Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play

Shortly after an unspecified apocalypse, six survivors gather at a campfire. To distract themselves from mourning, they attempt to recount the episode "Cape Feare" of the TV show The Simpsons, as well as several other pieces of media.

Seven years later, the group has formed a travelling theatre company that specializes in performing Simpsons episodes. Live theatre is a major entertainment form in the new society, with troupes fiercely competing to replicate pre-apocalyptic stories. Despite this goal, the group's rendition of Cape Feare differs from the real episode in many small ways. During a rehearsal, the group is attacked by armed robbers, with their fates unknown.

75 years after that, Cape Feare is performed as a musical in a theater dedicated to The Simpsons. The characters, plot and morals have changed into more serious and epic forms. For example, Mr. Burns has been combined with Sideshow Bob (the actual Cape Feare villain) and is now a supernatural avatar of death and destruction.

In the musical's story, Burns destroys Springfield by sabotaging the nuclear power plant. The Simpsons flee from the catastrophe onto a houseboat. Burns and his demonic henchmen Itchy & Scratchy sneak onto the boat and untie the mooring ropes, then begin killing the Simpsons one by one. Bart, the last survivor, almost surrenders out of despair. However, he receives encouragement from the ghosts of his family and duels Burns in a swordfight. Burns almost wins, but when the boat enters violent rapids, he's flung onto Bart's sword and dies. As Bart sings a finale song about hope for the future, the stage is lit up by bicycle-powered electric lights— the first appearance of electricity in the play.{{cite book |last1=Washburn |first1=Anne |title=Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play |date=2012 |publisher=Samuel French}}

Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play was written by Anne Washburn with a score composed by Michael Friedman.{{cite news|last1=Grode|first1=Eric|title='The Simpsons' as a Text for the Ages|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/theater/mr-burns-morphs-the-simpsons-at-woolly-mammoth.html|access-date=July 1, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=May 31, 2012}} For a long time, Washburn had been exploring what it would be like "to take a TV show and push it past the apocalypse and see what happened to it" and while she originally considered Friends, Cheers, and M*A*S*H, she ultimately settled on The Simpsons.{{cite web| last1=Del Signore| first1=John|title=Excellent: Playwright Anne Washburn Talks Mr. Burns, A Post-Electric Play|url=http://gothamist.com/2013/09/27/anne_washburn.php|website=Gothamist|publisher=Gothamist LLC|access-date=July 2, 2014|date=September 27, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509152002/http://gothamist.com/2013/09/27/anne_washburn.php|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}

Working with The Civilians theater company, who had commissioned the play, Washburn held a workshop for a week in 2008 with actors Matthew Maher, Maria Dizzia, and Jennifer R. Morris to see how much of any episode of The Simpsons they could remember. Maher knew The Simpsons well and the group decided on the 1993 episode "Cape Feare", based on the 1991 film Cape Fear, itself a remake of an eponymous 1962 film which is based on the 1957 novel The Executioners.{{cite web|last1=Weisfeld|first1=Miriam|title=Essential Narrative|url=http://static.woollymammoth.net/images/content/showart/2011_2012/Burns/MB_Program_web.pdf|publisher=Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company|access-date=July 2, 2014|page=4|year=2012}} He helped Dizzia and Morris remember the episode, then the two of them went on to perform it for an audience without his help; Washburn subsequently utilized recordings of this process in writing her play's first act.

The play had its world premiere in May 2012 at Washington, D.C.'s Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company. It was commissioned by The Civilians and developed in partnership with them, Seattle Repertory Theatre, and Playwrights Horizons.{{cite web|title=Mr. Burns, a post-electric play|url=http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/15164/mr-burns-a-post-electric-play|website=Samuel French|publisher=Samuel French, Inc.|access-date=October 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912172930/http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/15164/mr-burns-a-post-electric-play|archive-date=September 12, 2015}}{{cite web |title=Mr Burns, a Post-Electric Play |url=http://static.woollymammoth.net/performances/show_mr_burns.php |website=Woolly Mammoth |access-date=12 November 2018}} It was directed by Steve Cosson who got confirmation from several lawyers that the play fell under the umbrella of fair use.

Cosson also directed the New York City production at Playwrights Horizons that premiered on September 15, 2013.{{cite news|last1=Brantley|first1=Ben|title=Stand Up, Survivors; Homer Is With You|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/16/theater/reviews/mr-burns-a-post-electric-play-at-playwrights-horizons.html|access-date=July 1, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=September 15, 2013}} Maher and Morris, who had not appeared in the Woolly Mammoth production, returned for the New York staging. At Playwrights, the show ran until October 20, 2013.{{cite web|title=Mr. Burns, a post-electric play|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=6119|website=Lortel Archives|publisher=Lucille Lortel Foundation|access-date=July 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714110346/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=6119|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=dead}} Samuel French, Inc. published the show's script and licenses productions of the show.

===U.S. casts===

Washburn continued to revise the play for its European premiere at the Almeida Theatre in London in Spring 2014, and a new draft was published by Oberon Books. It was directed by Robert Icke, who commissioned Orlando Gough to compose a new a cappella score for the third act. The London production was visually and emotionally darker than the New York one, especially in its third act which resembled Greek tragedy as much as The Simpsons.{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/theatre/mr-burns|title=Mr Burns|work=Time Out London|access-date=2017-09-02|language=en}}

It provoked an extremely divided reaction from British critics; ratings ranged from one to five stars.{{Cite news|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/06-2014/mr-burns-reviews-almeida_34747.html|title=Mr Burns divides the critics|work=WhatsOnStage.com|access-date=2017-09-02}}

A co-production between Sydney's Belvoir St Theatre and the State Theatre Company South Australia{{cite web | last=Washburn | first=Anne | title=Mr Burns | website=Belvoir St Theatre | date=29 September 2021 | url=https://belvoir.com.au/productions/mr-burns/ | access-date=6 October 2022}} saw the play performed at Space Theatre in the Adelaide Festival Centre, Adelaide, in April–May 2017{{cite web | last=Dexter | first=John | title=Review: Mr Burns: A Post-Electric Play | website=The Adelaide Review | date=27 April 2017 | url=https://www.adelaidereview.com.au/arts/performing-arts/2017/04/27/review-mr-burns-post-electric-play/ | access-date=6 October 2022}} and at the Belvoir in May–June 2017.{{cite web | last=McPherson | first=Angus | title=Mr Burns, A Post-Electric Play (Belvoir & State Theatre Company South Australia) | website=Limelight | date=23 February 2019 | url=https://limelightmagazine.com.au/reviews/review-mr-burns-a-post-electric-play-belvoir-state-theatre-company-south-australia/ | access-date=6 October 2022}}

Mitchell Butel took the roles of Mr Burns and Gibson, while Paula Arundell, Esther Hannaford, Jude Henshall, Brent Hill, Ezra Juanta, and Jacqy Phillips making up the rest of the cast. The production was directed by Imara Savage. The play was mostly met with good reviews{{cite web | last=Lenny | first=Barry | title=Review: Mr. Burns – A Post-Electric Play at Space Theatre, Adelaide Festival Centre | website=Broadway World | date=5 October 2022 | url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/adelaide/article/BWW-Review-MR-BURNS-A-POST-ELECTRIC-PLAY-at-Space-Theatre-Adelaide-Festival-Centre-20170428 | access-date=6 October 2022}}{{cite web | title=Mr Burns | website=Stage Whispers| first= Maxine |last=Grubel | date=13 May 2017 | url=https://www.stagewhispers.com.au/reviews/mr-burns | access-date=6 October 2022}} and Butel won a Helpmann Award for his performance.{{cite web | last=Marsh | first=Walter | title=New State Theatre Company artistic director revealed | website=The Adelaide Review | date=17 December 2018 | url=https://www.adelaidereview.com.au/arts/performing-arts/2018/12/18/state-theatre-company-south-australia-artistic-director-mitchell-butell/ | access-date=6 October 2022}}

The New York Times ranked Mr. Burns: a post-electric play at #4 on its list "The Great Work Continues: The 25 Best American Plays Since Angels in America." Critic Laura Collins-Hughes wrote, "Not everyone loves this play; not everyone’s meant to. But for the rest of us, it’s the kind of bold, inventive show that sends you staggering out onto the street afterward, stunned and exhilarated, not sure quite what you’ve just experienced because you’ve never seen its like before."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/05/31/theater/best-25-plays.html|title = The Great Work Continues: The 25 Best American Plays Since 'Angels in America'|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 31 May 2018}}

In Time, Richard Zoglin characterized the reaction to the show as receiving "some rave reviews, a few equally passionate dissents and sellout crowds."{{cite magazine|last1=Zoglin|first1=Richard|title=When The Simpsons Rules the World: Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/09/25/when-the-simpsons-rules-the-world-mr-burns-a-post-electric-play/|access-date=July 2, 2014|magazine=Time|date=September 25, 2013}} Ben Brantley of The New York Times compared Mr. Burns to Giovanni Boccaccio's 14th-century book The Decameron in which a group of Italian youths have fled the Black Death to a villa where they begin to exchange stories. "At the end of Steve Cosson's vertiginous production, which opened on Sunday night at Playwrights Horizons, you’re likely to feel both exhausted and exhilarated from all the layers of time and thought you've traveled through", wrote Brantley. Reviewing for Vulture, Scott Brown found "Cape Feare" to be "a perfect palimpsest" and commended the ending musical number as "equal parts Brecht and Bart, Homer and the other Homer".{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Scott|title=Apocalypse? D'oh! Scott Brown Reviews Mr. Burns: A Post-Electric Play|url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/09/theater-review-mr-burns-a-post-electric-play.html|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=Vulture|date=September 17, 2013}}

In his otherwise positive review, Brown noted that the play's "flabby middle act could use some tightening, to better dramatize Washburn’s talky deepthink." Marilyn Stasio wrote for Variety that the "piece loses sight of its humanity with an overproduced pop-rap-operetta in the underplotted second act".{{cite news|last1=Stasio|first1=Marilyn|title=Off Broadway Review: 'Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play'|url=https://variety.com/2013/legit/reviews/off-broadway-review-mr-burns-a-post-electric-play-1200613412/#|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=Variety|date=September 16, 2013}} The Huffington Post{{'}}s David Finkle felt that the play "could be contained in a 15-minute skit--if not quite a 140-character tweet" and that Washburn "stretches and stretches it through [its] three parts".{{cite news|last1=Finkle|first1=David|title=First Nighter: Anne Washburn's "Mr. Burns, A Post-Electric Play" Does Go On and On and...|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-finkle/first-nighter-anne-washbu_b_3932647.html|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=The Huffington Post|date=September 16, 2013}}

The play is mentioned in the 2015 The Simpsons episode "Let's Go Fly a Coot" as part of a list of recent post-apocalyptic films (despite the fact that it is not a film). In writer Mike Reiss's memoir about writing for the show, Springfield Confidential, he describes his disappointment with the play, saying that both it and the playwright failed because the play was what The Simpsons itself never was, "grim, pretentious and dull."{{cite book |last1=Reiss |first1=Mike |last2=Klickstein |first2=Mathew |title=Springfield confidential: jokes, secrets, and outright lies from a lifetime writing for the Simpsons |date=2018 |publisher=Dey Street Books |isbn=978-0062748034 |page=94|location=New York City}}

Julie Grossman examined Mr. Burns as an instance of multilayered adaptation. She wrote that the show "challenges audiences to embrace the imaginative (if strange and alienating) scions, or adaptations, of cultural matter."{{sfn|Grossman|2015|p=190}} In reference to characters in the play's second act bargaining for rights to and lines from other Simpsons episodes, she noted "That permissions and copyright have survived the apocalypse brings out the absurdity of owning the rights to artistic production and dialogue and the persistence of capitalism."{{sfn|Grossman|2015|p=184}} Grossman differentiated Mr. Burns from Emily St. John Mandel's 2014 novel Station Eleven, which also examines storytelling in a postapocalyptic setting, in the types of catalysts for their respective apocalypse: a naturally occurring flu outbreak in Station Eleven versus an unnatural and greed-driven nuclear collapse in Mr. Burns.{{sfn|Grossman|2015|p=181}} "Although the play's postmodern mash-up of television, film, and theater is highly entertaining, its powerful ethics resides in seeing capitalism and consumerism (symbolized by the greedy Simpsons character Mr. Burns) as the causes of civilization's decay."{{sfn|Grossman|2015|pp=181–182}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last1=Grossman|first1=Julie|title=Literature, Film, and Their Hideous Progeny: Adaptation and ElasTEXTity|date=2015|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York City|isbn=978-1-137-39901-4|doi=10.1057/9781137399021 }}

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• [http://www.playwrightshorizons.org/shows/plays/mr-burns-post-electric-play/ Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play at Playwrights Horizons]

{{The Simpsons}}

Category:2012 plays

Category:Off-Broadway plays

Category:Post-apocalyptic fiction

Category:Plays based on television series

Category:Works based on The Simpsons

Category:Black comedy plays

Category:Plays by Michael Friedman