Moroccans

{{Main|Demographics of Morocco|Arabs|Berbers}}

{{Pie chart|caption=Ethnic groups in Morocco (2012){{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Morocco 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-54-5 |pages=11 |language=en}}|label1=Arabs|label2=Berbers|label3=Sahrawis|value1=67|value2=31|value3=2|color1=DarkGreen|color2=Yellow|color3=Purple|color4=Pink|color5=Cyan}}The Higher Planning Commission, the country’s state statistics bureau, does not collect data on ethnic demographics, citing the historical difficulty of distinguishing between Arabs and Berbers, even among Berber speakers.{{Cite web |date=2024-08-30 |title=Budget, RSU, langue ... : à la veille du RGPH 2024, Lahlimi fait un dernier point |url=https://ledesk.ma/2024/08/30/budget-rsu-langue-a-la-veille-du-rgph-2024-lahlimi-fait-un-dernier-point/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Le Desk |language=fr-FR}}{{Citation |title=Language, Race, and Territory |date=2021 |work=The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East |pages=123–169 |editor-last=Hannoum |editor-first=Abdelmajid |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/invention-of-the-maghreb/language-race-and-territory/0BB5D39C95D5CB83F968316FE3417031 |access-date=2024-11-21 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108937337.004 |isbn=978-1-108-83816-0|url-access=subscription }}

Moroccans are primarily of Arab and Berber origin{{Cite web |title=Morocco Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/morocco-population |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}} as in other neighbouring countries in the Maghreb region.Bosch, Elena et al. "Genetic structure of north-west Africa revealed by STR analysis." European Journal of Human Genetics (2000) 8, 360–366. Pg. 365 Arabs comprise 67% of the population of Morocco, while Berbers make up 31% and Sahrawis make up 2%.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Morocco 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-54-5 |pages=11 |language=en}} However, according to Encyclopædia Britannica, 44% of Moroccans are Arab, 24% are Arabized Berbers, 21% are Berbers, and 10% are Mauritanian Moors.{{Cite web |date=23 August 2024 |title=Climate of Morocco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco/Climate#ref214372 |website=Britannica |language=en}} Socially, there are two contrasting groups of Moroccans: those living in the cities and those in the rural areas. Among the rural, several classes have formed such as landowners, peasants, and tenant farmers. Moroccans live mainly in the north and west portions of Morocco. However, they prefer living in the more fertile regions near the Mediterranean Sea.

The Arab population of Morocco is a result of the inflow of nomadic Arab tribes from the Arabian Peninsula since the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century with a major wave in the 11th century.{{cite book |last1=Stearns |first1=Peter N. |title=The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged |last2=Leonard Langer |first2=William |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-395-65237-4 |edition=6 |pages=129–131}} The major migration to the region by Arab tribes was in the 11th century when the tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, along with others, were sent by the Fatimids to defeat a Berber rebellion and then settle in the Maghreb. Between the Nile and the Red Sea were Arab tribes expelled from Arabia for their turbulence, Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, who often plundered farming areas in the Nile Valley.{{cite journal |last1=Le Tourneau |first1=Roger |year=1966 |title=Ibn Khaldun, laudateur et contempteur des Arabes |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1966_num_2_1_933 |journal=Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée |volume=2 |pages=155–168 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1966.933 |access-date=1 October 2015}} According to Ibn Khaldun, whole tribes set off with women, children, ancestors, animals and camping equipment. These tribes, who arrived in the region of Morocco around the 12th-13th centuries, and later the Ma'qil in the 14th century, contributed to a more extensive ethnic, genetic, cultural, and linguistic Arabization of Morocco over time, especially beyond the major urban centres and the northern regions which were the main sites of Arabization up to that point.{{Cite book |last= |first= |title=Peuplement et arabisation au Maghreb occidental : dialectologie et histoire |publisher=Casa de Velazquez |year=1998 |isbn= |editor-last=Aguade |editor-first=Jordi |location=Zaragoza |pages= |editor-last2=Cressier |editor-first2=Patrice |editor-last3=Vicente |editor-first3=Angeles}}

File:Morocco ethno 1973 all.svg

The Berber population mainly inhabits the mountainous regions of Morocco where some preserve Berber culture, and are split into three groups; Riffians, Shilha and Zayanes, who inhabit the Rif mountains, Anti-Atlas mountains, and Middle Atlas mountains respectively.{{Cite web |title=Morocco - Climate {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco/Climate |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Berber {{!}} Definition, People, Languages, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}} The Berbers were an amalgamation of Ibero-Maurisian and a minority of Capsian stock blended with a more recent intrusion associated with the Neolithic Revolution.J. Desanges, "The proto-Berbers" 236–245, at 237, in General History of Africa, v.II Ancient Civilizations of Africa (UNESCO 1990). Out of these populations, the proto-Berber tribes formed during the late Paleolithic era.Mário Curtis Giordani, História da África. Anterior aos descobrimentos (Petrópolis, Brasil: Editora Vozes 1985) at 42–43, 77–78. Giordani references Bousquet, Les Berbères (Paris 1961). The Arabized Berbers who constitute about a quarter of the population are the Berbers who were Arabized mainly as a result of the Arab nomad inflow, and have adopted Arab culture and the Arabic language as their native language, especially those who sought the protection of the Bedouin. A small minority of the population is identified as Haratin and Gnawa,{{Cite web |title=Demographics of Morocco |url=https://www.morocco.com/business/demographics/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Morocco.com |language=en-US}} These are sedentary agriculturalists of non-Arab and non-Berber origin, who inhabit the southern and eastern oases and speak either Berber or Arabic. Some parts of the population are descendants of refugees who fled Spain after the Reconquista in the 15th century. The Trans-Saharan slave trade brought a population of Sub-Saharan Africans to Morocco. After the founding of Israel and start of the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948, many Jews felt compelled to leave Morocco especially after the anti-Jewish riots in Oujda, and many fled to Israel, Europe, and North America, and by 1967 250,000 Jews left Morocco.

{{Main|History of Morocco}}

{{Main|Umayyad Caliphate|Idrisid dynasty|Fatimid Caliphate|Caliphate of Córdoba}}

In 670 AD, the first Arab conquest of the North African coastal plain took place under Uqba ibn Nafi, a general serving under the Umayyad Caliphate, marking the first wave of Arab migration to Morocco. Arab tribes such as Banu Muzaina migrated, and the Arab Muslims in the region had more impact on the culture of the Maghreb than the region's conquerors before and after them.{{Cite book |last=el-Hasan |first=Hasan Afif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr2XDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |title=Killing the Arab Spring |date=2019-05-01 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-1-62894-349-8 |pages=82 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054223/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr2XDwAAQBAJ&dq=arab+tribe+migration+to+the+maghreb&pg=PA82 |archive-date=2022-08-26 |url-status=live}} The Umayyads brought their language, their system of government, and Islam to Morocco and many Berbers converted to Islam. The first independent state in the area of modern Morocco was the Emirate of Nekor, an Arab emirate in north Morocco ruling as a client state of the Umayyad Caliphate.{{Cite book |last=Picard |first=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4KdFDwAAQBAJ&q=himyarit&pg=PA166 |title=Sea of the Caliphs |date=2018-01-21 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-66046-5 |pages=247 |language=en}} It was founded by the Himyarite descendant Salih ibn Mansur in 710. After the outbreak of the Berber Revolt in 739, the Berbers formed other independent states such as the Emirate of Sijilmasa and the Barghawata Confederation.Georges Duby, Atlas Historique Mondial, Larousse Ed. (2000), pp.220 & 224 ({{ISBN|2702828655}})

After the Battle of Fakhkh in 786, Idris ibn Abdallah, who traced his ancestry back to Ali ibn Abi Talib, fled from the Arabian Peninsula to Morocco.Idris I, D. Eustache, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. III, ed. B.Lewis, V. L. Menage, C. Pellat and J. Schact, (Brill, 1986), 1031. He first went to Tangier before going to Walili and founding the Arab Idrisid dynasty in 788, ruling most of Morocco. The Idrisids established Fes as their capital and Morocco became a centre of Muslim learning and a major regional power. The Idrisids were ousted in 927 by the Fatimid Caliphate and their Miknasa allies. After Miknasa broke off relations with the Fatimids in 932, they were removed from power by the Maghrawa of Sijilmasa in 980.{{cite encyclopedia |year=2018 |title=Idrīsids |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE |publisher=Brill Online |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/idrisids-COM_32374?s.num=46&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.start=40&s.q=Basra4 |last=Benchekroun |first=Chafik T. |editor1-last=Fleet |editor1-first=Kate |issn=1873-9830 |quote=The Idrīsids (al-Adārisa) were an ʿAlid dynasty—that is, descendants of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 40/661)—that reigned in the western part of the north Maghrib from 172/788 to 375/985 (although only intermittently in the fourth/tenth century). |editor2-last=Krämer |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-last=Nawas |editor4-first=John |editor5-last=Rowson |editor5-first=Everett |url-access=subscription}} In 973, the Caliphate of Cordoba under the Umayyads took over parts of Morocco.{{Cite book |last=Abun-Nasr |first=Jamil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC&q=A%20history%20of%20the%20Maghrib%20in%20the%20Islamic%20period&pg=PP1 |title=A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1987 |isbn=0521337674 |location=Cambridge |pages=75}}

{{Main|Almoravid dynasty|Almohad Caliphate|Marinid Sultanate}}

From the 11th century onwards, a series of dynasties of Berber origin arose.{{cite book |last1=Ramirez-Faria |first1=Carlos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PT861 |title=Concise Encyclopaedia of World History |date=2007-01-01 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0775-5}}{{cite encyclopedia |title=Almoravides |encyclopedia=Universalis Encyclopedia |url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/almoravides/}}{{cite encyclopedia |title=Marīnid dynasty |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/365388/Marinid-dynasty |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602202549/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/365388/Marinid-dynasty |archive-date= Jun 2, 2015 }} Under the Almoravid dynasty{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418538/North-Africa/46490/The-Maghrib-under-the-Almoravids-and-the-Almohads |title=North Africa :: The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads |publisher=Britannica|access-date=2011-08-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805103358/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418538/North-Africa/46490/The-Maghrib-under-the-Almoravids-and-the-Almohads |archive-date= Aug 5, 2011 }} and the Almohad dynasty dominated the Maghreb, much of present-day Spain and Portugal, and the western Mediterranean region. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Merinids held power in Morocco and strove to replicate the successes of the Almohads by military campaigns in Algeria and Iberia. They were followed by the Wattasids. In the 15th century, the Reconquista ended Muslim rule in central and southern Iberia and many Muslims and Jews fled to Morocco.{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/392604/Morocco |title=Morocco – History |publisher=Britannica|access-date=2011-08-01}} Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic coast in the 15th century did not greatly affect the interior of Morocco. According to Elizabeth Allo Isichei, "In 1520, there was a famine in Morocco so terrible that for a long time other events were dated by it. It has been suggested that the population of Morocco fell from 5 to under 3 million between the early sixteenth and nineteenth centuries."Allo Isichei, Elizabeth (1997). [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic A history of African societies to 1870]. Cambridge University Press. p. 264. {{ISBN|0-521-45599-5}}

{{Main|Saadi Sultanate|'Alawi dynasty}}

The major migration to the region by Arab tribes was in the 11th century when the tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, along with others, were sent by the Fatimids to defeat a Berber rebellion and then settle in the Maghreb.{{Cite book |last=el-Hasan |first=Hasan Afif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr2XDwAAQBAJ&dq=arab+tribe+migration+to+the+maghreb&pg=PA82 |title=Killing the Arab Spring |date=2019-05-01 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-1-62894-349-8 |pages=82 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054223/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr2XDwAAQBAJ&dq=arab+tribe+migration+to+the+maghreb&pg=PA82 |archive-date=2022-08-26 |url-status=live}} These tribes advanced in large numbers all the way to Morocco, contributing to a more extensive ethnic, genetic, cultural, and linguistic Arabization in the region.{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pqxf5uJMBvkC&dq=arabic+spread+to+the+countryside+morocco&pg=PA14 |title=Morocco, a Country Study |date=1985 |publisher=Headquarters, Department of the Army |pages=14 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054257/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pqxf5uJMBvkC&dq=arabic+spread+to+the+countryside+morocco&pg=PA14 |archive-date=2022-08-26 |url-status=live}} The Arab tribes of Maqil migrated to the Maghreb a century later and even immigrated southwards to Mauritania.

From 1549, a series of Arab dynasties arose. First the Saadian dynasty{{Cite book |first=Mark |last=Greengrass |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1002916874 |title=Christendom destroyed : Europe, 1517-1648 |date=2015 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-197852-9 |pages=503 |oclc=1002916874}} who ruled from 1549 to 1659, and then the 'Alawi dynasty,{{Cite book |last=Abitbol |first=Michel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1mAPgAACAAJ |title=Histoire du Maroc |date=2009 |publisher=Perrin |isbn=978-2-262-02388-1 |pages=231 |language=fr}} who remain in power since the 17th century. Both dynasties are Sharifian.{{cite book |last1=Garcia-Arenal |first1=Mercedes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xhu9DwAAQBAJ&q=Ahmad+al-Mansur+%3A+the+beginnings+of+modern+Morocco&pg=PP1 |title=Ahmad al-Mansur: the beginnings of modern Morocco |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2012 |isbn=9781780742083}}

Under the Saadian dynasty, the country repulsed Ottoman incursions and a Portuguese invasion at the battle of Ksar el Kebir in 1578. The reign of Ahmad al-Mansur brought new wealth and prestige to the Sultanate, and a large expedition to West Africa inflicted a crushing defeat on the Songhay Empire in 1591. However, managing the territories across the Sahara proved too difficult. After the death of al-Mansur the country was divided among his sons.

In 1666, Morocco was reunited by the Arab 'Alawi dynasty, who have been the ruling house of Morocco ever since. Morocco was facing aggression from Spain and the Ottoman Empire lies pressing westward. The 'Alawis succeeded in stabilizing their position, and while the kingdom was smaller than previous ones in the region, it remained quite wealthy. Against the opposition of local tribes Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727) began to create a unified state."[https://web.archive.org/web/20091030183303/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572952_8/Morocco.html Morocco (Page 8 of 9)]". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. 2009-11-01.

Morocco was the first nation to recognize the fledgling United States as an independent nation in 1777.{{Cite web | url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/11/22/joint-statement-united-states-america-and-kingdom-morocco | work=whitehouse.gov | title=Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Kingdom of Morocco| via=National Archives | date=2013-11-22}}{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5V77mdCXHJcC&pg=PA114 | title=Morocco Foreign Policy and Government Guide| isbn=9780739760000| year=2004| publisher=International Business Publications, USA}}{{Cite web | url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/id/41811/ |title = Defense Department News}}{{cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/id/41811/ |title=Cohen Renews U.S.-Morocco Ties |access-date=2009-03-12 |author=Kozaryn, Linda D.|work=U.S. Department of Defense }} In the beginning of the American Revolution, American merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean were subject to attack by the Barbary pirates. On 20 December 1777, Morocco's Sultan Mohammed III declared that American merchant ships would be under the protection of the sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage. The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship, signed in 1786, stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty.Roberts, Priscilla H. and Richard S. Roberts, Thomas Barclay (1728–1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary, Lehigh University Press, 2008, pp. 206–223 {{ISBN|093422398X}}.{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/d/rm/rls/perfrpt/2002/html/18995.htm |title=Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History |access-date=2007-12-17 |work=U.S. Department of State }}

{{main|Genetic studies on Moroccans}}

{{Main|Demographics of Morocco}}

Morocco has a population of around {{UN_Population|Morocco}} inhabitants ({{UN_Population|Year}} estimate).{{UN_Population|ref}} Morocco's population was 11.6 million in 1960.{{cite web|url=http://www.hcp.ma/Population-du-Maroc-par-annee-civile-en-milliers-et-au-milieu-de-l-annee-par-milieu-de-residence-1960-2050_a677.html|title=Population du Maroc par année civile (en milliers et au milieu de l'année) par milieu de résidence : 1960 – 2050|first=Youssef|last=Maaroufi|access-date=7 January 2012|archive-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227092030/http://www.hcp.ma/Population-du-Maroc-par-annee-civile-en-milliers-et-au-milieu-de-l-annee-par-milieu-de-residence-1960-2050_a677.html|url-status=dead}} In 2024, 49.7% of the population is female, while 50.3% of it is male. According to the 2014 Morocco population census, there were around 84,000 immigrants in the country. Of these foreign-born residents, most were of French origin, followed by individuals mainly from various nations in West Africa and Algeria.{{cite book |last1=OECD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |title=Talent Abroad: A Review of Moroccan Emigrants |date=2017 |publisher=OECD Publishing |isbn=978-9264264281 |page=167 |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010194758/https://books.google.com/books?id=yTIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live}} There are also a number of foreign residents of Spanish origin. Some of them are descendants of colonial settlers, who primarily work for European multinational companies, while others are married to Moroccans or are retirees. Prior to independence, Morocco was home to half a million Europeans, most of whom were Christians.De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994) [https://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25 Migration and development co-operation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101114550/https://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25|date=1 November 2022}}. Council of Europe. p. 25. {{ISBN|92-871-2611-9}}. Also, prior to independence, Morocco was home to 250,000 Spaniards.[http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?id=97 Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121133912/http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=97|date=21 January 2014}}, Migration Information Source Morocco's once prominent Jewish minority has decreased significantly since its peak of 265,000 in 1948, declining to around 3,500 in 2022.{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Morocco |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/morocco/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222135123/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/morocco/ |archive-date=22 February 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024 |publisher=United States Department of State}}

File:Morocco ethno 1973 all.svg

In Morocco, ethnic identity is deeply intertwined with language and culture, with the population primarily comprising two major groups: Arabs and Berbers.{{Cite journal |last=El Haimeur |first=Amar |date=2017 |title=Ethnolinguistic Identity in Morocco |url=https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=fieldnotes |journal=Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology |access-date=3 September 2024}}{{Cite web |title=Maroc: population |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Maroc_population/185524 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Larousse |language=fr}} However, the Higher Planning Commission, the country’s state statistics bureau, does not collect data on ethnic demographics, citing the historical difficulty of distinguishing between Arabs and Berbers, even among Berber speakers.{{Cite news |last=Ibriz |first=Lina |date=2024-08-30 |title=Budget, RSU, langue ... : à la veille du RGPH 2024, Lahlimi Alami fait un dernier point |url=https://ledesk.ma/2024/08/30/budget-rsu-langue-a-la-veille-du-rgph-2024-lahlimi-fait-un-dernier-point/ |work=Le Desk}}{{Citation |title=Language, Race, and Territory |date=2021 |work=The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East |pages=123–169 |editor-last=Hannoum |editor-first=Abdelmajid |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/invention-of-the-maghreb/language-race-and-territory/0BB5D39C95D5CB83F968316FE3417031 |access-date=2024-11-21 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108937337.004 |isbn=978-1-108-83816-0|url-access=subscription }}

Arabs form the largest and majority ethnic group,{{Cite book |last1=Teebi |first1=Ahmad S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6K_fj4Oicm8C&pg=PA30 |title=Genetic Disorders Among Arab Populations |last2=Farag |first2=Talaat I. |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509305-6 |language=en |quote=Majority Arabs, 35% Berbers}}{{Cite book |last1=Picard |first1=Louis A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ct4_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA273 |title=Sustainable Development and Human Security in Africa: Governance as the Missing Link |last2=Buss |first2=Terry F. |last3=Seybolt |first3=Taylor B. |last4=Lelei |first4=Macrina C. |date=2015-04-22 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-5543-0 |language=en |quote=Although the majority of Moroccans are Arabs, the Berbers (or Amazigh) represent 30%. Berbers are spread out in rural areas: the Rif Mountains, Middle High, and Anti-Atlas, and southern Souss Valley, as well as Morocco's major cities.}} making up between 65%{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Morocco 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-54-5 |language=en |quote=Morocco's population is approximately 67% Arab, 31% indigenous Berber and 2% Sahrawi |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307021801/https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}{{Cite book |last1=Son |first1=George Philip & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UD0kOEb1XIC&pg=PA161 |title=Encyclopedic World Atlas |last2=Press |first2=Oxford University |date=2002-12-26 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-521920-3 |language=en |quote=Arab 70%, Berber 30%}} and 80%{{Cite book |last=Sun |first=Xiaoming |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvm4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA908 |title=World Health Systems |date=2019-12-12 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-50887-8 |language=en |quote=More than 80% of Moroccans are Arab, while the remaining 20% are Berber}} of the Moroccan population. It is estimated that the indigenous Berbers constitute between 30% and 35% of the population.{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Guy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2S2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155 |title=Guide to African Political and Economic Development |date=2014-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-97062-8 |language=en |quote=Arab 70%}}{{Cite web |date=2017-08-01 |title=Who Are the Berber People? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-the-berber-people.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |quote=The majority of the Berber people live in Morocco accounting for at least 35% of the population and in Algeria where they form at least 15% of the population.}} Berbers, who are also known as Amazigh, are typically divided into three main groups with varying dialects who live spread out in rural mountain areas, namely the Rifians in the Rif, the Zayanes in the Middle Atlas, and the Shilha people in the Anti-Atlas. Since the 7th century, the influx of Arab migrants from the Arabian Peninsula has contributed to shaping Morocco’s demographic, cultural, and genetic landscape.{{Cite journal |last1=Arauna |first1=Lara R. |last2=Mendoza-Revilla |first2=Javier |last3=Mas-Sandoval |first3=Alex |last4=Izaabel |first4=Hassan |last5=Bekada |first5=Asmahan |last6=Benhamamouch |first6=Soraya |last7=Fadhlaoui-Zid |first7=Karima |last8=Zalloua |first8=Pierre |last9=Hellenthal |first9=Garrett |last10=Comas |first10=David |date=February 2017 |title=Recent Historical Migrations Have Shaped the Gene Pool of Arabs and Berbers in North Africa |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=318–329 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msw218 |issn=0737-4038 |pmc=5644363 |pmid=27744413}} Additionally, a considerable portion of the population includes Haratin, Sahrawis, and Gnawa, descendants of West African or mixed-race enslaved peoples, as well as Moriscos, European Muslims expelled from Spain and Portugal in the 17th century.{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254867/Haratin |title=Haratin (social class) |publisher=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813024920/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254867/Haratin |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Saharawis in Western Sahara |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/saharawis/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Minority Rights Group |language=en-US}}

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, 44% of Moroccans are Arab, 24% are Arabized Berbers, 21% are Berbers and 10% are Mauritanian Moors.{{cite web |date=23 August 2024 |title=Climate of Morocco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco/Climate#ref214372 |website=Britannica |language=en}} Additionally, Minority Rights Group International estimates that around 90,000 Sahrawis reside in internationally recognized Morocco, compared to approximately 190,000 in the disputed Western Sahara.

{{Main|Moroccan diaspora}}

Morocco has a large diaspora, most of which is located in France, which has reportedly over one million Moroccans of up to the third generation. There are also large Moroccan communities in Spain (about 700,000 Moroccans),{{Cite book |title=Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |year=2009 |location=Spain |chapter=Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más). |ref=CITEREFINE2009 |access-date=13 June 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710133750/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.px&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-date=10 July 2019}} the Netherlands (360,000), and Belgium (300,000).{{cite web |date=October 2005 |title=Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210100911/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=339 |archive-date=10 February 2014 |access-date=1 August 2011 |publisher=Migrationinformation.org}} Other large communities can be found in Italy, Canada, the United States and Israel, where Moroccan Jews are thought to constitute the second biggest Jewish ethnic subgroup.{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Table 2.8 – Jews, by country of origin and age |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2016/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_08x.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013064516/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2016/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_08x.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}} Morocco is also the country with the largest Berber population in the world,{{Cite journal |last=Colon |first=Alexis |date=2018-10-01 |title=Who and What is Amazigh? Self-Assertion, Erasure, and Standardization |url=https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3001/ |journal=Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection}}{{Cite web |title=Berber {{!}} Definition, People, Languages, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}} with estimates typically ranging between 40–60% of the population.{{Cite journal |last1=Ncube |first1=Lyton |last2=Mkwendi |first2=Chengeto Pauline |last3=Batisayi |first3=Amos |date=2024-08-17 |title=Victory for Africa or the Arab world? Moroccan nationalism, Arab exceptionalism, pan-African solidarity and digital fandom during the 2022 FIFA World Cup |journal=Soccer & Society |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4–6 |pages=673–692 |doi=10.1080/14660970.2024.2332092 |issn=1466-0970|doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last=Laaguid |first=Brahim Ait |date=2022-05-08 |title=Amazigh in Morocco through the Lens of the U.S. State Department's Reports between 1999 and 2020: A Critical Discourse Analysis |url=https://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id/index.php/arbitrer/article/view/317 |journal=Jurnal Arbitrer |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.25077/ar.9.1.1-16.2022 |doi-broken-date=4 February 2025 |issn=2550-1011|doi-access=free }}

{{main|Culture of Morocco}}

File:Fantasia in Morocco 1.JPG in Morocco]]

The culture of Morocco is a blend of Arab, Berber, Jewish, and Western European cultures.{{Cite web |title=Morocco: a rich blend of cultures |url=https://www.thetimes.com/static/magical-maroc/morocco-rich-blend-cultures/ |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=The Times & The Sunday Times |language=en}} Through Moroccan history, the country had many cultural influences (Europe, Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa). The culture of Morocco shares similar traits with those of neighboring countries, particularly Algeria and Tunisia and to a certain extent Spain.{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2015/01/return-morocco-2015120124346751467.html|title=Return to Morocco|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=27 October 2017}}

Each region possesses its own uniqueness, contributing to the national culture. Morocco has set among its top priorities the protection of its diversity and the preservation of its cultural heritage.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The traditional dress for men and women is called djellaba (جلابة), a long, loose, hooded garment with full sleeves. For special occasions, men also wear a red cap called a bernousse, more commonly known as a fez. Women wear kaftans decorated with ornaments. Nearly all men, and most women, wear balgha (بلغة). These are soft leather slippers with no heel, often dyed yellow. Women also wear high-heeled sandals, often with silver or gold tinsel.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

File:Djemaa el Fna.jpg in the evening]]

Moroccan style is a new trend in decoration, which takes its roots from Moorish architecture. It has been made popular by the vogue of riad renovation in Marrakech. Dar is the name given to one of the most common types of domestic structures in Morocco; it is a home found in a medina, or walled urban area of a city. Dar exteriors are typically devoid of ornamentation and windows, except occasional small openings in secondary quarters, such as stairways and service areas. These piercings provide light and ventilation.

Moroccan cuisine primarily consists of a blend of Arab, Berber, and Andalusi influences. It is known for dishes like couscous and pastilla, among others. Spices such as cinnamon are also used in Moroccan cooking. Sweets like halwa are popular, as well as other confections. Cuisines from neighbouring areas have also influenced the country's culinary traditions. Additionally, Moroccan craftsmanship has a rich tradition of jewellery-making, pottery, leather-work and woodwork.

File:Муссем (фольклорный фестиваль) в Тан-Тане (Марокко).jpg in Morocco]]

The music of Morocco ranges and differs according to the various areas of the country. Moroccan music has a variety of styles from complex sophisticated orchestral music to simple music involving only voice and drums. There are three varieties of folk music: village and ritual music, and the music performed by professional musicians. Chaabi (الشعبي) is a music consisting of numerous varieties which descend from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Chaabi was originally performed in markets, but is now found at any celebration or meeting. Gnawa is a form of music that is mystical. It was gradually brought to Morocco by the Gnawa and later became part of the Moroccan tradition. Sufi brotherhoods (tariqas) are common in Morocco, and music is an integral part of their spiritual tradition. This music is an attempt at reaching a trance state which inspires mystical ecstasy.

{{main|Moroccan cuisine}}

File:Couscous of Fes.JPG]]

Moroccan cuisine is considered one of the most diversified cuisines in the world.{{cite web |url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine |title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|date=10 October 2007}} This is a result of the centuries-long interaction of Morocco with the outside world.{{cite web|url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|date=10 October 2007|access-date=18 July 2014|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105070323/http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|url-status=live}} The cuisine of Morocco is mainly a fusion of Moorish, European and Mediterranean cuisines. Spices are used extensively in Moroccan cuisine. While spices have been imported to Morocco for thousands of years, many ingredients such as saffron from Tiliouine, mint and olives from Meknes, and oranges and lemons from Fez, are home-grown.

Chicken is the most widely eaten meat in Morocco. The most commonly eaten red meat in Morocco is beef; lamb is preferred but is relatively expensive.{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=The food in Morocco, a delight for the senses. |url=https://triumphadventure.es/en/the-food-in-morocco-a-delight-for-the-senses/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Triumph |language=en-GB}} The main Moroccan dish most people are familiar with is couscous,[http://maroccankitchenrecipes.blogspot.com/2014/05/moroccan-couscous.html "Moroccan Couscous Recipe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531091005/http://maroccankitchenrecipes.blogspot.com/2014/05/moroccan-couscous.html |date=31 May 2014 }}. [http://maroccankitchenrecipes.blogspot.com/ Maroccan Kitchen Recipes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://maroccankitchenrecipes.blogspot.com/ |date=31 May 2014 }} (Website). Retrieved 1 April 2014. the old national delicacy. Beef is the most commonly eaten red meat in Morocco, usually eaten in a tagine with vegetables or legumes. Chicken is also very commonly used in tagines; one of the most famous tagine is the tagine of chicken, potatoes and olives. Lamb is also consumed, but as Northwest African sheep breeds store most of their fat in their tails, Moroccan lamb does not have the pungent flavour that Western lamb and mutton have. Poultry is also very common, and the use of seafood is increasing in Moroccan food. In addition, there are dried salted meats and salted preserved meats such as kliia/khlia and "g'did" which are used to flavor tagines or used in "el ghraif", a folded savory Moroccan pancake.

Among the most famous Moroccan dishes are Couscous, Pastilla (also spelled Bsteeya or Bestilla), Tajine, Tanjia and Harira. Although the latter is a soup, it is considered a dish in itself and is served as such or with dates especially during the month of Ramadan. Pork consumption is forbidden in accordance with Sharia, religious laws of Islam.

A big part of the daily meal is bread. Bread in Morocco is principally from durum wheat semolina known as khobz. Bakeries are very common throughout Morocco and fresh bread is a staple in every city, town and village. The most common is whole grain coarse ground or white flour bread. There are also a number of flat breads and pulled unleavened pan-fried breads. The most popular drink is "atai", green tea with mint leaves and other ingredients.

{{main|Languages of Morocco}}

File:Morocco - Linguistic map.png

Morocco's official languages are Modern Standard Arabic and Berber.2011 Constitution of Morocco [http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/EE8E1B01-9C86-449B-A9C2-A98CC88D7238/8650/bo5952F.pdf Full text of the 2011 Constitution (French)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229085131/http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/EE8E1B01-9C86-449B-A9C2-A98CC88D7238/8650/bo5952F.pdf |date=2012-02-29 }}

The majority of the population speaks Moroccan Arabic.{{cite web |url=http://rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/Default1/ |title=2014 General Population and Habitat Census|website=rgphentableaux.hcp.ma |access-date=2019-09-15}} According to the 2024 Moroccan census, 92.7% of the population spoke Arabic, whereas 24.8% spoke Berber languages.{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Christophe |title=كلمة افتتاحية للسيد المندوب السامي للتخطيط بمناسبة الندوة الصحفية الخاصة بتقديم معطيات الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى 2024 |url=https://www.hcp.ma/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A9_a4025.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc |language=fr}} The census also indicated that 99.2%, or almost the entire literate population of Morocco, could read and write in Arabic, while only 1.5% of the population could read and write in Berber. The census also reveals that 80.6% of Moroccans consider Arabic to be their native language, while 18.9% regard any of the various Berber languages as their mother tongue.{{Cite news |last=Babas |first=Latifa |date=18 December 2024 |title=How many Moroccans consider Tamazight their mother tongue, and where do they live ? |url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/157719/many-moroccans-consider-tamazight-their.html |work=Yabiladi}}

Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in the southern part of the country, spoken by over 200,000 people.{{Cite web |title=Hassaniyya |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mey |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}} Morocco has recently included the protection of Hassaniya in the constitution as part of the July 2011 reforms.

French is taught universally and still serves as Morocco's primary language of commerce and economics; it is also used in education, sciences, government and most education fields.

Spanish is also spoken in the northern and southern parts of the country as a secondary foreign language after French. Meanwhile, English is increasingly becoming more popular among the educated, particularly in the science fields.

{{main|Religion in Morocco}}

{{Multiple image

| total_width = 350

| image1 = Inside of a mosque in Fes (5364764412).jpg

| image2 = Hassan II mosque, Casablanca 2.jpg

| perrow = 2

| image3 = Jews of Fez.jpg

| image4 = Moroccan Christians from Tangier.jpg

| caption1 = The interior of a mosque in Fes, Islam is the predominant religion in Morocco

| caption2 = The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca

| caption3 = The Jews of Fez c. 1900, Judaism was the main minority religion in Morocco

| caption4 = The St Andrew's Church in Tangier, an Anglican church built in 1894

}}

In 2010, the Pew Forum estimated that 99% of Morocco's population was Muslim, with all other religious groups making up less than 1%.{{cite web|title=Religious Composition by Country|url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/globalReligion-tables.pdf|work=Global Religious Landscape|publisher=Pew Forum|access-date=9 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309232331/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/globalReligion-tables.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2013|df=dmy-all}} The majority of Moroccan Muslims follow the Maliki Sunni school of thought, while other significant groups include adherents of Zahirism and non-denominational Muslims. With a deep-rooted history in Morocco, Islam remains the dominant faith. Since Islamic culture profoundly influences Moroccan society, many Moroccans are considered nominal or cultural Muslims.{{Cite book|title=The Ethnographic State: France and the Invention of Moroccan Islam|last=Burke III|first=Edmund|publisher=University of California|year=2014|isbn=978-0-520-27381-8|location=Oakland}} The rhythm of life for Moroccans is dictated by religious celebrations throughout the year, such as Ramadan and Eid Al Adha. During these celebrations, most of them being public holidays, Moroccans focus on praying and spending time with their family. Moroccans also celebrate al-Mawlid al-Nabawi, the birthday of Muhammad, and the Islamic New Year.

Moroccan Jews form an ancient community dating back to Roman times, with Jewish migration to the region beginning as early as 70 CE. A second wave of Jewish immigrants arrived from the Iberian Peninsula during and after the issuance of the 1492 Alhambra Decree, which expelled Jews from Spain, followed shortly by their expulsion from Portugal. This wave significantly influenced Moroccan Jewry, leading to the widespread adoption of the Andalusian Sephardic liturgy and a shift toward a predominantly Sephardic identity. Before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Morocco had approximately 265,000 Jews, making it home to the largest Jewish community in the Muslim world.{{cite news |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/27/268524.html |title=Morocco film searches out Jews who left for Israel |date=27 February 2013 |agency=Associated Press |work=Al Arabiya}} Today, the historic Jewish community of Morocco is estimated to number around 2,000.{{Cite book|last=Rosenberg|first=Jerry M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bdAdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|title=The Rebirth of the Middle East|date=2009-09-28|publisher=Hamilton Books|isbn=978-0-7618-4846-2|language=en}} The majority of Moroccan Jews emigrated, primarily to Israel and France. As of 2019, Israel was home to approximately 472,800 Jews of Moroccan descent, accounting for around 5% of the country's total population.{{citation |title=Population, by Religion |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2020/2.shnatonpopulation/st02_02.xls |date=15 September 2020 |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli government}}

Christianity in Morocco dates back to Roman times when it was practiced by Christian Berbers in the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana.{{cite book | last=Asiwaju | first=A.I. |date=January 1985 | title=Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations Across Africa's International Boundaries | publisher=C. Hurst & Co |isbn=0-905838-91-2 | page=237 }} However, its presence began to decline following the Islamic conquests in the 7th century. Indigenous Christianity in North Africa persisted after the Muslim conquest until the early 15th century.[https://books.google.com/books?id=IgYqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA322 Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition] By David E. Wilhite, page 322{{cite web|url=http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/WesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html|title=Office of the President – Bethel University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202083455/http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/WesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html|archive-date=2007-02-02}} During the French and Spanish protectorates, Morocco had a significant Catholic population. On the eve of independence, an estimated 470,000 Catholics lived in the country, and Catholicism held a strong historical legacy and influence.{{cite book|last1=Greenberg|first1=Udi|last2= A. Foster|first2=Elizabeth|title=Decolonization and the Remaking of Christianity|year=2023|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Pennsylvania|isbn=9781512824971|pages=105}}

Today, Christianity is the second-largest religion in Morocco.[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/22/what-is-each-countrys-second-largest-religious-group/ What is each country’s second-largest religious group?] The number of Moroccan converts to Christianity, most of whom practice in secret, is estimated to range between 8,000 and 50,000.{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/house-churches-and-silent-masses-the-converted-christians-of-morocco-are-praying-in-secret/|title='House-Churches' and Silent Masses - The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret - VICE News}}{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-religion/christians-want-marriages-recognized-in-morocco-idUSKCN1J4231|title=Christians want marriages recognized in Morocco|date=8 June 2018|publisher=reuters}} Since the 1960s, an increasing number of Moroccan Muslims have converted to Christianity.{{cite book|title=Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam| first=Nat |last= Carnes|year= 2012| isbn= 9781475903423| page =253|publisher=University of Cambridge Press|quote=. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/house-churches-and-silent-masses-the-converted-christians-of-morocco-are-praying-in-secret/|title='House-Churches' and Silent Masses - The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret - VICE News|date=23 March 2015|quote=Converted Moroccans - most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 -}} Additionally, among the Moroccan diaspora, there are Christian communities; for example, according to a 2020 national survey conducted by INSEE, 5% of people of Moroccan origin in France identified as Christian.{{cite web|last1=Drouhot|first1=Lucas|last2=Simon|first2=Patrick|last3=Tiberj|first3=Vincent|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6793308/IMMFRA23-D2.pdf|title=La diversité religieuse en France : transmissions intergénérationnelles et pratiques selon les origines|trans-title=Religious diversity in France: Intergenerational transmissions and practices according to the origins|publisher=INSEE|date=30 March 2023|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330154402/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6793308/IMMFRA23-D2.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2023}} [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793308 Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230330154425/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6793308 archive])

{{portal|Morocco}}

• Moroccan diaspora
• Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula
• Expulsion of the Moriscos
• List of Moroccans
• Moroccan Americans
• {{commons category-inline|People of Morocco}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Demographics of Morocco}}

{{Morocco topics}}

{{Moroccan diaspora}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Moroccan diaspora

Category:Society of Morocco

Category:Arab people

Category:North African people

Category:Maghreb