Murrah buffalo

File:Búfalo Murrah.JPG

Murrah buffaloes are jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on the face or legs. Their eyes are black, active, and prominent in females, but slightly shrunken in males and should not be walled, i.e., the cornea should not have whiteness. Their necks are long and thin in females and thick and massive in males. Their ears are short, thin, and alert. {{Cite web|url=https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/animhus_buffalo%20breeds.html|title=Livestock:: Buffalo:: BreedsAnimal Husbandry ::buffalo breeds}}

They typically have short and tightly curved horns. Bulls weigh around {{convert|550|kg|abbr=on}} and cows around {{convert|450|kg|abbr=on}}. Average milk production is {{cvt|2200|L|abbr=on}} in a lactation period of 310 days.{{cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/buffalo/murrah/index.htm |title=Murrah |work=ansi.okstate.edu |access-date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180010/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/buffalo/murrah/index.htm |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.bharathidairyfarm.com/about-murrah.php |title=Murrah Buffalo |work=bharathidairyfarm.com}}

These institutes have ongoing research programs to enhance and disseminate the Murrah breed:

• The Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes in Hisar is the premier research institute in India for improving the Murrah buffalo breed and for disseminating Murrah buffalo semen to farmers and buffalo breeders for fertilization of cows. It has cloned a Murrah buffalo to replicate the high quality breed.[http://www.cirb.res.in CIRB website]{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8-XBnE_nAsC&dq=Central+Institute+for+Research+on+Buffaloes,+hisar&pg=PA245|title=Fifty Years of Indian Agriculture|first1=Ali|last1=Mohammad|first2=Abdul|last2=Munir|first3=Hifzur|last3=Rehman|date=26 June 2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180693601 |via=Google Books}}[http://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-16429094.html "लुवास का भैंस फार्म देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ केंद्र घोषित (Hisar LUVAS Buffalo farm best in the nation)."], Dainik Jagran, 25 July 2017.[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/6765 Training on Advanced Buffalo Husbandry organized at CIRB, Hisar]Syed Mohmad Shah, Manmohan Singh Chauhan. 2017 [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1946556440 Reproduction in Buffalo: Natural and assisted reproductive techniques], Notion Press, Chennai.{{Cite web|url=http://www.buffalopedia.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104&Itemid=107&lang=en|title=Bulgarian Murrah}}
• National Dairy Research Institute is an agro-dairy university in Karnal.{{Cite web|url=https://hillpost.in/2019/07/nauni-university-at-rank-12-among-agri-research-institutes-of-country/112098/|title=Nauni University At Rank 12 Among Agri Research Institutes Of Country|first=Hill Post|last=Staff|date=19 July 2019}}
• The Philippine Carabao Center in the Philippines breeds Murrah buffaloes for adapting them to the local tropical conditions.

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In Asia, Murrah buffaloes were first introduced in Philippines from India in 1917 to cross breed with native Carabao breed. A few Nili-Ravi breed were also exported from India to Philippines.{{cite book |editor-last=Cockrill |editor-first=W. R. |series=Animal Production and Health Series |volume=4 |title=The Water Buffalo |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |date=1977 |isbn=978-9251001080 |url=http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |access-date=February 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} Philippine Carabao Center was established in 1992 at Science City of Muñoz in Nueva Ecija province to breed and cross carabao based on high-yield Murrah buffalo in the Philippines as a multi-purpose animal that can be raised for milk, meat, hide, and draft.{{cite web|title=Philippine Carabao Center History|url=http://www.pcc.da.gov.ph/history.php|access-date=September 27, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407025112/http://www.pcc.da.gov.ph/history.php|archive-date=April 7, 2008}}{{cite web|last=Hernandez|first=Ma. Eloisa E.|title=The Philippine Carabao Center ...has gone a long way|url=http://www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2006/julsep06_featinst.asp|publisher=Bureau of Agricultural Research|access-date=September 27, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723142040/http://www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2006/julsep06_featinst.asp|archive-date=July 23, 2010}}{{cite web|last=Robles|first=Chan|title=REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7307|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno7307.html|publisher=Robles Chan Virtual Law Library|access-date=September 27, 2010}}{{cite web|title=The Philippines: Enterprise-Driven Dairy Development|url=http://www.aphca.org/reference/dairy/SMB_FAO_LLS_Philippine_Paper_Revised_20Dec07.pdf|publisher=Philippine Carabao Center|access-date=September 27, 2010}} This project has now expected to more than 14 buffalo research centers, based on murrah breed, spread across Philippines.

In Europe, the native breed were crossbred with the Indian Murrah breed in Bulgaria, and later in Romania, some were crossbred with Bulgarian Murrah.Borghese, A., Mazzi, M. (2005). Buffalo Population and Strategies in the World. Pages 1–39 in Borghese, A. (ed.) Buffalo Production and Research. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome.

In South America, starting from late 19th century Murrah & Jaffarabadi breeds were imported by Brazil to improve the breed there.{{Cite journal|last1=Minervino|first1=A.H.H. |last2=Zava |first2=M. |last3=Vecchio|first3=D. |last4=Borghese|first4=A. |date=2020 |title=Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |volume=7 |page=570413 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2020.570413 |pmid=33335917 |pmc=7736047 |doi-access=free}}

• List of water buffalo breeds
• List of Indian cattle breeds
• Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)
• Government Livestock Farm, Hisar, research and dissemination institute to improve the feed for cattle to enhance the milk yield, situated next to the CIRB Hisar

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{{Water buffalo breeds}}

Category:Animal husbandry in Haryana

Category:Water buffalo breeds originating in India