse |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1673176/firefighters-die-harbin-warehouse-collapse |website=South China Morning Post}}

File:812损毁消防车门车牌头盔.JPG

During the 2015 Tianjin explosions on August 12, 2015, the China Fire Services Tianjin Fire Department lost a total of 24 firefighters(dead or presumed dead) and had 69 more injured.{{Cite web |last=Xin |first=Wen |title=天津市公安消防总队长周天:这是一场史无前例的战斗 |url=http://f.china.com.cn/2015-08/26/content_36422992_2.htm |website=china.com}}

= Organization =

File:China_Fire_Services_Sichuan_Fire_Department.png

  • {{Ill|Beijing Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Beijing Fire Department|zh|北京市消防救援总队}} (Now Beijing Fire and Rescue)
  • {{Ill|Shanghai Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department|zh|上海市消防救援总队}} (Now Shanghai Fire and Rescue)
  • {{Ill|Tianjin Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Tianjin Fire Department|zh|天津市消防救援总队}} (Now Tianjin Fire and Rescue)
  • {{Ill|Chongqing Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Chongqing Fire Department|zh|重庆市消防救援总队}} (Now Chongqing Fire and Rescue)
  • China Fire Services Hebei Fire Department (Now Hebei Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Shanxi Fire Department (Now Shanxi Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Jilin Fire Department (Now Jilin Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Liaoning Fire Department (Now Liaoning Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Heilongjiang Fire Department (Now Heilongjiang Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Shaanxi Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Shaanxi Fire Department|zh|陕西省消防救援总队}} (Now Shaanxi Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Gansu Fire Department (Now Gansu Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Qinghai Fire Department (Now Qinghai Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Shandong Fire Department (Now Shandong Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Fujian Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Fujian Fire Department|zh|福建省消防救援总队}} (Now Fujian Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Zhejiang Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Zhejiang Fire Department|zh|浙江省消防救援总队}} (Now Zhejiang Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Henan Fire Department (Now Henan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill| Hubei Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Hubei Fire Department|zh|湖北省消防救援总队}} (Now Hubei Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Hunan Fire Department (Now Hunan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Jiangxi Fire Department (Now Jiangxi Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Jiangsu Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Jiangsu Fire Department|zh|江苏省消防救援总队}} (Now Jiangsu Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Anhui Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Anhui Fire Department|zh|安徽省消防救援总队}} (Now Anhui Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Guangdong Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Guangdong Fire Department|zh|广东省消防救援总队}} (Now Guangdong Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Hainan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Hainan Fire Department|zh|海南省消防救援总队}} (Now Hainan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Sichuan Fire Department (Now Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Guizhou Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Guizhou Fire Department|zh|贵州省消防救援总队}} (Now Guizhou Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Yunnan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Yunnan Fire Department|zh|云南省消防救援总队}} (Now Yunnan Provincial Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Inner Mongolia Fire Department (Now Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Xinjiang Fire Department (Now Xinjiang Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Ningxia Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Ningxia Fire Department|zh|宁夏回族自治区消防救援总队}} (Now Ningxia Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|Guangxi Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department|lt=China Fire Services Guangxi Fire Department|zh|广西壮族自治区消防救援总队}} (Now Guangxi Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department)
  • China Fire Services Tibet Fire Department (Now Tibet Autonomous Region Fire and Rescue Department)
  • {{Ill|National Fire and Rescue Administration Tianjin Training Corps|lt=China Fire Services Officer training base|zh|國家消防救援局天津訓練總隊}} (Now National Fire and Rescue Administration Tianjin Training Corps)
  • {{Ill|National Fire and Rescue Administration Kunming Training Corps|lt=China Fire Services Kunming Command Academy|zh|国家消防救援局昆明训练总队}} (Now National Fire and Rescue Administration Kunming Training Corps)
  • {{Ill|National Fire and Rescue Administration Nanjing Training Corps|lt=China Fire Services Nanjing Command Academy|zh|国家消防救援局南京训练总队}} (Now National Fire and Rescue Administration Nanjing Training Corps)

Equipment

= Firearms/Individual weapons =

  • Type 81 assault rifle - Used by Border Defense Corps{{Cite web |date=2018-12-25 |title=再见,武警边防,你好,人民警察 |trans-title=Goodbye, PAP Border Defense, Hello, People's Police |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/kuaibao_detail.jsp?contid=2772317&from=kuaibao |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=The Paper}}
  • QBZ-95 - Used by Border Defense Corps
  • Type 79 submachine gun - Used by Border Defense Corps
  • Crossbows - Used by Border Defense Corps
  • Type 74 flamethrower - Used by Border Defense Corps

= Vehicles =

= Helicopters =

  • Kamov Ka-32 - used by the {{Ill|Shanghai Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department|zh|上海市消防救援总队}}, transferred to the {{Ill|Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau Police Aviation Force|zh|上海市政府飞行队}}{{Cite web |date=2013-11-06 |title=上海首架消防直升机将投用-主要作用是救援 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1108/c70731-23481842.html |website=People's Daily}}

= Vessels =

  • Haijing 1001 cutter - part of the Border Defense Corps Shanghai Corps Coast Guard Flotilla,{{Cite web |date=2008-11-20 |title=Shanghai Border Defense Coast Guard Squadron conducts exercise |url=http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-11/20/content_1155568.htm |website=Chinese Chinese Government}} transferred to China Coast Guardhttps://www.andrewerickson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Chinas-Maritime-Gray-Zone-Operations_Volume_CHINESE-TRADITIONAL-TRANSLATION_Chapter_Erickson-Hickey-Holst.pdf
  • Haijing 015 cutter - part of the Border Defense Coast guard
  • Hufengxiao 01 fireboat - part of the {{Ill|Shanghai Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department|zh|上海市消防救援总队}} Jinshan Fire Department{{Cite web |date=2018-06-22 |title=上海首艘古镇消防船在金山上岗 水炮射程超30米 |url=http://news.cnr.cn/native/gd/20180622/t20180622_524279164.shtml |website=China National Radio}}
  • Gongbian 44101 - Part of Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment{{Cite web |title=深圳市公安局深切缅怀英烈:忠诚警魂不朽,英烈精神永存 |url=https://m.mp.oeeee.com/a/BAAFRD000020201001368719.html |website=Nanfang Daily}}{{Cite web |date=2005-11-09 |title=深港走私船狂撞缉私艇 一死六伤 |url=https://gb.crntt.com/crn-webapp/doc/docDetailCreate.jsp?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=100058456&mdate=0911123624 |website={{ill|China Review News Agency Limited|zh|中國評論通訊社}}}}
  • Gongbian 44102 - Part of Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment{{Cite web |date=2006-04-23 |title=深圳边防武警1死5伤 |url=https://news.sohu.com/20060423/n242949042.shtml |website=Sohu |publisher={{ill|Xi'an Evening News|zh|西安晚报}}}}
  • Gongbian 44104 - Part of Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment
  • Gongbian 44110 - Part of Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment
  • Gongbian 44113 - Part of Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment

File:PAP StW WJ粤2025B(CRP).jpg|Border Defense Corps Foshan Detachment Chengfeng Liebao

File:People's Armed Police Safeguard Corps Audi A6.jpg|Audi A6 C6 of the Guard Corps

File:XingangShipyardChinaCoastGuardCutter.jpg|Border Defense Coast Guard Haijing 015

File:PAP GW (ELW?) WJ京6604J.jpg|Guard Corps Beijing Corps MAN CLA

File:Jianchuan museum fire truck.jpg|A former China Fire Services Chengdu Fire Department Dongfeng EQ2102 in the Jianchuan Museum Cluster 2008 Earthquake exhibit

File:Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau Police Aviation Force Kamov Ka-32A-11BC.jpg|China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department Ka-32

File:Lijiang fire engine - panoramio.jpg|A former China Fire Services Lijiang Fire Department ATV

File:厦门市公安消防支队思明区大队厦港中队.jpg|Fire trucks of the former China Fire Services Xiamen Fire Department

File:Feuerwehrübung Yichang Wasserwerfer 20121107 440.jpg|A former China Fire Services Yichang Fire Department Dongfeng EQ2102 ladder truck

File:F StW WJ赣0732X.jpg|China Fire Services Jiujiang Fire Department Volkswagen Santana fire marshal vehicle

File:F RW WJ赣6569X.jpg|China Fire Services Jiujiang Fire Department Isuzu Forward

File:F KdoW WJ赣0059X.jpg|China Fire Services Jiujiang Fire Department Maxus G10

File:Dongfeng firetruck.jpg|A China Fire Services Garze Fire Department Dongfeng EQ140

File:Chinese Fire Engine Lijiang.jpg|Fire trucks of the China Fire Services Lijiang Fire Department

File:2008년 중앙119구조단 중국 쓰촨성 대지진 국제 출동(四川省 大地震, 사천성 대지진) IMG 1774.JPG|China Fire Services Ziyang Fire Department fire truck conducting disaster relief after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

File:F FTLF@ZSN1.jpg|China Fire Services Zhongshan Department fire engine

File:Feuerwehrübung Yichang TLF 20121107 434.jpg|A China Fire Services Yichang Fire Department HOWO fire truck

File:Mercedes-Benz Actros 4141 V8 8*4 Fire Engine @ Bengbu Anhui China.jpg|China Fire Services Bengbu fire department Mercedes-Benz Actros

File:Shanghai Center Fire 2 (2477258043).jpg|{{Ill|Shanghai Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department|zh|上海市消防救援总队}} Fire engines

File:Fireboat and Taipingqiao Bridge in Fengjing Town.jpg|{{Ill|Shanghai Fire and Rescue|lt=China Fire Services Shanghai Fire Department|zh|上海市消防救援总队}} Jinshan Fire Department Hufengxiao 01 fire boat

Line of duty deaths

{{Main|List of People's Armed Police personnel killed in the line of duty}}

See also

References