Murmansk#climate

The name of the city is derived from Murman, from an old name for Norwegians by Russians, likely a borrowing from Old Norse norðmaðr, which gave its name to the Murman Coast and the surrounding region including the Kola Peninsula.{{cite book |title=Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера |page=Мурман}}

File:Панорама центральной части г. Мурманска (съемка с самолета), 1936 г.jpg

File:Разрушенный Мурманск 1942 год.JPG

File:MurmanskProspektLenin.jpg

Murmansk was the last city founded in the Russian Empire.The Moscow Times. [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/murmansk.html It's Always Colder in Murmansk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121807/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/murmansk.html |date=September 10, 2015 }}, May 20, 2012 In 1915, World War I needs led to the construction of the railroad from Petrozavodsk to an ice-free location on the Murman Coast in the Russian Arctic, to which Russia's allies shipped military supplies.Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 24 The terminus became known as the Murman station and soon boasted a port, a naval base, and an adjacent settlement with a population that quickly grew in size and soon surpassed the nearby towns of Alexandrovsk and Kola.{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title=Russian and Soviet Naval Power and the Arctic from the XVI Century to the Beginning of the Great Patriotic War |journal=The Journal of Slavic Military Studies |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=359–392 |doi=10.1080/13518040701532958 |s2cid=145005700}}

On {{OldStyleDateNY|June 29|July 12}}, 1916, Russian Transport Minister Alexander Trepov petitioned to grant urban status to the railway settlement. On {{OldStyleDateNY|July 6|July 19}}, 1916, the petition was approved and the town was named Romanov-on-Murman ({{lang|ru|Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане}}, Romanov-na-Murmane), after the Imperial Russian dynasty, the Romanovs. On {{OldStyleDateNY|September 21|October 4}}, 1916, the official ceremony was performed, and the date is now considered the official date of the city's foundation. After the February Revolution of March 1917, on {{OldStyleDateNY|April 3|April 16}}, 1917, the town was given its present name.Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 60–63

File:Английский крейсер Глори на Мурманском рейде.JPG, flagship of the British North Russia Squadron in Murmansk in the First World War]]

In the winter of 1917 the British North Russia Squadron under Rear Admiral Thomas Kemp was based at Murmansk.{{Citation |last=Clifford Kinvig |title=Churchill's Crusade |date=November 23, 2007 |publisher=Hambledon & London |isbn=9781847250216 |oclc=747256147 |ol=9819337M |id=1847250211}}

From 1918 to 1920, during the Russian Civil War, the town was occupied by the Western powers, who had been allied in World War I, and was also controlled by White Army forces.{{cite web |title=Bolshevik, North Russian, Royal Navy, Expeditionary Force, Archangel, Dvina River |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1z05NorthRussia.htm |access-date=2010-12-08 |publisher=Naval-history.net}}

On February 13, 1926, local self-government was organized in Murmansk for the first time, during a plenary session of the Murmansk City Soviet, which elected a Presidium. Before this, the city was governed by the authorities of Alexandrovsky Uyezd and later of Murmansk Governorate. On August 1, 1927, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) issued two resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast", which transformed Murmansk Governorate into Murmansk Okrug within Leningrad Oblast and made Murmansk the administrative center of Murmansk Okrug.

In 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which included a plan to enlarge the city by merging the surrounding territories in the north, south, and west into Murmansk. While this plan was not confirmed by the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, in 1935–1937 several rural localities of Kolsky and Polyarny Districts were merged into Murmansk anyway.

According to the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee resolution of February 26, 1935, the administrative center of Polyarny District was moved from Polyarnoye to Sayda-Guba.Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 48 However, the provisions of the resolution were not fully implemented, and due to military construction in Polyarnoye, the administrative center was instead moved to Murmansk in the beginning of 1935. In addition to being the administrative center of Murmansk Okrug, Murmansk continued to serve as the administrative center of Polyarny District until September 11, 1938. On February 10, 1938, when the VTsIK adopted a Resolution changing the administrative-territorial structure of Murmansk Okrug, the city of Murmansk became a separate administrative division of the okrug, equal in status to that of the districts. This status was retained when Murmansk Okrug was transformed into Murmansk Oblast on May 28, 1938. The Germans were promised the use of the port they called {{lang | de | Norwegenhafen}} for transportation of goods and raw materials from 1922 to 1941.

During World War II, Murmansk was a link to the Western world for the Soviet Union, with large quantities of goods important to the respective military efforts traded with the USSR's Allies: primarily military equipment, manufactured goods and raw materials brought into the Soviet Union. The supplies were brought to the city in the Arctic convoys.{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title=British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 – June 1942 |journal=The Journal of Military History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=773–808 |doi=10.1353/jmh.2007.0206 |jstor=30052890 |s2cid=159715267}}

German forces in Finnish territory launched an offensive against Murmansk in 1941 as part of Operation Silver Fox. Fierce Soviet resistance and harsh local weather, with the bad terrain, prevented the Germans from capturing it. The Luftwaffe bombed the city 792 times during World War II.Hansen, Trond. 25 June 2021. "[https://www.sva.no/2021/magasin/dagen-for-mot-og-utholdenhet/ Dagen for mot og utholdenhet]{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" [day of courage and endurance]. Sør-Varanger Avis. P.10 Murmansk suffered extensive destruction, the magnitude of which was rivaled only by the destruction in Leningrad and Stalingrad.[http://www.rian.ru/society/20061004/54494341.html Мурманску исполняется 90 лет]{{in lang|ru}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.b-port.com/info/smi/vm/?issue=538&article=10256|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620125619/http://www.b-port.com/info/smi/vm/?issue=538&article=10256|url-status=dead|title=Газета «Вечерний Мурманск» Выпуск № 93 от 28 мая 2005|archive-date=June 20, 2016}}

For the rest of the war, Murmansk served as a transit point for weapons and other supplies entering the Soviet Union from other Allied nations. The city's resistance was commemorated at the 40th anniversary of the victory over the Germans in the formal designation of Murmansk as a Hero City on May 6, 1985.{{cite web |date=1916-10-04 |title=Nature Administrative-territorial system |url=http://2004.murman.ru/nature/adm_delenie/murmansk/index-eng.shtml |access-date=2009-05-05 |publisher=2004.murman.ru}} During the Cold War Murmansk was a center of Soviet submarine and icebreaker activity. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the nearby city and naval base of Severomorsk remains the headquarters of the Russian Northern Fleet.

In 1974, a massive {{convert|35.5|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall statue Alyosha, depicting a Soviet World War II soldier, was installed on a {{convert|7|m|sp=us|adj=on}} high foundation.{{cite web|url=https://www.intltravelnews.com/2012/04/alyosha-granite-monument-russias-litsa-riv|title=Alyosha, granite monument on Russia's Litsa River}} The Hotel Arctic opened in 1984, becoming the tallest building above the Arctic Circle.

On January 1, 2015, the territory of Murmansk was expanded when the urban-type settlement of Roslyakovo, previously under the jurisdiction of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk, was abolished and its territory merged into Murmansk.Law #1812-01-ZMO

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Murmansk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Law #96-01-ZMO As a municipal division, the City of Murmansk is incorporated as Murmansk Urban Okrug.Law #531-01-ZMO

File:Мурманск..JPG

{{As of|2012}}, the city is divided into three administrative okrugs:Charter of Murmansk, Article 3.1

• Leninsky (Ленинский (Lenin))
• Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский (October))
• Pervomaysky (Первомайский (First May))

City districts were established in Murmansk for the first time by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of April 20, 1939; at the time, three city districts (Kirovsky, Leninsky, and Mikoyanovsky) were created. They were abolished on June 2, 1948. The same city districts were created for the second time on June 23, 1951.

Mikoyanovsky City District was renamed Oktyabrsky on October 30, 1957, but on September 30, 1958, all three city districts were again abolished. On June 10, 1967, two city districts were created (Leninsky and Oktyabrsky); Pervomaysky City District was split from Oktyabrsky on February 21, 1975. In the Charter of the Hero City of Murmansk, adopted on December 17, 1995, the districts started to be referred to as administrative okrugs.

File:Photographing Murmansk from Omni Hotel Murmansk.jpg

Murmansk experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), with long and cold (though average by arctic standards) winters and short, cool summers. In the city, freezing temperatures are routinely experienced from October to May. Average temperatures exceed 0 degrees Celsius only from May through October. The average low during the coldest part of the year in Murmansk is approximately {{convert|-14|C}}. However, temperatures routinely plunge below {{convert|-20|C}} during the winter.

Murmansk's brief summer is mild, with average highs in July exceeding {{convert|+17|C}}. The city is slightly wetter during the summer than the winter and receives an annual average of just under {{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation.

The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 22 May to 23 July (63 days), and the period with continuous darkness is somewhat shorter — the polar night lasts from 2 December to 10 January (40 days).

Extreme temperatures range from {{convert|−39.4|C}} on January 6, 1985, and January 27, 1999, up to {{convert|32.9|C}} on July 9, 1972; the record cold daily maximum is {{convert|−36.1|C}}, set on January 6, 1985, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|21.3|C}} last set on July 9, 1972.{{cite web |title=Météo Climat stats for Mourmansk |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=230 |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Météo Climat |language=fr}}

Murmansk has been affected by global warming in recent decades, similar to other Arctic locations. For example, December 2007 had an average high of {{convert|0.8|C}}, while a {{convert|2.3|C}} average high was measured for March 2007.{{cite web |title=December 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=12&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}{{cite web |title=March 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=3&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}} Summer has also been affected, with a {{convert|19.1|C}} average high for June 2013, and a {{convert|24.3|C}} average high during July 2018.{{cite web |title=June 2013 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=6&year=2013 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}{{cite web |title=July 2018 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=7&year=2018 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Murmansk (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 7.0

| Feb record high C = 6.6

| Mar record high C = 9.0

| Apr record high C = 17.6

| May record high C = 29.4

| Jun record high C = 30.8

| Jul record high C = 32.9

| Aug record high C = 30.2

| Sep record high C = 24.2

| Oct record high C = 15.0

| Nov record high C = 11.7

| Dec record high C = 7.2

| year record high C = 32.9

| Jan avg record high C = 1.7

| Feb avg record high C = 2.0

| Mar avg record high C = 4.5

| Apr avg record high C = 10.3

| May avg record high C = 19.1

| Jun avg record high C = 24.4

| Jul avg record high C = 26.9

| Aug avg record high C = 23.9

| Sep avg record high C = 17.8

| Oct avg record high C = 9.7

| Nov avg record high C = 3.9

| Dec avg record high C = 2.9

| year avg record high C = 27.7

| Jan high C = -6.5

| Feb high C = -6.4

| Mar high C = -1.9

| Apr high C = 2.9

| May high C = 8.4

| Jun high C = 13.8

| Jul high C = 17.7

| Aug high C = 15.3

| Sep high C = 10.7

| Oct high C = 3.6

| Nov high C = -1.8

| Dec high C = -4.1

| year high C = 4.3

| Jan mean C = -9.6

| Feb mean C = -9.3

| Mar mean C = -5.1

| Apr mean C = -0.3

| May mean C = 4.6

| Jun mean C = 9.4

| Jul mean C = 13.2

| Aug mean C = 11.5

| Sep mean C = 7.6

| Oct mean C = 1.6

| Nov mean C = -4.0

| Dec mean C = -6.8

| year mean C = 1.1

| Jan low C = -12.7

| Feb low C = -12.3

| Mar low C = -8.2

| Apr low C = -3.3

| May low C = 1.5

| Jun low C = 5.9

| Jul low C = 9.6

| Aug low C = 8.3

| Sep low C = 5.1

| Oct low C = -0.3

| Nov low C = -6.2

| Dec low C = -9.6

| year low C = -1.8

| Jan avg record low C = -25.1

| Feb avg record low C = -24.4

| Mar avg record low C = -19.1

| Apr avg record low C = -12.1

| May avg record low C = -3.8

| Jun avg record low C = 1.2

| Jul avg record low C = 5.2

| Aug avg record low C = 3.2

| Sep avg record low C = -0.4

| Oct avg record low C = -8.1

| Nov avg record low C = -16.4

| Dec avg record low C = -20.7

| year avg record low C = -28.5

| Jan record low C = -39.4

| Feb record low C = -38.6

| Mar record low C = -32.6

| Apr record low C = -24.0

| May record low C = -10.3

| Jun record low C = -2.8

| Jul record low C = 1.7

| Aug record low C = -2.0

| Sep record low C = -10.1

| Oct record low C = -21.2

| Nov record low C = -32.2

| Dec record low C = -34.9

| year record low C = -39.4

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 34

| Feb precipitation mm = 24

| Mar precipitation mm = 29

| Apr precipitation mm = 29

| May precipitation mm = 37

| Jun precipitation mm = 56

| Jul precipitation mm = 66

| Aug precipitation mm = 71

| Sep precipitation mm = 54

| Oct precipitation mm = 56

| Nov precipitation mm = 36

| Dec precipitation mm = 37

| year precipitation mm = 529

| Jan snow depth cm = 26

| Feb snow depth cm = 28

| Mar snow depth cm = 30

| Apr snow depth cm = 19

| May snow depth cm = 2

| Jun snow depth cm = 0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0

| Oct snow depth cm = 3

| Nov snow depth cm = 11

| Dec snow depth cm = 19

| year snow depth cm = 30

| Jan humidity = 84

| Feb humidity = 83

| Mar humidity = 79

| Apr humidity = 73

| May humidity = 72

| Jun humidity = 70

| Jul humidity = 75

| Aug humidity = 79

| Sep humidity = 80

| Oct humidity = 83

| Nov humidity = 86

| Dec humidity = 85

| year humidity = 79

| Jan rain days = 2

| Feb rain days = 2

| Mar rain days = 3

| Apr rain days = 9

| May rain days = 18

| Jun rain days = 22

| Jul rain days = 22

| Aug rain days = 22

| Sep rain days = 24

| Oct rain days = 17

| Nov rain days = 5

| Dec rain days = 3

| year rain days = 149

| Jan snow days = 27

| Feb snow days = 28

| Mar snow days = 24

| Apr snow days = 19

| May snow days = 14

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 20

| Nov snow days = 24

| Dec snow days = 27

| year snow days = 183

| Jan sun = 1.9

| Feb sun = 44.5

| Mar sun = 133.4

| Apr sun = 188.6

| May sun = 205.2

| Jun sun = 234.8

| Jul sun = 249.4

| Aug sun = 165.4

| Sep sun = 108.3

| Oct sun = 51.7

| Nov sun = 5.8

| Dec sun = 0

| year sun =

|source 1=Pogoda.ru.net{{cite web |script-title=ru:Климат Мурманска |trans-title=The Climate of Murmansk |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22113.htm |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) |language=ru}}

|source 2 = NOAA{{cite web |title=Murmansk Climate Normals 1991–2020 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Murmansk_22113.csv|access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}} Infoclimat{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/murmansk/valeurs/22113.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Murmansk|publisher=Infoclimat|language=|access-date=12 October 2023}}

}}

{{Historical populations

|type =

|footnote = Source: Census data

|1926 | 8716

|1939 | 117069

|1959 | 221874

|1970 | 308642

|1979 | 380817

|1989 | 468039

|2002 | 336137

|2010 | 307257

|2021 | 270384

}}

File:Murmansk (19591668996).jpg

The population of the city, according to the 2010 Census, was 307,257, of these, 141,130 men (45.9%) and 166,127 women (54.1%),Статистический сборник [http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib1/Тома%20официальной%20публикации%20итогов%20ВПН-2010.aspx Численность, размещение и возрастно-половой состав населения Мурманской области. Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения. Том 1. 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222192055/http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib1/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%92%D0%9F%D0%9D-2010.aspx|date=December 22, 2012}} / Федеральная служба государственной статистики, Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Мурманской области. Мурманск, 2012 — 75 с.{{cite web |title=Численность населения Мурманской области по полу на 14 октября 2010 года |url=http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib7/02.doc |access-date=January 10, 2019}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} down from 468,039 recorded in the 1989 Census. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has been consistently losing population, as the extensive military facilities the city is built around have declined. Ethnic Russians make up the majority of the population, but Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities also live in the city.

Ethnic composition (2010):{{cite web |url=http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/murmanskstat/resources/073db3804e81006b8608f7b8fc91c3ba/16.xls |title=Распределение населения Мурманской области по наиболее многочисленным национальностям по муниципальным образованиям |access-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173152/http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/murmanskstat/resources/073db3804e81006b8608f7b8fc91c3ba/16.xls|archive-date=2016-03-03 }}

• Russians – 89.6%
• Ukrainians – 4.6%
• Belarusians – 1.6%
• Tatars – 0.8%
• Azerbaijanis – 0.7%
• Others – 2.6%

In November 2010, direct mayoral elections were abolished; they were reinstituted in January 2014, with the most recent elections for mayor and city council taking place in September 2014.{{Cite web|url=http://2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org/lentanovostey/51957-vybory-mera-murmanska-proydut-14-sentyabrya.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203709/http://2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org/lentanovostey/51957-vybory-mera-murmanska-proydut-14-sentyabrya.html|url-status=dead|title=Выборы мэра Мурманска пройдут 14 сентября »|archive-date=February 1, 2014|website=2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org}}

Murmansk has two main museums: Murmansk Oblast Museum and Murmansk Oblast Art Museum; there are also several small museums. There are three professional theaters, libraries, and an aquarium in Murmansk.

Murmansk is the venue of the decommissioned Lenin which is now a museum ship.

Alyosha Monument, Murmansk or Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War monument is also located in Murmansk. The main square of Murmansk is Five Corners, Murmansk.

Атомный ледокол "Ленин".jpg|Lenin, converted into a museum ship

House_with_no_light.jpg|Monument of sailors in Murmansk

Вечный огонь у Алеши.JPG|Memorial to Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War

Памятник жертвам интервенции 1918-1920 г.jpg|Monument to the victims of the intervention of 1918–1920, Murmansk

There are three professional theaters in Murmansk. The oldest is the Murmansk Puppetry, which opened in 1933. The largest in the city was the Murmansk Regional Drama Theater, which opened in 1939. The Drama Theater of the Northern Fleet was opened in 1946.{{cite web|url=https://region.murman.ru/society/culture/theaters/index.shtml |title=Наыеярбн » Йскэрспю – Лсплюмяй Х Лсплюмяйюъ Накюярэ |publisher=Region.murman.ru |access-date=2022-03-03}}

Театр Северного флота.JPG|Drama Theater of the Northern Fleet

Oblastnoi_dramteatr_murmansk.jpg|Murmansk Regional Drama Theater

Театр кукол летом.png|Murmansk Puppetry

The city's association football teams are FC Sever Murmansk, which played in the Russian Second Division until 2014 when it folded due to financial difficulties, and FC Murmansk, a football team founded in 2022.

Стадион_«Строитель»,_Мурманск.jpg|Stadium Stroitel

Хоккей на стадионе «Строитель».jpg|Bandy at Stroitel stadium

Центральный стадион в Мурманске..JPG|Trade Unions Central Stadium venue of FC Sever Murmansk

Плавательный бассейн.JPG|Murmansk Municipal Swimming Pool

Перед стартом марафона на Празднике Севера 31 марта 2013 года.JPG|Polar Olympiada in 2013

Bandy club Murman{{cite web |title=Google Translate |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/135/&prev=/search?q=http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/135/&biw=1093&bih=614 |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=translate.google.com}} has played in the Russian Bandy Super League, last in 2011–2012. Between 2012 and 2018, they were playing in the second tier Russian Bandy Supreme League, but will from the 2018–19 season be a Super League team again.{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/11995/|title = Google Translate}} Their home arena, Stadium Stroitel, has an audience capacity of 5,000.{{cite web |title=Google Translate |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/13/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/13/%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545&sa=X&ei=hx-7UInoO4j_4QTTnYCoAQ&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA |access-date=2013-03-12 |publisher=Translate.google.se}}

The city is one of only three places with representation in the female league, through the team Arktika.{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbandy.ru/club/48/|title=Информация о команде "Арктика" Мурманск - Реестр - Федерация хоккея с мячом России|website=rusbandy.ru}} Proximity to pole and its side effects, Polar Night, has brought sport festivals such as {{ill|North Festival Polar Olympiad|ru|ruПраздник Севера}} and {{ill|Sun Festival|ru|Праздник Солнца}}. The former has been awarded every year since the inaugural tournament in 1934.{{cite web|url=https://sport.gov-murman.ru/events/prazdnik-severa/|title=Праздник Севера|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=November 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121171648/https://sport.gov-murman.ru/events/prazdnik-severa/|url-status=dead}} Norway, Finland, Sweden, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries take part in the North Festival Polar Olympiad.{{cite web |url=http://norse.ru/culture/common/nord-holiday.html |title=Международный Праздник Севера - Полярная Олимпиада |website=norse.ru |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619211551/http://norse.ru/culture/common/nord-holiday.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}

To commemorate the 85th anniversary of the city's foundation, the snow-white Church of the Saviour on the Waters was modeled after the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal and built on the shore for the sailors of Murmansk.[http://photo.murman.ru/www/vcards.nsf/images/NT00076D1E/$FILE/001.jpg see photograph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011120641/http://photo.murman.ru/www/vcards.nsf/images/NT00076D1E/$FILE/001.jpg |date=October 11, 2006 }})

Fifteen religious associations have been registered in Murmansk.{{cite web |title=Религиозные объединения |url=http://www.gov-murman.ru/society/religious/index.shtml?name=gov-society-religious&base=index |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221072930/http://gov-murman.ru/society/religious/index.shtml?name=gov-society-religious&base=index |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=January 10, 2019 |publisher=Официальный портал Мурманской области}} The largest is the Russian Orthodox Church. Murmansk is the center of its Murmansk and Monchegorsk diocese, as well as the Murmansk Metropolis. The city has about a dozen Orthodox churches. The department of the head of the diocese and the metropolis of Metropolitan Simon is located in St. Nicholas Cathedral.{{cite web |title=Храмы епархии |url=http://www.mmeparh.ru/node/92 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620083104/http://www.mmeparh.ru/node/92 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |access-date=2012-06-15 |publisher=Сайт Мурманской и Мончегорской епархии}}{{cite web |title=Культура, образование, наука, спорт, церковь |url=http://www.citymurmansk.ru/eng/murmansk/history/kultura_obrazova/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053315/https://www.citymurmansk.ru/eng/murmansk/history/kultura_obrazova/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2012-06-15 |publisher=Администрация города Мурманска – официальный сайт}}

Church of the Saviour-on-Water Murmansk 4.JPG|Church of the Saviour on the Waters, Murmansk

Храм Архангела Михаила (Мурманск).jpg|St. Michael the Archangel's Church

Всехсвятская церковь. Мурманск.jpg|All Saints' Church

Комплекс Свято-Никольского кафедрального собора.JPG|St. Nicholas Cathedral

Murmansk's evening newspaper is Vecherniy Murmansk; it has been published since 1991.

The port of Murmansk remains ice-free year round due to the warm North Atlantic Current and is an important fishing and shipping destination. It is home port to Atomflot, the world's only fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers.{{cite web |title=Atomflot – Bellona |url=http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/radwaste/30138 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181054/http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/radwaste/30138 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |access-date=2010-12-07 |publisher=Bellona |df=mdy-all}}

The Port of Murmansk is the headquarters of Sevmorput (Northern Sea Route) and the administration of Russian Arctic maritime transport. In 2018, the Russian government transferred the main responsibility for the Northern Sea Route to Rosatom which through its ROSATOMFLOT subsidiary manages the Russian nuclear powered icebreaker fleet based in Murmansk.{{Cite news| url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2018/07/vyasheslav-ruksha-will-lead-newly-established-northern-sea-route-directorate | title= Vyacheslav Ruksha will lead the newly established Northern Sea Route Directorate |first=Thomas |last=Nilsen | date=2018-07-18 | work=The Barents Observer | access-date=2020-12-17 | archive-date=2020-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023132/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2018/07/vyasheslav-ruksha-will-lead-newly-established-northern-sea-route-directorate}}{{Cite news|url=https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/?v=7516fd43adaa|title=Cold Ambition: The New Geopolitical Faultline|last=Henderson|first=Isaiah|date=July 18, 2019|work=The California Review|access-date=December 17, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112224453/https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/?v=7516fd43adaa}}

Murmansk is linked by the Kirov Railway to St. Petersburg and is linked to the rest of Russia by the M18 Kola Motorway. Murmansk Airport provides air links to Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Buses and trolleybuses provide local transport.

Вокзал станции Мурманск.jpg|Murmansk central rail station

MurmanskHarbour.jpg|Port of Murmansk

Murmansk.Trolleybus№6.jpg|Trolley Ziu-682 with Azimut Hotel Murmansk in the background

Развязка Восточно-объездной дороги и Планерной улицы на подъезде к Мурманску.jpg|An interchange of the Eastern Bypass Road and Planernaya Street

Murmansk (MMK - ULMM) AN1445818.jpg|Murmansk Airport

Draha_na_murmansk.png|Kirov Railway connects Murmansk city and Saint Petersburg.

Arctic_Routes_(RUS).svg|Arctic Bridge sea route linking Murmansk to the Canadian port of Churchill, Manitoba.

Murmansk is set to be the Russian terminus of the Arctic Bridge, a sea route linking it to the Canadian port of Churchill, Manitoba. Even though the passage has not been fully tested for commercial shipping yet, Russian interest in this project (along with the Northwest Passage) is substantial, as the bridge will serve as a major trade route between North America, Europe and Asia.{{Cite news |date=2014-08-18 |title=Chinese goods may come to US via Murmansk |work=Barentsnova |url=http://barentsnova.com/business-overview/our-stories/1883-chinese-goods-may-come-to-us-via-murmansk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912114947/http://barentsnova.com/business%2Doverview/our%2Dstories/1883%2Dchinese%2Dgoods%2Dmay%2Dcome%2Dto%2Dus%2Dvia%2Dmurmansk/ |archive-date=2014-09-12}}

File:МГТУ.jpg.]]

Murmansk is home to Murmansk State Technical University, the Murmansk Arctic State University (formerly Murmansk State Pedagogical University), the Murmansk Institute of Humanities and the Murmansk College of Arts{{cite web |script-title=ru:Мурманский колледж искусств |trans-title=Murmansk College of Arts |url=http://mki-51.ru/ |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=mki-51.ru |language=ru |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919224607/http://mki-51.ru/ |url-status=dead }} (the only art school of the Kola Peninsula, formerly the 'Murmansk Music School'). The city has 86 primary schools and 56 secondary schools, two boarding schools, and three reform schools. There is also a branch of the Naval Academy in Murmansk, where cadets study, to become officers of the Russian Navy.

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Murmansk is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Сведения об официальной деятельности |url=https://www.citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531051224/https://www.citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=127 |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=2020-02-03 |website=citymurmansk.ru |publisher=Murmansk |language=ru}}

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

• {{flagicon|SWE}} Luleå, Sweden (1972) Paused as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite news |title=Vänortsamarbetet mellan Luleå och Murmansk stoppas |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/norrbotten/vanortsamarbetet-mellan-lulea-och-murmansk-stoppas |access-date=2024-04-23 |newspaper=SVT Nyheter |date=February 28, 2022 |language=swedish |last1=Haupt |first1=Inger }}
• {{flagicon|NOR}} Vadsø, Norway (1973)
• {{flagicon|USA}} Jacksonville, United States (1975)
• {{flagicon|NED}} Groningen, Netherlands (1989)
• {{flagicon|TUR}} Alanya, Turkey (2014)
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Minsk, Belarus (2014)
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Harbin, China (2016)

{{div col end}}

• {{flagicon|Poland}} Szczecin (1993–2022) Cancelled as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
• {{flagicon|Finland}} Rovaniemi (1962–2022) Cancelled as a result of Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite web |title=Szczecin wypowiedział umowę o przyjacielskiej współpracy z Murmańskiem |url=https://wszczecinie.pl/aktualnosci,szczecin_wypowiedzial_umowe_o_przyjacielskiej_wspolpracy_z_murmanskiem,id-40370.html |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=wszczecinie.pl |language=pl}}{{Cite web |title=The capital of Lapland freezes partnership with Murmansk |url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2022/03/capital-lapland-freezes-partnership-murmansk |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Independent Barents Observer |date=March 4, 2022 |language=en}}
• {{flagicon|NOR}} Tromsø (1972–2022) Cancelled because of concerns related to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukrainehttps://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/tromso-avslutter-vennskapsbyavtale-med-russiske-byer-1.16153548. NRK.no. Retrieved 2022-10-26
• {{flagicon|ISL}} Akureyri, Iceland (1994–2022) Cancelled as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2022/12/murmansk-terminates-sister-city-relations-akureyri "Murmansk terminates sister city relations with Akureyri"], The Barents Observer, 15 December 2022

• Nikita Alexeev, ice hockey player
• Vitaliy Nikolayevich Bubentsov, Russian artist
• Aleksey Goman, pop singer
• Kate Grigorieva, supermodel
• Valentina Gunina, chess grandmaster
• Halyna Hutchins, cinematographer and journalist
• Vladimir Konstantinov, ice hockey player
• Irina Kovalenko, supermodel and Miss Russia winner
• Larisa Kruglova, sprinter
• Sergey Kuryokhin, actor and musician
• Irina Malgina, biathlete
• Elizaveta Nazarenkova, Uzbek rhythmic gymnast
• Yevgeny Nikitin, opera singer
• Zlata Ognevich, Ukrainian singer
• Sergei Rozhkov, biathlete
• Alexei Semenov, ice hockey player
• Sergey Subbotin, former mayor
• Konstantin Volkov, ice hockey player
• Vitaly Zdorovetskiy, YouTube personality, prankster
• Yana Kunitskaya, UFC bantamweight fighter

{{reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|mur|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|mur|mun|list|murmansk}}
• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|mur|murmansk}}
• {{Cite book |last=Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. |title=Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920–1993 гг.). Справочник |publisher=Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север" |year=1995 |location=Мурманск}}
• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Мурманская областная Дума

|ru_type=Закон

|ru_number=1812-01-ЗМО

|ru_date=19 декабря 2014 г.

|ru_title=Об упразднеии населённого пункта Мурманской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области

|ru_effective_date=1 января 2015 г

|ru_published_in="Мурманский Вестник", No.246–247, с. 56

|ru_published_date=25 декабря 2014 г

|ru_url=

|en_entity=Murmansk Oblast Duma

|en_type=Law

|en_number=1812-01-ZMO

|en_date=December 19, 2014

|en_title=On Abolishing an Inhabited Locality in Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast

|en_effective_date=January 1, 2015

|en_url=

}}

{{Commons category|Murmansk}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090420033954/http://www.citymurmansk.ru/ Official website of Murmansk] {{in lang|ru}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080408102844/http://www.murmansk1.ru/en/ News of Murmansk]
• [http://murmanskguide.com/ Interactive map of Murmansk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515234642/http://murmanskguide.com/ |date=May 15, 2017 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070206082953/http://barentsnova.com/ Barentsnova.com, Murmansk business news, statistics]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055414/http://atomic.msco.ru/cgi-bin/common.cgi?lang=eng&skin=menu1&fn=first Atomic ice breaker fleet]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/06/business_murmansk0s_gorgeous_garages/html/1.stm Murmansk's gorgeous garages — a photo journal by BBC news journalist Jorn Madslien]
• [https://www.flickr.com/groups/murmansk/ Views of Murmansk group on Flickr]
• [http://www.cnn.com/video/?JSONLINK=/video/world/2009/05/20/eor.chance.murmansk.cnn Video overview of Murmansk in English, 4½ minutes, 2009]
• [http://eng.mstu.edu.ru/ Murmansk State Technical University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514122417/http://eng.mstu.edu.ru/ |date=May 14, 2006 }}
• [http://www.naval-history.net/WW1z05NorthRussia.htm British North Russian Expeditionary Force 1918–1919 (based at Murmansk)]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6103384.stm "Big-dollar deals tempt Arctic firms" BBC article on the energy industry's effect on Murmansk]

{{Murmansk Oblast}}

{{Hero Cities}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2012}}

Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia

Category:Barents Sea

Category:Cities and towns in Murmansk Oblast

Category:Populated coastal places in Russia

Category:Russian and Soviet Navy bases

Category:Port cities and towns in Russia

Category:1916 establishments in the Russian Empire

Category:Populated places established in 1916

Category:Kolsky Uyezd