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Mulabbis

{{Short description|Former Arab village and archaeological site in modern Israel}}

{{Infobox ancient site

| name = Tell Mulabbis

| native_name = ملبس, אומלבס, מולבס

| alternate_name = Khirbat Mulabbes, Bulbus

| location = Petah Tikva, Israel

| region = Yarkon River basin

| coordinates =

| type = Archaeological mound

| epochs = Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk, Late Ottoman

}}

Tell Mulabbis (Arabic: ملبس, Hebrew: אומלבס, מולבס) is an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, Israel.

Mulabbis is a key site in the Yarkon River basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=April 3, 2019 |title=A short history of Mulabbis (Petah Tikva, Israel) |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734 |url-status=live |journal=Palestine Exploration Quarterly |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=134–145 |doi=10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734 |s2cid=197799335 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529124508/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |access-date=November 30, 2020 |via=Taylor and Francis+NEJM}}

Crusader and Mamluk periods

Khirbat Mulabbes was home to the Crusader village of Bulbus, an identification proposed in the nineteenth century by French scholar fr. A Crusader source from 1133 CE states that the Count of Jaffa granted the land to the Hospitaller order, including “the mills of the three bridges” (“des moulins des trios ponts”).Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [http://archive.org/stream/registaregnihier00rhuoft#page/n44/mode/1up 37], No. 147Delaville Le Roulx, 1894, pp. 86−87, No. 97Clermont-Ganneau, 1895, pp. 192−196: "Les Trois−Ponts, Jorgilia"Haddad, 2013, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2321&mag_id=120 Petah Tikva, Kh. Mulabbis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717203224/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2321&mag_id=120|date=2020-07-17}}

In 1478 CE (AH 883), the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, Qaitbay, endowed a quarter of the revenues of Mulabbes to two newly established institutions: Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya in Jerusalem, and a mosque in Gaza.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2021-06-09 |title=The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: an oral history of a Palestinian village depopulated in the Late Ottoman period |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2021.1934817 |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |volume=50 |pages=87–106 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2021.1934817 |issn=1353-0194 |s2cid=236222143}}

Ottoman period

David Grossman suggests that Mulabbes was "Milus", a village with 42 Muslim households, mentioned in the Ottoman tax records in 1596.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154. Suggested by David Grossman, 1986, p. 372, cited in [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734 Marom, 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122131500/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734|date=2020-01-22}}

"Melebbes" appears on Jacotin's map drawn up during Napoleon's invasion in 1799,Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 170] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|date=2019-12-22}} and shows up as "el Mulebbis" on Kiepert's map of Palestine, published in 1856.Kiepert, 1856, Map of Southern Palestine {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308192509/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KiepertSouthernPalestine1856.jpg|date=2021-03-08}}

Following the invasion of the Levant by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (1831-1841), the village was repopulated by Egyptian emigrants belonging to the Abu Hamed al-Masri clan as part of a wider wave of migration that settled in Palestine's coastal lowlands.Marom, [https://www.academia.edu/44491372/The_Village_of_Mullabes_and_Its_Residents_Before_the_Establishment_of_Petah_Tikva_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%94_Hebrew_ The village of Mulabbis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529124527/https://www.academia.edu/44491372/The_Village_of_Mulabbes_and_Its_Residents_Before_the_Establishment_of_Petah_Tikva_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%94_Hebrew_|date=2021-05-29}}, Cathedra 176, 2020, pp. 48-64.

In 1870, Victor Guérin noted that "Melebbes" was a small village with 140 inhabitants, surrounded by fields of watermelon and tobacco.Guérin, 1875, p. [http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n397/mode/1up 372] An Ottoman village list from about the same year showed that "Mulebbes" had 43 houses and a population of 125, though the population count included men only. It was also noted that the village was located on a hill, "Auf einer Anhöhe", 2.75 hours northeast of Jaffa.Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/158/mode/1up 158]Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n944/mode/1up 136], also noted 43 houses at "Mulebbes".

The Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine visited "Mulebbis" in 1874 and described it as "a similar mud village [as Al-Mirr], with a well."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/252/mode/1up 252] Following the sale of Mulabbes' lands to Jewish entrepreneurs, its residents dispersed in neighboring villages like Jaljulia and Fajja.

In 1878, Jewish colonists purchased the land of Mulabbes, establishing the first Jewish moshava, Petah Tikvah.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

References

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite journal |last=‘Azab |first=Anan |date=2008-10-05 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=917&mag_id=114 |title=Petah Tiqwa |number=120 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715054300/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=917&mag_id=114 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=E.H. |author-link=Edward Henry Palmer |year=1881 |url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft |title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer |publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/216/mode/1up 216])
  • {{cite book |last=Clermont-Ganneau |first=C.S. |author-link=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau |title=Études d'archéologie orientale |url=https://archive.org/details/tudesdarchologi00hangoog/page/n212 |year=1895 |publisher=E. Bouillon |location=Paris |language=fr}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Conder |first1=C.R. |author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder |last2=Kitchener |first2=H.H. |author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener |year=1882 |url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft |title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology |location=London |publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund |volume=2}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Dagan |first1=Yehuda |last2=Golan |first2=Dor |date=2009-08-23 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1189&mag_id=115 |title=Petah Tiqwa–Rishon Le-Ziyyon, Survey |number=121 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715042308/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1189&mag_id=115 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Dayan |first=Ayelet |date=2011-08-03 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1757&mag_id=118 |title=Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda |number=123 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717223330/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1757&mag_id=118 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite book

|last=Delaville Le Roulx|first=J.|author-link = Joseph Delaville Le Roulx

|title=Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers |url=https://archive.org/details/cgohvol1 |volume=1 |year=1894 |location=Paris |language=la}}

  • {{cite journal |last=Gorzalczany |first=Amir |date=2005-11-28 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=267&mag_id=110 |title=Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda |number=117 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715035657/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=267&mag_id=110 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite book |last=Guérin |first=V. |author-link=Victor Guérin |title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine |url=http://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog |volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2 |year=1875 |publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale |location=Paris |language=fr}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Haddad |first=Elie |date=2013-08-20 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2321 |title=Petah Tiqwa, Kh. Mulabbis |number=125 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2017-06-27 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030425/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2321 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=M. |author-link=Martin Hartmann |title=Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) |journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |volume=6 |pages=102–149 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ |year=1883}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal |last2=Abdulfattah |title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=978-3-920405-41-4 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014140930/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite journal |author=Karmon, Y. |title=An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine |url=http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |volume=10 |issue=3,4 |year=1960 |pages=155–173; 244–253 |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |url-status=dead}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Masarwa |first=Durar |date=2012-08-26 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2035&mag_id=119 |title=Petah Tiqwa (Mulabbis) |number=124 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717194558/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2035&mag_id=119 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Masarwa |first=Durar |date=2011-12-15 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1889&mag_id=118 |title=Petah Tiqwa (Mulabbis) |number=123 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717202118/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1889&mag_id=118 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog |title=(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) |last=Röhricht |first=R. |publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana |year=1893 |location=Berlin |language=la |author-link=Reinhold Röhricht}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Socin |first=A. |author-link=Albert Socin |title=Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem |journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |volume=2 |pages=135–163 |url=https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut |year=1879}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Toueg |first=Ron |date=2013-08-08 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2320&mag_id=120 |title=Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda |number=125 |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |access-date=2019-08-31 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717220636/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2320&mag_id=120 |url-status=live}}

{{refend}}

External links

  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8375 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.13.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Wikivoyage}}

Category:Palestine (region)

Category:Crusader castles

Category:Petah Tikva

Category:Archaeological sites in Israel