Moša Pijade

Moša Pijade ({{Lang-cyrl|Мoшa Пијаде}}, alternate English transliteration Moshe Piade; {{OldStyleDateDY|3 January|1890|22 December 1889}}{{efn|name=fn1|According to most sources, Pijada was born on 4 January 1890 (Gregorian calendar). But, Serbia was using the Julian (Old Style) calendar until 1919. Sources that use the Old Style all say that he was born on 22 December 1889.{{cite book | url=https://pretraziva.rs/show/ko-je-ko-u-jugoslaviji.pdf | title=Ko je ko u Jugoslaviji | publisher=Jugoslovenski godišnjak, Nova Evropa | year=1928 |language=sh| location=Zagreb | pages=116}}{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHZJCqXsE-kC&q=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%2022.%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0 | title=Комеморативни скуп поводом смрти академика Моше Пијаде | publisher=Serbian Academy of Sciences | year=1957 | location=Belgrade | language=sh}} Pijade himself wrote that his 14th birthday was on 22 December 1903. In 19th century, the difference between Gregorian and Julian calendars was 12 days. Thus, 22 December 1889 corresponds to 3 January 1890 (see Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars). The misunderstanding stems from the fact that the difference between the calendars grew to 13 days after 1900, thus Pijade's birthday (22 December Old Style) only became 4 January New Style after 1900.}} – 15 March 1957), was a Serbian and Yugoslav painter, journalist, Communist Party politician, World War II participant, and a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito. He was the full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. During the Interwar period in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Pijade was an accomplished painter, but spent almost 15 years in prison because of his communist activity. He took active role in the People's Liberation War and was one of main leaders of the Partisans. After the WWII and creation of socialist Yugoslavia, he became a prominent politician and was the president of the Federal Parliament from 1954 until his death.

Life and career

Pijade was born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, on {{OldStyleDateDY|3 January|1890|22 December 1889}}{{efn|name=fn1}} into a family of Sephardic Jewish origin. His father Samuilo Pijade was a rich merchant. In his youth, Pijade studied painting. In 1906, he moved to Munich, Germany to study painting. Soon after, his father went bankrupt, so Pijade could not afford to continue studies. He then moved to Paris, France where he spent a year, and then moved to Brittany where he painted landscapes.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=Moša Pijade - kad revolucija pobedi slikarstvo |url=https://www.bbc.com/serbian/lat/srbija-60693606 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=BBC News na srpskom |language=sr-latn}}

After returning to Belgrade in 1910, Pijade also became a journalist and political caricaturist.{{Cite journal |date=1 January 1927 |title=Pojava i razvitak političke karikature u Srbiji |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00081_19270101|page:1|query:mo%C5%A1a%20pijade%20karikatura |journal=Štampa |pages=45}} In 1913, he moved to Ohrid in then-southern Serbia, where he worked as an art teacher, but also taught French and German. When the World War I broke out in 1914, he volunteered to serve in the Serbian Army, but was refused. Next year, he moved back to Belgrade where he worked for the Pravda newspaper until the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia in September 1915. During the occupation, Pijade worked as a waiter in Ćuprija and then as an advertising professional in Valjevo.

In 1919, in Belgrade, he established daily newspaper Slobodna reč ("Free word"). In 1920, he started to collaborate with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) newspaper Radničke novine ("Workers' news"). The same year, he became the member of the CPY. At the elections for the city assembly of Belgrade held on 22 August 1920, Pijade was elected member of the assembly as a candidate of CPY.{{Cite journal |date=23 August 1920 |title=ЈУЧЕРАШЊИ ИЗБОРИ |url=http://www.digitalna.nb.rs/view/URN:NB:RS:SD_2F6F6602455A67B1B521D786232CBF4A-1920-08-23 |journal=Politika |issue=4430 |pages=1}} CPY won majority of seats and was expected to elect communist mayor (Filip Filipović) and municipal council, yet the government prevented them from taking their seats under the false pretext that they did not take the oath properly.{{Cite journal |date=27 August 1920 |title=Комунисте у општини |url=http://www.digitalna.nb.rs/view/URN:NB:RS:SD_2F6F6602455A67B1B521D786232CBF4A-1920-08-27 |journal=Politika |issue=4434 |pages=1}}

In 1922, Pijade was delegate at the second conference of the Balkan Communist Federation in Sofia, Bulgaria.{{Cite journal |date=January 1950 |title=Šezdesetgodišnjica druga Moše Pijade |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00124_19500101|page:32 |journal=Narodna milicija |issue=1 |pages=32}}

= Ban of the CPY =

In 1921, he became a member of the party's executive committee, after the previous committee was arrested due to a ban on communist activity. Soon, the CPY was banned altogether and went underground. In this period, he re-established Slobodna reč, now as a weekly. In 1923, in a bid to legalize their work, the communists established a cover party named Independent Workers' Party of Yugoslavia (IWPY), where Pijade became active. He was the editor of that party's newspaper Radnik ("The Worker"), and after Radnik was banned, he edited Okovani radnik ("Chained worker").{{Cite journal |date=16 March 1957 |title=Верни син Партије и народа |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570316|page:2|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=2}} The IWPY won no seats at the 1923 and 1925 parliamentary elections.{{Cite book |last=Stanojević |first=St. |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00149_19290101|page:290|query:%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0 |title=Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka |publisher=Bibliografski zavod D. D. |year=1929 |volume=IV |location=Zagreb |pages=290 |language=sh}} Eventually, the IWPY was banned, too.{{Cite journal |date=11 January 1953 |title=ОСНИВАЊЕ И ЗАБРАНА НЕЗАВИСНЕ РАДНИЧКЕ ПАРТИЈЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19530111|page:2|query:%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=2}} During the internal struggle between the "rightist" and "leftist" factions inside the CPY during the 1920s, Pijade opposed the rightists, who led the party at that time. He fervently argued for Leninism and Bolshevism.{{Cite journal |date=4 January 1950 |title=Веран син наше Партије |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19500104|page:1|query:%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9B |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=1,3}}

After the ban of the IWPY, the CPY tasked Pijade with establishing a secret communist print shop in Belgrade. The print shop secretly published communist leaflets and a magazine called Komunist. In February 1925, the print shop was discovered by the police and Pijade was sentenced to 12 years in prison due to "anti-state activity" (Initially to 20 years, but reduced after an appeal{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1926 |title=Моша Пијаде и Коста Чипчић спроведени су јуче у Пожаревац |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00043_19260209|page:6|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0 |journal=Vreme |pages=6}}). In 1934, while in prison, he was sentenced to two additional years because of communist activity in the prison. While in the Lepoglava Prison, Pijade met Josip Broz Tito, who was serving a five-year sentence. They remained close friends and associates until his death. Pijade served out his full sentence and was released in April 1939.

While in the Sremska Mitrovica Prison, Pijade translated Das Kapital by Karl Marx into Serbo-Croatian (under the pseudonym Porobić).{{Cite journal |date=8 May 1943 |title=СУШТИНА И ЦИЉЕВИ МАРКСИЗМА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00032_19430508|page:4|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3 |journal=Srpski Narod |pages=4}} He also translated The Communist Manifesto, The Poverty of Philosophy, and the introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. While he was imprisoned, Pijade's paintings became part of collection of the Prince Paul Museum in Belgrade.{{Cite journal |date=15 March 1930 |title=МУЗЕЈ КНЕЗА ПАВЛА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00005_19300315|page:24|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%98 |journal=Beogradske opštinske novine |pages=24}}

After returning home in 1939, Pijade immediately continued his communist activities, so he was arrested again in January 1940 and taken to the Bileća prison. He was released in April 1940, only to be arrested again in February 1941. He was released on 4 April 1941, two days before the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. After being released from prison in 1939, Pijade met and then married Lepa Nešić, a widow and member of the CPY. At the 5th National Conference of the CPY in October 1940, Pijade was elected member of the Central Committee.

= World War II =

File:Tito and Moša Pijade 1942.jpg

During the April War, Pijade relocated from Belgrade to Montenegro, where he was one of the leaders of the communist-led uprising against the Axis occupation (July 1941), which was part of the wider communist-led anti-Axis struggle. The uprising saw initial success, and most of the territory of Montenegro was temporarily liberated. Under the influence of Pijade and Milovan Đilas, Montenegrin Partisans pursued an extreme form of prosecution of perceived class enemies and those who were not willing to submit to the communist authorities. This policy was later condemned by the CPY and deemed "Leftist errors".{{cite book |last=Goulding |first=Daniel J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6KOL-DnxIkC&pg=PA14 |title=Liberated Cinema: The Yugoslav Experience, 1945–2001 |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-253-34210-4 |page=14 |quote=Under the influence of Milovan Djilas and the Marxist intellectual Mosa Pijade, however, the Partisan forces in Montenegro followed an extremist political line}} During this period, many "enemies of the people" were killed by the Partisans.

In late 1941, Pijade was transferred to the main Partisan headquarters. There, he was not in charge of military actions, but was organizing supplies and administration of the liberated territories. In the meantime, almost all his family perished in the Holocaust. His sisters Šelika and Micika and brothers Josif and David were all killed in the Sajmište concentration camp in Belgrade, while his brother Velizar was shot in Niš. Pijade's wife Lepa was with him and the Partisans during the whole war.

Pijade was the main author of two documents that were adopted by the main headquarters in Foča on 3 February 1942. Those two documents, collectively known as the "Foča Regulations" defined the way in which Partisan-liberated territories were to be administrated by People's Liberation Councils, and the organization of those councils.{{Cite journal |date=20 June 1965 |title=РЕВОЛУЦИОНАР И ХУМАНИСТА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19650620|article:article1491|page:11|block:ComposedBlock116 |journal=Borba |pages=11}} Foča Regulations were later celebrated by the communists as the basis of the new post-war system of governance.{{Cite journal |date=3 February 1961 |title=КАЛЕНДАР ДОГАЂАЈА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19610203|page:12 |journal=Borba |pages=12}}

Pijade was one of the main organizers of the First session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in Bihać in November 1942. AVNOJ was the highest executive body of the communist-led People's Front. At the second session of AVNOJ in Jajce in November 1943, Pijade was elected its vice-president. Just before the Jajce session, Pijade initiated the foundation of Tanjug, Partisan news agency which, after the war, became the state news agency of Yugoslavia. Pijade said that one of the main tasks is to quickly inform the allied public about the AVNOJ session and its decisions, so to win their sympathy for Partisans' cause.{{Cite web |last=Radulović |first=Dušan |date=14 August 2013 |title=Kratka istorija slave i propasti |url=https://vreme.com/vreme/kratka-istorija-slave-i-propasti/ |website=Vreme}}

Pijade held high political posts during World War II and was a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, being one of leaders of Tito's partisans. His noms de guerre were Čiča Janko (Uncle Janko) and Šiki.{{Cite book |last=Broz Tito |first=Josip |url=https://www.pisi.co.rs/h-content/uploads/2020/01/Josip-Broz-Tito-Sabrana-djela-9-pisi.pdf |title=Sabrana djela |publisher=Komunist; BIGZ; Naprijed |year=1982 |volume=IX |location=Belgrade |pages=327}}

= Later career =

For his services during the war, Pijade was subsequently awarded the Order of the People's Hero of Yugoslavia, Order of People's Liberation, and the Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941.{{Cite journal |date=19 March 1957 |title=ОПРОШТАЈ НА ТРГУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570319|page:3|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%20%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=3}} He continued to maintain an important role in the government of the newly proclaimed Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the Vice Presidents of the Temporary National Assembly (1945), vice president of the Presidium of the National Assembly (deputy head of state) between 1945 and 1953, vice-president of the Federal Executive Council (government) between 1953 and 1954, and then president of the Federal People's Assembly (1954-57).

In August 1945, Pijade delivered a report at the 3rd (last) session of AVNOJ.{{Cite journal |date=8 August 1945 |title=Извештај Претседништва Антифашистичког већа народног ослобођења Југославије |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450808|page:3|query:%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=3–4}} At the session, AVNOJ was transformed into the Temporary National Assembly and Moše Pijade stayed its vice-president.{{Cite journal |date=11 August 1945 |title=АВНОЈ проглашен Привременом народном скупштином Демократске Федеративне Југославије |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450811|page:1|query:%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=1}} He was the chair of the Legislative committee of the Assembly.{{Cite journal |date=25 August 1945 |title=Једанаеста седница Законодавног одбора Привремене народне скупштине |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450825|page:4|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=4}} In September, he was named the chair of the council that was tasked with implementing agrarian reform.{{Cite journal |date=1 September 1945 |title=ИМЕНОВАЊЕ ПРЕТСЕДНИКА И ЧЛАНОВА АГРАРНОГ САВЕТА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450901|page:3|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=3}} At the 1945 parliamentary election, he was elected member of the Constituent Assembly as a representative of the City of Belgrade constituency.{{Cite journal |date=26 September 1945 |title=Изборни одбор Народног фронта Србије одредио је носиоце окружних листа |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450926|page:2|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA |journal=Borba |pages=2}} He was member of the committee that was tasked with the preparation of the text of the new constitution{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1946 |title=Завршен је претрес нацрта Устава у појединостима пред Уставотворним одборима Народне скупштине |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19460103|page:1|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=1}} that was eventually ratified as the 1946 Constitution of Yugoslavia. After new constitution was adopted, the Constituent Assembly was transformed into the National Assembly{{Cite journal |date=1 February 1946 |title=УСТАВОТВОРНА СКУПШТИНА ПРОГЛАСИЛА ЈЕ УСТАВ ФЕДЕРАТИВНЕ НАРОДНЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19460201|page:1|query:%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=1}} and Pijade was elected vice-president of the Presidium of the National Assembly, a post he held until it was abolished in 1953. In January 1953, Pijade was elected vice-president of the Federal Executive Council.{{Cite journal |date=15 January 1953 |title=Избор Савезног извршног већа |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19530115|page:3|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=3}} He stayed on that post until January 1954, when he was elected president of the Federal National Assembly.{{Cite journal |date=30 January 1954 |title=Моша Пијаде нови претседник Савезне народне скупштине |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19540130|page:1|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=1}} He stayed on that post until his death.

At the 5th Congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (July 1948), Pijade was re-elected member of the Central Committee and then was elected member of the 5th Politburo. During the Tito–Stalin split (1948) and the subsequent Informbiro period, Pijade strongly supported Tito's line. At the 6th Congress (November 1952), he was again elected member of the Central Committee and member of the 6th Executive Committee (former Politburo). In 1950, Pijade was admitted full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.{{Cite journal |date=19 November 1950 |title=МОША ПИЈАДЕ ИЗАБРАН ЗА РЕДОВНОГ ЧЛАНА СРПСКЕ АКАДЕМИЈЕ НАУКА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19501119|page:4|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=4}}

In 1948 Pijade convinced Tito to allow those Jews who remained in Yugoslavia to emigrate to Israel. Tito agreed on a one-time exception basis. As a result, 3,000 Jews emigrated from Yugoslavia to Israel on the SS Kefalos in December 1948. Among those was Tommy Lapid, who became Deputy Prime Minister of Israel and was the father of Yair Lapid.Yair Lapid Memories After My Death: The Story of Joseph 'Tommy' Lapid, p. 81

= Death and legacy =

On 15 March 1957, Pijade arrived to Paris from London, where he had talks as leader of a Yugoslav parliamentary delegation. The plane arrived to Le Bourget Airport around 1:30 PM.{{Cite journal |date=16 March 1957 |title=УМРЕ НАМ ЧИЧА |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570316|page:3|query:%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=3}} Pijade stayed with his wife at the residence of Yugoslav ambassador Aleš Bebler. In the afternoon, Pijade and his wife took a walk at the Parc Monceau. During the walk, he felt ill, so they returned to the residence. There, he tried to relax, but his condition worsened, so a doctor was called, but he could not help. Pijade died at 6:15 PM.{{Cite journal |date=16 March 1957 |title=УМРО ЈЕ МОША ПИЈАДЕ |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570316|page:1|query:%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba|language=sh |pages=1}} The cause of death was reported as coronary thrombosis.{{Cite journal |date=16 March 1957 |title=Смрт је наступила услед срчаног напада |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570316|page:3|query:%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=3}}

His body was transferred to Belgrade on 16 March and lay in state in the House of the Federal Assembly.{{Cite journal |date=17 March 1957 |title=Моша Пијаде - револуционар непоколебљивог духа |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570317|page:1|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=1}} On March 18, he was buried at the Tomb of People's Heroes inside the Belgrade Fortress. According to the official count, the state funeral was attended by 300,000 people. Tito, Lidija Šentjurc (vice-president of the Federal People's Assembly), Miloš Minić and Siniša Stanković gave eulogies.{{Cite journal |date=19 March 1957 |title=НЕКА ТИ ЈЕ ВЕЧНА СЛАВА, ДРАГИ НАШ ДРУЖЕ МОШО |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19570319|page:1|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |language=sh|pages=1}} Following Pijade's death, Federal Executive Council declared five days of national mourning (March 15-19).

Streets and schools in many cities of the former Yugoslavia were once named after him. Many of those names were removed following the Breakup of Yugoslavia due to decommunization. In 1994, there were 22 elementary schools in Serbia named after Moša Pijade.{{Cite journal |last=Mladenović |first=Božica |year=1997 |title=У лавиринту традиција: од "Св. Саве" до "Митраљете" и "Ћићка" (Савремени називи основних школа у Србији) |trans-title=In the Labyrint of Tradition: from "Saint Sava" to "Mitraljeta" and "Ćićko" (Contemporary School Names in Serbia) |url=http://udi.rs/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GDI-1997-1.pdf |journal=Annual of Social History |volume=IV |issue=1 |pages=97–111}} {{As of|2024}}, eight of those schools are still named "Moša Pijade".[https://euprava.gov.rs/media/Uputstva/Adresar_osnovnih_skola.pdf Контакт подаци основних, музичких и балетских школа], euprava.gov.rs There are around 40 streets in Serbia named after Pijade as of 2024.[https://data.gov.rs/sr/datasets/adresni-registar/ Адресни регистар] at DATA.GOV.RS One street in Maribor is named "Moše Pijade".{{Cite web |title=Register nepremične kulturne dediščine |url=http://giskd2s.situla.org/rkd/Opis.asp?Esd=7541 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=giskd2s.situla.org}}

Moša Pijade monument is located in front of the Politika a.d. building in downtown Belgrade. It was unveiled in 1969{{Cite web |date=1969-07-07 |title=Spomenik Moši Pijade u Beogradu |url=https://skulptura-hronologijaizlaganja.rs/https-skulptura-hronologijaizlaganja-rs-spomenik-mosi-pijade-u-beogradu/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Hronologija izlaganja skulpture u Srbiji |language=sr-RS}} and declared a cultural monument in 1987.{{Cite web |title=Споменик Моши Пијаде |url=https://nasledje.gov.rs/index.cfm/spomenici/pregled_spomenika?spomenik_id=45300 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=nasledje.gov.rs}} A monument in Zagreb, authored by Antun Augustinčić, was unveiled in 1961,{{Cite journal |date=29 November 1961 |title=У Загребу откривен споменик Моши Пијаде |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19611129|page:16 |journal=Borba |pages=16}} placed near an adult education college at the time named after Pijade, but the institution was since renamed and the monument moved in 1993 from that location in Trnje to an unrelated location in Maksimir, near the nursing home named after Lavoslav Schwarz.{{Cite web |date=29 April 2012 |title=Moša Pijade |url=http://www.zagrebacki.info/2012/04/mosa-pijade.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910003832/http://www.zagrebacki.info/2012/04/mosa-pijade.html |archive-date=10 September 2015 |website=Zagrebački.info}} Another Moša Pijade monument is located in front of the AVNOJ Museum in Jajce.{{Cite web |title=Početna strana |url=https://www.muzejavnoj.ba/pocetna-strana |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=www.muzejavnoj.ba}} There is also a bust of Moša Pijade in Podgorica.{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Oskrnavljena spomen-bista Moše Pijade na Bulevaru Ivana Crnojevića |url=https://www.pobjeda.me/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |lang=sh|website=Pobjeda}} The monument dedicated to Pijade in Sisak was removed after the breakup of Yugoslavia.Mirić, Anja, [http://darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/10725/1/Anja%20Miri%C4%87%20-%20Diplomski%20rad%20NOB1-converted.pdf Spomenici revolucije na području grada Zagreba: mjesta sjećanja i zaborava], Diplomski rad, SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU, 2018

Pijade has been commemorated on Yugoslavian postage stamps twice. First, in 1968, as part of the "People's heroes" issue,Michel YU 1312, Yvert et Tellier YU 1205, Stanley Gibbons YU 1355 and then in 1982 on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the Foča regulations.Michel YU 1916, Yvert et Tellier YU 1802, Stanley Gibbons YU 2013

File:Споменик Моши Пијаде 2013-09-09 01-22-52.jpg|Moša Pijade monument in Belgrade

File:Moša Pijade, Zagreb.JPG|Monument in Zagreb by Antun Augustinčić

File:Spomenik Moši Pijadi u Jajcu.jpg|Monument in Jajce

Awards

70x70px Order of the People's Hero (1953){{Cite journal |date=29 November 1953 |title=Одликовани Орденом народног хероја |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19531129|page:15|query:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%20 |journal=Borba |pages=15}}
70x70px Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour (1949){{Cite journal |date=1 January 1950 |title=Друг Моша Пијаде одликован Орденом јунака социјалистичког рада |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19500101|page:2|query:%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5 |journal=Borba |pages=2}}
70x70px Order of People's Liberation (1945){{Cite journal |date=28 February 1945 |title=Претседништво Антифашистичког већа народног ослобођења Југославије одлиновало је Орденом народног ослобођења маршала Југославије Јосипа Броза-Тита |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19450228|page:1|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0 |journal=Borba |pages=1}}
70x70px Order of the Partisan Star, 1st class (1951){{Cite journal |date=22 December 1951 |title=Едвард Кардељ одликован Орденом народног хероја |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19511222|page:8|query:%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%81%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0 |journal=Borba |pages=8}}
70x70px Order of the Brotherhood and Unity, 1st class (1947){{Cite journal |date=5 June 1947 |title=Укази Президијума Народне скупштине ФНРЈ о одликовању |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19470605|page:2|query:%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0 |journal=Borba |pages=2}}
70x70px Order of Bravery (1947)
70x70px Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941
Albania:
70x70px Order of Freedom, 1st class (1946){{Cite journal |date=5 December 1946 |title=Претседнику Президијума Народне скупштине ФНРЈ др Ивану Рибару и потпретседнику Моши Пијаде предата су висока албанска одликовања |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19461205|page:2|query:%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD |journal=Borba |pages=2}}
Egypt:
70x70px Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile (1956){{Cite journal |date=14 July 1956 |title=Висока одликовања |url=https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19560714|page:5 |journal=Borba |language=sh |pages=5}}
Ethiopia:
70x70px Order of the Holy Trinity{{Fact|date=March 2024}}
Greece:
70x70px Order of George I{{Fact|date=March 2024}}

Notes and references

=Notes=

=References=

External links

[http://ha-historion.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html Sephardic Jews and Communism]
{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Heather|title=Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans: The Special Operations Executive and Yugoslavia, 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYCjAL91iZcC&pg=PA69|year=2003|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-592-3}}

Category:1890 births

Category:1957 deaths

Category:Politicians from Belgrade

Category:Serbian people of World War II

Category:Serbian Sephardi Jews

Category:Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero

Category:Deputy prime ministers of Yugoslavia

Category:League of Communists of Serbia politicians

Category:Members of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia

Category:Members of the Politburo of the 5th Congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia

Category:Members of the Executive Committee of the 6th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 4th Congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia