Mohamed Hamad Satti
{{Short description|Sudanese physician (1913-2005)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mohamed Hamad Satti
| native_name = محمد حمد ساتي
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = Satti 1954.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1913
| birth_place = Shendi, Sudan
| death_date = {{death date and age|2005|3|15|1913|df=yes}}
| death_place = Khartoum, Sudan
| resting_place = Faroug Cemetery, Khartoum
| other_names =
| nationality =
| fields = {{Hlist|Bacteriology|Zoological medicine|Epidemiology|Forensic medicine|Pathology}}
| workplaces = University of Khartoum
World Health Organization
| alma_mater =
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year =
| doctoral_advisor =
| known_for =
| awards = Shousha Prize, WHO
Order of the Two Niles
| website =
| education = Kitchener School of Medicine
Johns Hopkins
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_prefix =
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed=yes
| term_start = 1963
| term_end = 1968
| office = Director of the Stack Medical Research Laboratories
| successor = Mahmoud Abdel Rahman Ziada
| predecessor = Mansour Ali Haseeb
| president = Ibrahim Abboud (1958–1964)
Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa (acting)
Sovereignty Council (1964–1965)
Ismail al-Azhari
}}
}}
Mohamed Hamad Satti ({{Langx|ar|محمد حمد ساتي}}, 1913 – 15 March 2005) was a Sudanese physician that is remembered as The father of Medical research in Sudan. He had a very philanthropic approach to medicine, and was known for being an entertaining educator who linked scientific information with stories from his fieldwork. Satti received the Shousha Prize from the World Health Organization, and the Order of the Two Niles. Dr Satti Foundation for medical research was created in his honour.
Life and career
= Early life and education =
Mohamed Hamad Satti was born in Shendi, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, in 1913. His father passed away when he was 15. He attended the elementary and intermediate schools in Atbara, before joining Gordon Memorial College (Secondary school) in 1927. He graduated with a Diploma of Kitchener School of Medicine (DKSM) (today’s Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum), in 1935.{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://media.tghn.org/site_finder/sites/documents/Mohamed_Hamad_Satti_his_life_and_work.pdf |title=Mohamed Hamad Satti: Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology |date=2019-04-30 |publisher=Sudan Medical Heritage Foundation Publications |isbn=978-1-0964-3574-7 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205204153/https://books.google.com/books?id=2VRJxQEACAAJ |archive-date=2022-12-05 |url-status=live}}File:Satti 1952.jpg
Satti then started his medical training working as a medical officer in areas endemic to Leishmaniasis between 1936 and 1946 including Singa and Port-Sudan.{{Cite web |title=محمد حمد ساتي (شيخ العلماء السودانيين) |trans-title=Mohamed Hamad Satti (1913-2005), The Father of Medical Research in Sudan, His life and work: Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology |url=http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2009/04/dr-mohamed-hamad-satti.html |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=محمد حمد ساتي (شيخ العلماء السودانيين) |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128201439/http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2009/04/dr-mohamed-hamad-satti.html |url-status=live }} He joined Stack Medical Research Laboratories in 1946, before moving to the United Kingdom and completing a postgraduate degree in internal medicine (1952–1954) where he was also the President of the Sudanese Student Society in the UK.{{Cite book |last1=Madey |first1=Scott F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9xBEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA186 |title=Music, Wellness, and Aging: Defining, Directing, and Celebrating Life |last2=VonDras |first2=Dean D. |date=2021-10-21 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-84469-7 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225205/https://books.google.com/books?id=a9xBEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA186 |url-status=live }} Once he was back in Sudan, he was appointed as a medical zoologist, where he started with a study on a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in 1956, before going to the United States and completing a master's degree in Public Health at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore.
= Career =
Satti was elected a member of the World Health Organization Advisory Panel of parasitic diseases (1962–1980). He also became the director of Stack Medical Research Laboratories (1963–1968), succeeding Mansour Ali Haseeb who left the position to become the first Sudanese Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum.
Satti occupied several posts in the {{III|Ministry of Health (Sudan)|lt=Sudanese Ministry of Health|ar|وزارة الصحة الاتحادية}}. He was an educator at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum (1946–1948, 1963–1969) and a researcher of bacteriology, medical zoology, epidemiology, forensic medicine, and pathology.{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Medical News |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29519416 |journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) |volume=290 |issue=6482 |pages=1667–1669 |jstor=29519416 |issn=0267-0623 |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128195248/https://www.jstor.org/stable/29519416 |url-status=live }} He laid the foundation of several laboratories and tropical medicine research centres in Sudan which include the National Health Laboratories, the Cancer Institute for Tropical Diseases Research, the Medical Research Council (1966), the School of Tropical Medicine (1966), the National Council for Research (1970), and the Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology.{{Cite book |last=lil-Burhūth |first=Sudan Majlis al-Qawmī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EO5QAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=Science Policy and Annual Report For... of the National Council for Research |date=1973 |publisher=National Council for Research |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225228/https://books.google.com/books?id=EO5QAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Haseeb |first=Mansour Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb0sAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA9 |title=Monograph on Biomedical Research in the Sudan |date=1973 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225223/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb0sAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA9 |url-status=live }} He was the director of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Research at the Medical Research Council, Sudan.
Satti did not have a private clinic throughout his career. He was known for being an entertaining educator who linked scientific information with stories from his fieldwork. Satti had a very philanthropic approach to medicine as he once repurposed his private car as an ambulance.
Once he retired in 1969, he became an advisor to the Sudanese Medical Research Association.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz7wUqjZUFIC&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=WHO Chronicle |date=1985 |publisher=World Health Organization |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325234805/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz7wUqjZUFIC&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }} He worked with WHO as a consultant epidemiologist and public health advisor to study the environmental effects of Lake Nasser in 1970.{{Cite book |last=Squires |first=Herbert Chavasse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHQ0AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=The Sudan Medical Service: An Experiment in Social Medicine |date=1958 |publisher=Heinemann Medical Books |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325234752/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHQ0AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }} He was the Vice Chairman of the WHO Onchocerciasis Expert Committee in 1986.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9xOAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology |date=1962 |publisher=Annals Publishing Company |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225147/https://books.google.com/books?id=M9xOAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }}
= Personal life and death =
Satti was married to Fatma Hassan el Nor and with her, they had thirteen children. He died from natural causes on 15 March 2005, and was buried in Faroug Cemetery, Khartoum.{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLqatwAACAAJ |title=Mohamed Hamad Satti: The Father of Medical Research in Sudan : His Life and Work (1913-2005) : Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology |date=2019 |publisher=Sudan Medical Heritage Foundation |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314134434/https://books.google.com/books?id=iLqatwAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
Research
File:Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan and Mohamed Hamad Satti.jpg, HV Morgan and Satti. 2nd row, far left, Ahmed M. El Hassan. ca. 1965]]
Satti carried out extensive field and laboratory work on leishmaniasis in eastern and southern Sudan, yellow fever in the Nuba Mountains and Kurmuk,{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |title=Traditional Sudanese Medicine: A Primer for Healthcare Providers, Researchers and Students |date=2019-04-27 |publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Print Us |isbn=978-1-0951-8247-5 |language=en |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130165122/https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |url-status=live }} Klumpke paralysis and cutaneous larva migranes in Kordofan, onchocerciasis in Bahr el Ghazal, malaria in Shendi, Hepatitis C, cholera and Leptospirosis on Nuer people, schistosomiasis in Gezira, typhoid in Western Sudan, smallpox on the Beni Halba tribe in Singa, jaundice in Al Qadarif,{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt3YAAAAMAAJ |title=Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond |date=1991 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute |isbn=978-0-7486-0261-2 |language=en |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225229/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt3YAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }} presbycusis in the Mabans tribe living southern Funj, filariasis in Geneina,{{Cite journal |last1=Satti |first1=Mohammed Hamad |last2=Satti |first2=Gwiria Mohammed Hamad |date=2012 |title=Book Review |journal=Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=115–122 |issn=0256-4408 |pmc=4949813}} the adverse effects of the consumption of high-nitrate-well-water in two villages in North Kordofan, and health aspects of Rahad Irrigation Project.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBpSzgEACAAJ&sitesec=reviews |title=شيخ العلماء الدكتور محمد حمد ساتي: نذر العلم في خدمة بحوث الطب |date=2013 |publisher=Dār Madārik lil-Nashr |language=ar |trans-title=Sheikh of Scientists, Dr. Muhammad Hamad Sati: A vow of science in the service of medical research |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225219/https://books.google.com/books?id=xBpSzgEACAAJ&sitesec=reviews |url-status=live }}
He presented his research at the first Italian Conference of Tropical Medicine in East Africa, Asmara,{{Cite book |last=Kenya |first=Library of Congress Library of Congress Office, Nairobi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y6kFHYTX_MEC&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=Accessions List, Eastern Africa |date=1981 |publisher=Library of Congress Office |language=en}} in 1952, and the International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria (1958–1986).{{Cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Kenrad E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoDL8rPA4lcC&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Theory and Practice |last2=Williams |first2=Carolyn Masters |date=2007 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-0-7637-2879-3 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225229/https://books.google.com/books?id=XoDL8rPA4lcC&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }} He left a legacy of scientific excellence that earned him the name The father of Medical research in Sudan.{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Charles Campbell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efNEAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |title=Diseases and "development" in Africa |date=1969 |publisher=Michigan State University |language=en |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325225148/https://books.google.com/books?id=efNEAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Hamad+Satti%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live}}
Awards and honours
Satti received an Honorary Doctor of Science in 1980 from the University of Khartoum. He received the Shousha Prize from the World Health Organization in 1985,{{Cite web |title=Public health prizes and awards |url=https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |publisher=World Health Organization |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219215505/https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html |url-status=live }} and was awarded the Order of the Two Niles in 1989. In 2011, a foundation, Dr Satti Foundation for medical research, was established in his honour.{{Cite web |title=Dr Satti Foundation |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7wk7bzpv0xOJlYpAgRjqFw/videos?view=0 |access-date=2022-11-28 |via=YouTube |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128201438/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7wk7bzpv0xOJlYpAgRjqFw/videos?view=0 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Dr.Satti Foundation |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FDr.SattiFoundation%2Fposts%2F720720708631893%2F |access-date=2022-11-28 |via=Facebook |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128201438/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FDr.SattiFoundation%2Fposts%2F720720708631893%2F |url-status=live }}